CHICAGO CIVIL WAR ROUNDTABLE – 1864

Shenandoah Valley Map 1864

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Table of Contents Shenandoah Valley Map 1864 ...... 0 Shenandoah 1864 by Jonathan Sebastian ...... 3 Lower Shenandoah Valley ...... 9 Army of the Shenandoah ...... 10 Army of the Valley...... 11 Maps ...... 12 Overview Shenandoah Valley Campaigns May-June 1864 ...... 12 Map 1 ...... 13 Battle of New Market Map 2 ...... 14 Battle of New Market Map 3 ...... 15 Battle of New Market Map4 ...... 16 Overview Shenandoah Valley Campaigns August-October 1864 ...... 17 Cool Spring Map 1 July 18, 1864 ...... 18 Cool Spring Map 2 July 18, 1864 ...... 19 Cool Spring Map 3 July 18, 1864 ...... 20 Cool Spring Map 4 & 5 July 18, 1864 ...... 21 Battle of Rutherford’s Farm Maps 1&2 July 20, 1864 ...... 22 Approach to Kernstown ...... 23 2nd Battle of Kernstown, Map 1 July 24, 1864...... 24 2nd Battle of Kernstown, Map 2 July 24, 1864...... 25 2nd Battle of Kernstown, Map 3 July 24, 1864 ...... 26 2nd Battle of Kernstown, Map 4 – Close of Battle ...... 27 Winchester – Map 1 - Union Advance on Berryville Pike Sept 19, 1864 ...... 28 Winchester – Map 2 - Union Cavalry Creek Crossings Sept 19, 1864 ...... 29 Winchester – Map 3 – Opening Attacks Sept 19, 1864 ...... 30 Winchester – Map 4 – Confederates Counterattack Sept 19, 1864 ...... 31 Winchester – Map 5 – The Union Line Holds Sept 19, 1864 ...... 32 Winchester – Map 6a – The Railroad Fight Sept 19, 1864 ...... 33 Winchester – Map 6b – Crook’s and Tobert’s Attack Sewpt 19, 1864 ...... 34 Winchester – Map 7 - Retreat to Smithfield Redoubt Sept 19, 1864 ...... 35 Winchester – Map 8 – Early’s Army is Routed Sept 19, 1864 ...... 36 CHICAGO CIVIL WAR ROUNDTABLE SHENANDOAH VALLEY – 1864 Page 2 of 83

Battle of Fisher’s Hill - Earthworks September 20, 1864 ...... 37 Battle of Fisher’s Hill - Situation before battle, night of September 20-21, 1864 ...... 38 Battle of Fisher’s Hill - Situation before Fisher’s Hill September 21, 1864 ...... 39 Battle of Fisher’s Hill - Situation before Fisher’s Hill September 22, 1864 Pre Battle ...... 40 Battle of Fisher’s Hill, September 22, 1864 ...... 41 Battle of Fisher’s Hill – Crook’s Opening Attack, September 22, 1864 ...... 42 Battle of Fisher’s Hill – Attack on Ramseur’s Hill, September 22, 1864 ...... 43 Battle of Fisher’s Hill – Attacks East of the Railroad, September 22, 1864 ...... 44 Battle of Fisher’s Hill – Pegram’s Line Disintegrates September 21, 1864 ...... 45 Battle of Fisher’s Hill – Crook Reaches the Pike September. 21, 1864 ...... 46 Cedar Creek – Situation before battle, night of October 18-19, 1864 ...... 47 Cedar Creek – Early Morning October 19, 1864 ...... 48 Cedar Creek – October 19, 1864, 5:30am ...... 49 Cedar Creek – October 19, 1864, -6:00am & 6:30am ...... 50 Cedar Creek – October 19, 1864, 7:00am ...... 51 Cedar Creek – October 19, 1864, 7:30am ...... 52 Cedar Creek – October 19, 1864, 8:00 -9:00am ...... 53 Cedar Creek – October 19, 1864, 10:30am ...... 54 Cedar Creek – October 19, 1864, 11:30am & 1:00pm ...... 55 Cedar Creek – October 19, 1864, 4:00pm & 4:15pm ...... 56 Sheridan's Ride ...... 58 Order of Battle ...... 60 New Market, ...... 60 Shenandoah Valley Campaign ...... 62 Second Battle of Kernstown...... 68 Third Battle of Winchester ...... 70 ...... 75 Orders and Ammunition ...... 76

