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Silver and Gold Coating
Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org Gold & Silver Coatings By A . T . Kakhia 1 Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org 2 Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org Part One General Knowledge 3 Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org 4 Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org Aqua Regia ( Royal Acid ) Freshly prepared aqua regia is colorless, Freshly prepared aqua but it turns orange within seconds. Here, regia to remove metal fresh aqua regia has been added to these salt deposits. NMR tubes to remove all traces of organic material. Contents 1 Introduction 2 Applications 3 Chemistry 3.1 Dissolving gold 3.2 Dissolving platinum 3.3 Reaction with tin 3.4 Decomposition of aqua regia 4 History 1 - Introduction Aqua regia ( Latin and Ancient Italian , lit. "royal water"), aqua regis ( Latin, lit. "king's water") , or nitro – hydro chloric acid is a highly corrosive mixture of acids, a fuming yellow or red solution. The mixture is formed by freshly mixing concentrated nitric acid and hydro chloric acid , optimally in a volume ratio of 1:3. It was named 5 Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org so because it can dissolve the so - called royal or noble metals, gold and platinum. However, titanium, iridium, ruthenium, tantalum, osmium, rhodium and a few other metals are capable of with standing its corrosive properties. IUPAC name Nitric acid hydro chloride Other names aqua regia , Nitro hydrochloric acid Molecular formula HNO3 + 3 H Cl Red , yellow or gold Appearance fuming liquid 3 Density 1.01–1.21 g / cm Melting point − 42 °C Boiling point 108 °C Solubility in water miscible in water Vapor pressure 21 mbar 2 – Applications Aqua regia is primarily used to produce chloro auric acid, the electrolyte in the Wohl will process. -
Notes from Liberty by Allan Beegle *Australia*Australia 1 Oz1 Oz Kangaroo Kangaroo 10101.00001.00001,261.251,261.251261.251261.25 4.6%4.6% LCS Chief Numismatist
LibertyLiberty Coin Coin Service Service Computer Computer Quotes Quotes 2PM 2PM EDT EDT 9.12.189.12.18 Spot Spot Prices Prices Item Item Qty Qty Fine Fine Wt Wt Price Price Cost/Oz Cost/Oz Premium Premium *U.S.*U.S. 1 1Oz Oz Gold Gold Eagle Eagle 10101.00001.00001,255.251,255.251255.251255.25 4.1%4.1% Gold:Gold: $1,205.75$1,205.75 *U.S.*U.S. 1/2 1/2 Oz Oz Gold Gold Eagle Eagle 10100.50000.5000 647.50647.501295.001295.00 7.4%7.4% Silver:Silver: $14.24$14.24 *U.S.*U.S. 1/4 1/4 Oz Oz Gold Gold Eagle Eagle 10100.25000.2500 333.50333.501334.001334.00 10.6%10.6% Platinum:Platinum: $804.00$804.00 *U.S.*U.S. 1/10 1/10 Oz Oz Gold Gold Eagle Eagle 10100.10000.1000 137.00137.001370.001370.00 13.6%13.6% Palladium:Palladium:$1,003.00$1,003.00 *U.S.*U.S. 1 1Oz Oz Gold Gold Buffalo Buffalo 10101.00001.00001,257.501,257.501257.501257.50 4.3%4.3% *U.S.*U.S. 1 1Oz Oz Medallion Medallion 10101.00001.00001,228.751,228.751228.751228.75 1.9%1.9% *U.S.*U.S. 1/2 1/2 Oz Oz Medallion Medallion 10100.50000.5000 615.50615.501231.001231.00 2.1%2.1% Notes from Liberty By Allan Beegle *Australia*Australia 1 Oz1 Oz Kangaroo Kangaroo 10101.00001.00001,261.251,261.251261.251261.25 4.6%4.6% LCS Chief Numismatist *Austria*Austria 100 100 Corona Corona 10100.98020.98021,202.001,202.001226.281226.28 1.7%1.7% August was again an exceptionally busy *Austria*Austria 1 Oz1 Oz Philharmonic Philharmonic 10101.00001.00001,251.501,251.501251.501251.50 3.8%3.8%month. -
Ytiss Aso Imeats
