DOCSLIB.ORG

Faculty and Staff Housing Shows Deficit

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Faculty and Staff Housing Shows Deficit Virginia's Last Independent College Newspaper VOLUME LXXII Virginia Military Institute^ Lexington, Virginia, March 26,1982 NUMBER 22 Inauguration Today General Sam S. Walker Eleventh Superintendent with a 17-gun salute in his tion be scaled down. Estimated honor. The Chairman of the costs for a ceremony similar to Today, March 26, 1982, Board of Visitors, the that of his predecessor, General General Sam S. Walker will be Honorable Vincent J. Thomas Richard L. Irby, range in ex- inaugurated as VMI's eleventh will formally install General cess of $20,000. superintendent. The day is plan- Walker into office. Upon the The review parade promises ned as follows: shortly after completion of the parade, a to be quite impressive yet the 4:00 p.m., an academic proces- reception will be held for the ceremonies will hardly com- sion of the faculty and staff Walker's and their special pare with events of past in- along with the Board of Visitors guests. augural weekends. The In- will take place in honor of Obviously, this inauguration stitute is under considerable General Walker. Immediately is not nearly as elaborate as the financial strain, and the cut- following the procession, at 4:15 past ceremonies. Last January, back is simply another measure p.m. there will be a review General Walker recommended implemented to help relieve it. parade by the Corps of Cadets to the Board that the inaugura- Faculty And Staff Housing by Chris Caplice and^red StonShowe the houses werse oveDeficir maintain- position.t " Over the past nine years there ed as compared to "normal" When asked his opinion of the has been a new gain of over 1 maintenance figures used in the 1973 study in general and the million dollars in the following VMI housing loan applications. .above statement in particular, auxiliary enterprises: student In its recommendations, the Col. Hart Slater, VMI business health, intercollegiate athletics, self-study suggested substantial executive, stated the study was stores and shops, student union, increases in rent to cover the inaccurate and the statement laundry service and student maintenance costs and even- was incorrect. He explained food service. An auxiliary tually reached a modes'* profit. that while the study did do a enterprise is a service or func- The rents wer" eased, good job of researching and tion performed by outside non- though not as drascicaUy as was presenting the costs and institute organizations under recommended, and subsequent- deficits, it did not explore "the contract by VMI. The above ly for the next two years there parameters of the fm struc- mentioned enterprises, being was a net g^in of $11,000. During ture" or look into the cadets' Gen. Sam S. Walker VMI's eleventh superintendent. mainly student oriented, are the following year to the present perspective. Concerning the Photo by Andre Studio funded totally by cadet fees. the earlier trend of deficits con- cadets' fees subsidizing faculty Vandalism The remaining auxiliary func- tinued. In the final remarks, the housing. Slater said it was a tion is faculty and staff residen- self study stated "if it were fact and that VMI had never tial facilities or on post housing. shown that faculty and staff surpressed that fact. Slater ex- A Problem Unresolved Funds for this service are housing were born in part by plained the post housing is both designed to come from two student fees from auxiliary a benefit for the students and a sources; rental fees and capital enterprises,... the Institute by Frank Kollmansperger "drawing card" for attracting then used to batter desks, the improvement grants. Capital would be in an embarrassing (continued on page 7) Although it is true that VMI improvement grants are pro- has remained sheltered from fire door and thrown through the fire door window. The cost vided by the state for large many of the problems which af- scale work or improvement on a New Staffs To fect most educational institu- totalled approximately $600, not to mention a building and building. The main source of tions, one such problem has funding for the normal every- recently begun to raise its ugly ground crew of ten working all Soon Take Over day long to clean up and repair day maintenance and utilities Following recommendation Graham Shirley, Jr., third head on Post. While VMI has then, is the rental collections. always accepted its share of the damage. In another incident by the Cadet Publications classman from Lynn Haven, in Scott Shipp Hall, drains in Over the same nine years Board and approval by the Fla. graffiti on desks and bathroom residential facilities for faculty bathrooms were stopped up, Superintendent, the editorial A key staff of four cadets will walls, vandalism this year has and staff showed a net loss of causing extensive water and business staffs of the cadet be responsible for publishing cost the Institute money, time, over