Biodiversity in 2010

State of Knowledge Ireland’s Biodiversity in 2010: State of Knowledge

Editors: Úna FitzPatrick, Eugenie Regan and Liam Lysaght

Citation: FitzPatrick, Ú., Regan, E. and Lysaght, L. (editors)(2010) Ireland’s Biodiversity in 2010: State of Knowledge. National Biodiversity Data Centre, Waterford.

© National Biodiversity Data Centre 2010 ISBN 978-1-906304-15-7 Contents

Foreword 1 Introduction 3 Habitats (non-marine) 7 Vegetation 8 Fungi 9 Lichens 11 Bryophytes 12 Algae 13 Vascular plants 15 Non-insect invertebrates 17 Insects 21 Tunicates & lancelets 24 Marine fishes 25 Freshwater fishes 27 Amphibians & reptiles 29 Birds 31 Land mammals 33 Bats 34 Marine mammals 35 References 36 Appendix 41

The National Biodiversity Data Centre is an initiative of the Heritage Council and is operated under a service level agreement by Compass Informatics. The Centre is funded by the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government. Foreword Dr Liam Lysaght

Ireland, along with its EU partners, agreed to ‘Halt biodiversity loss by 2010’. Before we can halt biodiversity loss, we need to have some understanding of what that biodiversity resource is. As a contribution to this target, and to mark International Year of Biodiversity 2010, the National Biodiversity Data Centre set out to produce an overview of the state of knowledge on Ireland’s biodiversity. The scope of this task relates only to knowledge on what species and habitats occur in Ireland, how they are distributed, and how their range and/or populations are changing. Ecosystem function and conservation management are outside the remit of the Centre thus are not addressed in this document.

The Centre hosted a two day meeting in Waterford on 26 & 27 August 2010 entitled Biodiversity Knowledge Quest. Leading national experts presented an overview of the state of knowledge on different aspects of Ireland’s biodiversity.

Each overview was based on the following questions: • Is there a published checklist? • Have basic surveys been carried out? • Is there a national database? • Has a National conservation assessment been completed? • Are there monitoring systems in place? • Are there capacity building requirements? • Are there other knowledge gaps?

These summaries have been brought together in two documents, and provide an important overview of the state of knowledge on Ireland’s biological diversity in 2010:

• Fitzpatrick, Ú., Regan, E. and Lysaght, L. (editors), 2010. Ireland’s Biodiversity in 2010: State of Knowledge. National Biodiversity Data Centre, Waterford • National Biodiversity Data Centre, 2010. Ireland’s Biodiversity in 2010: Knowledge Gaps. National Biodiversity Data Centre, Waterford Top to bottom: Chafer beetle (L. Lysaght) Grey seal (E.W. Delaney) Bracket fungus (D. Heaphy)

1 This State of Knowledge document is the first inventory of the principal sources of biodiversity data in the Republic of Ireland. The information herein will be made available online at the National Biodiversity Data Centre’s website www.biodiversityireland.ie, and will be added to and kept up to date as the knowledge base expands over the coming years. Building the knowledge base on Ireland’s biological diversity is important as the goods and services provided by biodiversity are estimated to contribute a minimum of €2.6 billion per annum to the Irish economy. This natural capital is the foundation upon which our agriculture, forestry, fisheries and tourism sector depends and is vital for sustaining vital societal services such as clean water, productive soil and clean air. As the Irish economy seeks ways to revitalise itself, gaining a greater understanding of Ireland’s biodiversity and protecting Ireland’s natural capital should be one of the building blocks of that recovery.

This document is laid out in sections following taxonomic grouping with an overview introduction by Dr Don Cotton. Each section follows the same format; Irish checklist, number of species, primary sources of distribution data, National conservation assessment, and monitoring or repeat surveys in place. This layout allows the reader to compare the state of knowledge of different groups. The Gaps document expands on this by highlighting those areas with knowledge gaps that could be addressed within the next ten years.

Acknowledgements

Many people were involved in the compilation of this document. Their advice and support are much appreciated. They are: Paul Connolly (Marine Institute), Mark Holmes (Natural History Museum), Ian O’Connor (Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology), Eamonn Kelly (Department of Environment, Heritage & Local Government), Julia Nunn (Centre for Environmental Data and Recording), Cliona O’Brien (Heritage Council), Deirdre Lynn (National Parks and Wildlife Service). Thanks to Nigel Monaghan (Natural History Museum), Mick O’Toole (Marine Institute), Alan Lauder (BirdWatch Ireland), Louise Scally (National Platform for Biodiversity Research) and Colette O’Flynn (National Biodiversity Data Centre) for chairing sessions during the Knowledge Quest event.

2 Introduction Dr Don Cotton

Introduction to the state of Ireland’s biodiversity

In the global effort to protect the planet’s biodiversity it might seem that Ireland is an insignificant piece of land and marine continental shelf. However, we have a moral and legal responsibility to protect our biodiversity. As a developed nation we should also play a leadership role in this endeavour. Ireland does not support a particularly rich biological diversity due to its recent glacial history coupled with the geographical position. But there are some special habitats, and there are unique species and genetic variations within species in need of protection.

Ecosystem and habitat diversity

It is widely accepted by specialists working on diverse taxonomic groups that habitat and ecosystem protection is paramount to the conservation of species and genetic diversity. Describing the range of habitats is one of the most difficult yet important aspects of biodiversity. The publication of “A Guide to Habitats in Ireland” (Fossitt, 2000) was a great milestone, but the time is now right for it to be revised and extended. The involvement of people such as invertebrate ecologists and lichenologists is now needed to add descriptions of the micro-habitats that are crucial to the existence of their organisms. A modified system will make it easier for recorders to standardise habitat data that should accompany every biological record.

A wide range of surveys have been carried out in Ireland over the last few years which concentrated upon special habitats that are uncommon or rare in the rest of Europe. Several surveys are on-going but attention is now being given to sub-marine habitats which occupy ten times the area of the terrestrial environment. Reports from these surveys are mostly unpublished, they are often very long and detailed and are consequently not used as widely as they deserve. A review that summarises the main findings of these reports would be a most valuable publication. Top to bottom: Connemara (S. Waldron) Irish hare (E.W. Delaney) Large carder bee (J. Breen)

3 Species diversity

Knowledge of which species are found in Ireland has depended upon there being people with expertise in the taxa. In common with other countries there is an imbalance in the state of our knowledge because organisms that are larger, more attractive and terrestrial, tend to be the best studied and have good identification works. For convenience one can divide our knowledge of species diversity in Ireland into three categories :

(a) Taxa that have regularly up-dated species lists and we know their geographical distributions and population trends There are very few vascular plants waiting to be added to the Irish list that stands at just over 1000 native species with another 1075 ‘alien’ species recorded. Not only that but we know their geographical distributions quite well and work is progressing on studies of sub-species and hybrids. A Red Data Book was published over 20 years ago but with all of the new information available an up-date version is now considered overdue.