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Shenandoah 1864 by Jonathan Sebastian Three full years had passed since delegates from the seceded states gathered in Montgomery, Alabama and selected as provisional president of the Confederacy. Three years had passed since had been inaugurated to the presidency of the . It appeared the tide of the war was shifting – but only beginning to shift. Many in the Confederacy were not at a point of giving up in early 1864. It would take additional Union military victories to bring an end to the conflict. Lincoln called upon Ulysses Simpson Grant, making him General-in-chief of all Union armies on March 9, 1864, to help bring about that final victory.

Grant settled on a plan of “coordination”, that is, moving all Union armies against Confederate forces at the same time. The campaign was to begin as near the beginning of May as conditions allowed. The Army of the James was to advance up the Virginia peninsula between the York and James Rivers. The Army of the Potomac was to advance overland, pushing the Confederate Army of toward Richmond. The army group assembled around Chattanooga was to have the Confederate Army of Tennessee and the city of as its objectives. The Army of the Gulf was to capture Mobile, Alabama though part of this force was engaged in the , and the campaign for that city would be delayed. The fifth force was to be assembled near Harpers Ferry and Martinsburg and was to advance up the Shenandoah Valley.

This force when assembled, for it was largely divided into small units guarding the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, would number just under ten thousand. It was originally intended to function as two forces one headed by General and the other under the direction of Major General Edward O. C. Ord. Conflict between these two caused Ord to appeal to Grant, who transferred him to corps command in the Army of the James. Sigel assembled his force and by late April was prepared to move up the Valley.

The Shenandoah Valley, bounded by the to the east and the Alleghany Mountains to the west, stretches for two hundred miles reaching from the in the north to the town of Roanoke in the south. This area had originally been settled as early as the 1730s by individuals and families from eastern Virginia and southeastern Pennsylvania. Many were of Scotts-Irish background, some were Quakers, some Presbyterians and soon they created a patchwork of small villages and farms along the length of the Valley. While the Valley was divided over the issue of secession, many supported the Confederate cause once the war began. Their valley was the scene of conflict in 1862 and again in 1863. Now the armies were on the move once again.

In the spring of 1864, the only organized Confederate force in the valley was stationed at Mount Crawford, just south of Harrisonburg, and was under the command of Brigadier General John Imboden. The only other Confederate troops were in southwestern Virginia and were headed by Major General John C. Breckinridge.

The opening battle took place around the town of New Market. Here on Sunday, , Union forces under Franz Sigel and the combined Confederate army now under John C. Breckinridge clashed. At first, Union troops pushed the Southerners back. As the afternoon wore on, however, Breckinridge CHICAGO CIVIL WAR ROUNDTABLE SHENANDOAH VALLEY – 1864 Page 4 of 83

was able to launch an assault that utilized most of his force including the corps of cadets from the Virginia Military Institute that ultimately drove the Union troops from the field.

At this point, Sigel, who had been retained in command mostly because of his appeal to the German community, was now relieved and was ordered to Harpers Ferry. The command was given to Major General . Already known and hated by many Southerners for his staunchly abolitionist views, Hunter set out determined to defeat Confederate forces in the Valley. Hunter’s army moved out on May 26 and reached Harrisonburg, south of New Market, on June 3. Imboden, whose brigade was the only Confederate force in the Valley as Breckinridge’s command had departed to join the Army of Northern Virginia, appealed to Lee for support. The only troops available were the four thousand under William E. “Grumble” Jones in far southwestern Virginia. These troops arrived just before Hunter’s Union soldiers. Hunter attacked and routed the Confederates at Piedmont on June 5, “Grumble” Jones being killed in the action. The way was now open for Hunter to reach Lynchburg and the Virginia and Tennessee and Southside Railroad. This rail line was being used to supply the Army of Northern Virginia with the produce of the Shenandoah Valley. On June 11, the reached Lexington.

