The United States and Japan in Global Context: 2017
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The United States and Japan in Global Context: 2017 The Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) Tel: 202-663-5812 Email: [email protected] The Edwin O. Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies Established in 1984, with the explicit support of the Reischauer family, the Edwin O. Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) actively supports the research and study of trans-Pacific and intra-Asian relations to advance mutual understanding between North-east Asia and the United States. The first Japanese-born and Japanese-speaking US Ambassador to Japan, Edwin O. Reischauer (serv. 1961–66) later served as the Center’s Honorary Chair from its founding until 1990. His wife Haru Matsukata Reischauer followed as Honorary Chair from 1991 to 1998. They both exemplified the deep commitment that the Reischauer Center aspires to perpetuate in its scholarly and cultural activities today. Edwin O. Reischauer October 15, 1910 – September 1, 1990 Yearbook Class of 2017 From Left to Right: Dr. Asuka Matsumoto (Visiting Scholar); Tyler Kellermann; Carrie Williams; Monica Herman; Xiaochen Cai; Jianan Ye; Jingwei Zhang; Professor William Brooks; Jeremy Fuller; Liangliang Zhu; Jingyi Guo; Laura Kuang; Sanittawan Tan; Matthew Gee Table of Contents The Year at the Reischauer Center (Kent E. Calder) ....................................................................... 1 Reischauer Center Events 2016 - 2017 ............................................................................................ 5 Introduction (William L. Brooks) .................................................................................................... 9 Shinzo Abe’s Reconciliation and Revisionism (Xiaochen Cai) ................................................... 31 Resetting U.S.-Japan Trade Relations after TPP (Jeremy Fuller) ................................................ 67 Can Shinzo Abe Revive Japan’s Dying Farm Sector? (Matthew Gee) ......................................... 87 Post-TPP World: Another U.S. Auto-Trade War with Japan? (Jingyi Guo) .............................. 107 Growing Regional Security Challenges for the U.S.-Japan Alliance (Monica Herman) ........... 125 Japan Inc. 2.0 – Is Japan Back? (Tyler Kellermann) ................................................................... 143 The Future of U.S.-Japan Farm Trade without TPP (Laura Kuang) .......................................... 171 Assessing the 2015 U.S.-Japan Defense Guidelines: “Normal Country”? (Sanittawan Tan) .... 193 Japan’s Development Assistance Strategy in a Changing World (Carrie Williams) .................. 247 Japan’s Changing Ties with Taiwan under the Abe Administration (Jianan Ye) ....................... 269 Japan’s Healthcare Crisis: Implications for the United States (Jingwei Zhang) ......................... 285 Japan and RCEP: The New Asia-Pacific Regional Architecture (Liangliang Zhu) ................... 301 Photo Album: Class Research Trip to Japan, March 2017 .......................................................... 319 The Year at the Reischauer Center The 2016–17 academic year was a diverse and distinctive one for the Reischauer Center. For the first time, we capitalized on the globally-renowned strengths of Johns Hopkins University in health care to craft a new curriculum and to convene a conference in that area. We also held conferences on the future of the Korean Peninsula and the Washington idea industry; published a new volume on Singapore’s distinctive public- policy model; and issued several monographs, including our traditional review of U.S.- Japan relations. This year we began the second increment of a five-stage curriculum development project in partnership with the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partnership (CGP). As noted above, our focal theme for the past academic year was on best-practice policy in the area of health care. Supported by a generous grant through the Japan Foundation CGP, we inaugurated a new course taught by Professor William Brooks in the Fall 2016 semester at Johns Hopkins SAIS, “Japan’s Demographically-Driven Health Care Crisis.” We also organized a major conference, “Healthcare Systems in Transition: Best Practices in the U.S. and Japan,” during May 2017, to compliment Professor Brooks’ course, which had been taught earlier in the academic year. Healthcare Conference – May 12, 2017 Although U.S-Japan cooperation in health care was our central pedagogical focus, our research went beyond this topic alone. The Reischauer Center’s research concerned itself with four major themes: (1) East Asia, with a special focus on China, Singapore, and Korea; (2) Eurasia’s transformation, with special attention to Afghanistan; (3) Japan’s transformation, with a particular concern for gender issues; and (4) the U.S.