T K X E C U X O R ' S SALE. — CATALOGUE +0F THE-f- A N D V A L U A B L E COLLECTION rrx-SE ¥M. H.SMITH, OF D ,H., 4-G0MPRISING+ ^ ^diiSYai y t i s s A s o i M e A t s , 0 . 0 . ' T O B E : S O I ^ n A X A X J C X I O B f B V M e s s r s . T h o m a s & s o n s . , 13© ^ 1-ii s. :h'otti2TI2: st-, Moiaj, TaesJay, WeJaesilaf aiiJ TliiirsSaj, Jaa 19,20,21,22,1885, CioTn.i33.e3a.c5.rxg: Q.t S o'cloclb: 2^. < j o o c l H O i l i ; : K l i l i ) i t l o > i o i t d a y s o f s a l e , f r o m l o A . M . t o i l » . M . C A T A L O G U E B Y J O H N W . H A S E L T I N E , 20I S. EI^EVEJSXH ST., I»HH,AD'A. LTI.IAri H. LOW O F — — — ^ _ P. w n SIZ a M A N N & CO., ej.i li!!OADWAY, MEW YORK; Coii;~i, I.lccl-.la and Toltei.i>ik 1 I 1 1 ill il 111111111! 1 1 |1| 5 1 2 . 1 6 2 0 2 4. 2a 0 111 1111 i 1 -LLLL. ( I ill ill t > , i A 6 4 - D H 4 B r > 2 3 6 6 0 B 4 1 1 TyrIJT frp-T]TTT 1 f 1 1 i|i i r 11 M111 1 i" r 1 Senior th. -
MARCH 2020 Each Month at 7:00 P.M
May your pockets be Heavy and your heart be light! YOUR TWO CENTS WORTH- The Tyler, Texas Coin Club (TCC) meets on the second Tuesday of MARCH 2020 each month at 7:00 p.m. Please Visit the Tyler, Texas Coin Club consider yourself welcome. Meet- in person and on the internet at: ings include great fellowship, nu- tylercoinclub.org mismatic education, a brief busi- ness session, and a spirited numis- matic auction. The TCC meets on the campus of the University of Texas Tyler in room 133 of the W. T. Brookshire Building. Enter the campus via the identified “west entrance” off University Boulevard. Turn toward campus onto Patriot Dr. Enter campus and proceed on Campus Dr. to Parking Lot P10. (See map) The W. T. Brookshire Building is in full view from the parking lot just to the right of the library. Numismatic Notes Thoughts from Our President Lane B. Spring break! It’s one of the best parts of March, right behind the second Tuesday, of course! And for those of us who are not heading out of town on vacation, it’s a great time to do some ‘spring cleaning’ of our numismatic holdings. And no, I don’t mean for you to break out the e-Z-est® or Brasso® and attack your ‘tarnished’ coins. I am thinking more along the lines of organizing your sets, pulling duplicates, and updating your want lists. And when you have all the information on what you need and what you want to sell or trade, it’s time to think about our club auction. -
WO 2018/052537 Al 22 March 2018 (22.03.2018) W !P O PCT
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2018/052537 Al 22 March 2018 (22.03.2018) W !P O PCT (51) International Patent Classification: (74) Agent: TSIBULEVSKIY, Roman; Dentons US LLP, P.O. B32B 7/12 (2006.01) B32B 1/08 (2006.01) BOX 061080, Wacker Drive Station, Willis Tower, Chica B32B 15/08 (2006.01) B32B 37/12 (2006.01) go, IL 60606 (US). B32B 15/09 (2006.01) F16L 9/18 (2006.01) (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every B32B 15/18 (2006.01) F24F 13/02 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, B32B 15/20 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (21) International Application Number: CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, PCT/US2017/04395 1 DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, (22) International Filing Date: KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, 26 July 2017 (26.07.2017) MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (25) Filing Language: English OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY,TH, TJ, TM, TN, (26) Publication Language: English TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. -
Guide to the Numismatic Collection of the Mint of the United States At
