A Year in ReviewThe Daily 1878 Picayune New Orleans, Louisiana

Edgar Degas remains in city Yellow Jack Claims 4,000 Lives of Mother’s birth to continue Another major out break of Yellow Fever August 27 - Published Account of started this year with the docking of the Emily Impact on Area Physicians artistry B. Souder, a steamer from the tropics. Four “This is a trying time for our physicians. The thousand four hundred and forty-six died and cases of prevailing fever reported from day more than 27,000 contracted the disease. A to day show how much more than their usual quarantine on New Orleans was enforced in labor has devolved upon them. When called Shreveport, Memphis, even Galveston, as the to a case of the fever, they are looked for every city became known as the wet grave. minute with intense anxiety. They know that Mississippi and Texas officials had their mere presence always allays this awful threatened to tear up railroad tracks and fire anxiety which is injurious to the sufferer. upon boats calling on their ports which had After going for hours and hours from house come from New Orleans. to house, the doctor returns to his office or In the Crescent City, carbolic acid and residence to change his saturated clothes and sulfur were burned to keep away the fever. A recent oil on canvas painting: A Cotton get a few minutes’ sleep, only to find some Office in New Orleans; 1872-73 Charity Hospital patients were given salt new and pressing demand for his immediate (See Degas on page 12) shakers filled with calomel and urged to take attention. But with all his toil, his broken a pinch whenever they felt like it. Everyday rest, and his never-ceasing annoyances, he is as many as 47 people died as family carriages expected to wear a placid countenance in Epidemic leads doctors to or dead wagons piled high with wooden every sick room, to speak in quiet tones, and coffins made their way to the cemeteries. This to listen patiently to all that nurses, patients form local society particular outbreak had a devastating impact or friends may have to communicate. Dr. Charles Turpin named president on children in the New Orleans area. The family doctor is the family’s best and In April, 1878, Doctors disagreed about the right most welcome friend. As a rule, he deserves thirteen doctors met treatment for the fever. Some used violent all this confidence, esteem and friendship. to form a local remedies, too violent for children so young, The exceptions are very uncommon, and organization to be who were besides exposed to the powerful among our Southern people almost affiliated with the emanations of carbolic acid. Many doctors unknown.” Louisiana State found it to be injurious to them and resorted Medical Society, to other, less stringent, methods of treatment. Hardee Map: New Orleans in 1878 formed earlier in the year. A number of physicians organi- Dr. Charles Turpin zations had been formed before, but only one other had been successfully sustained. At the first meeting, the following objects were included in the preamble of the organization’s constitution: (1) The union in this society of all the reputable members of the regular medical profession, residing in the parish, and cooperating with the medical profession throughout the state in sustaining the Louisiana State Medical Society. (2) The advancement of State Medicine, i.e. of Public Hygiene (or Preventive Medicine), of Medical Education, of Medical Jurisprudence, and of Public Institutions for the sick and infirmed. (3) The cultivation of medical knowledge, and particularly of such parts thereof as may (continued on page 2) The Daily Picayune 1878 in Review HEADLINES OF 1878: News in New Orleans The following headlines represent news of the year 1878 and represent a taste of life for New Orleanians: “Segregation begins in the New Orleans School system.” “The New Orleans Mint reopens after being closed for several years” “Isaac W. Patton serves as Mayor of New Orleans” “The Marist Fathers’ order enters the Archdiocese of New Orleans” “The Times Democrat newspaper begins publication in New Orleans”