The following day, Hunter ordered the burning of the Virginia Military Institute. The cadet barracks and two faculty residences were burned, the library was significantly damaged, and the statue of George Washington was pulled down and eventually taken to Wheeling, . (The statue was returned in 1866.) On June 14, the Union troops departed, none too soon for the residents of the area who now hated “Black Dave” more than ever. Arriving on the afternoon of June 17, Hunter did not order a full scale assault on Lynchburg. Instead, he surveyed the earthworks that had been hastily thrown up around the city and which were manned by the local militia. His delay would prove costly.

While Hunter hesitated, Robert E. Lee acted. He had detached the Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia under the command of Major General Jubal A. Early with instructions to defeat Hunter’s force. Additionally, Early was to move down the valley and assume a threatening posture toward Washington D.C. and if possible, even cross the Potomac River. That same afternoon, June 17, the first of Early’s corps arrived in Lynchburg by rail. The next day, Hunter refrained from conducting a full scale assault, and eventually retreated. Early pursued and Hunter went up into the Alleghany Mountains of West Virginia. The tactical situation in the Valley was now reversed with the way being open to the Confederates.

Jubal Early did just that, moving his force that he now referred to as the Army of the Valley, northward. By the end of the month, the Confederate force had reached the Potomac River. The Union garrison at Harpers Ferry under the command of Franz Sigel was all that stood in the way of Early’s Confederates crossing into . The garrison fell back to Maryland Heights on the north side of the river. Early ordered his troops to Shepherdstown where they forded the river on July 4. Minor skirmishing took place, but Early was reluctant to commit his troops to an assault and on the evening of July 7 ordered his men to bypass the Union position to the north and march eastward toward Frederick. This delay of four days would ultimately prove costly to any intention of taking Washington D.C. CHICAGO CIVIL WAR ROUNDTABLE SHENANDOAH VALLEY – 1864 Page 5 of 83

Capturing the national capital had now become one of two objectives of this campaign. The second was to liberate the Confederate soldiers held prisoner at Point Lookout located eighty-seven miles southeast of Washington D.C. Early detailed his cavalry commander Brigadier General Bradley Johnson, a Marylander, to have charge of the operation when it came time. Everything still appeared to be going the Confederates’ way. In fact, more than they realized. The Union high command had no clear idea where the Army of the Valley was and exactly what its objective was. The only person who did know was John W. Garret the president of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. He instructed his employees to keep him informed of the Southern forces movements. These he relayed on his own initiative to Major General Henry W. Halleck, the Union chief of staff. Grant hesitated to send any troops from the Richmond – Petersburg front back to the District of Columbia. The primary force of the enemy was in his front. The Confederates in Maryland could not be that numerous and, surely, the garrison at Harpers Ferry and the force under David Hunter, being referred to as the , would be able to handle the situation. But neither Hunter nor his troops were on hand yet. In fact, Hunter had exhausted his men by marching them all the way to Charleston, West Virginia and then from there back to Parkersburg by boat. On his arrival there, he learned that the Confederates had advanced down the Valley as far as Martinsburg and perhaps to the Potomac River. Hunter realized the need to move quickly and began to secure trains to transport his troops back to western Maryland.

By this time, the Army of the Valley had reached Frederick, Maryland and the only Union troops standing in its way were men of the under the command of Major General . Grant had finally decided to release a division and so, Major General James Ricketts division of the VI Corps was aboard transports sailing up the Chesapeake Bay. Arriving on the morning of July 8, Ricketts men were positioned by Wallace along the Monocracy River. Meanwhile, Early had extracted a ransom of $20,000 from the people of Hagerstown and now on the morning of July 9 was attempting to do the same in Frederick. His efforts and the ransom would be cut short as fighting began near Monocacy Junction. The Confederates launched a full assault in the early afternoon and drove the Union troops from the field. Now the road to the national capital was open.