Vertebrates are also very thoroughly studied and it is generally possible to give an account of the distribution and ecology for about 550 species that includes all but the marine fish. There are organisations dedicated to specific groups within the vertebrates which has resulted in recent distribution maps, atlases and updated red lists. There are repeat distribution and abundance surveys in place for many of these groups of species some of which are reviewed on a cyclic basis.

It is notable that larger and more attractive invertebrates have also received special attention. The butterflies have been studied for many years but this interest has now spread to the macro-moths and is beginning to filter down to the micro-moths. This means that 1,454 species in Order Lepidoptera are receiving enough attention that distribution maps and patterns of abundance can now be discerned. Proportion of species known from Ireland divided into five major catagories

4 The 34 Irish species of dragonflies and damselflies (Order Odonata) have also had maps produced and habitat information has been gathered. The Mollusca have been a very collectable group for many years and consequently there are good species lists for marine littoral, terrestrial, and freshwater species. There are also atlases and on-going studies as well as published Red Lists for the molluscs.

It is important to say that people studying all of the above taxa would point The proportions of species by out that their group of organisms is still under-studied and there is so much threat category for each of the more to do! taxonomic groups that have been Red Listed in Ireland using the (b) Taxa for which there are species lists and a limited knowledge of IUCN methodology. their distribution, but little else Organisms in this category generally have species lists and publications because they are championed by a small number of enthusiastic individuals, often by amateur naturalists and sometimes by just one person. Some of these groups contain thousands of species and this emphasises the difference between our knowledge of these organisms in comparison with the large, more appealing groups.

During the last 10 years things have been moving quite quickly for some of these taxa, for example previously there were only species lists and vice- county records for most of the lichens, bryophytes and spiders but due to intensive efforts these organisms are probably now well enough known to have Red Lists compiled.

5 (c) Taxa for which even basic species lists are lacking In common with most other countries there are some taxa that have hardly been studied. The enormity of the task can be comprehended when the algal list stands at 1,054 documented species but there is an estimated 3,000 to 5,000 species; or the fungal list that stands at 5,500 species but there is an estimated 9,000 species. Invertebrate taxa are a huge mixture of unrelated groups of animals, many of which haven’t been studied in Ireland in recent times, if at all. This would be particularly true of marine animals and some soil organisms. For example, the tiny nematode worms could account for thousands of species.

Genetic diversity

Ireland, being geographically isolated, is a candidate for genetic drift and the evolution of unique subspecies and varieties. A few are already well known but undoubteldly more will be described in the future. Talk about genetic variety is regarded by some observers as premature when there are many groups for which basic lists of species don’t exist.

Invasive species

Ireland with its low species diversity and empty niches is particularly vulnerable to the arrival and the rapid, uncontrolled spread of invasive species. The collection and collation of data on such species is now routinely done and serves as an early warning system to try and prevent further invasions. There is also an issue around whether non-invasive alien species should be regarded as contributing to biodiversity.

Concluding remark

In any final analysis, it is important that the data collected is put to good use. Making lists and producing reports is just a first step but action is needed which results in the protection of habitats and species if Ireland’s biodiversity is to be conserved.

Heliophilus species (L. Lysaght)

6 Habitats (non-marine) Dr Julie Fossitt | National Parks and Wildlife Service

Irish checklist:

• Fossitt, J.A. (2000) A Guide to Habitats in Ireland. The Heritage Council, Kilkenny. • Habitats Directive Annex I habitats (1992; subsequent modifications). See European Commission (2007) Interpretation manual of European Union habitats EUR 27, European Commission, DG Environment.

Number of habitats:

117 habitats at level 3 (Fossitt, 2000) 59 Annex I habitats in Ireland, 16 of which are or can be priority habitats.

Primary sources of habitat data:

• See Appendix for a list of key surveys (note this is not an exhaustive list).

National conservation assessment:

Assessment of Annex I habitats in Ireland: The state of EU protected habitats and species in Ireland (2008) National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government.

Other habitats have not been assessed at the national level.

Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:

• Annex I habitats are monitored by the National Parks and Wildlife Service (see Appendix).

Top to bottom: Marram. Inis Oirr. (C. O’Rourke) Green alga. (C. O’Rourke) Kidney vetch (L. Lysaght)

7 Vegetation Dr Úna FitzPatrick | National Biodiversity Data Centre

Irish vegetation classification system:

No complete Irish vegetation classification system.

Account of Irish vegetation types: White, J. & Doyle, G., 1982. The vegetation of Ireland: a catalogue raisonnee. Studies on Irish Vegetation (ed. J. White), pp. 289–368. Royal Dublin Society, Dublin, Eire.

Number of vegetation classes:

Unknown

Primary sources of vegetation data:

A National Vegetation Database is held by the National Biodiversity Data Centre. This database contains collated information on 22,000+ relevés from the Republic of Ireland. Information on the national vegetation database, including all data sources is available at http://nationalvegetationdatabase. biodiversityireland.ie

National conservation assessment:

No

Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:

Annex I habitats are monitored by the National Parks and Wildlife Service. For some of these habitats this includes sample monitoring of vegetation (see Appendix) The percentage distribution of relevés in the National Vegetation Database by broad habitat type (October 2010). Mixed relevé source refers to surveys that contain relevés from a range of habitat types.

8 Fungi Maria Cullen1 & Howard Fox2 | University of Limerick1; National Botanic Gardens2

Irish checklist:

No complete Irish checklist.

• Legon, N.W., Henrici, A., Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005. Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. • Henderson, D.M., 2000. A Checklist of the Rust Fungi of the British Isles. British Mycological Society, Cambridge, England, UK. • Fox, H., 2001. Census catalogue of the lichenicolous fungi of Ireland (~150 species). National Botanic Gardens, Dublin.

Number of fungi species:

Approximately 5,500 known species (estimated at 9,000)

Primary sources of distribution data:

There is no national fungal database, although there are many sources of distribution data:

• The Fungal Records Database of Britain and Ireland (FRDBI) maintained by the British Mycological Society, contains Irish records made by UK and Irish recorders. • National Herbarium, National Botanic Gardens, Dublin. • Muskett & Malone (1978-1985) Catalogue of Irish fungi I-VI, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. • The Northern Irish Fungus Group (http://www.nifg.org.uk/species/atlas.htm) • Outside the FRDBI, there are individuals with significant private databases (more than 2000 records): M Cullen & H Fox (3,500+ records); D. Mitchel (3,000+ records), R. McHugh (2,000+ records).

