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Naskah1562642762.Pdf Dilarang memproduksi atau memperbanyak sebagian atau seluruh buku ini dalam bentuk atau cara apapun tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit. © Hak cipta dilindung oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 All Right Reserved LIPI Press © 2019 Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) Pusat Penelitian Biologi Katalog dalam Terbitan (KDT) Pulau Wawonii: Keanekaragaman Ekosistem, Flora, dan Fauna/Rugayah, Mulyati Rahayu, Mulyadi, dan Joeni Setijo Rahajoe (ed.)–J akarta: LIPI Press, 2019. xxi hlm. + 245 hlm.; 14,8 × 21 cm ISBN: 978-979-799-988-9 (cetak) 978-979-799-989-6 (e-book) 1. Keanekaragaman 2. Hayati 3. Wawonii 570.577 Copy editor : Risma Wahyu Hartiningsih dan M. Sidik Proofreader : Sarwendah Puspita Dewi Penata isi : M. Landi, Meita Safitri, dan Rahma Hilma Taslima Desainer sampul : D.E.I.R. Mahelingga Cetakan pertama : Juni 2019 Diterbitkan oleh: LIPI Press, anggota Ikapi Gedung PDDI LIPI, Lantai 6 Jln. Jend. Gatot Subroto 10, Jakarta 12710 Telp.: (021) 573 3465 e-mail: [email protected] website: lipipress.lipi.go.id LIPI Press @lipi_press Daftar ISI DAFTAR GAMBAR ix DAFTAR TABEL xiii PENGANTAR PENERBIT xv KATA PENGANTAR xvii PRAKATA xix BAB I SEPINTAS TENTANG PULAU WAWONII 1 A. Latar Belakang 1 B. Keadaan Umum Pulau Wawonii 4 BAB II KEANEKARAGAMAN EKOSISTEM 7 A. Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove 9 B. Ekosistem Hutan Pantai 15 C. Ekosistem Hutan Pamah 16 D. Ekosistem Hutan Perbukitan/Pegunungan Bawah 21 v BAB III KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS JAMUR DAN TUMBUHAN BERPEMBULUH 33 A. Keanekaragaman Jamur 36 B. Tumbuhan Paku (Pteridofit) 43 C. Tumbuhan Berbiji Terbuka (Gimnosperma) 49 D. Tumbuhan Berbiji Tertutup (Angiosperma) 51 BAB IV KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS FAUNA 115 A. Keanekaragaman Kopepoda 116 B. Keanekaragaman Serangga: Kupu-kupu 133 C. Keanekaragaman Ikan Air Tawar 146 D. Keanekaragaman Reptil dan Amfibi 151 E. Keanekaragaman Avifauna 159 F. Keanekaragaman Mamalia Kecil 170 BAB V PERAN KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI BAGI MASYARAKAT 175 A. Tumbuhan sebagai Bahan Pangan 176 B. Tumbuhan sebagai Bahan Bangunan 179 C. Tumbuhan sebagai Bahan Obat dan Kosmetik 180 D. Tumbuhan sebagai Bahan Energi Utama 182 E. Tumbuhan sebagai Bahan Pembuatan Sarana Transportasi 184 F. Tumbuhan sebagai Bahan Keperluan Lainnya 185 BAB VI KEARIFAN TRADISIONAL MASYARAKAT 193 A. Perkampungan atau Permukiman Penduduk (Kapo) 194 B. Rimba (Kura Eya) atau (Laron Kue) 195 C. Hutan Sekunder (Lali Bata) 197 D. Semak Belukar (Anantalu) 198 E. Kebun Campuran atau Ladang (Larowita) 199 F. Kebun Cokelat (Laron Sokolati), Kelapa (Laron Nii), dan Jambu Mete (Laron Dambola) 200 vi G. Padang Alang-alang (Laron Le) 201 H. Bentuk Satuan Lingkungan Lainnya 202 BAB VII PROYEKSI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI PULAU WAWONII KE DEPAN 203 A. Ketergantungan Masyarakat Kepulauan terhadap Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan 204 B. Potensi Fauna 206 C. Potensi Ekowisata 207 D. Permasalahan yang Dijumpai 209 E. Saran 210 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 211 INDEKS NAMA DAERAH 221 INDEKS NAMA ILMIAH 225 BIOGRAFI EDITOR 239 DAFTAR PENULIS DAN KEPAKARAN 243 vii Daftar Gambar Gambar 1.1 Peta Eksplorasi Pulau Wawonii Tahun 2003–2006 ........................ 2 Gambar 2.1 Hutan Mangrove di Desa Tumbu-Tumbu ...................................... 13 Gambar 2.2 Penebangan Pohon Mangrove di Desa Wungkolo .......................... 14 Gambar 2.3 Hutan Pantai Munse, Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara .............. 16 Gambar 2.4 Ekosistem Hutan Pamah di Lampeapi, Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara ........................................................................................ 17 Gambar 2.5 Pohon yang Ditumbuhi Lumut di Hutan Pegunungan Bawah, Waworete, Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara ............................... 22 Gambar 2.6 Pohon Berdiameter Besar di Hutan Pegunungan Bawah, Waworete, Pulau Wawonii, Sulawesi Tenggara ................................................ 23 Gambar 3.1 Lentinus sajor-caju .......................................................................... 40 Gambar 3.2 Lentinus cf. squarrosulus ................................................................. 40 Gambar 3.3 Colybia sp. ..................................................................................... 40 Gambar 3.4 Boletellus emodensis ......................................................................... 40 Gambar 3.5 Cookeina tricholoma ....................................................................... 40 Gambar 3.6 Cookeina sulcipes ............................................................................ 40 Gambar 3.7 Lentinus strigosus ............................................................................ 