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THE WORLD KNOWS LATVIA BY... Text by Phd Raimonds Cerüzis
Inventors from Latvia. Scientific, cultural and other achievements. THE WORLD KNOWS LATVIA BY... Text by PhD Raimonds Cerüzis The world’s oldest civilisations have understood that a nation’s greatest treasure is its people. Latvia is an exceptional example of how great people and great ideas are often born in relatively small countries. Over the centuries, Latvia’s geopolitical situation has been shaped by its strategic Baltic Sea location at the crossroads of trade and conflicting large power interests. The dynamic forces that forged Latvia’s turbulent history have produced a unique set of values, traits and characteristics in its people and have led to their recognition around the world. This is just a brief look at the achievements and contributions of some of the world famous scientists, inventors, artists, athletes, and businessmen whose lives originated or were influenced by Latvia. Also notable are those exhibiting a characteristically Latvian attribute—a passion for exploration, innovation and adventure. The invention of Technical and scientific nitrate fertilisers and a c h i e v e m e n t s Wilhelm Ostwald ( 1 8 5 3 Ð 1 9 3 2 ) The outstanding Rîga-born chemist Wilhelm Ostwald, professor at The world’s smallest mechanical camera, Rîga Polytechnic and Leipzig University, worked intensively from 1875 on the Minox, and its inventor the analysis of catalytic chemical processes and discovered the Walter Zapp fundamental laws of homogenous catalysis of acids and bases, without (1905Ð2003) which the modern-day chemical industry is unimaginable. The method of obtaining nitric acid devised by Ostwald (the ‘Ostwald Process’) was first applied during the First World War for making explosives. -
1608-2017 Multi-Functional Binoculars and Telescopes in the Past Four Centuries: a Global Overview
(1) 1608-2017 Multi-functional binoculars and telescopes in the past four centuries: a global overview Dr. Gijs van Ginkel BHS meeting , Münich, Germany October 2017 (2) TOPICS ADDRESSED: • (A) 1608-1900 Short historical overview of binocular/telescope designs • (B) Binoculars with multiple magnifications • ( C) Photo binoculars • (D) Binoculars/telescopes as a support for photography or measuring instruments • (E) Spectacle binoculars • (F) Musical binoculars • (G) Range finding binoculars • (H) Miscellaneous (3) TWO QUESTIONS FOR LISTENERS WHO FIND THIS A BORING TOPIC: (a) WHAT IS THE CALIBER OF THE CARTRIDGE SHOWN LEFT (b) FROM WHAT COMPANY IS THE LOGO SHOWN RIGHT (4) 1608: First binoculars in history made by spectacle maker Hans Lipperhey (Middelburg, The Netherlands). 1625: Oldest binocular picture found so far (1625 by Daniel Chorez, Paris) (5) 1610-1800: binocular production is not very abundant. Some examples: Binocular telescopes in rectangular case (made by Chérubin dÓrleans- France, Patroni-Italy and Dobler-Germany). (6) Examples of 17-th century binoculars: Left: binocular made by Chérubin d’Orléans (France 1677) Right: binocular made by D. Selva (Italy 1758) (7) 1611-1615: Johannes Keppler designs astronomical and terrestrial telescope 1610: Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) improves Lipperhey design and uses his astronomical telescopes for the well-known study of stars and planets (8) OPTICAL CONSTRUCTION OF KEPPLER TELESCOPES: (a) astronomical telescope (image up-side down) (b) terrestrial telescope (image erect) (9) Examples of telescopes made between 1600 and 1900 (many more to find in “A certain instrument for seeing far”, see references) (10) 1807- 1810: Jean Gabriel Chevallier (France, 1778-1848) designs and patents compact binocular. -
International Spy Museum
International Spy Museum Searchable Master Script, includes all sections and areas Area Location, ID, Description Labels, captions, and other explanatory text Area 1 – Museum Lobby M1.0.0.0 ΚΑΤΆΣΚΟΠΟΣ SPY SPION SPIJUN İSPİYON SZPIEG SPIA SPION ESPION ESPÍA ШПИОН Language of Espionage, printed on SCHPION MAJASUSI windows around entrance doors P1.1.0.0 Visitor Mission Statement For Your Eyes Only For Your Eyes Only Entry beyond this point is on a need-to-know basis. Who needs to know? All who would understand the world. All who would glimpse the unseen hands that touch our lives. You will learn the secrets of tradecraft – the tools and techniques that influence battles and sway governments. You will uncover extraordinary stories hidden behind the headlines. You will meet men and women living by their wits, lurking in the shadows of world affairs. More important, however, are the people you will not meet. The most successful spies are the unknown spies who remain undetected. Our task is to judge their craft, not their politics – their skill, not their loyalty. Our mission is to understand these daring professionals and their fallen comrades, to recognize their ingenuity and imagination. Our goal is to see past their maze of mirrors and deception to understand their world of intrigue. Intelligence facts written on glass How old is spying? First record of spying: 1800 BC, clay tablet from Hammurabi regarding his spies. panel on left side of lobby First manual on spy tactics written: Over 2,000 years ago, Sun Tzu’s The Art of War. 6 video screens behind glass panel with facts and images. -