But temperatures in the 90s were taking a toll. The Southern soldiers straggled into the District of Columbia that evening and the next morning. By then, the rest of the Union VI Corps had arrived to man the fortifications around the capital. Until then, it had been a handful of soldiers, those who had been wounded but were sufficiently recovered for lighter duty, and clerks from various government offices – and generals. Eight Union generals were present in Washington that weekend prompting Halleck to say, “We have five times as many generals here as we want, but are greatly in need of privates. Anyone volunteering in that capacity will be thankfully received.”

Early hesitated to commit his men to an attack. Skirmishing did develop on both July 10 and 11, but ultimately, the Confederate commander decided to retreat. Meanwhile, Bradley Johnson and his troopers had reached Baltimore causing much panic and had turned south enroute to Point Lookout Prison. Word was sent to Johnson that the “raid” was now over. The Confederates crossed back into Virginia. , commander of the VI corps took over direction of the pursuit. Additionally, the Army of West Virginia began to arrive at Martinsburg and Harpers Ferry. CHICAGO CIVIL WAR ROUNDTABLE SHENANDOAH VALLEY – 1864 Page 6 of 83

In response, Early fell back into the Valley to be better positioned to repel either of these threats. The first clash came on July 18 at Cool Spring just east of Berryville near Snicker’s Gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains. Here, the Confederates successfully defeated the Union attempt to cross the . Ultimately, Early had to retreat as troops under Hunter moved out of Harpers Ferry and federals under Brigadier General William W. Averell moved south up the from Martinsburg. Early ordered Major General Stephen D. Ramseur’s division to protect the withdrawal. Ramseur placed his men two miles north of Winchester at while the rest of the Confederate troops turned south upon reaching Winchester and headed toward Strasburg. Ramseur decided not to remain on the defensive when he learned of the approach of Averell’s force. While his troops were advancing, they were struck by the federals. The Southern line broke and the Ramseur’s men made their way back into Winchester.

Believing that the Confederates were in retreat to Richmond and that the situation was firmly under control, Major General Horatio Wright marched his troops toward Washington with the intention of having them transported back to Petersburg. This left about 11,500 men under the command of Brigadier General in the Valley. The Army of the Valley numbered close to 17,000 men and was now assembled between Middletown and Strasburg. Early was furious over Ramseur’s action which had cost four hundred men and the loss of Winchester. But, the situation now presented an opportunity to further the primary goal of tying down as many Union troops as possible. Early marched his men north to attack Union forces at Kernstown just south of Winchester. This was on ground that ’s troops had lost a battle two years and four months earlier that opened his campaign in the Valley. Crook believed that the enemy force confronting him was not all that large and he ordered James A. Mulligan, prominent in the Chicago Irish community prior to the war, to attack. Mulligan sent word that that the enemy was too numerous and that an attack would be disastrous. Crook snapped, “Colonel Mulligan is mistaken. I have full and accurate information. There is nothing in his front but a few bushwhackers.” Soon realizing that more troops were needed, Crook sent Rutherford B. Hayes brigade into the attack. Early’s force, now assembled, launched its own attack driving the Northern troops from the field (Mulligan was mortally wounded) and back through Winchester. The victory cost Early about two hundred casualties while killing and wounding 900 Union soldiers and capturing 300 more.

Ulysses Grant and Abraham Lincoln had had enough. What should have ended, from the Union perspective, with the defeat of Breckenridge’s force and the capture of Lynchburg and the cutting of the Southside Railroad in early May, had turned into a potentially dangerous situation. Early released his cavalry, whom he blamed for not allowing him to gain a greater victory by cutting off the Union retreat, to raid northern territory. Two thousand eight hundred Rebel cavalry under John McCausland rode into Chambersburg, Pennsylvania and demanded $100,000 in gold or $500,000 in greenbacks. Unable to produce the ransom, McCausland ordered the town burned. Pursued by Federal cavalry under Averell, the Confederates re-crossed the Potomac River on August 2.

