General Facts About Latvia

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DIVERSE LATVIA The population of Latvia is only 0.4% of the total EU population. The total land area of Latvia is 64, 600 km². It is approximately CUS IR C R E 5 times smaller than Germany T IN and 2 times larger than Belgium. W The flag of Latvia is one of the oldest flags in the world. 13th Century Livonian Order Chronicles reference the use of the red white red flag that we still use today. Latvia is THE ONLY The national coat of arms BALTIC of Latvian combines symbols COUNTRY WITH national statehood as well as symbols of ancient historical districts. ITS OWN WINTER Latvia has over 1.2 million CIRCUS. dainas (folk songs) from over The winter circus was a thousand years ago. They built more than define and distinguish unique 100 years ago Latvian culture. in 1888. GENERAL FACTS ABOUT LATVIA AU KO VE TH U O O R N K T R R A A M The historic centre of Riga, One of the world’s best known artists, abstract a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is expressionist widely recognized as having MARK ROTHKO, the finest collection of WAS BORN IN ART NOUVEAU/ DAUGAVPILS, JUGENDSTIL Latvia (formerly known buildings in Europe. as Dvinsk) in 1903. RKET MA L OX A N R I T M N F E E C V The Latvian factory VEF (Valsts elektrotehniskā fabrika) manufactured The Riga Central Market (Centrāltirgus), also part of UNESCO’s THE WORLD’s World Heritage designation, is FIRST THE LARGEST MARKET MINIATURE AND BAZAAR IN THE CAMERA – the BALTICS AND ONE OF VEF MINOX from THE LARGEST OPEN- 1937 to 1943. The Minox was notorious AIR MARKETS IN as a spy camera and EUROPE (72.3 thousand m²). today is a popular The main pavilions were completed collectible. It was in 1930 by reusing old World War 1 invented by Baltic Zeppelin hangars. German Walter Zapp. Latvian Presidency of the Council of the European Union The State Chancellery of Latvia, 2014.

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THE WORLD KNOWS LATVIA BY... Text by Phd Raimonds Cerüzis
Inventors from Latvia. Scientific, cultural and other achievements. THE WORLD KNOWS LATVIA BY... Text by PhD Raimonds Cerüzis The world’s oldest civilisations have understood that a nation’s greatest treasure is its people. Latvia is an exceptional example of how great people and great ideas are often born in relatively small countries. Over the centuries, Latvia’s geopolitical situation has been shaped by its strategic Baltic Sea location at the crossroads of trade and conflicting large power interests. The dynamic forces that forged Latvia’s turbulent history have produced a unique set of values, traits and characteristics in its people and have led to their recognition around the world. This is just a brief look at the achievements and contributions of some of the world famous scientists, inventors, artists, athletes, and businessmen whose lives originated or were influenced by Latvia. Also notable are those exhibiting a characteristically Latvian attribute—a passion for exploration, innovation and adventure. The invention of Technical and scientific nitrate fertilisers and a c h i e v e m e n t s Wilhelm Ostwald ( 1 8 5 3 Ð 1 9 3 2 ) The outstanding Rîga-born chemist Wilhelm Ostwald, professor at The world’s smallest mechanical camera, Rîga Polytechnic and Leipzig University, worked intensively from 1875 on the Minox, and its inventor the analysis of catalytic chemical processes and discovered the Walter Zapp fundamental laws of homogenous catalysis of acids and bases, without (1905Ð2003) which the modern-day chemical industry is unimaginable. The method of obtaining nitric acid devised by Ostwald (the ‘Ostwald Process’) was first applied during the First World War for making explosives.