Class lL t&_ Book fPsS -•- < a. I Q < Zh- < h- co Q HI H Z GUIDE TO THE NUMISMATIC COLLECTION OF THE MINT OF THE UNITED STATES AT PHILADELPHIA, PA. (SIGIL. THES. AMER. SEPTEN.) , he WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1913 Treasury Department, Document No. 2677. Director of the Mint. 0, OF D, AUG 23 1913 Treasury Department, Office of Director of the Mint, Washington, January 28, 1913. The honorable the Secretary of the Treasury. Sir: The need has long been felt of a small descriptive guide book which could be sold to visitors to the Numismatic Collection in the Philadelphia Mint. A year ago a complete catalogue of the collec- tion, a book of 600 pages, was published, which sells at $1, and public interest in it has justified the publication. This, however, does not fully satisfy the want. There are thousands of visitors annually who would be served and instructed by a small pamphlet that might be sold for much less than the price of the catalogue, and the usefulness of the collection would be greatly enhanced thereby. The copy for such a pamphlet has been prepared by the curator, Mr. T. L. Com- parette, and is now submitted with the recommendation that an edition be printed and offered for sale at the Mint and through the Superintendent of Documents at Washington. Respectfully, Geo. E. Roberts, Director of the Mint. Approved: Franklin MacVeagh, Secretary of the Treasury. (3) QI ^ w p55 ^ m FLOOR PLAN ** °4 < -»*> ^ N —: : CONTENTS. Page. General information concerning coinage of the United States. 7 Brief history of coinage 8 Antique -
Metal Alloys List Pdf
Metal alloys list pdf Continue en: Editar Compartir This is an incomplete list of these alloys, grouped in alphabetical order by the base metal. In these headlines they are not in a certain order. Some of the main elements of the alloy are additionally listed after the name of the alloy. Alloys of aluminum editar editar c'digo Main galleries: Aluminum and aluminum alloy. Alloys bismuth-reditar Editar sedigo Main Gallery: Bismuth. Wooden Metal (lead, tin, cadmium) Pink metal (lead, tin) Cobalt alloys (editar c'digo) Main gallery: Cobalt. Megallium Stellite (chrome, tungsten, carbon) Vitallium alloys of copper editar editar c'digo Main galleries: Copper and copper alloys. Beryllium Copper (beryllium) Billon (silver) Brass (zinc) Bronze (tin, aluminum or any other element) Constantan (nickel) Copper-tungsten (wolfram) Corinthian bronze (gold, silver) Kunife (nickel, iron) Cupronickel (nickel) Silver) Heusler Alloy (manganese, tin) Manganin (manganese, nickel) Molybdochalkos (lead) Nickel silver (nickel) Northern gold (aluminium, zinc, tin) Hakudo (gold) Tumbaga (gold) Alloys gallium alloys of gold (editar c'digo) Main Gallery Gold alloys are expressed in carats. 24-carat gold is a thin gold that is 0.999 or better than purity. If the alloy is mixed, which is 14 parts gold and 10 parts alloy, that is 14 carats of gold, 18 parts gold 18 carats, etc. This is often expressed as a result of the ratio, that is: 14/24 equals .585 (rounded), and 18/24 is .750. Hundreds of possible alloys and blends are possible, but in general the addition of silver will color in green, and the addition of copper will color it in red. -
MARCH 2020 TNA News VOL
MARCH 2020 TNA NEWS VOL. 63 - NO. 1 Serving the Numismatic Community of Texas Make your plans to attend the 2020 TNA Convention May 29-31 Table of Contents March 2020 Volume 63, Number 1 Hello! Planning for the 2020 TNA Show and 2 From the President Convention in Arlington Richard Laster is in full swing, and I hope you will be attending the Ann Marie Avants event this year. It will 4 TNA Reports and Announcements TNA News Editor be a great opportunity 9 Collecting Coins and a Lifetime of Memories: to celebrate the 60th anniversary of our An Interview with Willie Terrazas organization, exchange knowledge, and Jason Elwell add to your collection. This year, there is an opportunity to share your local club 12 Collecting Trios of Silver information