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Gold in Antique Copper Alloys
Gold in Antique Copper Alloys Paul T. Craddock cent of either gold or silver would make to the appearance of Research Laboratory, The British Museum, London, U.K. the copper. However, although we can accept the story of its accidental discovery two centuries before Pliny's time as Lost continents, lost cities and fabulous materials from past apocryphal it is difficult to dismiss the latter's description of ages have a natural fascination for scholar and layman alike. its popularity with collectors and its high value in his own Since the Renaissance, men have sought examples of Corin- time. It would seem that in Pliny's day the term Corinthian thian Bronze, the precious alloy much extolled by antient Bronze was used to describe a group of alloys which were writers and have tried to establish its nature. As indicative of readily distinguished and appreciated, and for which attitudes towards it, Thomas Corayte (1) described the bronze collectors were willing to pay a high price. horses of San Marco in Venice as being 'a remarkable monu- The first step towards recognizing surviving examples of ment, four goodly brazen horses of Corinthian metal and this material was, of course, to have some idea of its fully as great as life' , apparently for no better reason than that appearance. Small quantities of gold and silver incorporated he thought such noble statuary demanded the most prized in copper are known to have a dramatic effect on the resulting bronze metal of them all. Further, in Pliny's 'Natural alloys if they are subsequently treated in a suitable manner. -
Elemental Metals Combiningscientific Facts with Medieval
Elemental Metals Copper Element: Earth, Water, Wood, Lightning, Metal Combiningscientific facts with medievalAvailability: Common folklore and New Age mysticism,Elemental Copper is an essential trace nutrient for animal and Metals provides you with information to helpplant life. It is also one of the most common metals and has excellent electrical conductivity, making it highly you customize weapons, armor, tools, and otheruseful for electronics. Copper resists corrosion from magical items. Each metal’s listing includes itswater, but is slowly oxidized in by oxygen in the air. relative availability, elemental affinities, and an Copper is the metal of choice when employing overview of its magical properties. Us as aemeralds into magical items. It has a strong affinity companion along withElemental Gemstones towith the gem, and conducts the gem’s power well. design your dream weapons, armor, or artifacts.Healing wands and staves are often made of copper. The combination of copper and emerald also cre- This product is designed to be usable withates potent charms to attract or protect wealth. any roleplaying system, however it will be of the most value when used with theKarma Role-Iron playing System. Element: Earth, Fire Availability: Common Iron is an abundant, heavy metal used in a wide range of items. It is perhaps the most important metal in civilization, because of its wide range of uses. Base metals are those metals that are most common and Iron is rarely used magically in anything but weap- easily available. But just because they are common andons and armor. It is too heavy to be a practical metal inexpensive, doesn’t mean they are not valuable tofor most jewelry or smaller magic items. -
Masters of Jade Book.Indb
TM BY M ICHAEL A. GOODWIN, ERIC M INTON, JOHN M ØRKE, NEALL R AEMONN P RICE, HOLDEN S HEARER, DEAN S HOMSHAK, CHARLES H. SPAULDING, AND R OBERT V ANCE 1 CREDITS Special Thanks: While this book deviates from Mana- Authors: Michael A. Goodwin, Eric Minton, John Mørke, cle and Coin, we nevertheless owe a debt to the vision Neall Raemonn Price, Holden Shearer, Dean Shomshak, of Geoffrey C. Grabowski, who used the Guild to show Charles H. Spaulding, and Robert Vance us Creation. I’d also like to thank Allison Cheek for her Developer: John Mørke with Holden Shearer good taste in movies, and for being my first reader. Also Editor: Stephen Lea Sheppard a big thanks to Liz Grushcow for her attention to detail. Creative Director: Rich Thomas Lastly to Michael Goodwin, who fought through pain to Art Direction and Layout: Brian Glass make his contribution to this book the best it could be. Artists: Tazio Bettin, Groundbreakers Studio and Melissa Uran Cover Art: Melissa Uran © 2012 CCP hf. All rights reserved. Reproduction without the written permission of the publisher is expressly forbidden, except for the purposes of reviews, and for blank character sheets, which may be reproduced for personal use only. White Wolf and Exalted are registered trademarks of CCP hf. All rights reserved. Scroll of Exalts, Scroll of Heroes, Scroll of Kings, Scroll of the Monk, Scroll of the Monk the Imperfect Lotus, Scroll of Fallen Races, the Manual of Exalted Power the Dragon-Blooded, the Manual of Exalted Power the Lunars, the Manual of Exalted Power the Sidereals, -