A bibliography of fungal work in Ireland was published in 2008: Mangan, A., Top to bottom: 2008. A bibliography of mycology and plant pathology in Ireland, 1976 to Chanterelle mushroom (A. Malcolm) 2000. Glasra 4: 119 – 188. Boletus reticulatus (L. Lysaght) Bracket fungus (D. Heaphy)

9 Irish records from the Fungal Records Database of Britain and Ireland (FRDBI) are held by the National Biodiversity Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity Maps (http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie).

National conservation assessment:

No

Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:

• Edible and biodiversity plot studies (Maria Cullen 2007-2009, University of Limerick). • Waxcap surveys in counties W. Dongeal, W. Mayo, W. Cork & Clare (David Mitchell 2006-2009).

Fly agaric (shutterstock.com)

10 Lichens Dr Mike Simms | National Museums Northern Ireland

Irish checklist:

Seaward, M.R.D., 2010. Census Catalogue of Irish Lichens (3rd Edition). National Museums Northern Ireland, Belfast.

Number of lichen species:

1,134

Primary sources of distribution data:

A national database LichenIreland (2005-2010) has been compiled by the Centre for Environmental Data and Recording (CEDaR) as part of a project funded by the National Parks and Wildlife Service and the Northern Ireland Environment Agency: http://www.habitas.org.uk/lichenireland/

National conservation assessment:

Article 17 reporting – Cladonia subgenus Clanina listed in EU Habitats Directive: National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin.

No National conservation assessment of other species

Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:

No

*Note – Lichens have been considered separately to other fungi.

Top to bottom: Pseudocyphellaria crocata (M. Simms) Woodland lichens (Shutterstock.com) Xanthoria candelaria (Shutterstock.com)

11 Bryophytes Nick Hodgetts1 & Dr Neil Lockhart2 | British Bryological Society1; National Parks and Wildlife Service2

Irish checklist:

Hill, M.O., Blackstock, T.H., Long, D.G. & Rothero, G.P., 2008. A checklist and census catalogue of British and Irish bryophytes updated 2008. Middlewich, Cheshire: British Bryological Society.

Number of bryophyte species:

797 (inclusive of 13 probable alien species)

Primary sources of distribution data:

A national database has been compiled by the National Parks and Wildlife Service. It has been agreed that a copy of this database will be held by the National Biodiversity Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity Maps (http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie).

National conservation assessment:

Article 17 reporting – Hamatocaulis vernicosus, Petalophyllum ralfsii, Leucobryum glaucum, Sphagnum species, and Lycopodium (and related genera) are listed in EU Habitats Directive: National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin.

Lockhart, N.D., Hodgetts, N.G. and Holyoak, D.T. (in prep, due 2011) Rare and Threatened Bryophytes of Ireland - including a Red List and catalogue of Important Bryophyte Areas. National Museums and Galleries of Northern Ireland.

Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:

Rare & threatened bryophyte conservation and monitoring (2008-2011). The moss species under investigation include Bryum uliginosum, Catoscopium Top to bottom: nigritum, Ditrichum cornubicum, Hamatocaulis vernicosus and Paludella Sphagnum (shutterstock.com) squarrosa. The liverwort species include Petalophyllum ralfsii, Cephaloziella Bryum sp. (C. Campbell) nicholsonii, Cephaloziella massalongi, Leiocolea gillmanii and Leiocolea rutheana Sphagnum cf warnstorfii II (C. Campbell) var. rutheana. This is collaborative project between NPWS Research, Botany Department, Trinity College Dublin, and the National Botanic Gardens. 12 Algae Prof Michael D. Guiry | NUI Galway

Irish checklist:

No complete Irish checklist.

Of the 53 described classes of algae that potentially occur in Ireland, only 12 have been comprehensively checklisted, and these are mostly marine. The desmids are the only freshwater group (part of the Zygnemophyceae) that has been comprehensively catalogued.

National checklists are available for seaweeds (green algae belonging to the Chlorophyceae, Bryopsidophyceae, Ulvophyceae, some Chlorophyceae, some Trebouxiophyceae; red algae belonging to the Stylonematophyceae, Compsopogonophyceae, Bangiophyceae and Florideophyceae; and brown algae belonging to the Phaeophyceae). A desmid list has been completed and will be published shortly. A checklist of Characeae is available for the British Isles.

• Bryant, J.A., Stewart, N.F. & Stace, C.A., 2002. A checklist of Characeae of the British Isles. Watsonia 24: 203-208. • Guiry, M.D., 1979. A consensus and bibliography of Irish Seaweeds. Bibliotheca Phycologica 44: 1-287 [513 species]. • John, D.M., Williamson, D.M. & Guiry, M.D., in prep. A catalogue of the desmids (Streptophycophyta, Zygnematophyceae, Zygnematales) of Ireland. Occasional Papers from the National Botanical Gardens [541 species]

Number of algal species:

1,079 known species (estimated at between 3,000 and 5,000)

Class Phylum No. of species Literature sources Cyanophyceae Cyanophycophyta 26 Guiry 1979 (marine only) Characeae Charophyta 25 Stewart & Church 1992 Xanthophyceae Heterokontophycophyta 10 Guiry 1979 (marine only) Phaeophyceae Heterokontophycophyta 147 Guiry 1979 (marine only) Compsopogonophyceae Rhodophycophyta 8 Guiry 1979 (marine only) Bangiophyceae Rhodophycophyta 6 Guiry 1979 (marine only) Florideophyceae Rhodophycophyta 230 Guiry 1979 (marine only) Ulvophyceae Chlorophycophyta 15 Guiry 1979 (marine only) Top to bottom: Trebouxiophyceae Chlorophycophyta 3 Guiry 1979 (marine only) Ascophyllum nodosum, a keystone species in the west of Ireland (M. Guiry) Chlorophyceae Chlorophycophyta 58 Guiry 1979 (marine only) Fucus vesiculosus. Carraroe, Bryopsidophyceae Chlorophycophyta 10 Guiry 1979 (marine only) Co. Galway (M. Guiry) Zygnematophyceae Streptophycophyta 541 John, Williamson & Guiry in prep. Total 1,079 13 Primary sources of distribution data:

• A national database of seaweeds in Ireland has been established by NUI Galway in collaboration with the British Phycological Society. • John, D.M., Williamson, D.M. & Guiry, M.D., in prep. A catalogue of the desmids (Streptophycophyta, Zygnematophyceae, Zygnematales) of Ireland. Occasional Papers from the National Botanical Gardens.

A copy of the national database of seaweeds in Ireland is held by the National Biodiversity Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity Maps (http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie).