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1608-2017 Multi-Functional Binoculars and Telescopes in the Past Four Centuries: a Global Overview
(1) 1608-2017 Multi-functional binoculars and telescopes in the past four centuries: a global overview Dr. Gijs van Ginkel BHS meeting , Münich, Germany October 2017 (2) TOPICS ADDRESSED: • (A) 1608-1900 Short historical overview of binocular/telescope designs • (B) Binoculars with multiple magnifications • ( C) Photo binoculars • (D) Binoculars/telescopes as a support for photography or measuring instruments • (E) Spectacle binoculars • (F) Musical binoculars • (G) Range finding binoculars • (H) Miscellaneous (3) TWO QUESTIONS FOR LISTENERS WHO FIND THIS A BORING TOPIC: (a) WHAT IS THE CALIBER OF THE CARTRIDGE SHOWN LEFT (b) FROM WHAT COMPANY IS THE LOGO SHOWN RIGHT (4) 1608: First binoculars in history made by spectacle maker Hans Lipperhey (Middelburg, The Netherlands). 1625: Oldest binocular picture found so far (1625 by Daniel Chorez, Paris) (5) 1610-1800: binocular production is not very abundant. Some examples: Binocular telescopes in rectangular case (made by Chérubin dÓrleans- France, Patroni-Italy and Dobler-Germany). (6) Examples of 17-th century binoculars: Left: binocular made by Chérubin d’Orléans (France 1677) Right: binocular made by D. Selva (Italy 1758) (7) 1611-1615: Johannes Keppler designs astronomical and terrestrial telescope 1610: Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) improves Lipperhey design and uses his astronomical telescopes for the well-known study of stars and planets (8) OPTICAL CONSTRUCTION OF KEPPLER TELESCOPES: (a) astronomical telescope (image up-side down) (b) terrestrial telescope (image erect) (9) Examples of telescopes made between 1600 and 1900 (many more to find in “A certain instrument for seeing far”, see references) (10) 1807- 1810: Jean Gabriel Chevallier (France, 1778-1848) designs and patents compact binocular.
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Minox Kat Klass 09-01 E RZ
Graphic Design: Heussinger, Solms / Photography: Binhack Studios, Solms For further details please contact your MINOX specialist: T HE CLASSIC CAMERAS Design, features, supply and price are subject to change. Walter-Zapp-Straße 4 D-35578 Wetzlar Telefon ++49 64 41 / 917-0 Telefax ++49 64 41 / 917-612 e-mail [email protected] Internet http://www.minox.com 960 209 X/01/FY/B Ur-MINOX M INOX PAST, PRESENT UND FUTURE Dr. h.c. Walter Zapp, the inventor of the subminiature camera MINOX, was born on September 4th, 1905 in Riga (Latvia) MINOX CAMERAS A camera that has ambitions to become a classic THE MAKING OF has to feature an ingenious design which will ent- huse photographers for years to come. A CLASSIC CAMERA The concept at MINOX has always been to provide cameras with the smallest possible dimensions, demonstrating absolute precision and a top-class design. That’s MINOX. Past, present, future. There’s always a clever mind behind every classic design. And the MINOX story must always be told with reference to the name Walter Zapp.The legen- dary designer who wrote photographic history with his revolutionary invention of the first Ur-MINOX in 1938. The ingenious idea was to be seen in its dimensions. A camera smaller than a cigar and weighing less than a cigarette lighter.And featuring an excellent lens. This was a stroke of lasting genius - as the MINOX ECX and the MINOX CLX still proof today. And of course, it was no surprise to see these minia- ture cameras with the 8x11mm film format go on to become world famous as espionage cameras.
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Latvian Academy of SCIENCES of Sciences
2 3 LATVIAN ACADEMY Prof. Ojārs SPĀRĪTIS, Dr.habil.art., President of the Latvian Academy OF SCIENCES of Sciences The mission of the Latvian Academy of Sciences is to identify, select and unite distinguished The Latvian Academy of Sciences was established in 1946, soon after the Second World scientists at a national level, to carry out scientific expertise in a number of fields, War, when European economies were in need of new technologies and inventions to care about development and promotion of national science, and to endorse in order to renew the state and its functions and revitalise the societies. In the implementation of the national science policy which enables competitiveness following almost 50 years, the Latvian Academy of Sciences held a significant and growth of the national economy of Latvia internationally. place in the system of the socialist state, exercising functions characteristic to the Ministry of Science, and in order to achieve strategic objectives set by the state, performed the role of a link between scientific research and production. In 1992, after the renewal of the independence of the Republic of Latvia, the Latvian Academy of Sciences was transformed into a European-style personal Academy. The academy was in charge of the functions delegated by the state and its activities were aimed at development of measures to maintain a highly qualified academic community. The Latvian Academy of Sciences in cooperation with policy makers, government institutions, entrepreneurs, foreign partners and research institutions actively implements the European research and development policies. As a social partner, expert and communicator the Latvian Academy of Sciences supports development of the national economy and promotes scientific achievements, thus assisting in building of a sustainable society and overall welfare of the state.