Latvian Academy of SCIENCES of Sciences
2 3 LATVIAN ACADEMY Prof. Ojārs SPĀRĪTIS, Dr.habil.art., President of the Latvian Academy OF SCIENCES of Sciences The mission of the Latvian Academy of Sciences is to identify, select and unite distinguished The Latvian Academy of Sciences was established in 1946, soon after the Second World scientists at a national level, to carry out scientific expertise in a number of fields, War, when European economies were in need of new technologies and inventions to care about development and promotion of national science, and to endorse in order to renew the state and its functions and revitalise the societies. In the implementation of the national science policy which enables competitiveness following almost 50 years, the Latvian Academy of Sciences held a significant and growth of the national economy of Latvia internationally. place in the system of the socialist state, exercising functions characteristic to the Ministry of Science, and in order to achieve strategic objectives set by the state, performed the role of a link between scientific research and production. In 1992, after the renewal of the independence of the Republic of Latvia, the Latvian Academy of Sciences was transformed into a European-style personal Academy. The academy was in charge of the functions delegated by the state and its activities were aimed at development of measures to maintain a highly qualified academic community. The Latvian Academy of Sciences in cooperation with policy makers, government institutions, entrepreneurs, foreign partners and research institutions actively implements the European research and development policies. As a social partner, expert and communicator the Latvian Academy of Sciences supports development of the national economy and promotes scientific achievements, thus assisting in building of a sustainable society and overall welfare of the state. -
MINOX MEMO the Journal of the Minox Historical Society
MINOX MEMO The Journal Of The Minox Historical Society Gratis to registered members of the MHS. To join, visit MINOX.ORG VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2, SERIES 2 SPRING / 2002 Through a Chinese Arch – LX / Minocolor Pro 100 -- Peter D. Zimmerman building (which is physically joined to my own). The A Letter From Your President horrible incidents of last fall had me putting in far too Peter D. Zimmerman long days with much too little energy to write. President I am delighted to be the first president of MHS, and am ear Fellow Minoxers: even happier that so many Minoxers have gathered together to celebrate the cameras we love, the company D that makes them, and the grand old engineer who invented the first Minox more than 60 years ago in a This is the President’s Letter that should have appeared vanished world. The capabilities of the Minox 8x11 in the first issue of the Memo and would have if cameras are legendary, whether you’re thinking of the September 11 hadn’t happened, and if my office at the marvelous ability to capture an image on a tiny scrap of US Senate hadn’t been evacuated a few weeks later film and then enlarge it to fill a wall, or whether you have because of the anthrax contamination in the next in mind the more nefarious image of Minox as a spy VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2, SERIES 2 MINOX MEMO SPRING / 2002 camera in the hands of Oleg Penkovskiy, John Walker, or Helen MacInnes’s heroine in her novel North from In this Minox Memo Rome. -
Baltic Report
BALTIC SCENE REPORT 2017-2018 FIND OUT: The Biggest LONGER Funding Deals The Most Active VCs READS ON: in the Baltics How tech runs Hand-picked Startups deep in Latvia to Watch How Lithuanians have managed Inspiring Corporate to raise 500M in ICOs Innovation Cases How digital nomads praise And more... e-residency in Estonia 2 "The Baltics is one of the most actively developing regions we’ve seen in recent years, and that’s because the ecosystem is quite advanced and in a stage where all the actors needed are there - you’ve got the VCs, the banks, the founders, the universities, and you’ve got markets where you can test-trial any viable products." Fabio Pianesi Research Director at EIT Digital" he Baltic startup ecosystem is often lauded as a booming space, filled with perspective and tech talent. While each country of the Baltics - Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania - has conducted its own research into its startup ecosystem, it is rarely analyzed as aT whole, and benchmarked against surrounding regions. By understanding where the Baltics stand compared to neighbouring regions, such as the Nordics and Central and Eastern Europe, we’re able to provide more precise insight to the state of the region, its progress, its potential, and ultimately, it’s status in the world of startups. This report, created by EIT Digital in collaboration with Startup Wise Guys, aims to provide of the state of the Baltics in startups to any onlookers, as well as participants of that ecosystem themselves. This will let us make better jud- gments about investments and possible growth channels for Baltic startups and scale ups. -
Inventors' Societies, Exhibitions, Patents and the Rationalizers