National conservation assessment:

Article 17 reporting – Lithothamnion corallioides and Phymatolithon calcareum listed in EU Habitats Directive: National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin.

Ireland Red List: Red, green and brown Seaweeds (in prep, due 2011) National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.

Stewart, N.F. & Church, J.M.1992. Red Data Books of Britain and Ireland: Stoneworts. The Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, UK.

Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:

No

Estimated species diversity of Irish algae

14 Vascular plants Dr Matthew Jebb | National Botanic Gardens

Irish checklist:

Checklist developed by the National Botanic Gardens and published on its website at http://www.botanicgardens.ie/herb/census/lists.htm

Number of vascular plant species:

2,328

Primary sources of distribution data:

• Botanical Society of the British Isles: hectad and tetrad databases: http://www.bsbimaps.org.uk/atlas/main.php • National Botanic Gardens: herbarium & research databases • National Biodiversity Data Centre: plant data held within the National Vegetation Database • National Parks and Wildlife Service: rare and threatened plant database • Environmental Protection Agency: Q value database & funded research

Data is currently being centrally collated by the National Biodiversity Data Centre.

National conservation assessment:

• Article 17 reporting – 3 species listed in EU Habitats Directive: National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin. • T.G.F. Curtis and H.N. McGough, 1988. The Irish Red Data Book: 1. Vascular Plants. Wildlife Service Ireland, The Stationery Office, Dublin.

Top to bottom: Marsh orchid (L. Lysaght) Bluebell (L. Lysaght) Dandelion (L. Lysaght)

15 Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:

• Rare plant surveys (National Parks and Wildlife Service, 1990s, 2000s) • BSBI Local Change Project: 1987-1988 (Rich, T.C.G., Beesley, S. & Goodwillie, R. 2001. Changes in the vascular plant flora of Ireland between pre-1960 and 1987-1988: the BSBI Monitoring Scheme. Irish Naturalists’ Journal 26: 333-350). 264 systematically selected tetrads were surveyed in Ireland in 1987-88. This survey has not been repeated since.

The number of native and alien vascular plant species in Ireland. Top to bottom: *Apomictic species reproduce asexually, and while they maintain distinctions from other Blackthorn in flower (L. Lysaght) apomicts, will have smaller differences than is normal between species of most genera Navelwort (L. Lysaght) (e.g. Rubus species). Archeophytes are alien species that became established in Ireland before ad 1500, whereas neophytes were introduced post this date.

16 Non-insect invertebrates Prof Tom Bolger1, Dr Brendan O’Connor2, Dr Bernard Picton3, & Dr Eugenie Regan4 University College Dublin1; AQUAFACT International Services Ltd.2; National Museums Northern Ireland3; National Biodiversity Data Centre4

Irish checklists

Phyla present in Class No. of species Published Irish Ireland (Ferriss et al. 2009) checklists Protozoa Unknown Myxozoa Unknown Porifera (sponges) 290 Cnidaria (jellyfish, sea 302 Stephens, 1905; Jeal & anemones, corals) West, 1970† Ctenophora 3 Stephens, 1905 Mesozoa Unknown Platyhelminthes Turbellaria 130 Southern, 1936 (flatworms) Trematoda 85 Holland and Kennedy, 1997† Monogenea 30 Holland and Kennedy, 1997† Cestoda 55 Holland and Kennedy, 1997† Gnathostomulida (jaw Unknown worms) Gastrotricha (hairy 6 backs) Rotifera 306 Horkan, 1981 Kinorhyncha 5 Acanthocephala 14 (spiny-headed worms) Entoprocta 4 Nematoda 172 (roundworms) Nemertea (ribbon 40 worms) Nematomorpha 3 (horsehair worms) Bryozoa 206 Smyth, 1994† Phoronida 1-3 Brachipoda 14 (lampshells) Mollusca 1,088 Nunn et al., 2002; Anderson, 2005 Top to bottom: Priapulida 1 Common snail (L. Lysaght) Sipuncula (peanut 23 Moon jellyfish (shutterstock.com) worms) The by-the-wind-sailor (Tom Doyle) Echiura 7

17 Phyla present in Class No. of species Published Irish Ireland (Ferriss et al. 2009) checklists Annelida Polychaeta 404 Aphanoneura 2 Oligochaeta 179 Cotton, 1978; Trodd et al., 2005† Hirudinea 32 Tardigrada 42 Pogonophora 1 Arthropoda Subphylum Van Helsdingen, 1996; Chelicerata Legg & O’Connor, 1997; Arachnida 1,109 Luxton, 1998; Pycnogonida 20 Kelly et al., 2001; Cawley, 2002; Baker & Bayliss, 2005 Subphylum Crustacea 3,000** Subphylum Myriapoda Diplopoda 41 Chilopoda 28 Symphyla 3 Foster, 1915 Subphylum Hexapoda Collembola 201 Bolger, 1986; Blackith & Protura 5 Good, 1991 Diplura 4 Insecta* Echinodermata 192 Nichols, 1902 Chaetognatha (arrow 15 worms) Rossia macrosoma (B. Picton) Hemichordata (acorn 3 worms)

*Dealt with in separate section, **3,000 species of crustaceans have been recorded in Ireland to date with an estimated total of 6,000 species (Mark Holmes, pers. comm.), †Only partial checklists for these groups.

Note: InvertebrateIreland (www. habitas.org.uk/invertebrateireland/) aims to put online all checklists of Irish invertebrates compiled by acknowledged experts.

18 Non-insect invertebrates

Number of non-insect invertebrate species:

8,000+

Primary sources of distribution data:

Arachnids: The Gibson Spider Collection* Arachnids: The County Distribution of Irish Spiders (Van Helsdingen, 1996) Arachnids: Harvestmen of Ireland* Arachnids: Pseudoscorpions of Ireland* Bryozoa: Freshwater Bryozoa (Smyth, 1994) Bryozoa: Marine Bryozoa (Wyse Jackson, 1991) Centipedes of Ireland* Corals (Deegan, 2004) Crustacea: records held by Mark Holmes, Natural History Museum, Dublin Crustacea: Asellota (Isopoda)(Kavanagh, 2009) Crustacea: Lobster (Tully et al., 2006)(Bord Iascaigh Mhara) Crustacea: Brown crab (Tully et al., 2006)(Bord Iascaigh Mhara) Crustacea: Clawed lobster (Nolan, 2004)(Bord Iascaigh Mhara) Crustacea: Shrimp (Kelly et al., 2008)(Bord Iascaigh Mhara) Crustacea: Nephrops under water TV surveys (Marine Institute) Flatworms: Planarians (Anderson, 1986) Irish New Zealand Flatworm Database* Jellyfish: EcoJel Project (UCC) Lice: Butler & O’Connor, 1994 Marine flora and fauna (Howson & Picton, 1999) Mollusca: Marine molluscs (Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland) Mollusca: All-Ireland non-Marine Molluscan Database* Mollusca: Scallops (Tully, 2006)(Bord Iascaigh Mhara) Mollusca: Cockle (Hervas et al., 2008)(Bord Iascaigh Mhara) Mollusca: Cephalopods (Lordan et al., 2001) (Marine Institute) Top to bottom: Millipedes of Ireland* Flatworm (J. Breen) Lithobius pilicornis (T. Barber) Nematoda: Brown et al., 1977 Spider (L. Lysaght) Oligochaetes: Earthworms of Ireland Database* Oligochaetes: Freshwater Oligochaeta (Trodd et al., 2005)

19 Sponges of Rathlin Island* Ticks: Martyn, 1988 Woodlice (Doogue & Harding, 1982)

*Databases held by the National Biodiversity Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity Maps.