OPMS-History-Profile.Pdf
A Year in ReviewThe Daily 1878 Picayune New Orleans, Louisiana Edgar Degas remains in city Yellow Jack Claims 4,000 Lives of Mother’s birth to continue Another major out break of Yellow Fever August 27 - Published Account of started this year with the docking of the Emily Impact on Area Physicians artistry B. Souder, a steamer from the tropics. Four “This is a trying time for our physicians. The thousand four hundred and forty-six died and cases of prevailing fever reported from day more than 27,000 contracted the disease. A to day show how much more than their usual quarantine on New Orleans was enforced in labor has devolved upon them. When called Shreveport, Memphis, even Galveston, as the to a case of the fever, they are looked for every city became known as the wet grave. minute with intense anxiety. They know that Mississippi and Texas officials had their mere presence always allays this awful threatened to tear up railroad tracks and fire anxiety which is injurious to the sufferer. upon boats calling on their ports which had After going for hours and hours from house come from New Orleans. to house, the doctor returns to his office or In the Crescent City, carbolic acid and residence to change his saturated clothes and sulfur were burned to keep away the fever. A recent oil on canvas painting: A Cotton get a few minutes’ sleep, only to find some Office in New Orleans; 1872-73 Charity Hospital patients were given salt new and pressing demand for his immediate (See Degas on page 12) shakers filled with calomel and urged to take attention. -
Corinthian Bronze and the Gold of the Alchemists
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Springer - Publisher Connector Corinthian Bronze and the Gold of the Alchemists DavidM Jacobson The Centre fOr RapidDesign and Manufacture, Buckingham Chilterns University College, High Wycombe, HP11 2JZ, UK Received: 1 July 1999 Alloys that went under the name of Corinthian Bronze were highly prized in the Roman Empire at the beginning of the Christian era, when Corinthian Bronze was used to embellish the great gate of Herod's Temple in Jerusalem. From the ancient texts it emerges that Corinthian Bronze was the name given to a family of copper alloys with gold and silver which were depletion gilded to give them a golden or silver lustre. An important centre of production appears to have been Egypt where, by tradition, alchemy had its origins. From an analysis of the earliest alchemical texts, it is suggested that the concept of transmutation of base metals into gold arose from the depletion gilding process. CORINTHIAN BRONZE AND ITS main constituent because it is classified as bronze (aes IDENTIFICATION in Latin), and is discussed by Pliny in the section of his encyclopaedia dealing with copper and bronze. Ancient texts in Latin, Greek, Hebrew and Syriac refer However, Pliny indicates that their hue varied from to a type of metal called Corinthian Bronze which they golden to silvery, depending on the proportions of the prize above all other copper alloys. The Roman precious metal additions, and it was this lustre that encyclopaedist, Pliny, who lived in the 1st century AD, gave this bronze its attractive appearance. -
Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park Natural Resource Condition Assessment
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park Natural Resource Condition Assessment Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/WRD/NRR—2011/288 ON THE COVER. Taiya River Valley Photograph by: Barry Drazkowski, August 2009 Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park Natural Resource Condition Assessment Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/WRD/NRR—2011/288 Barry Drazkowski Andrew Robertson Greta Bernatz GeoSpatial Services Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota 700 Terrace Heights, Box #7 Winona, Minnesota 55987 This report was prepared under Task Agreement J8W07080025 between the National Park Service and Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota, through the Pacific Northwest Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit. January 2011 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado i The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. -