HISTORY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND INSTITUTIONS OF No. 4, Sept. 2020, pp. 31–54 HIGHER EDUCATION https://doi.org/10.7250/HESIHE.2020.003 2020/4 DEVELOPMENT OF INVENTORS’ ACTIVITIES IN LATVIA: INVENTORS’ SOCIETIES, EXHIBITIONS, PATENTS AND THE RATIONALIZERS’ MOVEMENT IVANS GRIŅEVIČS* Latvian Association for the History of Science Summary. The article introduces inventors’ activities and inventors’ societies in Latvia in the 18th century, when it was part of tsarist Russia, until 2019. There is only one study on inventors’ activities, which includes the interwar period. There are many engineers among inventors, and this study reflects the participation of students, graduates and lecturers of Riga Polytechnicum (RP), Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and Riga Technical University (RTU) in inventors’ activities. The research provides an insight into the history of protection of inventions, inventors’ activities, international exhibitions of inventions and innovations, activities of inventors’ societies. Keywords: exhibitions of inventions, inventors’ societies, Riga Polytechnic In- stitute, Riga Technical University. Introduction The history of scientific-technological inventions and the protection of rights of inventors go deep into the past. In the territory of present- day Latvia, the protection of inventions began in the 18th century when Latvia was part of tsarist Russia and inventions were protected by a privilege (patent name in Russia until 1917). When the Republic of Latvia was established, the authorship of inventions and the author’s right to an invention were protected by a legal document – a patent. After World War II, when Latvia was part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), inventors’ activities were wide spread, and so was the rationalization movement. -
MINOX MEMO the Journal of the Minox Historical Society
MINOX MEMO The Journal Of The Minox Historical Society Gratis to registered members of the MHS. To join, visit MINOX.ORG VOLUME 1, NUMBER 3, SERIES 2 SUMMER / 2002 MINOX: A TOOL USED BY THE MASTER OF TECHNO-THRILLERS! VOLUME 1, NUMBER 3, SERIES 2 MINOX MEMO SUMMER / 2002 Steve Uhrig other with factoids of various pieces of military or law Member Executive Committee enforcement technology. f Tom Clancy didn't exactly invent the genre now I recalled Tom had made an obscure reference to a known as the techno-thriller, he certainly has done Minox camera into his first novel, The Hunt for Red Imore than most authors to firmly establish it as a October. In it, some analysts are examining surveillance highly successful and popular style of writing. This photos of a Russian sub when one comments 'Well, unknown former insurance salesman came out of these weren't taken with a Minox.' I got the sense that nowhere with his stunningly successful debut novel, The Tom, like many of the public, recognized a Minox as a Hunt for Red October, and has since firmly established camera that was used in espionage work, but didn't himself as an internationally known, and extremely know much else about it. successful author of riveting political techno-thriller novels. The Hunt for Red October, Patriot Games and For his birthday last year (2001) I presented him with a Clear and Present Danger are just a few of his novels Marty Doctor-restored Minox Model B and a full kit of which have been turned into major films, every bit as accessories: flash, cases, film, mailers, flash bulbs, successful as the novels which spawned them. -
Designed in Latvia 2016 M.Pdf
LIAA Kat.DIZ 2017 copy.pdf 1 5/2/17 10:40 AM C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Developments in Latvian design are founded on the country’s rich craft traditions which are now closely linked to growth in Latvia’s industry. In recent years, since the country became independent, designers and manufacturers have been cooperating more and more closely – a trend that has been particularly noticeable in the textile and furniture industries, in light industry, and also in printing and publishing. Design promotes a public sense of wellbeing through the creation of products that are highly valued in terms of aesthetics. However, in addition to aesthetic values, design is also important in promoting competitiveness in entrepreneurship and the production of user-friendly products, subject to the principles of sustained development. Accordingly, design has been included in the State Cultural Guidelines for 2014-2020 as a creative industry. Good design is undoubtedly one of the key elements for business success, and so improving cooperation between manufacturers and designers has been made one of priorities of the Investment and Development Agency of Latvia (LIAA). One of LIAA’s challenges is to encourage the integration of design into the development of a national innovation system, as well as searching for new areas of activity, promoting high-quality design based on national culture and identity, and encouraging industrial development. Anyone interested in Latvian success stories is invited to visit the Magnetic Latvia site hosted by LIAA at https://www.facebook.com/magneticlatvia for information about current developments and trends in Latvia’s design and other sectors. -
February 2019 Issue of Techdirections (Page