The response from Grant was intended to bring a finality to Confederate operations in the Shenandoah Valley. He ordered the VI Corps and the XIX Corps to the Valley along with two divisions of cavalry. Grant also appointed a new commander to take charge of this new force that would be created by joining these reinforcements with Crook’s troops: Major General Phillip Henry Sheridan. CHICAGO CIVIL WAR ROUNDTABLE SHENANDOAH VALLEY – 1864 Page 7 of 83

Sheridan took command at Harpers Ferry and began to assemble his troops. Initially, he was cautioned by both Grant and Lincoln because it was feared that even one more Union defeat would be unacceptable to the Northern people and could directly impact the presidential election which was now only three months away.

On the second of September, Atlanta fell to Sherman’s army group. Now there was some breathing room. Sheridan had ordered his force west to Halltown and then south toward Berryville. Crook’s troops, now the VIII Corps of the newly christened Army of the Shenandoah, were just making camp on September 3 when elements of Major General Richard H. Anderson’s division happened upon them. In the process, Anderson inflicted three hundred fifteen casualties and suffered two hundred ninety-five. Early ordered up the rest of his army during the night, but realized that the whole Union army was nearby and too strong to be attacked.

Sheridan, however, was finally readying for an attack. Looking for more information on Confederate troop strengths and dispositions, he asked for a local source. Crook recommended a twenty-four year old school teacher in Winchester, Rebecca Wright. Using a local slave, Thomas Laws, to send a request for this information to Wright, Sheridan learned that some of the more recently arrived Confederate troops from the Army of Northern Virginia had been ordered back to Richmond. While Rebecca Wright was unsure of exact numbers of troops, she was convinced that, “the force is much smaller than represented.” That same day Grant arrived in Harpers Ferry and sent word to Sheridan to meet with him there the next day. Sheridan did just that and explained his plan of attack and was so “positive in his views, and so confident of success” according to Grant that all he, Grant, could say was, “Go in.”

Two days later, on Monday, September 19, that is exactly what Sheridan did. The Army of the Shenandoah began to assault the Confederates to the east of Winchester. Early brought up more troops and eventually launched a counterattack. More Union soldiers came up, the battle continued to grow, but the Northern line held. By afternoon, the scope of the fighting and the numbers of troops engaged made this the largest battle fought in the Valley. Sheridan ordered another attack and Union troops advanced from the east and the north and eventually in Sheridan’s words, he sent Early “a whirling through Winchester”.

Early’s troops fell back to Fisher’s Hill and there took up a defensive position. Three days later, on September 22, the Army of the Shenandoah attacked again. Sheridan sent Crook’s corps on a flanking movement to the west. The movement completed, Crook’s veterans assaulted the Confederates and soon, being in an untenable position, the Southern army retreated. Sheridan now began to feel confident that the campaign was over, the Confederates had been defeated. He ordered his cavalry to carry out Grant’s original orders to deprive the Confederacy of the food production in the Valley. One thousand two hundred barns were burned, seventy mills were burned, four hundred thirty- five thousand bushels of wheat were burned, and eleven thousand head of cattle were seized during the last week of September and the first week of October.

Confederate cavalry, however, continued to pose a problem. Sheridan told Major General Alfred Torbert to go whip the rebel cavalry or get whipped himself. The next day, October 9, the CHICAGO CIVIL WAR ROUNDTABLE SHENANDOAH VALLEY – 1864 Page 8 of 83

mounted troopers clashed along Tom’s Brook in an action that resulted in fifty-six Union casualties and three hundred and fifty Confederate casualties and the remainder of the Southern force being driven off.

Early, however, was not finished. Having been reinforced with an additional three thousand men, he planned one more offensive. The Army of the Valley, now about fifteen thousand strong, marched north down the Valley. The Army of the Shenandoah numbered just less than thirty-two thousand and was encamped along the north bank of Cedar Creek around the Belle Grove mansion just south of Middletown. Sheridan, feeling entirely confident that Early’s army could pose no problems, departed for Washington to meet with President Lincoln and Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton. After the meeting, he returned by way of Harpers Ferry and spent the night of October 18 in Winchester, about fourteen miles from his army’s encampment. During the night, the Confederate troops marched down to Cedar Creek and the North Fork of the Shenandoah River. They began to cross at dawn.