one hundred and seventy damage. Although these in- publications were recently an- The Cadet during the next year and anxiety to take care of. In a thousand dollars. This loss was cidents total merely five, the nounced for the next academic beginning April 1. Editor-in- pa^t memorandum, General recovered by the General Aux- potentifil consequences of them chief will be Fred P. Stone, first Walker explained not only the ilitary fund which is made up oi year. are staggering; a round-the- classman from Waynesboro. problem, but also the respon- student fees. In the past five Guiding the cadet literary clock security guard and locked Serving as Business manager sibilities of the whole VMI com- years over 22% of the total cost magazine Sounding Braaa, for academicbuildings. will be Scott E. Belliveau, first munity in ending this recent of maintaining the on post facul- 1982-83 will be Borden Ray, a classman of Yarmouth Port, waveofdestructim. Genera^ Walker's memoran- ty housing was borne by student rising first classman from Nor- Mass. Associate editor will be Since last summer. Col dum not fnly alerted the VMI fees through the' auxiliaiy folk. Business manager will be Timothy R. Spencer, first Sauder, Chairman of the community of the problem, but funds. Robert Zilhaver, first class classman from Portsmouth. Physics Department, has also asl^ed for its future help in from Clarion, Penn. The next combatting the problem. If This situation was first staff takes office with issue of Editorial editor will be W. Lynn reported four , separate in- Seldon, Jr., first classman from cidents of vandafism In Mallory eac|i cadet, teacher and ad- brought to light in a self study the publication this spring. ministrator remains aware of Winchester. Hall. In the first three incident^ conducted in 1973. The study The principal staff of the 1983 the existence of the vandalism fire extinguishers were set off discusses the general trend of Bomb will consist of: Editor-in- All of the newly-appointed problem, this needless destruc- housing deficits, possible chief, Todd E. Miles, first members of the publications on the top two floors of the tion will quickly cease. This building. In the last incident, causes, and solutions. It classman from Springfield; staffs will also serve as vandalism is not only costly, but reported a total net loss of Business manager, Jon S. Drof, members of the Cadet Publica- which occurred on the weekend also it endangers the open door before Christmas break, ex- $86,000 over a nine year period, second classman from Alexan- tions Board during the 1982-83 policy of the VMI Post. 1963-1972. It also concluded that tinguishers were again_set off, dria; and Managing Editw, A. session. Page 2, The VMI Cadet, March 26,1982 Letters To The Editor Editorials Where Has The Corps Gone? Chuck Kause—Editorial Editor If a tree falls in the forest and And where does your path take sense wearing the good stuff, there is nO imearound to hear it, you? Right past the arch, of right? does it make a noise? course, loaded with visitors. Or Are you the cadet who sits in At-VMI, ,if^ you are not at are you the chap who "streaks" his car outside a hamburger Why Do Cadets parade, with spectators lining down the second stoop on the joint with his blouse zipped up Letcher Avenue, are you "being east side of old barracks while to the sternum displa^ng a inspected" by the public? parents 'and dates wait in magnificent gut? At the gorcery Complain? A casual observation in- Jackson Arch. Well, afterall, store, do you leave your blouse dicates that too many cadets you are in barracks, right? zippeid up, again to that ever This past Tuesday night the President of the First feel: No spectators, no sweat. I Maybe you were in that after- popular sternum level, while Class, Harry T. Bitzberger, dismissed a class contend that the opposite is noon section last Friday that waiting for the cashier to ring meeting because of the disruptive behavior of a few true. Just because one is not in shouted all the "cool" advice to up your sale and return your members of the class. Whether Cadet Bitzberger was parade dyke does not mean that those prospective rats and their change? If that's you, "wow, the critical eye of public parents, no less, as you strolled you're neat!! right or wrong in his decision is not the question here. scrutiny is not on you. For ex- (marched???) down Letcher No one is denying that cadets What needs to be questioned is the conduct of these ample: Avenue on your way to Mallory are humans, and as such they same few members of the class who are constantly Are-you the cadet who decid- Hall.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fall-Winter 2020