with the attendees as part of Mark Benvenuto the educational exhibits. See page 7 of this issue for more information. Additionally, 14 Taking a Different View: TNA Medals Officer Frank Galindo unveils Do Ancient Coins Hide 3-D Images? the 2020 Convention Medal on page 27. Michael E. Marotta Don’t miss his great article on the Texas 18 Questions for Dr. Coyne legend depicted on this year’s piece. We have some great club news in this 21 Buying on the Bourse issue, including a milestone by the John Barber Dallas club and a lifetime achievement 22 Striking Challenges at Casa de Moneda recognition for a member of the El Paso Richard Laster club. The educational articles kick off with a great piece about collecting silver 25 California Fractional Gold dollars by Mark Benvenuto. -
Fgm037o D30 Coin Generator
d30 Random Coinage Generator By Christopher Stogdill (AKA the Frugal GM) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non- Commercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Most fantasy RPGs use a standard coinage consisting of copper (cp), silver (sp), and gold (gp), regardless of relative location or time period within the campaign. The idea be- hind the d30 Random Coinage Generator is that a GM could generate some „odd‰ types of coinage, based off of real-world coin alloys (though with some fantasy names) that would allow for some interesting role-playing opportunities. The main focus of this generator is on the composition, size, and shape of coinage. GMs needing assistance with the appearance of coins should consult the d30 Coin Generator from New Big Dragon Games Unlimited. This generator creates a base coin type, which is a 1‰/25mm round made from assorted alloys and other denominations predominately based off this standard version. Coins are listed with a Standard Value (SV), where 1 SV is equivalent to 1 Gold Piece (gp). Using these tables: Roll 1d30 on Table 1 to select the base 1‰ (25mm) round coin. Roll on the subsequent tables to establish different denominations or to tweak the base coin. To deter- mine the value of any given coin, take the given SV from Table 1 and factor (multiply) in any modifications due to size and/or shape. GM Tip: You may wish to add other SV factors! Table 1: Base Coin (1‰ or 25mm round size) Table 2a: Denominations Roll Result Color Composition SV Roll Results 1 Billon Silver 60% Cu, -
Friday, Feb. 10, 1911
PUBLIC AUCTION of Rare Pattern Coins To Be Held at Kennedy's Auction Rooms B 14 West 29th Street New York City Friday, Feb. 10, 1911. Catalogued by F.D GA K H . A D A M S Nuinismalist. ^ crcr-i?u^ l/VvTfc^ MS\ftA^»XA>v»vji^M-igr" ^ H- Ou£jUArt\/}. Catalogue of Auction Sale of Rare Pattern Coins Comprising many pattern duplicates, in different metals, and of various denominations, belonging to Mr. William H. Woodin, of New York City. Among them the excess- ively rare Commercial dollar of 1875, the famous " School- jrirl" dollar of Barber of 1879, gold 1880 Barber stella in proof, six bright red copper half dollars of 1877, each of different design, "Washlady" silver dollar, "Washlady" half dollar and quarter in copper, Longacre 1872 Com mercial dollar, 1863 dollar with motto, aluminum, and m a n y o t h e r r a r i e t i e s . > = • - = Sale to be held at Kennedy's Auction Rooms 14 West 29th Street N e w Y o r k C i t y FRIDAY, FEB. 10, 1911 At 2:30 P. M. Lots to be sold will be exhibited on the date of sale from 10 A. M. to 1.30 P. Al. Catalogued'by EDGAR H. ADAMS, Numismatist, 40 Fourth Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. cl. 1346 Main. CONDITIONS OF SALE. teems—Cash, on delivery. The lots will be sold at so imicli per piece. A deposit of 25 per cent, must accomi)aiiy all bids, luiiess the bidder is known to tlie cataloguer. -