Silver and Gold Coating
Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org Gold & Silver Coatings By A . T . Kakhia 1 Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org 2 Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org Part One General Knowledge 3 Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org 4 Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org Aqua Regia ( Royal Acid ) Freshly prepared aqua regia is colorless, Freshly prepared aqua but it turns orange within seconds. Here, regia to remove metal fresh aqua regia has been added to these salt deposits. NMR tubes to remove all traces of organic material. Contents 1 Introduction 2 Applications 3 Chemistry 3.1 Dissolving gold 3.2 Dissolving platinum 3.3 Reaction with tin 3.4 Decomposition of aqua regia 4 History 1 - Introduction Aqua regia ( Latin and Ancient Italian , lit. "royal water"), aqua regis ( Latin, lit. "king's water") , or nitro – hydro chloric acid is a highly corrosive mixture of acids, a fuming yellow or red solution. The mixture is formed by freshly mixing concentrated nitric acid and hydro chloric acid , optimally in a volume ratio of 1:3. It was named 5 Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org so because it can dissolve the so - called royal or noble metals, gold and platinum. However, titanium, iridium, ruthenium, tantalum, osmium, rhodium and a few other metals are capable of with standing its corrosive properties. IUPAC name Nitric acid hydro chloride Other names aqua regia , Nitro hydrochloric acid Molecular formula HNO3 + 3 H Cl Red , yellow or gold Appearance fuming liquid 3 Density 1.01–1.21 g / cm Melting point − 42 °C Boiling point 108 °C Solubility in water miscible in water Vapor pressure 21 mbar 2 – Applications Aqua regia is primarily used to produce chloro auric acid, the electrolyte in the Wohl will process. -
Conservation and Restoration of Metals
Conservation and restoration of metals For silver objects, see conservation and restoration of sil- It is very important that a conservator of metals has ver objects. For iron and steel objects, see Conservation knowledge of basic metalworking techniques, history of and restoration of iron and steel objects. For copper- metalwork, history of art, archaeology, corrosion of met- based objects, see Conservation and restoration of als, scientific research methods, theory and ethics of copper-based objects. For outdoor bronze objects, see conservation-restoration. Conservation and restoration of outdoor bronze objects. Conservation and restoration of metals is the activ- 1 Metals and alloys commonly used for cultural heritage objects The bronze apoxyomenos, dated to between the 1st and 2nd cen- tury BC, found and recovered from Adriatic sea near the small island Vele Oryule, near island Loshiny, Croatia; example of ar- chaeological metals conservation. • Gold • Silver Derveni krater, bronze, 350 BC, height: 90.5 cm (35 ½ in.), Inv. • Copper B1, Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki, after cleaning and conservation. • Bronze • ity devoted to the protection and preservation of histor- Brass ical (religious, artistic, technical and ethnographic) and • Nickel archaeological objects made partly or entirely of metal. In it are included all activities aimed at preventing or • Nickel silver slowing deterioration of items, as well as improving ac- cessibility and readability of them as objects of cultural • Monel heritage. Despite the fact that metals are generally consid- • Chromium ered as the relatively permanent and stable materials, in contact with the environment they deteriorate gradually, • Iron and Steel some faster and some much slower. This applies espe- cially to archaeological finds. -
Notes from Liberty by Allan Beegle *Australia*Australia 1 Oz1 Oz Kangaroo Kangaroo 10101.00001.00001,261.251,261.251261.251261.25 4.6%4.6% LCS Chief Numismatist