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MINOX MEMO the Journal of the Minox Historical Society
MINOX MEMO The Journal Of The Minox Historical Society Gratis to registered members of the MHS. To join, visit MINOX.ORG VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2, SERIES 2 SPRING / 2002 Through a Chinese Arch – LX / Minocolor Pro 100 -- Peter D. Zimmerman building (which is physically joined to my own). The A Letter From Your President horrible incidents of last fall had me putting in far too Peter D. Zimmerman long days with much too little energy to write. President I am delighted to be the first president of MHS, and am ear Fellow Minoxers: even happier that so many Minoxers have gathered together to celebrate the cameras we love, the company D that makes them, and the grand old engineer who invented the first Minox more than 60 years ago in a This is the President’s Letter that should have appeared vanished world. The capabilities of the Minox 8x11 in the first issue of the Memo and would have if cameras are legendary, whether you’re thinking of the September 11 hadn’t happened, and if my office at the marvelous ability to capture an image on a tiny scrap of US Senate hadn’t been evacuated a few weeks later film and then enlarge it to fill a wall, or whether you have because of the anthrax contamination in the next in mind the more nefarious image of Minox as a spy VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2, SERIES 2 MINOX MEMO SPRING / 2002 camera in the hands of Oleg Penkovskiy, John Walker, or Helen MacInnes’s heroine in her novel North from In this Minox Memo Rome.
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Designed in Latvia 2016 M.Pdf
LIAA Kat.DIZ 2017 copy.pdf 1 5/2/17 10:40 AM C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Developments in Latvian design are founded on the country’s rich craft traditions which are now closely linked to growth in Latvia’s industry. In recent years, since the country became independent, designers and manufacturers have been cooperating more and more closely – a trend that has been particularly noticeable in the textile and furniture industries, in light industry, and also in printing and publishing. Design promotes a public sense of wellbeing through the creation of products that are highly valued in terms of aesthetics. However, in addition to aesthetic values, design is also important in promoting competitiveness in entrepreneurship and the production of user-friendly products, subject to the principles of sustained development. Accordingly, design has been included in the State Cultural Guidelines for 2014-2020 as a creative industry. Good design is undoubtedly one of the key elements for business success, and so improving cooperation between manufacturers and designers has been made one of priorities of the Investment and Development Agency of Latvia (LIAA). One of LIAA’s challenges is to encourage the integration of design into the development of a national innovation system, as well as searching for new areas of activity, promoting high-quality design based on national culture and identity, and encouraging industrial development. Anyone interested in Latvian success stories is invited to visit the Magnetic Latvia site hosted by LIAA at https://www.facebook.com/magneticlatvia for information about current developments and trends in Latvia’s design and other sectors.
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February 2019 Issue of Techdirections (Page
technically speaking Vanessa Revelli [email protected] In December the Committee on STEM Education of the cific set of objectives and National Science & Technology Council released a report priority Federal actions for titled Charting a Course for Success: America’s Strategy for achieving these goals. STEM Education. I would like to share a few excerpts, so Develop and Enrich you understand why it was created, and what they hope it Strategic Partnerships will achieve. This pathway focuses on The pace of innovation is accelerating globally, and strengthening existing relationships and developing new with it the competition for scientific and technical talent. connections between educational institutions, employers, Now more than ever the innovation capacity of the United and their communities. States—and its prosperity and security—depends on an Engage Students where Disciplines Converge effective and inclusive STEM education ecosystem. This pathway seeks to make STEM learning more The Federal Government has a key role to play in fur- meaningful and inspiring to students by focusing on thering STEM education by working in partnership with complex real-world problems and challenges that require stakeholders at all levels and seeking to remove barriers initiative and creativity. to participation in STEM careers, especially for women Build Computational Literacy and other underrepresented groups. Accordingly, this This pathway recognizes how thoroughly digital devic- report sets out a Federal strategy for the next five years es and the internet have transformed society and adopts based on a vision for a future where all Americans will strategies that empower learners to take maximum ad- have lifelong access to high-quality STEM education and vantage of this change.
