TheThe CrowdedCrowded Universe:Universe: TheThe SearchSearch forfor LivingLiving PlanetsPlanets

The FormationAlan P. Boss of PlanetaryDTM, Carnegie Systems Institution Heretic’s Approach to Solar System

FormationFFormPlanets Beyond the Solar System: The New Astronomical Revolution UC Santa Barbara, California March 27, 2010

Mayor & Queloz 1995 Marcy & Butler (1996)

Extrasolar Planet Discovery Space circa 2004

brown dwarfs

gas giant planets Planetary transits HD 209458b Charbonneau et al. 2000

Bakos et al. 2007

Discovery space with hot and warm super-Earths

gas giants HD 40307: 3 hot super-Earths with 4.2, 6.9, and 9.2 Earth- and a longer-period companion (Mayor et al. 2008)

hot & warm super-Earths b - first transiting hot super-Earth (Gillon et al. 2007) Discovery space Discoverywith hot and space warm with super-Earths latest discoveries and their added gas giant planet siblings

HD 181433: inner 7.5 Earth- and two outer Jupiters (Bouchy et al. 2009) HD 47186: inner 22 Earth-mass and outer Saturn (Bouchy et al. 2009)

Gl 436: solo? HD 69830 Mu Ara 55 Cnc Gl 876 Gravitational microlensing Microlensing detection with Warsaw 1.3m telescope, Las Campanas - 2004 DiscoveryDiscovery space with space planets with aroundlatest discoveries M dwarf stars added highlighted

cold Jupiters

OGLE-2005-BLG-071 GJ 876 OGLE-2003-BLG-235 GJ 317 OGLE-2005-BLG-071 GJ 849

GJ 876 OGLE-2006-BLG-109b,c

cold super-Earths GJ 436 GJ 581 GJ 176 OGLE-2005-BLG-169

GJ 876 OGLE-2005-BLG-390 MOA-2007-BLG-192 A5 star, 1.5 MSun

Marois et al. 2008: b ~ 7 MJup, c, d ~ 10 MJup

CNES/ESA’s CoRoT Mission CoRoT- Exo-7 b, the smallest radius transiting planet found to date: radius = 1.68 Earth-radii, mass = 4.8 Earth-masses, and a = 5.6 g/cc, close to that of Earth (5.5 g/cc) Kepler Mission launch - March 6, 2009 Venus transiting the on June 8, 2004 (Robert Traube image) KNASA’s Kepler Mission

New Artist’sNASA’s Space Rendering InterferometryMission

NASA’s TPF Coronagraph TPF Interferometer ESA’s Emma Darwin x-array Swain et al. (2008) - HD 189733 b with HST Nicmos Terrestrial Planet Imager?