National conservation assessment:

Article 17 reporting – seven species listed in EU Habitats Directive: National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin.

Byrne, A., Moorkens, E.A., Anderson, R., Kileen, I.J. and Regan, E.C., 2009. Ireland Red List No. 2 – Non-Marine Molluscs. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.

No national conservation assessment of other species

Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:

The seven non insect invertebrates listed in the EU Habitats Directive are monitored by the National Parks and Wildlife Service: Austropotamobius pallipes, Geomaculosus maculosus, Margaritifera margaritifera, M. durrovensis, Vertigo angustior, V. geyeri, and V. Moulinsiana. Species richness of Irish non-insect invertebrates

20 Insects Prof Tom Bolger1, Dr Maria Callanan1, Dr Mary Kelly-Quinn1, Dr Brian Nelson2, & Dr Eugenie Regan3 University College Dublin1; National Parks and Wildlife Service2; National Biodiversity Data Centre3

Irish checklists:

All Irish insects either have, or are currently being checklisted.

Order No. of species Literature source Archaeognatha 4 Delany, 1954 Coleoptera 2,154 Anderson et al., 1997; 2005 Dermaptera 3 Good, 1979; Cawley, 1999 Diptera 3,313 Chandler et al,.2008 Ephemeroptera 33 Kelly-Quinn and Bracken, 2000; Ashe et al., 1998; 2005 Hemiptera 770 O’Connor and Nelson, in press Hymenoptera 3,194 O’Connor et al., 2009 Lepidoptera 1,454 Bond et al., 2006; Bond et al., 2008 Mecoptera 1 King and Halbert, 1910 Megaloptera 2 Ashe et al., 1998 Neuroptera 32 Barnard et al., 1991; O’Connor, 2003 Odonata 34 Ashe et al., 2005 Orthoptera 12 Marshall and Haes, 1988; Cawley, 2005 Phthiraptera 117 Butler and O’Connor, 1994; Doyle et al., 2004; O’Connor, 2005; O’Connor et al., 2005 Plecoptera 20 Ashe et al., 1998 Psocoptera 46 Smithers et al., 2000 Siphonaptera 40 Smiddy and Sleeman, 1993; Sleeman and Smiddy, 1994; Sleeman et al., 1996 Strepsiptera 4 Ronayne and O’Connor, 2006; O’Connor and Ronayne, 2007 Thysanoptera 40 O’Connor, 2008 Thysanura 2 Delany, 1954 Trichoptera 147 Ashe et al., 2005

Note: InvertebrateIreland (www. habitas.org.uk/invertebrateireland/) aims to put online all checklists of Irish invertebrates compiled by acknowledged experts.

Number of insect species:

11,422+ (Regan et al., 2010)

Top to bottom: Large carder bee (John Breen) Chafer beetle (L. Lysaght) Common blue damselfly (L. Lysaght)

21 Primary sources of distribution data:

Beetles: Chrysomelidae and Bruchidae (accessible through NBN Gateway ) Beetles: Click Beetles (records held by Howard Mendel) Beetles: Ground Beetles of Ireland (CEDaR) Beetles: Ladybirds of Ireland (CEDaR) Beetles: Steninae (records held by Jonty Denton) Beetles: Water Beetles of Ireland* Beetles: Weevils (records held by Mike Morris) Butterflies: Irish Butterfly Monitoring Scheme* Butterflies: Butterflies of County Waterford* Butterflies: Irish Wood White Database* Butterflies: Butterfly Ireland survey, Dublin Naturalists’ Field Club Dragonfly Ireland* Ephemeroptera of Ireland* Fleas of Ireland* Flies: Anisopodidae and Thaumaleidae (Diptera: Nematocera) of Ireland* Flies: Chironomids (records held by Declan Murray) Flies: Craneflies of Ireland* Flies: Dixidae (Diptera) of Ireland* Flies: Hoverflies (records held by Martin Speight) Flies: Mosquitoes of Ireland* Flies: Non-biting midges (records held by Peter Langton) Flies: Biting midges (Blue Tongue Vector Surveillance Programme) Flies: Simulidae (Tierney et al., 2005) Hemiptera: Heteroptera (records held by Brian Nelson) Hymenoptera: Bees of Ireland* Hymenoptera: Braconidae (O’Connor et al., 1999) Hymenoptera: BWARS database Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea (O’Connor et al., 2000) Hymenoptera: Diapriinae (O’Connor and Ashe, 1992) Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae (O’Connor et al., 2007) Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea and Proctotrupoidea (O’Connor et al., 2004) Hymenoptera: Sawflies (O’Connoret al., 1997) Microlepidoptera, National Museum of Ireland* *Databases held by the National MothsIreland Biodiversity Data Centre and made Neuroptera of Ireland* accessible through Biodiversity Maps Thrips (O’Connor, 2008) (http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie).

22 Insects

National conservation assessment:

Article 17 reporting – 1 species (Marsh fritillary) listed in EU Habitats Directive: National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin.

• FitzPatrick, Ú., Murray, T.E., Byrne, A., Paxton, R.J. and Brown, M.J.F., 2006. Regional Red List of Irish Bees. National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland) & Environment & Heritage Service (Northern Ireland). • Foster, G. N., Nelson, B. H. and O Connor, Á., 2009. Ireland Red List No. 1 – Water beetles. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage & Local Government, Dublin, Ireland. • Regan, E.C., Nelson, B., Aldwell, B., Bertrand, C., Bond, K., Harding, J., Nash, D., Nixon, D., Wilson, C.J., 2010. Ireland Red List No. 4 – Butterflies. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland. • A regional red list for dragonflies is in preparation. • No National conservation assessment of other species

Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:

• Irish Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (National Biodiversity Data Centre: http://irishbutterflymonitoringscheme.biodiversityireland.ie) • Water Framework Monitoring Programme Irish insect species diversity (EPA, includes freshwater invertebrates but is not species specific) • Rothamsted Light Trap Network (Moths): currently 4 sites (Dublin Zoo, Wexford Wildfowl Reserve, Fota Wildlife Park and Connemara National Park) • Monitoring of pests in forests (Forest Service)

23 Tunicates & lancelets Dr Eugenie Regan | National Biodiversity Data Centre

Irish checklist:

No

Number of species of tunicates and lancelets:

Tunicates (Urochordata) = 72, Lancelets (Cephalachordata) = 1 (Ferriss et al. 2009)

Primary sources of distribution data:

There is no national tunicates and lancelets database.