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Gada Pårskats Annual Report
LATVIJAS REPUBLIKAS PATENTU VALDE PATENT OFFICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA GADA PÅRSKATS ANNUAL REPORT 2000–2001 LATVIJAS REPUBLIKAS PATENTU VALDE PATENT OFFICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA GADA PÅRSKATS ANNUAL REPORT 2000–2001 LATVIJAS REPUBLIKAS PATENTU VALDE Citadeles iela 7/70 Rîga, LV-1010 a/k 824 LATVIJA Sagatavots un iespiests: a/s “Preses nams” poligråfijas grupa Jåña séta CONTENTS SATURS CONTENTS SATURS Introduction 6 Ievads 6 Board of Appeals 10 Apelåcijas padome 10 Department for examination Izgudrojumu ekspertîzes of inventions 15 noda¬a 15 Department of Trademarks Preçu zîmju and Industrial Designs 21 un dizainparaugu noda¬a 21 Trademarks 23 Preçu zîmes 23 Industrial Designs 28 Dizainparaugi 28 Department of State Registers Valsts re©istru un and Documentation 31 dokumentåcijas noda¬a 31 Department for Information Informåcijas un redakcijas and Editorship 35 noda¬a 35 Department of Automation Automatizåcijas un and Computer Networking 37 datortîkla noda¬a 37 Chronology 38 Hronolo©ija 38 Financial Activities 42 Finansiålå darbîba 42 Inventors Izgudrotåji Walter Zapp and Minox 44 Valters Caps un Minox 44 Structure of the Patent Office 46 Patentu valdes struktüra 46 5 IEVADS INTRODUCTION IEVADS INTRODUCTION Latvijas Patentu valde aizvadîjusi 10 darba gadus. The Latvian Patent Office has been functioning for ten Noslédzies arî kårtéjais divgadu cikls (2000.–2001.), years now. Another two-year period (2000–2001) has kad, sekojot tradîcijai, par ßådu laika posmu dodam come to an end, and by tradition we are giving an valdes darba analîtisku apskatu. analytical report on the Patent Office’s work during this Íajå laika posmå izgudrojumu un preçu zîmju period.
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LATVIA (Latvija)
CLASSROOM COUNTRY PROFILES LATVIA (Latvija) Latvia is in northeastern Europe on the Baltic Sea. It is a member of both the European Union and NATO. Latvia recently gained interna- tional notoriety for its dramatic budget cuts after the European eco- nomic crisis; economists debate over the merits of government auster- ity, but Latvia is currently among the fastest growing economies in Eu- rope. About 45% of Latvia is covered by trees and 38% is farmland; forest products and agricultural production make up a significant por- tion of Latvia’s economy, while the importance of pharmaceuticals, robotics, and information technology is growing. Latvia’s national cho- ral song festivals have given it a reputation of “the land that sings”; in 2014, Latvia will host the World Choral Games. There is no state religion in Latvia. Most of the population rarely, if ever, Population: 2 million attends church services. While the government reports that a majority are Area: slightly larger than West Virginia atheists, religious organizations claim otherwise: 294 Lutheran congrega- Capital: Riga (pop. 700,000) tions claim a membership of 714,000; 250 Roman Catholic congregations Languages: Latvian (official) claim 500,000, and 122 Russian Orthodox congregations claim 370,000. Small, but active congregations include Old Believer Orthodox, Baptist, pagan (Dievturi), Seventh Day Adventist, Mormon, Methodist, Pentecostal, Muslim, Judaism, and others. Since 1991, the education system has undergone a variety of reforms, including a shift to active and conscientious learning in place of rote-learning. The word, “Latvian” can denote citizenship, ethnicity or language. Accord- Nine-year basic education is compulsory (ages 7- ing to the 2011 census, 84% of the population are citizens; 295,000 (14%) 16).
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On the Peculiarities of Latvian Drinking Culture
Proem Co-funded by the Latvian State Satori Internet Magazine Editorial Staff Centenary Programme Ilmārs Šlāpins, Elizabete Lukšo-Ražinska, Anna Andersone Being Together Translator Lauris Veips with Your Country English Editor Suzanne McQuade With the decision to celebrate our country’s centenary not just for a Project Management single day but for an entire year, we have afforded ourselves a great Elizabete Lukšo-Ražinska, Zaiga Pūce, opportunity – to notice something more than just a symbol on a Latvian Centenary Paula Jansone calendar, a flag, or the map of the world representing the idea of a Information Centre country. Latvian National Library Typefaces We have found the time to think about what exactly happens Mūkusalas iela 3, 1st floor, Rīga Freight, Lapture to a country when we observe it in a temporal perspective. Thus it becomes clearer that a state – even such a small and shy little coun- +371 673 303 50 Paper try like Latvia – is a changing entity that cannot be concealed behind +371 220 138 89 Maestro print 190 g/m2, Maestro print 90 g/m2 the frame of a definition. Yes, it is much harder to love. It has good and bad days. It has its own characteristic features, some that might [email protected] Design make an honest person ashamed. Not only does it have dreams of lv100.lv Kārlis Dovnorovičs, “You Made My Day” the future, but also its grey everyday routine and dark spots in its his- tory. It is difficult for us to capture and describe it, because a pressed Publisher flower is but a dried plant, ready to crumble between our fingers.