    The eDGE FALL/WINTER 2020 ECBU Department Newsletter IN THIS ISSUE • Scott Shipp Hall Renovations • Cadet Develops New Healthcare Process • Teaching and Learning in a Pandemic THE EDGE Keep Calm & Carry On The eDGE You have in your hands (and/or on your ECBU Department Newsletter computer screen) the eighth issue of The Edge, in the fifth year since we started this departmental PUBLISHER magazine. To remind you, The Edge was founded to Andrew Wolfe provide detailed and interesting news of and about our lively department. I feel we have done just that, EDITORS over the past five years. Bruce Macdonald And of course, I never anticipated what this Ray MacDermott year, 2020, would be like, a year of changes and DESIGNER adjustment. First, we faced the long-planned, and Karen Bowen long-anticipated move out of our offices into close quarters (very close quarters!), as the long-anticipated renovation of Scott Shipp Hall began. EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Private meetings with cadets had to be carried out in the hallways, or wherever Robert Glidden we could find an empty classroom, privacy suffered but trust prevailed. Former Ohio University President Then the pandemic took center stage, and when cadets departed in mid- George Kester March, it was evident that our world was about to change. The pandemic Professor of Finance, W&L University dictated a new way of teaching, of learning, and adjusting. We, the faculty, Mike Meads took classes on Canvas, or for those more advanced (and no doubt younger Vice President, Wells Fargo Advisors of us!) the chance to perfect online skills.
    [Show full text]
  • VMI Architectural Preservation Master Plan
    Preservation Master Plan Virginia Military Institute Lexington, Virginia PREPARED BY: JOHN MILNER ASSOCIATES, INC. West Chester, Pennsylvania Kimberly Baptiste, MUP Krista Schneider, ASLA Lori Aument Clare Adams, ASLA Jacky Taylor FINAL REPORT – JANUARY 2007 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Preservation Master Plan Virginia Military Institute The funding for the preparation of the Preservation Master Plan for Virginia Military Institute was provided by a generous grant from: The Getty Foundation Campus Heritage Grant Program Los Angeles, California Throughout the course of the planning process, John Milner Associates, Inc. was supported and assisted by many individuals who gave generously of their time and knowledge to contribute to the successful development of the Preservation Master Plan. Special thanks and acknowledgement are extended to: VMI ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEMBERS • COL Keith Gibson, Director of VMI Museum Operations and Preservation Officer, Chair • COL Bill Badgett, Professor of Fine Arts and Architecture • COL Tom Davis, Professor of History • COL Tim Hodges, Professor of Engineering • LTC Dale Brown, Director of Construction • LTC Jay Williams, Post Engineer • MAJ Dallas Clark, VMI Planning Officer VMI FACULTY AND STAFF MEMBERS • COL Diane Jacob, Head of Archives and Records • Mr. Rick Parker, VMI Post Draftsman OTHER ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • All historic images and photographs included within this report are courtesy of the Virginia Military Institute Archives. • All planning and construction documents reviewed during the course of this project
    [Show full text]
  • Supplies for the Cadets
    THE CADET PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE CORPS OF CADETS VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE Vol. XXIV LEXINGTON, VIRGINIA, MONDAY, APRIL 27, 1931 No. 27 Track Team Comes '32 BULLET COMPLETED Col. Moseley Presents FINAL FIRST CLASS HOP Gen. Fuller Speaks To With the exception of a few Corps Wednesday From Behind To last-minute articles, all the copy Early English The final First Class Hop of the for the 1932 Bullet has been sent year will be held in Ninety-Four to the press. This issue has been Tie Davidson Architecture Hall on the night of Saturday, May In J.J. Hall completed about a month and a CAPT. HAM SMITH SCORES half earlier than is the usual case. GREAT CATHEDRALS SHOW 16. As yet no orchestra has been RELATES INCIDENTS OF TEN POINTS FOR CADETS Next year's Bullet will contain GOTHIC EFFECT selected, although it expected that LIFE WITH MARINE about 125 pages and will be at- a choice of one will be made very CORPS Cadets Clean Up In 440 and 880 Will Speak Tomorrow Night On tractively bound in blue imitation shortly. The entire corps is in- With Romm Leading In leather with an indented border Medieval Domestic Archi- Has Had Connections With vited. Both. and a partial view of barracks in tecture. Many V. M. I. Men In the gold. Through the efforts of J. Service. Showing a brilliant finish after the Continuing his series of art lectures As this is the last hop before D. Neikirk, Editor 1932 Bomb, it meet had been almost hopelessly lost in the academic building last Tues- Last Wednesday afternoon the is excellently organized, well Finals, it is earnestly hoped that to a desperate Davidson Wildcat day night, Colonel Moseley took up Corps of Cadets was fortunate enough written, contains many new fea- it can be made the most success- Track team the Keydet track and j the second period of English Gothic to hear Major-General Fuller, pres- tures, and should be a great help ful of the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Confederate Forces at the Same Time