National conservation assessment:

No

Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:

No

Top to bottom: Blue bell tunicates (Shutterstock.com) Filter feeding tunicates (Shutterstock.com) Tunicates (Shutterstock.com)

24 Marine fishes Declan Quigley | Sea-Fisheries Protection Authority, Howth, Co Dublin

Irish checklist:

No Irish specific-species checklist published since Went & Kennedy (1976). General reviews by Wheeler (1992); Quigley (1996 & 2000), Purcell (1996), Wheeler et al. (2004), Ferriss et al. (2009). Updated draft List of Irish Marine Fishes (Quigley 2010, 563 species).

Number of species of marine fishes:

563+ (a complete checklist is being prepared by D. Quigley and will be available in 2011) • 245 species inshore (<200m depth) (130 exclusively inshore) • 435 species offshore (>200m depth) (321 exclusively offshore)

Primary sources of distribution data:

• Comprehensive records held by Declan Quigley for 142+ species (majority published in the Irish Naturalists Journal 1984-2010) • Marine Institute: Acoustic Surveys, Mackerel and Horse Mackerel Egg Surveys, Deepwater Survey, Biological Survey, Anglerfish Survey, Irish Groundfish Survey • Bord Iascaigh Mhara: Bluefin Tuna tagging (Cosgroveet al. 2008) • Database of Elasmobranchs in Irish waters (National Biodiversity Data Centre) • Inland Fisheries Ireland: Water Framework Directive Database - fish in transitional waters (estuaries and lagoons), Marine Sports Fish Tagging Database (elasmobranchs – shark, tope, monkfish, common skate and ray)

The database of Elasmobranchs in Irish waters is held by the National Biodiversity Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity Maps.

Top to bottom: Black goby (Shutterstock.com) Lesser spotted dogfish (Shutterstock.com) Mackerel school (Shutterstock.com)

25 National conservation assessment:

Commercial species: Fisheries Science Service 2010. The Stock Book: Annual Review of Fish Stocks in 2010 with management advice for 2011. Marine Institute Galway.

King, J., Marnell, F., Kingston, N., Rosell, R., Roche, W. & Cassidy, D. 2011 Ireland Red List No. 5: Freshwater fish, amphibians and reptiles. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland (includes fish in transitional waters).

No National conservation assessment of other species.

Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:

Commercial species: Fisheries Science Service. 2010. The Stock Book: Annual Review of Fish Stocks in 2010 with management advice for 2011. Marine Institute Galway.

Fish in transitional waters are monitored through the Water Framework Directive Fish Monitoring Programme, approx 65 species (Inland Fisheries Ireland).

Irish marine fishes species diversity

26 Freshwater fishes Dr Fiona Kelly | Inland Fisheries Ireland

Irish checklist:

Went & Kennedy (1976) and Maitland and Campbell (1992).

Number of species of freshwater fish:

29

Primary sources of distribution data:

• Water Framework Directive Database http://www.wfdfish.ie/ • Inland Fisheries Ireland http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/ • National Database of freshwater fish in Irish rivers • National Database of freshwater fish in Irish lakes* • Eel Database • Sea Trout Database • National Salmon Tagging Database • Ireland’s Specimen Fish Database • Database held by the Irish Char Conservation Group* • Databases held by Irish angling groups

*Databases held by the National Biodiversity Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity Maps (http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie).

National conservation assessment:

Article 17 reporting – 8 species listed in EU Habitats Directive: National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin.

King, J., Marnell, F., Kingston, N., Rosell, R., Roche, W. & Cassidy, D. 2011 Ireland Red List No. 5: Fish, amphibians and reptiles. National Parks Top to bottom: Bream (Inland Fisheries Ireland) and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Brown trout (Inland Fisheries Ireland) Government, Dublin, Ireland. Pike (Shutterstock.com)

27 Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:

• Water Framework Directive Fish Monitoring Programme (Inland Fisheries Ireland) • National Lamprey Monitoring Programme 2003 – 2010 (Inland Fisheries Ireland) • National Monitoring Programme for Arctic Char (Inland Fisheries Ireland) • National Eel Monitoring Programme (Inland Fisheries Ireland have responsibility for the programme but the Marine Institute and other organisations are inputting data)

Connemara (Steve Waldren)

28 Amphibians & reptiles Dr Ferdia Marnell | National Parks and Wildlife Service

Irish checklist:

No up to date checklist, but a recent list of known Irish amphibians and reptiles in: King, J., Marnell, F., Kingston, N., Rosell, R., Roche, W. & Cassidy, D. 2011. Ireland Red List No. 5: Fish, amphibians and reptiles. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.

Number of amphibian and reptile species:

6 (5 native: Common frog, Natterjack toad, Smooth newt, Viviparous lizard, Leatherback turtle; one non-native species: Slow-worm)

Primary sources of distribution data:

• National Parks and Wildlife Service: threatened species database • National Lizard Survey (Irish Wildlife Trust) • Irish Frog Survey (Irish Peatland Conservation Council) • CEDaR datasets • Marine Turtles in Irish Waters database (G. King & S. Berrow) • Marine Turtle database held by the Coastal and Marine Resources Centre

A copy of the Marine Turtles in Irish Waters database is held by the National Biodiversity Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity Maps (http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie).

National conservation assessment:

Article 17 reporting – 3 species listed in EU Habitats Directive: National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and Species Top to bottom: Leatherback nesting in in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local French Guiana (T. Doyle) Government, Dublin. Smooth newt (L. Lysaght) Common frog (J. Dunleavy)

29 King, J., Marnell, F., Kingston, N., Rosell, R., Roche, W. & Cassidy, D. 2011. Ireland Red List No. 5: Fish, amphibians and reptiles. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.

Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:

• National frog survey - underway (National Parks and Wildlife Service) • Natterjack toad monitoring programme (National Parks and Wildlife Service)

Viviparous lizard (Shutterstock.com)

30 Birds Stephen Newton | BirdWatch Ireland

Irish checklist:

Irish Rare Birds Committee – The Irish List (31st December 2008) http://www.irbc.ie/topbar/categories.php

Number of resident and regular visiting bird species:

457

Primary sources of distribution data: Hen harrier (Shutterstock.com)

• Bird Atlas 2007-11 (http://www.bto.org/birdatlas/) • Atlas of Breeding Birds of Britain & Ireland: 1968-72* • Atlas of Wintering Birds of Britain & Ireland: 1981/82 – 1983/84* • Second Atlas of Breeding Birds of Britain & Ireland: 1988-91* • BirdTrack( http://www.bto.org/birdtrack/) • Countryside Bird Survey • Irish Wetland Birds Survey **

*Copies of these databases are held by the National Biodiversity Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity Maps (http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie). ** IWEBS data from 1994-2001 is accessible through Biodiversity Maps.

National conservation assessment:

• Lynas, P., Newton, S.F. & Robinson, J.A., 2007. The status of birds in Ireland: an analysis of conservation concern 2008-2013. Irish Birds 8(2) 149-166. • Newton, S., Donaghy, A., Allen, D. & D. Gibbons., 1999. Birds of Conservation Concern The Birds of Conservation Concern in Ireland. Red List in Ireland. Irish Birds 6(3) 333-344. species are of high conservation concern and Amber List species are of medium conservation concern.

31 Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:

• Countryside Birds Survey (annual) • Garden Bird Survey (annual) • Irish Wetland Birds Survey (annual) • Whooper & Bewick’s Swans (every 5 years, latest January 2010) • Barnacle Geese (every 5 years, latest March 2008) • Light-bellied Brent Geese (annual) • Non-Estuarine Coastal Waterfowl Survey (NEWS, every 9 years, latest 2006-07) • Common Scoter (breeding, not on regular cycle; overdue) Hen harrier (Shutterstock.com) • Corncrake (annual) • Twite (ongoing research & population monitoring) • Chough (every 10 years, latest 2002-03) • Machair Breeding Waders • Shannon Callows Breeding Waders • Lambay Ornithological Survey (annual; includes full seabird census every 5 years, latest 2009) • Breeding Cormorants (sporadic, latest 2010; east coast colonies counted annually) • Breeding Terns (national every 10 years, last 1995, overdue) • Roseate Terns (breeding, annual) • Little Terns (breeding, east coast only, annual) • Breeding Seabirds (full national, every 15 years: 1969-70, 1985-87, 1998-2002) • Upland Birds 2002-2004 (Golden Plover, Ring Ouzel) • Red Grouse 2005 (pilot), 2007-2009 (national) • Waterways Birds (including Kingfisher) 2006-2010 • Dipper (long-term monitoring in Cork & Laois-Offaly) • Irish Rare Breeding Birds (annual assessments published by the panel) • Grey Herons (& Little Egrets: done historically, to be re-launched soon) • Barn Owl (ongoing research & population monitoring) • Peregrine (every 10 years, latest 2002 • Hen Harrier (every 5 years, latest 2010) • National Raptor Monitoring Scheme (in development, pilot underway)

Great tit (L. Lysaght)

32 Land mammals Dr Paddy Sleaman | University College Cork

Irish checklist:

No up to date checklist, but a recent list of known Irish mammals in: Marnell, F., Kingston, N. & Looney, D., 2009. Ireland Red List No. 3: Terrestrial Mammals, National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.

Number of land mammal species:

25

Primary sources of distribution data:

• Data is currently being collated and consolidated by the National Biodiversity Data Centre as part of the Atlas of Mammals in Ireland initiative. • Road Kill Survey (Biology.ie http://www.biology.ie/home.php?m=npws) • Badger sett database (Wildlife Unit of Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food)

A subcomponent of the badger sett database is held by the National Biodiversity Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity Maps (http://maps. biodiversityireland.ie).

National conservation assessment:

Article 17 reporting – 3 species listed in EU Habitats Directive: National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin.

Marnell, F., Kingston, N. & Looney, D., 2009. Ireland Red List No. 3: Terrestrial Mammals, National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.

Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:

• National Otter Survey (National Parks and Wildlife Service) Top to bottom: • National Pine Marten Survey (National Parks and Wildlife Service) Red fox (Shutterstock) Feral goat (L. Lysaght) • National Hare Survey (National Parks and Wildlife Service) Irish hare (E.W. Delaney) • Ongoing Badger Sett Surveys (Wildlife Unit of Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food)

33 Bats Dr Niamh Roche1, Daniel Buckley2, & Dr Kate McAney3 Bat Conservation Ireland (BCIreland)1; Centre for Irish Bat Research2; Vincent Wildlife Trust3

Irish checklist:

No up to date checklist, but a recent list of known Irish bats in: Marnell, F., Kingston, N. & Looney, D., 2009. Ireland Red List No. 3: Terrestrial Mammals, National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.

Number of bat species:

9

Primary sources of distribution data:

• A National Bat Database is compiled and managed by BCIreland (this will include data from the BATLAS 2010 project).

A copy of the National Bat Database is held by the National Biodiversity Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity Maps (http://maps. biodiversityireland.ie).

National conservation assessment:

Article 17 reporting – 9 species listed in EU Habitats Directive: National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin.

Marnell, F., Kingston, N. & Looney, D., 2009. Ireland Red List No. 3: Terrestrial Mammals, National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.

Monitoring or repeat surveys in place:

• National Lesser Horseshoe Bat Monitoring Programme (National Parks and Wildlife Service) • All-Ireland Car-based Monitoring Programme (BCIreland) Top to bottom: Brown long-eared bat (E.W. Delaney) • All-Ireland Daubenton’s Bat Waterways Survey (BCIreland) Daubenton’s bat (F. Greenaway) • Brown Long-eared Bat Roost Monitoring (currently ROI only, BCIreland) Leisler’s bat (D. Heaphy)

34 Marine mammals Dr Simon Berrow | Irish Whale and Dolphin Group (IWDG)

Irish checklist:

No up to date checklist, but a recent list of all known Irish marine mammals in: National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin.

Number of marine mammal species:

24 cetaceans + 2 seals

Primary sources of distribution data:

• Irish Whale and Dolphin Group: cetaceans • European Seabirds at Sea (maintained by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee): seals and cetaceans • The Coastal and Marine Resources Centre, Cork: seals and cetaceans • National Parks and Wildlife Service: seal data

An All-Ireland Marine Mammals Database is compiled and managed by the National Biodiversity Data Centre and made accessible through Biodiversity Maps (http://maps.biodiversityireland.ie).

National conservation assessment:

Article 17 reporting – all 26 species listed in EU Habitats Directive: National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2008. The status of EU Protected Habitats and Species in Ireland. NPWS, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin.