Local physician shown caring for a child during the recent “New Orleans Premier of Bizet’s “Carmen” opens in French Opera House after Yellow Fever epidemic. This year’s fever was particularly several-year closure” hard on children in New Orleans. “Rex ball theme: “The Gods Modernized”; James I. Day serves as Rex with Queen Jessie Hay” Doctors’ society formed “First French Chamber of Commerce outside of France opens in New Orleans” be of special importance to this parish and “Democrats use violence and fraud to win black precincts in state elections” State. “Comus will not parade next year; Money saved to be spent running soup kitchen for (4) The elevation of professional character stricken citizens all through September.” and attainments, and the promotion of the welfare in all matters relating to medical “Inaugural parade held by the Phunny Phorty Phellows; follows Rex on Mardi Gras on science of the profession and of the public. February 25” Other officers of the Orleans Parish Medical Society, as the new organization will “State Senator Thomas C. Anderson is the first member of the State Returning Board be called, are Dr. E.S. Lewis (Vice President); gets two years hard labor for role in election fraud which helped Republicans gain a Dr. J.P. Davidson (Vice President); Dr. A.B. slight edge in elections.” Miles (Record-ing Secretary); Dr. D. Jamison (Corresponding Secretary). The remainder of “Two governors still preside over state; Nicholls (Republican) & Packard (Democrat)” the thirteen founding members include Dr. S.E. Chaille, Dr. S.M. Bemiss, Dr. T.G. Richardson, Dr. S. Logan, Dr. W. H. News in the U.S. this year: Outlook better for 1879 Watkins, Dr. E.D. Beach, Dr. F. Loeber, and Under the presidency of Newspaperman Joseph Pulitzer purchased the Dr. J. Holt. The meeting was called to order Rutherford B. Hayes, St. Louis Dispatch, later to merge it with the St. by Dr. Richardson who was AMA president, business remained in a Louis Post to create the Post-Dispatch, which later presiding over the AMA convention in slump, continuing the would become the cornerstone in a publishing Buffalo last year. after-effects of the Panic empire including the New York World. The first emergency meeting of the new of 1873. During 1878 In Petoskey, Michigan, the last known mass Society was held on August 12, 1878. There over 10,000 businesses sighting of passenger pigeons occurred. In 1914 was no secret about the crisis that drew them President Hayes failed. the species would become extinct when the last together in the medical department building Thomas Edison developed methods for the of the species died in the Cincinnati zoo. of the University of Louisiana, at University cheap production and transmission of On December 17, 1878, greenback legal Place and Common Street, exactly sixteen electricity, portending widespread use to light tender notes achieved par with gold and silver. weeks after the Society was founded. It was cities and homes. This had an adverse effect on For the first time in American history, paper the City’s most recent yellow fever epidemic. gas company stock shares on Wall Street. Edison dollars, gold dollars, and silver dollars all had When the physicians gathered, they hoped continued his experiments to develop a practical the same value. that they could share information about their filament for an At the Philadelphia Mint, production of patients’ cases and, through comparison, they incandescent light bulb. nickel three-cent pieces, Shield nickels, 20-cent could identify how the saffron specter could In the meantime, the pieces, and trade dollars was limited to Proofs be vanquished. inventor tried over 500 for collectors; no business strikes were made Another responsibility of the new different substances. for circulation. Goloid, a “dream metal” organization will be to evaluate