technically speaking Vanessa Revelli [email protected] In December the Committee on STEM Education of the cific set of objectives and National Science & Technology Council released a report priority Federal actions for titled Charting a Course for Success: America’s Strategy for achieving these goals. STEM Education. I would like to share a few excerpts, so Develop and Enrich you understand why it was created, and what they hope it Strategic Partnerships will achieve. This pathway focuses on The pace of innovation is accelerating globally, and strengthening existing relationships and developing new with it the competition for scientific and technical talent. connections between educational institutions, employers, Now more than ever the innovation capacity of the United and their communities. States—and its prosperity and security—depends on an Engage Students where Disciplines Converge effective and inclusive STEM education ecosystem. This pathway seeks to make STEM learning more The Federal Government has a key role to play in fur- meaningful and inspiring to students by focusing on thering STEM education by working in partnership with complex real-world problems and challenges that require stakeholders at all levels and seeking to remove barriers initiative and creativity. to participation in STEM careers, especially for women Build Computational Literacy and other underrepresented groups. Accordingly, this This pathway recognizes how thoroughly digital devic- report sets out a Federal strategy for the next five years es and the internet have transformed society and adopts based on a vision for a future where all Americans will strategies that empower learners to take maximum ad- have lifelong access to high-quality STEM education and vantage of this change. -
Gada Pårskats Annual Report
LATVIJAS REPUBLIKAS PATENTU VALDE PATENT OFFICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA GADA PÅRSKATS ANNUAL REPORT 2000–2001 LATVIJAS REPUBLIKAS PATENTU VALDE PATENT OFFICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA GADA PÅRSKATS ANNUAL REPORT 2000–2001 LATVIJAS REPUBLIKAS PATENTU VALDE Citadeles iela 7/70 Rîga, LV-1010 a/k 824 LATVIJA Sagatavots un iespiests: a/s “Preses nams” poligråfijas grupa Jåña séta CONTENTS SATURS CONTENTS SATURS Introduction 6 Ievads 6 Board of Appeals 10 Apelåcijas padome 10 Department for examination Izgudrojumu ekspertîzes of inventions 15 noda¬a 15 Department of Trademarks Preçu zîmju and Industrial Designs 21 un dizainparaugu noda¬a 21 Trademarks 23 Preçu zîmes 23 Industrial Designs 28 Dizainparaugi 28 Department of State Registers Valsts re©istru un and Documentation 31 dokumentåcijas noda¬a 31 Department for Information Informåcijas un redakcijas and Editorship 35 noda¬a 35 Department of Automation Automatizåcijas un and Computer Networking 37 datortîkla noda¬a 37 Chronology 38 Hronolo©ija 38 Financial Activities 42 Finansiålå darbîba 42 Inventors Izgudrotåji Walter Zapp and Minox 44 Valters Caps un Minox 44 Structure of the Patent Office 46 Patentu valdes struktüra 46 5 IEVADS INTRODUCTION IEVADS INTRODUCTION Latvijas Patentu valde aizvadîjusi 10 darba gadus. The Latvian Patent Office has been functioning for ten Noslédzies arî kårtéjais divgadu cikls (2000.–2001.), years now. Another two-year period (2000–2001) has kad, sekojot tradîcijai, par ßådu laika posmu dodam come to an end, and by tradition we are giving an valdes darba analîtisku apskatu. analytical report on the Patent Office’s work during this Íajå laika posmå izgudrojumu un preçu zîmju period. -
LATVIA (Latvija)
CLASSROOM COUNTRY PROFILES LATVIA (Latvija) Latvia is in northeastern Europe on the Baltic Sea. It is a member of both the European Union and NATO. Latvia recently gained interna- tional notoriety for its dramatic budget cuts after the European eco- nomic crisis; economists debate over the merits of government auster- ity, but Latvia is currently among the fastest growing economies in Eu- rope. About 45% of Latvia is covered by trees and 38% is farmland; forest products and agricultural production make up a significant por- tion of Latvia’s economy, while the importance of pharmaceuticals, robotics, and information technology is growing. Latvia’s national cho- ral song festivals have given it a reputation of “the land that sings”; in 2014, Latvia will host the World Choral Games. There is no state religion in Latvia. Most of the population rarely, if ever, Population: 2 million attends church services. While the government reports that a majority are Area: slightly larger than West Virginia atheists, religious organizations claim otherwise: 294 Lutheran congrega- Capital: Riga (pop. 700,000) tions claim a membership of 714,000; 250 Roman Catholic congregations Languages: Latvian (official) claim 500,000, and 122 Russian Orthodox congregations claim 370,000. Small, but active congregations include Old Believer Orthodox, Baptist, pagan (Dievturi), Seventh Day Adventist, Mormon, Methodist, Pentecostal, Muslim, Judaism, and others. Since 1991, the education system has undergone a variety of reforms, including a shift to active and conscientious learning in place of rote-learning. The word, “Latvian” can denote citizenship, ethnicity or language. Accord- Nine-year basic education is compulsory (ages 7- ing to the 2011 census, 84% of the population are citizens; 295,000 (14%) 16).