The attack came off as a surprise and the Union troops scrambled to the fight. The Southerners swept into the camps of the Army of the Shenandoah and eventually pushed the Northern troops back. Sheridan learned of the situation and rode to the front. He rallied the troops and prepared for a counterattack. He was greatly aided in this by the Confederates who had largely stopped to help themselves to food and supplies in the overrun Union camps. The Army of the Shenandoah launched its counterattack and drove the Confederates from the field. The Union force suffered about five thousand three hundred casualties while the Confederates lost just over three thousand. This Union victory secured the Shenandoah Valley, removed the Army of the Valley as a fighting force, and boosted Lincoln’s chance for reelection just three weeks later.

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Lower Shenandoah Valley

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Army of the Shenandoah

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Army of the Valley

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Maps Overview Shenandoah Valley Campaigns May-June 1864

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Battle of New Market Map 1

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Battle of New Market Map 2

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Battle of New Market Map 3

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Battle of New Market Map4

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Overview Shenandoah Valley Campaigns August-October 1864

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Cool Spring Map 1 July 18, 1864

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Cool Spring Map 2 July 18, 1864

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Cool Spring Map 3 July 18, 1864

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Cool Spring Map 4 & 5 July 18, 1864

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Battle of Rutherford’s Farm Maps 1&2 July 20, 1864

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Approach to Kernstown

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2nd Battle of Kernstown, Map 1 July 24, 1864

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2nd Battle of Kernstown, Map 2 July 24, 1864

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2nd Battle of Kernstown, Map 3 July 24, 1864

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2nd Battle of Kernstown, Map 4 – Close of Battle

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Winchester – Map 1 - Union Advance on Berryville Pike Sept 19, 1864

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Winchester – Map 2 - Union Cavalry Creek Crossings Sept 19, 1864

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Winchester – Map 3 – Opening Attacks Sept 19, 1864

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Winchester – Map 4 – Confederates Counterattack Sept 19, 1864

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Winchester – Map 5 – The Union Line Holds Sept 19, 1864

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Winchester – Map 6a – The Railroad Fight Sept 19, 1864

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Winchester – Map 6b – Crook’s and Tobert’s Attack Sewpt 19, 1864

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Winchester – Map 7 - Retreat to Smithfield Redoubt Sept 19, 1864

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Winchester – Map 8 – Early’s Army is Routed Sept 19, 1864

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Battle of Fisher’s Hill - Earthworks September 20, 1864

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Battle of Fisher’s Hill - Situation before battle, night of September 20-21, 1864

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Battle of Fisher’s Hill - Situation before Fisher’s Hill September 21, 1864

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Battle of Fisher’s Hill - Situation before Fisher’s Hill September 22, 1864 Pre Battle

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Battle of Fisher’s Hill, September 22, 1864

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Battle of Fisher’s Hill – Crook’s Opening Attack, September 22, 1864

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Battle of Fisher’s Hill – Attack on Ramseur’s Hill, September 22, 1864

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Battle of Fisher’s Hill – Attacks East of the Railroad, September 22, 1864

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Battle of Fisher’s Hill – Pegram’s Line Disintegrates September 21, 1864

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Battle of Fisher’s Hill – Crook Reaches the Pike September. 21, 1864

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Cedar Creek – Situation before battle, night of October 18-19, 1864

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Cedar Creek – Early Morning October 19, 1864

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Cedar Creek – October 19, 1864, 5:30am

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Cedar Creek – October 19, 1864, -6:00am & 6:30am

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Cedar Creek – October 19, 1864, 7:00am

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Cedar Creek – October 19, 1864, 7:30am

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Cedar Creek – October 19, 1864, 8:00 -9:00am

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Cedar Creek – October 19, 1864, 10:30am

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Cedar Creek – October 19, 1864, 11:30am & 1:00pm

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Cedar Creek – October 19, 1864, 4:00pm & 4:15pm

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Cedar Creek – October 19, 1864, 4:30pm & 5:00pm

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Sheridan's Ride Thomas Buchanan Read

Up from the South, at break of day, Bringing to Winchester fresh dismay, The affrighted air with a shudder bore, Like a herald in haste to the chieftain's door, The terrible grumble, and rumble, and roar, Telling the battle was on once more, And Sheridan twenty miles away.