LibertyLiberty Coin Coin Service Service Computer Computer Quotes Quotes 2PM 2PM EDT EDT 9.12.189.12.18 Spot Spot Prices Prices Item Item Qty Qty Fine Fine Wt Wt Price Price Cost/Oz Cost/Oz Premium Premium *U.S.*U.S. 1 1Oz Oz Gold Gold Eagle Eagle 10101.00001.00001,255.251,255.251255.251255.25 4.1%4.1% Gold:Gold: $1,205.75$1,205.75 *U.S.*U.S. 1/2 1/2 Oz Oz Gold Gold Eagle Eagle 10100.50000.5000 647.50647.501295.001295.00 7.4%7.4% Silver:Silver: $14.24$14.24 *U.S.*U.S. 1/4 1/4 Oz Oz Gold Gold Eagle Eagle 10100.25000.2500 333.50333.501334.001334.00 10.6%10.6% Platinum:Platinum: $804.00$804.00 *U.S.*U.S. 1/10 1/10 Oz Oz Gold Gold Eagle Eagle 10100.10000.1000 137.00137.001370.001370.00 13.6%13.6% Palladium:Palladium:$1,003.00$1,003.00 *U.S.*U.S. 1 1Oz Oz Gold Gold Buffalo Buffalo 10101.00001.00001,257.501,257.501257.501257.50 4.3%4.3% *U.S.*U.S. 1 1Oz Oz Medallion Medallion 10101.00001.00001,228.751,228.751228.751228.75 1.9%1.9% *U.S.*U.S. 1/2 1/2 Oz Oz Medallion Medallion 10100.50000.5000 615.50615.501231.001231.00 2.1%2.1% Notes from Liberty By Allan Beegle *Australia*Australia 1 Oz1 Oz Kangaroo Kangaroo 10101.00001.00001,261.251,261.251261.251261.25 4.6%4.6% LCS Chief Numismatist *Austria*Austria 100 100 Corona Corona 10100.98020.98021,202.001,202.001226.281226.28 1.7%1.7% August was again an exceptionally busy *Austria*Austria 1 Oz1 Oz Philharmonic Philharmonic 10101.00001.00001,251.501,251.501251.501251.50 3.8%3.8%month. -
Ytiss Aso Imeats
T K X E C U X O R ' S SALE. — CATALOGUE +0F THE-f- A N D V A L U A B L E COLLECTION rrx-SE ¥M. H.SMITH, OF D ,H., 4-G0MPRISING+ ^ ^diiSYai y t i s s A s o i M e A t s , 0 . 0 . ' T O B E : S O I ^ n A X A X J C X I O B f B V M e s s r s . T h o m a s & s o n s . , 13© ^ 1-ii s. :h'otti2TI2: st-, Moiaj, TaesJay, WeJaesilaf aiiJ TliiirsSaj, Jaa 19,20,21,22,1885, CioTn.i33.e3a.c5.rxg: Q.t S o'cloclb: 2^. < j o o c l H O i l i ; : K l i l i ) i t l o > i o i t d a y s o f s a l e , f r o m l o A . M . t o i l » . M . C A T A L O G U E B Y J O H N W . H A S E L T I N E , 20I S. EI^EVEJSXH ST., I»HH,AD'A. LTI.IAri H. LOW O F — — — ^ _ P. w n SIZ a M A N N & CO., ej.i li!!OADWAY, MEW YORK; Coii;~i, I.lccl-.la and Toltei.i>ik 1 I 1 1 ill il 111111111! 1 1 |1| 5 1 2 . 1 6 2 0 2 4. 2a 0 111 1111 i 1 -LLLL. ( I ill ill t > , i A 6 4 - D H 4 B r > 2 3 6 6 0 B 4 1 1 TyrIJT frp-T]TTT 1 f 1 1 i|i i r 11 M111 1 i" r 1 Senior th. -
MARCH 2020 Each Month at 7:00 P.M
May your pockets be Heavy and your heart be light! YOUR TWO CENTS WORTH- The Tyler, Texas Coin Club (TCC) meets on the second Tuesday of MARCH 2020 each month at 7:00 p.m. Please Visit the Tyler, Texas Coin Club consider yourself welcome. Meet- in person and on the internet at: ings include great fellowship, nu- tylercoinclub.org mismatic education, a brief busi- ness session, and a spirited numis- matic auction. The TCC meets on the campus of the University of Texas Tyler in room 133 of the W. T. Brookshire Building. Enter the campus via the identified “west entrance” off University Boulevard. Turn toward campus onto Patriot Dr. Enter campus and proceed on Campus Dr. to Parking Lot P10. (See map) The W. T. Brookshire Building is in full view from the parking lot just to the right of the library. Numismatic Notes Thoughts from Our President Lane B. Spring break! It’s one of the best parts of March, right behind the second Tuesday, of course! And for those of us who are not heading out of town on vacation, it’s a great time to do some ‘spring cleaning’ of our numismatic holdings. And no, I don’t mean for you to break out the e-Z-est® or Brasso® and attack your ‘tarnished’ coins. I am thinking more along the lines of organizing your sets, pulling duplicates, and updating your want lists. And when you have all the information on what you need and what you want to sell or trade, it’s time to think about our club auction. -
WO 2018/052537 Al 22 March 2018 (22.03.2018) W !P O PCT
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2018/052537 Al 22 March 2018 (22.03.2018) W !P O PCT (51) International Patent Classification: (74) Agent: TSIBULEVSKIY, Roman; Dentons US LLP, P.O. B32B 7/12 (2006.01) B32B 1/08 (2006.01) BOX 061080, Wacker Drive Station, Willis Tower, Chica B32B 15/08 (2006.01) B32B 37/12 (2006.01) go, IL 60606 (US). B32B 15/09 (2006.01) F16L 9/18 (2006.01) (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every B32B 15/18 (2006.01) F24F 13/02 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, B32B 15/20 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (21) International Application Number: CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, PCT/US2017/04395 1 DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, (22) International Filing Date: KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, 26 July 2017 (26.07.2017) MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (25) Filing Language: English OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY,TH, TJ, TM, TN, (26) Publication Language: English TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW.