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Species Composition of Amphibian in Gunungkelir Stream, Jatimulyo Village, Kulon Progo

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Species Composition of Amphibian in Gunungkelir Stream, Jatimulyo Village, Kulon Progo VOLUME 2 No. 1, 22 Desember 2012 Halaman 1-70 SPECIES COMPOSITION OF AMPHIBIAN IN GUNUNGKELIR STREAM, JA7,08/YO VILLAGE, .8/21352*2 Tony Febri Qurniawan dan Trijoko Laboratorium Taksonomi Hewan Fakultas Biologi Universitas GadMah Mada Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Gunungkelir stream is located in Jatimulyo village, western part of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province. The ecosystem that surrounds Gunungkelir stream looks natural and unpolluted, it is possible for good living environment of amphibians. However, the database about diversity of Amphibians in Gunungkelir stream has not been revealed. This research was done to study species diversity, species richness, species composition and distribution of amphibians in Gunungkelir stream as an effort to support the sustainability of amphibians live from extinction. The research was done on January-May 2009, at night. The VES (Visual Encounter Survey) method with line transects 250 m were used. A total 11 species of amphibians from 6 different amphibia families were identified. Phrynoidis aspera, Leptobrachium hasseltii and Hylarana chalconota are dominant species. The higest percentage of amphibians population was tadpole (38%), followed by male (35%), female (21%), and the least were juvenile (6%). During the survey, different species of amphibians were observed with their own range of spatial distribution. Keywords : Amphibi, community structure, Gunungkelir stream ABSTRAK Sungai GunungNelir terletaN di wilayah paling Earat 3ropinsi Daerah ,stimewa YogyaNarta. .ondisi lingNungan di seNitar sungai GunungNelir terlihat masih alami dan Eelum tercemar, sehingga memungNinNan hidup EeraneNaragam amfiEi. ANan tetapi, data mengenai NeaneNaragaman amfiEi yang hidup di seNitar sungai terseEut masih Eelum ada. 3enelitian ini EertuMuan untuN mengetahui Nemelimpahan Menis, NeNayaan Menis, Nomposisi Menis, dan distriEusi amfiEi yang hidup di sungai GunungNelir seEagai salah satu upaya menMaga Nelestarian amfiEi dari Nepunahan. 3enelitian dilaNuNan dari -anuari - 0ei 2009 secara aNtif pada malam hari. 0etode yang digunaNan adalah metode 9ES (9isual Encounter Survey) yang diNomEinasiNan dengan transeN 250 meter. Total 11 Menis amfiEi telah Eerhasil diidentifiNasi, yang terdiri dari 6 famili amfiEi yang EerEeda. 3hrynoidis aspera, /eptoErachium hasseltii dan Hylarana chalconota merupaNan Menis yang paling melimpah. 3ersentase populasi amfiEi paling Eesar Eerupa Eerudu (38%), selanMutnya Mantan (35%), Eetina (21%), dan paling sediNit Eerupa Muvenil (6%). Dari hasil pengamatan ternyata setiap Menis amfiEi memiliNi distriEusi spasial masing- masing. Kata kunci : Amfibi, struktur komunitas, sungai Gunungkelir 55 | VOL 2, NO. 1, DESEMBER 2012 ; 55-63 PENGANTAR Menis tersebut belum sempat dipelaMari Indonesia merupakan negara kedua lebih dalam lagi (Kurniati, 2006; Iskandar, terbesar di dunia akan keanekaragaman 2006). Kenyataan inilah yang mendorong hayati, baik flora, dan fauna. Diperkirakan untuk dilakukannya penelitian mempelaMari dari seluruh Mumlah flora dan fauna yang ada komposisi spesies amfibi di sepanMang di dunia 17% berada di Indonesia (Groobridge, aliran sungai Gunung Kelir Desa -atimulyo, 1992). Salah satu Menis keanekaragaman hayati Kabupaten Kulon Progo. TuMuan penelitian ini dari kelompok fauna yang ada di Indonesia adalah untuk mengungkap keanekaragaman, adalah amfibi. kekayaan, dan distribusi Menis amfibi yang Amfibi merupakan salah satu terdapat di lokasi penelitian kelompok fauna yang kurang dikenal dalam Pemilihan sungai Gunungkelir keanekaragaman hayati. Di dalam ekosistem, sebagai lokasi penelitian dikarenakan amfibi memiliki peranan yang penting kondisi lingkungan di sekitar sungai dalam menMaga keseimbangan lingkungan Gunungkelir terlihat masih alami dan dan memiliki nilai ekologis yang cukup belum tercemar, sehingga memungkinkan tinggi. Kurangnya peneliti dan penelitian hidup beranekaragam Menis amfibi. Selain tentang amfibi membuat keberadaan anura itu lokasi ini belum pernah dikaMi mengenai cenderung terabaikan. Padahal amfibi keanekaragaman hayati khususnya amfibi adalah kelompok binatang yang sangat peka yang ada di sana. Hasil penelitian ini terhadap perubahan lingkungan seperti diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi pencemaran air, pengrusakan habitat asli, mengenai data keanekaragaman, kekayaan, introduksi spesies eksotik, penyakit, dan status, dan komposisi Menis serta distribusi parasit (Stebbins & Cohen, 1995; Carrey, dkk: Menis amfibi yang terdapat di sepanMang aliran 2001; Corn, 2005; Cushman, 2006; Kusrini, sungai Gunung Kelir sebagai salah satu upaya dkk: 2008) serta perubahan iklim (Blaustein, dalam melengkapi data keanekaragaman dkk dalam Semlitsch, 2003). Kepekaan fauna herpetofauna di Yogyakarta. ini terhadap lingkungan menMadikannya Bertepatan dengan musim penghuMan sebagai indikator perubahan lingkungan yang yaitu pada bulan -anuari- Mei 2009 secara potensial. Oleh karena itu, amfibi merupakan aktif nokturnal (dari pukul 19.00-23.00 WIB) di fauna yang rentan terhadap kepunahan sepanMang aliran sungai Gunungkelir dengan dan peka terhadap perubahan lingkungan. empat lokasi sampling sebagai berikut: Secara nyata terbukti telah terMadi penurunan 1. Dusun Banyunganti, terletak pada posisi populasi dan keragaman Menis amfibi di dunia S 07o 45‘32.4“ dan E 110o 06‘40.9“ dengan seMak 1980-an (Gardner, 2001). Sedikitnya ketinggian 787 mdpl. Bagian hulu 1.856 Menis amfibi yang terancam punah, 113 sungai berupa mata air yang muncul dari Menis tidak ditemukan lagi akhir-akhir ini dalam goa. Sungai ini diMadikan sumber (Stuart, dkk: 2004). air bersih bagi penduduk di sekitarnya. Berdasarkan data IUCN (2008) tercatat Vegetasi riparian di sekitar sungai rapat 39 Menis amfibi dari Indonesia yang telah bahkan badan sungai tertutupi kanopi. masuk dalam kategori daftar merah atau red Lebar dan kedalaman sungai bervariasi list, diantaranya terdapat 33 Menis berstatus serta banyak sekali terdapat teluk dan genting atau threated. Di Pulau -awa air terMun kecil. diketahui terdapat 37 Menis katak dan kodok. 2. Perbatasan dusun Banyunganti dengan Dari Mumlah tersebut, 15 Menis di antaranya dusun Kembang, yang berada pada bersifat endemik, 2 Menis berstatus kritis atau posisi S 07o 45‘53.5“ dan E 110o 07‘02.8“ critically endangered, serta 3 Menis di antaranya dengan ketinggian 647 mdpl. Lebar dan saat ini sudah tidak ditemukan lagi. Tiga kedalaman sungai bervariasi. Secara 56 TONY FEBRI QURNIA:AN, TRIJOKO E SPECIES COMPOSITION OF AMPHIBIAN IN GUNUNGKELIR STREAM, JA7,08/YO VILLAGE, KULON PROGO umum topografi sungai ini agak curam Indeks diversitas dari Shannon Weaver serta masih banyak terdapat Meluk dan n n H' -= i xln i air terMun kecil. Vegetasi riparian masih å N N rapat, dan badan sungai banyak yang tertutupi kanopi. Keterangan : 3. Dusun Kembang. Lokasi terletak pada H‘ : ,ndeNs NeaneNaragaman Shannon-:iener posisi S 07o 45‘05.3“ dan E 110o 08‘44.4“ n : -umlah individu Menis ke-i dengan ketinggian 599 mdpl. Secara i N : -umlah individu seluruh Menis umum topografi sungai ini agak lebih landai serta banyak sekali terdapat Meluk Menurut Brower & Zarr (1997) indeks yang dalam. Di hulu sungai terdapat diversitas dikatakan tinggi Mika nilainya lebih air terMun dan sisi sebelah kiri terdapat dari 2,0 dan sedang Mika nilainya antara 1,5-2,0 tebing. Vegetasi riparian dibagian hulu sedangkan rendah Mika nilainya antara 1,0-1,5 sangat sedikit sedangkan dibagian dan sangat rendah Mika kurang dari 1,0. lainnya agak rapat. 4. Dusun Pringtali, terletak pada posisi S Indeks dissimilaritas Bray Curtis 07o 40‘31.9“ dan E 110o 09‘12.9“ dengan ketinggian 415 mdpl. Secara umum Si +S-2C j ij BCij = topografi sungai ini landai serta banyak Si +S j sekali terdapat batu-batu besar. Vegetasi Keterangan : ripariannya sedikit dan sungai menMadi BC : Indeks dissimilaritas Bray Curtis semakin lebar, sehingga badan sungai iM Si atau SM : -umlah individu Menis pada lokasi i tidak tertutupi kanopi (terbuka). atau M Pelaksanaan sampling menggunakan CiM : -umlah individu yang hanya ada metode VES (Visual Encounter Survey) dengan disalah satu tempat saMa line transect 250 meter di mana setiap 10 meter ditandai dengan bendera bernomer, Madi Menurut Field & McFarlane (1968) terdapat 25 transek dipasang disetiap lokasi. indeks Bray Curtis Mika nilainya beriksar Transek dipasang disepanMang tepian sungai antara 0 hingga 1. Nilai semakin mendekati pada siang hari sebelum sampling dilakukan. 1, maka komposisi spesies di antara kedua Sampling dilakukan pada malam hari. tempat semakin berbeda. Penyisiran dan pencarian anura dilakukan Analisis data menggunaNan Eantuan 15 m kanan dan kiri sungai sepanMang program S3SS 16.0. 8ntuN mengetahui adanya Malur transek yang dipasang. Pustaka sexual dimorphisme dilaNuNan T-test dengan yang digunakan sebagai ruMukan untuk tingNat Nepercayaan 99% antara S9/ Mantan mengidentifikasi antara lain: Kampen (1923) dengan Eetina. SedangNan data seNunder dan Iskandar (1998). Sedangkan penamaan parameter lingNungan Eerupa Nerapatan spesies meruMuk pendapat dari Iskandar vegetasi, leEar sungai serta suhu air dan udara (2006), (Frost, dkk :2006), dan IUCN (2008). diuNur di setiap loNasi sampling dan dianalisa Data yang diperoleh dan dianalisis terhadap NeNayaan Menis dengan uMi Norelasi menggunakan indeks diversitas Shannon 3earson dengan tingNat Nepercayaan 95%. Weaver dan indeks dissimilaritas Bray Curtis dengan menggunakan rumus sebagai berikut: 57 | VOL 2, NO. 1, DESEMBER 2012 ; 55-63 PEMBAHASAN Total telah berhasil teridentifikasi 11 Menis amfibi yang terdiri dari 2 Menis
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