And wider still those billows of war Thundered along the horizon's bar; And louder yet into Winchester rolled The roar of that red sea uncontrolled, Making the blood of the listener cold, As he thought of the stake in that fiery fray, With Sheridan twenty miles away.

But there is a road from Winchester town, A good, broad highway leading down: And there, through the flush of the morning light, A steed as black as the steeds of night Was seen to pass, as with eagle flight; As if he knew the terrible need, He stretched away with his utmost speed. Hills rose and fell, but his heart was gay, With Sheridan fifteen miles away.

Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon's mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster. The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a barque fed with furnace ire, CHICAGO CIVIL WAR ROUNDTABLE SHENANDOAH VALLEY – 1864 Page 59 of 83

Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire; But, lo! he is nearing his heart's desire; He is snuffing the smoke of the roaring fray, With Sheridan only five miles away.

The first that the general saw were the groups Of stragglers, and then the retreating troops; What was to be done? what to do?--a glance told him both. Then striking his spurs with a terrible oath, He dashed down the line, 'mid a storm of huzzas, And the wave of retreat checked its course there, because The sight of the master compelled it to pause. With foam and with dust the black charger was gray; By the flash of his eye, and his red nostril's play, He seemed to the whole great army to say: "I have brought you Sheridan all the way From Winchester down to save the day."

Hurrah! hurrah for Sheridan! Hurrah! hurrah for horse and man! And when their statues are placed on high Under the dome of the Union sky, The American soldier's Temple of Fame, There, with the glorious general's name, Be it said, in letters both bold and bright: "Here is the steed that saved the day By carrying Sheridan into the fight, From Winchester--twenty miles away!"

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Order of Battle New Market, Virginia

U.S. Department of West Virginia Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel First Infantry Division Brig. Gen. Jeremiah C. Sullivan 1st Brigade Col. Augustus Moor 18th Connecticut Infantry Maj. Henry Peale 28th Ohio Infantry Lt. Col. Gottfried Becker 116th Ohio Infantry Col. James Washburn 123d Ohio Infantry Maj. Horace Kellogg 2d Brigade Col. 1st West Virginia Infantry Lt. Col. Jacob Weddle 12th West Virginia Infantry Col. William B. Curtis 34th Massachusetts Infantry Col. George D. Wells 54th Pennsylvania Infantry Col. Jacob M. Campbell

First Cavalry Division Maj. Gen. 1st Brigade Col. William B. Tibbitts 1st New York Cavalry (-) (Veteran) Col. Robert F. Taylor 1st New York Cavalry (Lincoln) Lt. Col. Alonzo W. Adams 1st Maryland Cavalry (det.) (Potomac Home) Maj. J. T. Daniel 21st West Virginia Cavalry Maj. Charles C. Otis 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry Capt. Ashbel F. Duncan 2d Brigade Col. John E. Wynkoop 15th New York Cavalry Maj. H. Roessler 20th Pennsylvania Cavalry Maj. R. B. Douglas 22d Pennsylvania Cavalry (det.) 1st Lt. Caleb McNulty Artillery Battery B, Maryland Light (3" rifle) Capt. Alonzo Snow 30th Battery, New York (12-lb. Nap.) Capt. Albert von Kleiser Battery D, 1st West Virginia Light (3" rifle) Capt. John Carlin Battery G, 1st West Virginia Light (3" rifle) Capt. Chatham T. Ewing Battery B, 5th United States (3" rifle) Capt. Henry A. DuPont

C.S. Western Department of Virginia Maj. Gen. John C. Breckinridge

Infantry Division

1st Brigade Brig. Gen.