the White Soap, later patented by Dr. William Wheeler Hubbell on credentials of physicians wishing to be renamed Ivory Soap, was May 22, 1877, was employed to strike admitted to the Society to ensure that they introduced by Procter & numerous pattern dollars beginning in 1878. are qualified doctors. The Society, as a Gamble in Cincinnati. This alloy contained silver and gold metal in chartered society of the Louisiana State In Deadwood, in the value ratio of 16 to 1, alloyed with 10% Medical Society, will uphold the ethical Dakota Territory, a The first Ivory Soap Lady copper by weight (to add strength). Goloid principles of the American Medical smallpox epidemic swept the inhabitants. Among coins were to be struck with weights and Association and will expect its members to those rendering assistance was Martha Jane proportions on the metric system, hence the do the same. Canary, who became known as Calamity Jane. term goloid metric dollar. 1878 - 2003 in Review The Daily Picayune Orleans Parish Medical Society A Selection of Orleans Parish Presidents 1878-2003 Medical Society “Firsts”

C.C. Turpin, M.D. (1878) J. Kelly Stone, M.D. (1949) April 22, 1878 - Organizational meeting of S.S. Herrick, M.D. (1878 - 1880) C. J. Brown, M.D. (1950) OPMS. Dr. Richardson, AMA president and J.P. Davidson, M.D. Boni J. DeLaureal, M.D. (1951) OPMS member, called the meeting to order. Dr. (1881, 1887, 1888, 1889, 18901) N.J. Tessitore, M.D. (1952) Donald Palmisano will be the second OPMS C. J. Bickham, M.D. (1882) Sam Hobson, M.D. (1953) member to serve in that capacity in 2003. Thomas S. Layton, M.D. (1883) J.O. Weilbaecher, Jr., M.D. (1954) August 12, 1878 - First emergency meeting to P.B. McCutchon, M.D. (1884) Edgar Hull, M.D. (1955) discuss Yellow Fever epidemic. George B. Lawrason, M.D. (1885) A.N. Houston, M.D. (1956) - Felix Formento, M.D. (1886) George H. Hauser, M.D. (1957) 1879 Dr. Fredrick Loeber, first physician in New Orleans to have a telephone. Charles Chassaignac, M.D. Charles B. Odom, M.D. (1958) (1890 - 1891 - 1892 2) Hugh T. Beacham, M.D. (1959) 1882 - First member outside of New Orleans A.W. de Roaldes, M.D. (1893) Oscar Blitz, M.D. (1960) accepted into membership (Dr. D.T. Smith of E.M. Dupaquier, M.D. (1894) J. Theo Brierre, M.D. (1961) Gretna) F.W. Parham, M.D. (1895) John F. Oakley, M.D. (1962) 1889 - Library, run originally by the Medical Edmond Souchon, M.D. (1896) John J. Archinard, M.D. (1963) College of Tulane University, taken over by John Callan, M.D. (1897-1898) John L. Kron, M.D. (1964) OPMS which agreed to engage a librarian. Isadore Dyer, M.D. (1899) W. Charles Miller, M.D. (1965) T.S. Dabney, M.D. (1900) Louis A. Monte, M.D. (1966) May 18, 1894 – First OPMS exclusive head quarters on University Place, half a block from E.D. Martin, M.D. (1901) J. Morgan Lyons, M.D. (1967) Canal Street (2 rooms & a wide hall for $20 a H.B. Gessner, M.D. (1902) W.E. Kittredge, M.D. (1968) month) Edwin J. Graner, M.D. (1903) L. Sidney Charbonnet, Jr., M.D. (1969) M.J. Magruder, M.D. (1904) William P. Bradburn, III, M.D. (1970) April 23, 1904 - Society purchases first domicile L.G. LeBeuf, M.D. (1905) C. F. Bellone, M.D. (1971) at Elk Place and Gasquet Street for $5,000. In C. Jeff Miller, M.D. (1906) Eugene H. Countiss, M.D. (1972 3) four years, the Society outgrew its John J. Archinard, M.D. (1907) Patrick H. Hanley, M.D. (1973) headquarters. The second domicile at 1800 Canal Street, was not purchased until 1979 Amedee Granger, M.D. (1908) Anthony Failla, M.D. (1974) which was sold in 1996. W.H. Seemann, M.D. (1909) Claude C. Craighead, M.D. (1975 4) B.A. Ledbetter, M.D. (1910-1911) Dennis H. Groome, Jr., M.D. (1976 5) March 13, 1913 – Dr. Elizabeth Bass, 1st woman E.H. Walet, M.D. (1912) Charles V. Menendez, M.D. (1976 6) to be elected to active membership. Homer Dupuy, M.D. (1913) Adolph A. Flores, Jr., M.D. (1977) 1914 - First Bubonic Plague death in New 7 C.N. Chavigny, M.D. (1914) Paul F. Naccari, Jr., M.D. (1978 ) Orleans prompts OPMS members to get W.H. Knolle, M.D. (1915-1916) William D. Davis, Jr., M.D. (1979) together for emergency meeting. Paul J. Gelpi, M.D. (1917-1918) Lawrence D. Kavanagh, M.D. (1980) Hector E. Bernadas, M.D. (1919-1920) Richard A. Faust, M.D. (1981) 1914 – Dr. Urban Maes, First doctor ever to take a field station & surgical team to the the battle S.M. Blackshear, M.D. (1921) Charles V. Menendez, M.D. (1982) lines (during WWI) and perform surgery on the W.H. Block, M.D. (1922) Robert R. Burch, M.D. (1983) spot, thus lowering the death rate among the H.W. Kostmayer, M.D. (1923) William S. Renaudin, M.D. (1984) wounded. Chaille Jamison, M.D. (1924) William J. Perret, M.D. (1985) Urban Maes, M.D. (1925) George S. Ellis, M.D. (1986) 1935 - Mimeographed Bulletin of the Orleans Maurice J. Gelpi, M.D. (1926) Jay M. Shames, M.D. (1987) Parish Medical Society makes its debut. A.E. Fossier, M.D. (1927) Raymond F. Kitziger, M.D. (1988) April 14, 1940 - First Executive Secretary, J.B. Guthrie, M.D. (1928) Lynn E. Hickman, M.D. (1989) Alfred J. Kuhlmann, Sr., hired by the Society. E.D. Fenner, M.D. (1929) Russell C. Klein, M.D. (1990) Served 40 years. C. Grenes Cole, M.D. (1930) W. Brooks Emory, M.D. (1991) 1963 - First undertaking of the Society to Emmett Irwin, M.D. (1931) Dudley M. Stewart, Jr., M.D. (1992) coordinate massive immunization effort for J.A. Lanford, M.D. (1932) Susan M. Weyer, M.D. (1993) polio. Twelve tons of sugar cubes were used. E.L. King, M.D. (1933) Rene A. Louapre, III, M.D. (1994) Over 555,000 people immunized. W.R.Metz, M.D. (1934) Paul B. Lansing, M.D. (1995) Val H. Fuchs, M.D. (1935) Vincent A. Culotta, Jr., M.D. (1996) October 13, 1964 – Dr. Charles Frazer is the F.L. Fenno, M.D. (1936) Joseph M. Brenner, M.D. (1997) first coordinator for the First-in-the-nation J.T. Nix, M.D. (1937) Floyd A. Buras, Jr., M.D. (1998) house-call project; which was a 24-hour house- call service conducted by OPMS until 1973. Shirley Lyons, M.D. (1938) Eduardo E. Rodriguez, M.D. (1999) Cassius L. Peacock, M.D. (1939) Charles V. Sanders, Jr., M.D. (2000) May 11, 1965 – Word “White” eliminated from Gilbert C. Anderson, M.D. (1940) James B. Aiken, M.D. (2001) OPMS by-laws; Dr. R.H. Timpton was one of Edwin H. Lawson, M.D. (1941) Edward F. Foulks, M.D. (2002) four African-Americans accepted into Edgar Burns, M.D. (1942) Roger D. Smith, M.D. (2003) membership in June. Henry B. Alsobrook, M.D. (1943) 1975 - Tel-Med established as first health Edwin L. Zander, M.D. (1944) 1. Died in office. 2. Also filled unexpired term of Dr. Davidson. information service in city accessed by Philip H. Jones, M.D. (1945) 3. Died in office telephone. Daniel H. Murphy, M.D. (1946) 4. Also filled unexpired term of Dr. Countiss in 1972. 5. Died in office. 1993 – Dr. Susan Weyer elected first female H. Ashton Thomas, M.D. (1947) 6. Filled unexpired term of Dr. Groome president of OPMS. Max M. Green, M.D. (1948) 7. Also served briefly as president upon death of Dr. Groome in 1976 1878 - 2003 in Review The Daily Picayune

ORLEANS PARISH MEDICAL SOCIETY’S 125TH BIRTHDAY CELEBRATION PLANNING COMMITTEE ROGER D. SMITH, M.D. & EDWARD F. F OULKS, M.D. - CO-CHAIRS

James B. Aiken, M.D. Cary J. Kuhlmann Eduardo Rodriguez, M.D. Patrick C. Breaux, M.D. Mrs. Gerald (Barbara) LaNasa Joseph Sabatier, M.D. Floyd A. Buras, Jr., M.D. Paul Lansing, M.D. Mrs. Joseph (Joyce) Sabatier Isidore Cohn, Jr., M.D. James Moises, M.D. Charles Sanders, Jr., M.D. Gustavo Colon, M.D. Mrs. Paul (Jerleen) Naccari Mrs. Terry (Merle) Segura Susan D’Antoni Paul Naccari, Jr., M.D. Jay Shames, M.D. William Daly, Jr., M.D. Cherie Niles, M.D. Mrs. Roger (Georgie) Smith Mrs. Joseph (Erva) Guenther Thomas Nolan, M.D. Wallace Tomlinson, M.D. Leah Haldeman Janna Pecquet Louis Trachtman, M.D. Lynn Hickman, M.D. E. Quinn Peeper, M.D. Larry Weiss, M.D. Mrs. Lynn (Joan) Hickman William Renaudin, M.D. Susan Weyer, M.D. Emil Koretzky, M.D. Alan Robson, M.D. John Yarborough, Jr., M.D.

