Xiaolangdi Multipurpose/ Ressetlement Proj'ect EA Category a Public Disclosure Authorized Xiaolangdimultipurpose Dam Project Februay 1993 Public Disclosure Authorized

Environmental Assessment/Analysis

Reports ______Public Disclosure Authorized Report E0030

China -

Public Disclosure Authorized Xiaolangdi Multipurpose/ Ressetlement Proj'ect EA Category A Public Disclosure Authorized XiaolangdiMultipurpose Dam Project Februay 1993 Public Disclosure Authorized

This report has been prepared by the Borrower or its Consultant XIAOLANCDIMULTIPURPOSE PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT SUMMARY (SUMMARYOF EIA EXECUTIVESUMMARY)

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Xiaolangdi Project is a uajor multipurpose dam and reservoir project which has been the subject of environmental assessment extending over six years by a team from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission (YRCC) supported by 88 Chinese experts and also by an International Panel of Experts appointed to make inputs on dam design and safety factors. The results of this work are reported in 22 specialist reports and an EA Report of considerable length and complexity. The EA Executive Swumzary (attached), in itself is a substantial document.

1.2 This covering note has been prepared to provide a. focus on the key findings of the EA and to point to those sections of the EA Executive Summary where further relevant informationcan be found.

2. PROJECT OBJECTIVESAND DESCRIPTION

Objectives and Background

2.1 The primary objectivesof the project are: (a) flood control in the Yellow River; (b) sediment control; (c) power production;and, (d) water supply for irrigation, urban and industrial development. Supplementary objectives include eco-restoration in the reservoir area and promotion of aquaculture.

2.2 The Yellow River bas the highest sediment concentration of all major rivers of the world because of the higb and continuing massive erosion of the Loess Plateau upstream of the Project area. Downstream silt deposition has progressively raised the river bed and greatly increased the hazard of flooding in the highly developed downstream region, which has been a very serious problem for over 2,000 years.

2.3 A system of dikes and training works along both banks has been developed for flood protection; however the dike system is very precarious because the river bed is raised 3-10 meters above the surrounding urban and agricultural areas. It is increasingly difficult, dangerous and costly to continua raising the dikes because of foundation and structural safety problems. Prior to the 1950s, there were several breaches in the dykes and in the 1938 breach 890,000 people were killed and 12.5 million were made homeless.

2.4 The project will significantly reduce this problem and provide safety, economic and social benefits to an estimated 100 aillion people, mostly farmers living in the lower Yellow River basin. It will achieve this by increasing the level of flood protection for the 97 million people living outside the dykes from 1-in-60 years, at present, to 1-in-1,000years after completion. However, there are at present three million people living within the dykes and downstream flood detentionbasins for whou the present level of protection is only against 1-in-2 year floods. The dam will increase their -2-

protection to between l-in-7 years and 1-in-50 years. People have been living inside the dykes for 500 years and have limited options to migrate elsewhere since the population density is 800/km2 in most areas within a 1,500 km radius.

Project Description

2.5 Design and Construction. The damsite is located on the Yellow River. approximately 40 km upstream of the city of Luoyang, Henan Province. The site is 130 km downstream from the Sanmenxia Dam, and 115 km upstream from the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway Bridge at Zhengzhou.

2.6 The project consists of the dam. flood release and silt discharge structures, and water diversion and electricity-generating structures. The dam is a 154 m high rock-filled structure with irner blanket and inclined loam core. Total reservoir capacity is approximately 12.65 billion en. Fifteen tunnels will be developed: six for flood release; three for silt discharge; and, six diversions for electricity generation. All 15 tunnels are located in the rock mass of the river banks. The tunnel intakes are combined in a single intake tower. A normal spillway and an emergency spillway are also located on the left bank.

2.7. The maximum dischargecapacity of the reservoir is 17.000 3/~s. The hydroelectric plant is subterranean and bas an installed capacity of 1,800 M1 with a long-term average energy output of 5.4 billion kWh. Total investment required from all sources for the project is in the vicinity of Y 11 billion.

2.8 The construction period is eight years with river closure occurring at the end of the flood season in the fourth construction year. The flood control objective will be achieved in the seventh year. Two turbine units will operate during the seventh year, and four additional units will enter operation in the following year.

QRerat£ions

2.9 The reservoir is designed to be operated in a unique way to manage the special silt problem mentioned above. The reservoir will be operated on an annual cycle designed for Ostoring clear and discharging suddy' water. Beginning in early July, the reservoir water level will be drawn down and regulated to discharge silt-laden floodwaters until late September. From October to June, the water entering the reservoir, containing a relatively low sediment load, will be stored and regulated for irrigation, water supply, electricity generation and control of river ice-jamming which is another serious hazard closely related to flood control.