22d Virginia Infantry Col. George S. Patton 23d Virginia Battalion Lt. Col. Clarence Derrick 26th Virginia Battalion Lt. Col. George M. Edgar 2d Brigade Brig. Gen. Gabriel C. Wharton 30th Virginia Battalion Lt. Col. J. Lyle Clark 51st Virginia Infantry Lt. Col. John P. Wolfe CHICAGO CIVIL WAR ROUNDTABLE SHENANDOAH VALLEY – 1864 Page 61 of 83

62d Virginia Infantry (Mtd.) Col. George H. Smith Co. A, 1st Missouri Cavalry (Inf.) Capt. Charles H. Woodson 23d Virginia Cavalry (Inf.) Col. Robert White VMI Cadets Lt. Col. Cavalry, Valley District Brig. Gen. John D. Imboden 18th Virginia Cavalry Col. George W. Imboden Misc. dets. 2d Maryland, 23d Virginia, 43d Virginia (Partisans) Artillery Maj. William McLaughlin Chapman's (Virginia) Battery (4 how., 2 rifle) Capt. George B. Chapman Jackson's (Virginia) Battery (I rifle, 3 12-lb. Nap.) 1st Lt. Randolph H. Blain McClanahan's (Virginia) Battery (2 how., 4 rifle) Capt. John McClanahan VMI Section (2 rifle) Cadet Capt. C. H. Minge

Total Effectives

Federal Forces

Infantry 5,245 (approx. 3,750 engaged) Cavalry 3,035 (approx. 2,000 engaged) Artillery (22 guns) 660 (approx. 530 engaged) Total: 8,940 (6,280)

Confederate Forces

Infantry and dismounted cavalry 4,249 (approx. 3,800 engaged) Cavalry 735 (all engaged) Artillery (18 guns) 341 (all engaged) Total: 5,325 (4,876)

Casualties

KIA WIA MIA TOTAL (%)

97 520 225 841 (13%)

43 + 474 + 3 531 + (c. 13%)

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Shenandoah Valley Campaign

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Second Battle of Kernstown

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Second Battle of Kernstown - continued

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Third Battle of Winchester

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Third Battle of Winchester - continued

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Third Battle of Winchester - continued

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Third Battle of Winchester - continued

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Third Battle of Winchester

Date September 19, 1864

Frederick County, near Winchester, Virginia Location Coordinates: 39°11′44″N 78°07′57″W39.1956°N 78.1325°W

Result Union victory

Belligerents

United States (Union) CSA (Confederacy)

Commanders and leaders

Philip Sheridan

Units involved

Army of the Shenandoah Army of the Valley

Strength

~40,000[1] ~12,000[2]

Casualties and losses

5,020[3] 3,610[3]

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Battle of Cedar Creek

Date October 19, 1864

Frederick County, Shenandoah County and Warren County, Location Virginia

Result Union victory

Belligerents

United States (Union) CSA (Confederacy)

Commanders and leaders

Philip Sheridan Jubal Early

Units involved

Army of the Shenandoah Army of the Valley

Strength

31,610[1] 21,102[2]

Casualties and losses

5,764 2,910 (569 killed, 3,425 wounded, 1,770 missing)[3] (320 killed, 1,540 wounded, 1,050 missing)[3]

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Orders and Ammunition Marshall D. Krolick

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Valley Campaign of 1864. CHICAGO CIVIL WAR ROUNDTABLE SHENANDOAH VALLEY – 1864 Page 77 of 83

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Blue and Gray Magazine Volume Issue Year Title XV 2 1997 Winchester in the Civil War, Jerry Holsworth CHICAGO CIVIL WAR ROUNDTABLE SHENANDOAH VALLEY – 1864 Page 78 of 83

XVI 4 1999 The Battle of New Market, Jerry Holsworth XXIII 3 2006 The Shenandoah Valley July 1864, Scott Patchan XXIV 5 2008 The Battle of Fisher’s Hill, Scott Patchan XXVII 2 2010 The Third Battle of Winchester, Scott Patchan XXIV 1 2007 The Battle of Cedar Creek, Scott Patchan

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