41 Gambar 3.8 Lentaria surculus ............................................................................ 41 Gambar 3.9 Coprinus sp. ................................................................................... 41 Gambar 3.10 Ganoderma australe ........................................................................ 41 ix Gambar 3.11 Clavaria vermicularis ...................................................................... 41 Gambar 3.12 Scleroderma sinnamariense .............................................................. 41 Gambar 3.13 Hygrocybe sp. .................................................................................. 42 Gambar 3.14 Marasmius sp. ................................................................................ 42 Gambar 3.15 Podosporium nilgirense .................................................................... 42 Gambar 3.16 Veronaea sp. ................................................................................... 42 Gambar 3.17 Paku Pohon (Cyathea gigantea) ...................................................... 45 Gambar 3.18 Loxogramme avenia ........................................................................ 46 Gambar 3.19 Schizaea dichotoma ......................................................................... 46 Gambar 3.20 Psilotum nudum ............................................................................. 46 Gambar 3.21 Angiopteris evecta ............................................................................ 46 Gambar 3.22 Taenitis blechnoides ......................................................................... 47 Gambar 3.23 Histiopteris incisa ............................................................................ 47 Gambar 3.24 Cycas rumphii a) Jantan (♂), b) betina (♀) ..................................... 51 Gambar 3.25 Batang rotan uwe watu .................................................................. 59 Gambar 3.26 Rumah dengan rangka tiang dari batang uwe watu (Calamus sp. aff. C. minahassae) ......................................................................... 59 Gambar 3.27 Hydriastele sp.: perawakan, tinggi batang sampai 22 m................... 59 Gambar 3.28 Hydriastele sp.: sebagian pelepah dan perbuahan muda; palem jenis baru ............................................................................................... 59 Gambar 3.29 Pholidocarpus ihur .......................................................................... 59 Gambar 3.30 Pholidocarpus ihur: perbuahan muda .............................................. 59 Gambar 3.31 Dracaena sp. .................................................................................. 60 Gambar 3.32 Dracaena angustifolia (varian 1)...................................................... 60 Gambar 3.33 Dracaena angustifolia (varian 2)...................................................... 60 Gambar 3.34 Anoetochilus setaceus ....................................................................... 64 Gambar 3.35 Calanthe angustifolia ...................................................................... 64 Gambar 3.36 Tropidia shlechteriana ..................................................................... 64 Gambar 3.37 Coelogyne septemcostata ................................................................... 64 Gambar 3.38 Nephelaphyllum pulchrum .............................................................. 64 Gambar 3.39 Cryptostylis javanica ........................................................................ 64 Gambar 3.40 Habenaria beccarii .......................................................................... 65 Gambar 3.41 Crepidium koordersii ....................................................................... 65 Gambar 3.42 Pandanus lauterbachii ..................................................................... 67 Gambar 3.43 Pandanus sp. .................................................................................. 67 Gambar 3.44 Freycinetia minahassae .................................................................... 68 Gambar 3.45 Tacca leontopetaloides; umbi (atas); perbungaan (bawah) ................ 70 Gambar 3.46 Tacca palmata ................................................................................ 70 Gambar 3.47 Alpinia melichroa ........................................................................... 71 Gambar 3.48 Curcuma xanthorriza ...................................................................... 71 Gambar 3.49 Bunga dan Buah Etlingera elatior ................................................... 72 Gambar 3.50 Etlingera sp. ................................................................................... 74 x Gambar 3.51 Magnolia champaca ........................................................................ 84 Gambar 3.52 Monoon sp. .................................................................................... 86 Gambar 3.53 Uvaria littoralis .............................................................................
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