    CHICAGO CIVIL WAR ROUNDTABLE SHENANDOAH VALLEY – 1864 Shenandoah Valley Map 1864 CHICAGO CIVIL WAR ROUNDTABLE SHENANDOAH VALLEY – 1864 Page 1 of 83 Table of Contents Shenandoah Valley Map 1864 ...................................................................................................................... 0 Shenandoah 1864 by Jonathan Sebastian .................................................................................................... 3 Lower Shenandoah Valley ............................................................................................................................. 9 Army of the Shenandoah ............................................................................................................................ 10 Army of the Valley....................................................................................................................................... 11 Maps ........................................................................................................................................................... 12 Overview Shenandoah Valley Campaigns May-June 1864 ..................................................................... 12 Battle of New Market Map 1 .................................................................................................................. 13 Battle of New Market Map 2 .................................................................................................................. 14 Battle of New Market Map 3 .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The New Market Campaign, May, 1864
    THE iiiii EDWARD RAYMOND TURNER GIFT OF THE NEW MARKET CAMPAIGN MAY, 1864 BY EDWARD RAYMOND TURNER PROFESSOR OF EUROPEAN HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN WHITTET & SHEPPERSON 1912 COPYRI GHT IQI2 BY EDWARD RAYMOND TURNER TO MY AUNT Curner A WOMAN OF THE OLD SOUTH 244014 PREFACE writing of this volume was made possible by the THEpreliminary researches of Captain Henry A. Wise, Colonel George H. Smith, Lieutenant-Colonel George M. Edgar, and Mr. Benjamin A. Colonna. The battle of New Market, though one of the smaller en gagements of the Civil War, possessed certain striking features which made it such an attractive subject, that it had been described by numerous writers. Moreover the part taken by the Cadets was so brilliant and unique that tales of their ex ploits, from the very day of the battle, were given wide circu lation. To those in a position to know, however, it was evi dent that no satisfactory account had been written; for not withstanding that General Sigel, General Imboden, and others had given versions, their work was obviously semi-popular and incomplete; while everything relating to the Cadets was more or less a matter of rumor and controversy, exaggerated asser tions being made by their partisans, and sweeping denials by those who opposed them. The desirability of writing an authoritative account had occurred to a number of those who took part in the battle, but to no one more than Captain Wise, who led the much debated charge of the Cadets, and who ardently wished that the part taken by his comrades should be perpetuated and placed in the proper light.
    [Show full text]
  • GCM at Leavenworth, C.1908 (#98) Page: 25 GCM and Gen
    “Fully the Equal of the Best” George C. Marshall and the Virginia Military Institute A GEORGE C. MARSHALL FOUNDATION PUBLICATION EMOBILIZATION of the vast war machine that he had worked so hard to assemble,arm,and train was well underway by November D1945, and George C. Marshall, who had been Army Chief of Staff for sixty-two months (longer than anyone before or since), thought he deserved a leisurely retirement devoted to his family and to tending his gardens in Leesburg,Virginia. But the world was too undone for the quick return of normalcy, and the nation’s leaders repeatedly, insistently requested his services: as special ambassador to China in 1946, as Secre- tary of State in 1947 and 1948, and as Secretary of Defense in 1950 and 1951. At every turn of his career after 1939, the President needed him. Others had need of him,too;he spent a year traveling the country as chair- man of the American National Red Cross (1949–50). Why did he accept these and other demands when he had already served his country for nearly forty-five years? Speaking to a national radio audience on November 11, 1940, the anniversary of the founding of his alma mater, the Virginia Military Institute, Marshall explained his VMI- inspired worldview: Our graduates seldom amass great wealth, but just as seldom do they dis- play weakness or indifference to their duties as citizens.They are trained to be soldiers,if there be need for soldiers ... ;but what is far more impor- tant, they are trained to be good citizens, strong and of the type so urgently needed to promote the welfare of this country of ours in its democratic progress.