- Japan relationship from economic, security, and cultural dimensions. Our research program, coordinated most efficiently by Alexander Evans, was supported and deepened throughout the year with the strong support of our nine Visiting Scholars, four Reischauer Policy Research Fellows, and three excellent interns. 1 The major fruit of our East Asia regional research was Kent Calder’s new book, Singapore: Smart City, Smart State, published by the Brookings Institution Press in December 2016. This was based on three years of previous research, culminating in Professor Calder’s tenure as the 2016 Rajaratnam Professor of Strategic Studies at Nanyang University Singapore. The Reischauer Center also hosted Professor Stein Ringen of Oxford University, Ambassador Tsedendamba Batbayar from Mongolia, and journalist Atsushi Ijuin, a noted North Korea specialist, on East Asia-related topics. Ambassador Batbayar – October 20, 2016 Among the most dynamic and fruitful fields for Reischauer Center research this year concerned the emergence and deepening of trans-continental political-economic ties across the Eurasian continent. The Center organized and supported academic panels on Eurasian continentalism at the International Political Science Association (Poznan, Poland – July 2016); the International Studies Association Asia Conference (Hong Kong – June 2017); and the Association for Asian Studies Asia Conference (Seoul, South Korea – July 2017). The Center also published monographs by Visiting Scholar Dr. Jacopo Pepe (German Council on Foreign Relations) and Professor Kent Calder, both dealing in different respects with Sino-European relations. The Center likewise sponsored important lectures by Zalmay Khalilzad (former U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations), as well as the Afghan Ambassador to the United States, Hamdullah Mohib, on the complex political-economic situation in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Ambassador Mohib – November 2, 2016 2 Our third area of special emphasis this year was Japan’s own domestic transformation. The “graying” of Japan was one aspect of this initiative in the context of our healthcare course and conference offerings. Another related dimension revolved around the rising role of women in Japanese society. We were favored in this regard with a memorable seminar presentation by Mrs. Nobuko Sasae, chairperson of the Nobuko Forum and a noted conference interpreter, dealing with her own family’s transformation over the past three generations. Mrs. Sasae – November 3, 2016 As in past years – indeed, ever since the founding of the Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies, itself, in 1984 – U.S.-Japan relations have been our core concern, just as it was for our mentor and honorary founding chairman, Ambassador Edwin O. Reischauer. Although we are deeply concerned with broad global developments, our intellectual concerns ultimately come back to the central issue of how to stabilize and deepen the trans-Pacific relationship. This impulse guided our choice of health care as a special area of emphasis, as well as our two conferences on idea industries in comparative perspective, which were held in Washington, DC during February 2016 and in Tokyo during June 2017. Both were generously supported by the Japan Foundation CGP. This concern for U.S.-Japan relations also animated our seminar on the U.S. presidential election (November 2016), as well as our extensive series of Visiting Scholar Seminars (Spring 2017). And it is concern for U.S.-Japan relations, of course, that drives our publication of this yearbook, which has been surveying and highlighting the U.S.- Japan relationship in world affairs continuously for over thirty years. More than 45 years ago, I began studying Japan and U.S.-Japan relations in the shadow of the Nixon Shocks. As my mentor Edwin. O. Reischauer eloquently put it, Japan and the United States face each other only across an ocean… but it is the broadest ocean of them all. Traversing that ocean intellectually is a challenging task. I hope the reader will agree with me that this yearbook helps, in some small way, to bridge that chasm, whose parameters hold such fateful significance in the world of international affairs. Kent Calder Director, Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) 3 4 Reischauer Center Events 2016 – 2017 Date Speaker Title 9/7/2016 Zalmay Khalilzad The Envoy: From Kabul to the White House Former Ambassador to Afghanistan, – My Journey through a Turbulent World Iraq, and the United Nations 9/8/2016 Stein Ringen The Perfect Dictatorship: Professor Emeritus, China in the 21st Century University of Oxford 9/15/2016 Kent E. Calder