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Latvian Academy of SCIENCES of Sciences
1 2 3 LATVIAN ACADEMY Prof. Ojārs SPĀRĪTIS, Dr.habil.art., President of the Latvian Academy OF SCIENCES of Sciences The mission of the Latvian Academy of Sciences is to identify, select and unite distinguished The Latvian Academy of Sciences was established in 1946, soon after the Second World scientists at a national level, to carry out scientific expertise in a number of fields, War, when European economies were in need of new technologies and inventions to care about development and promotion of national science, and to endorse in order to renew the state and its functions and revitalise the societies. In the implementation of the national science policy which enables competitiveness following almost 50 years, the Latvian Academy of Sciences held a significant and growth of the national economy of Latvia internationally. place in the system of the socialist state, exercising functions characteristic to the Ministry of Science, and in order to achieve strategic objectives set by the state, performed the role of a link between scientific research and production. In 1992, after the renewal of the independence of the Republic of Latvia, the Latvian Academy of Sciences was transformed into a European-style personal Academy. The academy was in charge of the functions delegated by the state and its activities were aimed at development of measures to maintain a highly qualified academic community. The Latvian Academy of Sciences in cooperation with policy makers, government institutions, entrepreneurs, foreign partners and research institutions actively implements the European research and development policies. As a social partner, expert and communicator the Latvian Academy of Sciences supports development of the national economy and promotes scientific achievements, thus assisting in building of a sustainable society and overall welfare of the state.
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Epasuperfinaal8 1-34
Sisukord Content EESSÕNA 4 PATENDIAMET 6 STRUKTUUR 7 TÖÖSTUSOMANDI ÕIGUSKAITSE 8 RAHVUSVAHELINE KOOSTÖÖ 12 LEIUTISED 16 KAUBAMÄRGID, TÖÖSTUSDISAINILAHENDUSED JA GEOGRAAFILISED TÄHISED 19 TÖÖSTUSOMANDI APELLATSIOONIKOMISJON 23 AMETLIKUD VÄLJAANDED JA ÜLDSUSE TEAVITAMINE 29 INFOTEHNOLOOGIA 27 TULUD JA KULUD 28 PERSONAL 29 PATENDIAMETI 81. AASTAPÄEV 31 WALTER ZAPP 95 32 PATENDIVOLINIKUD 33 TULEVIKUVÄLJAVAATED 34 FOREWORD 4 THE ESTONIAN PATENT OFFICE 6 STRUCTURE 7 PROTECTION OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY 8 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 12 INVENTIONS 16 TRADEMARKS, INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS AND GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS 19 INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY BOARD OF APPEAL 23 OFFICIAL GAZETTES AND GENERAL INFORMATION POLICY 25 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 27 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE 28 STAFF 29 THE 81ST ANNIVERSARY OF THE ESTONIAN PATENT OFFICE 31 WALTER ZAPP 95 32 PATENT ATTORNEYS 33 FUTURE PROSPECTS 34 / 3 / Eessõna Foreword Patendiamet astub huvitatud ja asjatundliku lugeja The Estonian Patent Office presents the conse- ette oma järjekordse, arvult neljanda aastaraamatuga. quent – the 4th in line annual report to the gentle and Tahame loota, et meie kolm eelmist aastaraamatut on competent readers. We hope that the three previous juba andnud avalikkusele teatava ettekujutuse sellest, annual reports have provided the publicity an idea of milline on olnud meie töö nüüd juba üheksa aasta our work during the nine years, our future prospects jooksul. Ka ühte-teist meie tuleviku väljavaadetest ning and plans. We have to admit that everything is chan- kavadest, sest paraku tuleb tõepoolest tunnistada, et ging all the time whether we like it or not and it app- pidevalt on midagi muutumas, meeldib see meile või lies also to the Patent Office. We have given you an mitte, ning see käib ka patendiameti kohta.
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