Monitoring or repeat surveys in place: Top to bottom: Bottlenosed dolphin (S. Berrow) • Land-based monitoring (IWDG under contract to the National Parks Grey seal pup (E.W. Delaney) and Wildlife Service) Humpback whale (P. Whooley) • Seal counts (NPWS rangers) • Ferry Surveys (IWDG)

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40 Appendix

Primary data sources for non-marine habitats (J. Fossitt, 2010)

NPWS Datasets Dates Scope/purpose of dataset

Comprehensive baseline monitoring survey of Irish sand dune Coastal Monitoring Project 2004-2006 sites (10 Annex I coastal habitats) – 181 sites

Comprehensive national inventory and survey of 80 lagoon Lagoon Surveys and Database 1996-2006 sites

Baseline monitoring survey of a representative sample of Irish Saltmarsh Monitoring Project 2006-2009 saltmarshes (5 Annex I habitats) – 131 sites

Desk study which identified ~140 ‘potential coastal heath and National Seacliff Inventory 2005 cliff sites’

National Seacliff Survey 2009-ongoing Baseline monitoring survey of Irish seacliffs (1 Annex I habitat)

Inventory survey of shingle beach sites and their conservation National Shingle Beach Survey 1999 value

Detailed survey of sedimentary and biological facies in Survey of intertidal mudflats and sandflats 2006-2007 representative sites

Extensive inventory and survey of 1320 woodland sites National Survey of Native Woodlands 2003-2007 (1667 relevés) in Ireland (4 Annex I habitats). New woodland classification

To consolidate information on the extent and conservation National Fen Database – review of available data on springs, Up to 2006 status of Irish springs, fens and flushes based on existing fens and flushes information held by NPWS and other interested parties

Petrifying springs 2010-2013 Survey and conservation assessment of petrifying springs (PhD)

Grassland monitoring of a representative sample of the Annex Grassland Monitoring Project – sample of Annex I priority 2006 I priority habitats: 6230 (Species-rich Nardus grasslands) and habitats 6210 (Semi-natural dry grasslands) in Natura 2000 sites

Survey of semi-natural grasslands and marsh communities in Roscommon, Offaly (2007); Cork, Waterford (2008); Cavan, Irish Semi-natural Grassland Survey 2007-ongoing Monaghan, Leitrim, Longford (2009) [2143 relevés from 580 sites in 8 counties]; Donegal, Sligo, Dublin and Kildare (2010) (6 Annex I habitats). Scheduled to extend to additional counties

Survey of metalliferous mine waste sites in Ireland which hold Metalliferous Mine Waste Survey 2008 areas of the Annex I habitat 6130 (Calaminarian grassland)

Survey and mapping of the range, extent and condition of National Limestone Pavement Survey 2008-ongoing limestone pavement in Ireland

Documenting the distribution of the national turlough resource Consolidated Turlough Dataset Up to 2008 – consolidation of existing data

41 NPWS Datasets Dates Scope/purpose of dataset

Multidisciplinary project (TCD) integrating hydrological, Integrated Turlough Study 2006-ongoing biological and chemical nutrient data from 22 selected turloughs

Raised bog restoration/assessment of impacts of turf cutting on Turf Cutting Assessment Projects (raised bogs) 1994-2006 designated raised bog sites

Raised Bog Monitoring Project 2004-2005 Monitoring survey of 48 raised bog sites

Baseline monitoring survey of Irish upland habitats (over 150m National Survey of Upland Habitats (12-15 upland habitat 2008-ongoing altitude and other continuous open land) (10 Annex I habitats; complexes) 12-15 upland complexes)

Data on the condition of lands in commonages. Habitat mosaics Commonage Datasets Ongoing are identified within condition assessment units

Conservation Planning Habitat Maps for Natura 2000 sites 1995-ongoing Habitat data for conservation planning of SACs / SPAs

Datasets used for the 2007 Conservation Assessment under Article 17 of the Habitats Directive, with habitats mapped at 10km grid square level. Data derived from sources varying in Conservation Assessments Data 2007 quality and currency, and include best expert judgment where necessary. Full details are available in the backing documents which accompany the datasets

Local Authorities / Heritage or Biodiversity Plans

Westmeath, Roscommon, Laois, Offaly, Longford, Kildare, Cavan, Hedgerow surveys (sample surveys of 1km grid squares in the south- Leitrim, Galway, Kerry, Mayo, Donegal, Sligo, Dublin (Fingal, Dublin west corner of each 10km grid square) City) – for links to reports see www.hedgelaying.ie

Monaghan Fen/Wetland Survey; Sligo Wetlands; Waterford Wetlands Whole county surveys of selected habitats or features (20 sites); Westmeath Fen Survey; Clare Wetlands (Phase 1); Meath Wetlands and Coastal Survey; Laois Eskers; Offaly Eskers …

Part county/city habitat mapping – baseline information, Development Carlow, Clare, Cork County, Dun-Laoighre-Rathdown, Galway City, Plan and Local Area Plan areas Fingal, Kerry, Laois, Sligo …

42 Other sectors (sample)

Lakes/rivers datasets Pilot survey to establish suitability of a rules-based feature extraction EPA and classification processing methods to provide a habitat mapping solution for a study area (Clare/Galway) in Ireland

Habitat surveys of all Bord na Móna lands (ongoing); Bord na Móna exploited bog areas

Biodiversity surveys of Coillte lands; conifer plantations, other Coillte woodlands and open lands

Forest Service (DAFF) FIPS (Forest Inventory Planning System) – all forested areas. Forest07

Environmental assessments

EISs and supporting reports (e.g. Constraints and Route Section Reports for major road schemes) Environmental assessments (no central repository/database) Appropriate assessments Strategic Environmental Assessments

Other Sources

CORINE Land Cover (CLC) 1990; CLC2000; CLC2006 CORINE landcover/biotopes Based on satellite imagery and standardized nomenclature. Repeat surveys but minimum mapping unit of 25ha

Teagasc National Landcover Map and National Habitat Indicator Map

BOGLAND Research Programme – UCD under funding from EPA Derived Irish Peatland Map (Version 2)

43 Notes:

44 National Biodiversity Data Centre Logo Revison version 3a.1 TheD E S I G N | MULTIMEDIA | P H O T O | A U D I O National Biodiversity Data Centre BeechfieldThursday 28th January 2009 house, Carriganore WIT West Campus, Waterford. Tel. 051 306 240. Email: [email protected]. Website: www.biodiversityireland.ie

The National Biodiversity Data Centre is an initiative of the Heritage Council and is operated under a service level agreement by Compass Informatics. The Centre is funded by the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government.