    [Show full text]
  • VMI in the Civil War
    VMI in the Civil War November, 1859 A contingent of the Corps was dispatched to Charles Town following John Brown’s raid on the Harper’s Ferry arsenal. Cadets stood guard at Brown’s execution on December 2nd April, 1861 The Corps was sent to Richmond, where cadets drilled Confederate army recruits. The commanding officer during this trip was Major Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson, who had joined VMI’s faculty in 1851 as professor of natural and experimental philosophy and instructor of artillery. Jackson accepted a commission and left for active duty soon after the Corps arrived in Richmond. May, 1862 The Corps was ordered to aid General Jackson’s forces during the McDowell campaign. The cadets, commanded by Scott Shipp, marched in pursuit of Federal troops but were not engaged in battle. May, 1863 General Stonewall Jackson died on May 10 from wounds received at the Battle of Chancellorsville, and his body was returned to Lexington for burial. August – December, 1863 The Corps was called into the field to defend against the raids of General William Averell, but was not engaged in battle. May 15, 1864 The Corps, again under the command of Scott Shipp, marched into battle along with General John C. Breckinridge’s forces against Federal troops led by General Franz Sigel. Ten cadets were mortally wounded in the Battle of New Market. June 11, 1864 Federal troops, under the command of General David Hunter, entered Lexington. The Corps retreated to a camp in the Blue Ridge near Balcony Falls. VMI was burned the next day by Hunter’s soldiers.
    [Show full text]
  • VMI Archives
    VMI Archives www.vmi.edu/archives Text Report of Lt. Col. Scott Shipp Battle of New Market, Virginia (May 15, 1864) About Scott Shipp and this report: Scott Shipp (1839-1917) commanded the Corps of Cadets at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. Shipp graduated from VMI in 1859; taught Latin, Mathematics, and Tactics; served as Commandant of Cadets from 1862-89; and as the Institute's second Superintendent from 1890-1907. This report appears in the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (O.R.)-Series I, Vol. 37, pt. 1, pp. 89-91. The VMI Archives does not hold the original manuscript report, but it has been widely reprinted in Institute records. Col. William Couper (VMI Class of 1904 and VMI Historian for many years), discovered the original report in Washington DC government records in 1938, but did not leave a complete citation or specific location information. Some information about his discovery is located in the William Couper Papers. Headquarters Corps of Cadets, July 4, 1864. General: In obedience to General Orders No. 21, Headquarters Virginia Military Institute, June 27, 1864, I have the honor to submit the following report of the Corps of Cadets, under my command, in the field, from May 11th to June 25th, inclusive. In obedience to orders from Major General Breckinridge, communicated through you, at 7 a.m. on the morning of May 11th, the Corps of Cadets, consisting of a battalion of four companies of infantry and a section of 3-inch rifled guns, took up the line of march for Staunton.