WORLD NUMISMATICS NEWSLETTER in MEMORY of RARE DATE/ASSAYER INITIALS RICHARD STUART COMBINATIONS 1783FM by Carlos Jara
July / August 2016 WORLD NUMISMATICS NEWSLETTER IN MEMORY OF RARE DATE/ASSAYER INITIALS RICHARD STUART COMBINATIONS 1783FM By Carlos Jara Rare date/assayer initials combinations for the Charles III Mexico City bust types: some considerations. The series of 8 Escudos and 8 Reales of the bust type minted in Mexico City between 1772 and 1789 contain 3 major rarities: the 8 Reales 1778 Mo-FM and 1783 Mo-FM, and the 8 Escudos 1784 Mo-FF. Whilst the numismatic community is well aware of the rarity of these issues – generally recognized as the key-dates of their respective types -, the circumstances behind their mintage seems to be rather poorly understood. We hope this short article will serve to clarify these circumstances, while also showing that most apparently random occurrences at the Mexico (or any Spanish Colonial mint) have a perfectly logical explanation. Introduction It is useful to recall the sequence of date/assayer initials combinations in the bust 8 Reales series for the 1778-1785 period minted in Mexico City. APRIL 23, 1926 – JUNE 20, 2016 Date/assayer initials combination Well known Central American specialist and collector Richard Mo-FF 1778 Stuart passed away on June 20, 2016 in California at age 90. Mr. Mo-FM 1778 Stuart began collecting in the late 1940’s with a broad interest in Latin America. From the early 1980’s onwards, Richard’s sole Mo-FM (?) 1 1779 focus was Central America as he sold his South American Mo-FF 1779 holdings. Most of the latter series (although not identified as such and now widely known as the “Americas” collection) were Mo-FF 1780 auctioned by Kagin’s at the 1983 ANA convention and that sale Mo-FF 1781 catalog remains a reference in its own right. -
Illustrated History of the United States Mint with a Complete Description Of
w{WWfippppiiiifiiii];^^^ mMM HISTORY ,jyi.!;^Jt!,,LU./!iJ)^ UUiJNAlir ANCiKNTAND MODERN, V /' ILLUSTRATED HISTORY United States Mint WITH A (OMPLETE DKSCItll'TK IN OF AN4ERICAN COINAOE, From the earliest period to the present time. Tiie process of Melting, Refining and Assaying Gold and Silver fully described: WITH ISIi)(tRA1'IIICAI> .SKI-TCIIES OF Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, John Jav Knox, James P, Kimball, Daniel M. Fox, and the Mint Officers from its foundation to the present. TO WHICH ARK ADDED A QLOSSARY OK IVIINX TKR\4:S AND THE LATEST OFFICIAL TABLES Annual Products of Gold and Silver In die different States, and Foreign Countries, with Monetary- Statistics of all Nations. ILLUSTRATED with PHOTOTYPES, STEEL PORTRAITS and WOOD ENGRAVINGS, with NUMEROUS PLATES of Photographic Reproductions of RARE AMERICAN COINS, and Price List of their numismatic value. JVew Revised Editio7i, Edited by the Publisher. PHILADELPHIA: GEORGE G. EVANS, Publisher. 1885. Copyrighted l»y George G. Evans. 1885. DUNLAP & CLARKE, POINTERS AND BOOK BINDERS, S19-'2\ FiLBEET Street, Philadelphia. INDEX PAGE Adjustiug room 32 American coius in Hawaii 141 ' gold coius 129 ' silver cuius 12S) Amount coined in li^S4 (fiscal year) 135 " of Coin in the United States 136 Ancient coining 2 " Greek coins 44 " Persian coins 45 " rtoiuan coins 4(> Annealing furnaces 29 Architecture indebted to coins 5 Assa}-, annual 137 " jirocessof 23 Assayers of Mint, list of .* 112 Assaying gold 24 " silver 2.> " rooms 24 Barber, Charles E., ISIiut Engraver 11(> " William, " 116 Bars manufactured at Mints during fiscal year ending June 30, 1884 128 Bland dollar, history of 62 Bond of indemnity signed by employees of first mint, 1799 17 Booth, James C, Melter and" Refiner 112 Boudinot, Ellias 102 Bosbyshell, Col.