1878 & 2003: What’’’ s “In” Then & Now 2003 Women’’’ s Fashion Long-Distance Travel Council of Governors Then: Bustles Then: Ships and Trains Now: Miniskirts Now: Planes Roger D. Smith, M.D., Chair James B. Aiken, M.D. Men’’’ s Formal Fashion Public Health Enemy Then: White Tie Then: Yellow Fever David Borne, M.D. Now: Black Tie Now: AIDS, SARS, West Nile, Bioterrorism Patrick Breaux, M.D. U. S. President Long Distance Communication Floyd Buras, Jr., M.D. Then: Rutherford B. Hayes Then: Carrier Pigeons Vincent A. Culotta, Jr., M.D. Now: George W. Bush Now: FedEx, UPS and USPS William Daly, Jr., M.D. Communication Preferred Music David diLoreto, M.D. Then: Letters & Meetings Then: Classical and spirituals Ricardo Febry, M.D. Now: Email & Cell phones Now: Rap, Hip-Hop, and “Oldies” (1960s) Edward Foulks, M.D. Educational Venue Recent Military Conflict Maureen Hecker-Rodriguez, M.D. Then: Meetings Then: Civil War Thomas Hauth, M.D. Now: Online tutorials Now: Iraqi War Steven Jones, M.D. Transportation Primary New Orleans Industry Kevin Jordan, M.D. Then: Horse & Buggy and Streetcars Then: Import/Export Russell Klein, M.D. Now: SUVs and Vespas Now: Tourism Emil Koretzky, M.D. New Orleans’’’ Favorite Cocktail Medical Economics Janis Letourneau, M.D. Then: Absinthe Sazerac Then: Self-pay and use of the Barter system Now: Sazerac (hold the absinthe) (livestock and vegetables in exchange for care) Harvey Malone, M.D. Now: Predominantly third-party insurance and James Moises, M.D. Louisiana Governor government Cherie Niles, M.D. Then: Two governors - one from each party (Nicholls - Republican & Packard - Democrat) Prominent Artist Thomas Nolan, M.D. Now: Governor Mike Foster Then: Degas, Monet and Manet Roberto Quintal, M.D. Now: Rodrigue New Orleans Mayor Alan Robson, M.D. Then: Isaac Patton Adult Entertainment Venue Eduardo Rodriguez, M.D. Now: C. Ray Nagin Then: Storyville Donald Schexnayder, M.D. Now: Canal Street Brothel Fever Treatment Jay Shames, M.D. Then: Tonics and Bleedings Scandal of the Day Sandra Spedale, M.D. Now: Antibiotics Then: State Returning Board election fraud Dudley Stewart, Jr., M.D. Now: City Hall Corruption; Insurance Commissioner jailed; former Gov. Edwards jailed Louis Trachtman, M.D. in federal prison Larry Weiss, M.D., J.D. Michelle Zembo, M.D.