    [Show full text]
  • 14 May 2021 Meena T. Sinfelt, Esq. Partner Barnes & Thornburg LLP
    SUPERINTENDENT VIRGINIA MILITARY INSTITUTE 14 May 2021 Meena T. Sinfelt, Esq. Partner Barnes & Thornburg LLP 1717 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W. Suite 500 Washington, DC 20006 By Email to [email protected] Re: Overview of VMI DEI Initiatives Dear Ms. Sinfelt: As requested, the Virginia Military Institute (“VMI”) is timely providing a description of the Institute’s initiatives in the areas of diversity, equity, and inclusion (“DEI”). This letter expands on the points outlined in our prior correspondence to the State Council of Higher Education of Virginia (“SCHEV”). VMI has undertaken significant measures – over a period of time – to promote DEI, and for many years has fostered a supportive culture for all members of the Institute’s community. The information summarized below is not intended to be an exhaustive survey of each and every VMI activity touching upon these crucial endeavors and has been prepared for Barnes and Thornburg (“B&T”) at its request. The Institute’s support for DEI initiatives in the Commonwealth (and beyond) is an ongoing process, and VMI’s efforts will continue to expand and evolve with practices and standards in the DEI realm. VMI conducts all of its operations in strict compliance with all federal and state legal requirements. Moreover, VMI has always obtained and followed legal advice from its designated counsel in the Virginia Office of the Attorney General (or specially- appointed counsel, as appropriate) with regard to sensitive matters such as race, gender, equal opportunity, and Cadet discipline. Once a suspected infraction or legal violation has been reported to the Institute, VMI ensures that all complaints are handled promptly, fairly, sensitively, and consistently – across all members of the Institute’s community.
    [Show full text]
  • First Captain
    First Captain ‘‘This institution gave me not only a standard for my daily conduct among men, but it endowed me with a military heritage of honor and self-sacrifice.” 0 M E W H E R E in the course of growing up the idea of be- S coming a soldier occurred to George Marshall. At some point he considered the idea more or less seriously, though it is impos- sible to guess-and he himself did not remember-when or how deeply he thought about it. In any case he got no encouragement. His father and mother were opposed.1 Certainly the chances could not have seemed bright to achieve distinction in a profes- sional army of twenty-five thousand, which was no longer needed to fight Indians and seemed to face only a penurious fu- ture as a dubious sort of constabulary. The elder Marshall could see other objections. Me thought it would be politically difficult, if not impossible, to get an appoint- ment to West Point, the only sure road to an Amy commission. He was a Democrat, locally prominent as a Democrat. Union- town’s representative, Ernest Acheson, was a Republican2 and so were Pennsylvania’s two senators, Boies Penrose and Matthew Quay. Even though the competitive examination system used by , Mr. Acheson in selecting his nominees for the Military Academy seemed fair to so partisan an observer as the Democratic editor 39 40 Education of a General of the Genius of Libert~,~Marshall was unwilling to risk a politi- cal rebuff. His reluctance was possibly reinforced by doubts that George would do well in the competitive examinations.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert E.Lee Hotel the Post Exchange
    THE CADET well conducted until the destruction | last surviving member of the guard Briggs, a special agent for the Aetna the States a library was maintained of the Institute by General Hunter, of honor made up of V. M. I. cadets, Fire Insurance Company, in Dallas, by what was known as the Society of (Continued On Page Seven) detailed by General Scott Shipp to Texas, made a business trip to a small Cadets. Captain Spiller was Librar- stand guard over the body of Gen- town called Jacksboro, where his ian of the Society as well as one of eral Lee at the time of his death. agent turned out to be Captain Spil- the charter members of the Sigma ler. As both of the men are V. M. I. Nu Fraternity. He fought in the Oak Hill Dairy Major Turner M. Chambliss, Infan- C. Coleman Duke, ex-'22, was in alumni, they became rather intimate, Battle of New Market and was try, U. S. Army, whose home is at Lexington on January 26. He is in and in two or three succeeding trips wounded twice in that engagement. Pure Raw Milk and Chocolate North Emperioa, has been detailed as the lumber business with C. E. Ingalls j to Jacksboro Mr. Briggs learned that "The Society of Cadets," says Mr. Milk at the P. E. Daily a member of the Army's General Co. in Thomasville, N. C. Captain Spiller had in his possession Briggs in a letter to Miss Nellie, "was Staff Corps and assigned to duty Major H. T.
    [Show full text]
  • A "Wealth of Hallowed Memories": the Development of Mission, Saga, and Distinctiveness at the Virginia Military Institute
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1993 A "wealth of hallowed memories": The development of mission, saga, and distinctiveness at the Virginia Military Institute David Roger Loope College of William & Mary - School of Education Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Higher Education Commons Recommended Citation Loope, David Roger, "A "wealth of hallowed memories": The development of mission, saga, and distinctiveness at the Virginia Military Institute" (1993). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539618270. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25774/w4-taqv-1n81 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from themicrofilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
    [Show full text]