2.10 To optimize sediment deposition in the reservoir, the water level will be regulated initially at the minimum head for effective power production and then increased at a rate of 3 m per year. This will trap most of the coarse sand, while most of the fine silt will be discharged. After about 20 years of operation, the design sediment dead storage capacity will be filled. The water level will then be dropped during the course of each year -3-

to flush out accumulatedsediments, and therebymaintain the reservoir live storage of 5.1 billion m3. The high flushing flow volumes of 20 to 24 billion m3 per year will *limit downstream sedimetitation so most of the silt will be discharged to the sea.

2.11 The 5.1 billion m' effectivestorage of the reservoir will be used primarily for flood control and regulatingwater and silt. The reservoir can control floods with a return frequency of 1,000 years magnitude, and limit the flow in the lower reaches of the river to within the control capacity of the existing dikes. By using reservoir storage effectively, the large runoff now being lost to the sea during the flood se&son may be used for irrigation and other beneficial uses, especially to meet urban and industrial growth needs. Over the first 50 years of operation, it is estimated that the Xiaolangdi Reservoirvill reduce downstreamsiltation by approximately7.8 billion tons and eliminate tne need for further raising of the dikes.

2.12 Section 2.B of the Executive Summary provides further information on design and operation of the dam.

3. PROJECT BENEFITS

3.1 Flood and Ice Control. The major benefit is that the project will achieve effective control of frequent serious and dangerous flooding of the entire lower basin occupied by some 100 million people. This critical need has existed for centuries, and has progressively become more and more critical as population, urbanization, agriculture and industry bave all markedly increased in recent decades and as the lower basin's levee protection system has been made increasingly vulnerable by river siltation. The total net discounted benefits of flood control and ice flood control are conservatively estimated to amount to about Y 3.83 billion (Us$ 733 million) over a period of 50 years, not counting the value of human lives protected.

3.2 Silt Reduction. The net effect of the project will be to stabilize the downstream river bed for at least 20 years and after 20 years, the dam will be operated to more effectively flush silt to the sea. This will defer the cost of raising the dikes and the economic benefit has been estimated at Y 1.06 billion (US$ 203 million).

3.3 Irrigation. Urban and Industrial Water Sunplies. The total area which may be supplied by irrigationwater is over 33 million mu (2.2 million ha), a substantialincrease over the 5-10 million mu which can presently be irrigatedwith supplies availablefrom the Yellow River. In addition, it is expected that the downstream urban and industrial demand of 4 billion m3/year by the year 2000 will be fully satisfied by the reservoir. The net discounted benefits are Y 3.92 billion (US$ 750 million).

3.4 Surface and Groundwater Balance. The improved surface water supply will permit reductions in groundwater withdrawals to be progressively applied, hence reducing current over-exploitation. This benefit is not quantified. -4-

3.5 ElectricityGeneration. The total installedcapacity of the hydroelectricplant is 1.800 KW with an average annual energy output of 5.4 billion kWh. This power will enhance economic developmentin the region. It will also significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The net discounted benefits are Y 3.7 billion (US$ 710 uillion).

3.6 The total discounted economic benefits amount to Y 12.52 billion (USS 2.4 billion). The total discounted cost is Y 8.67 billion (US$ 1.66 billion) includingthe cost of constructionof the dam, resettlementand re-establishmentof livelihoodsof 181,000 people, upgradinghost communities of about 86,000 people, environmentalmanagement activities and operations and maintenancecosts for the project. The economic rate of return is 17%.

4. PROJECT ALTERNATIE

4.1 The main alternatives which have been considered in the past, and the reasons for their rejection are :

(a) Raising the dikes to control a 1,000-year flood - this option is very costly and would involve considerable uncertainty due to structuralweaknesses of the dikes. it would not reduce sediment deposition in the lower reaches of the River;

(b) Constructingreservoirs for flood control and sediment management at potentially suitable sites far upstream includingQikou and Longmen - this will regulate downstreamflooding and sediment deposition and reduce some long-term river channel buildup of sediment but would not provide flood protection or lower reach sediment regulation and stabilization;

(c) Implementing large-scale conservation and rehabilitation measures in the huge and barren Loess Plateau to reduce sediment generation at source - this cannot solve the massive erosion problem in the foreseeablefuture. In some regions, the Plateau is eroding at a rate of 8-13 mc a year, and the dry climate there is not conducive for growing vegetative cover. The cost of these measures will be twice the cost of the Xiaolangdi Dam and will not give any flood protection;

(d) Constructing an emergency flood channel parallel to the existing river course - would require relocation of 700,000 to 930,000 people, disrupt irrigation, communication and transportation facilities, and present many difficult technical problems;

(e) Modifying the existing river channel configuration, or creating a new channel, abandoning part or all of the existing channel - this would have the same effects as option (d). It would require resettlement of up to 500,000 people and give no sediment control in the lower reaches;

(f) Undertaking large-scalewarping (i.e., diversionand settling of sediment outside the river channel) at various locations - this -5-

would reduce sediment transportand deposition but would not provide direct flood control, would not be effective until large reservoirs are constructed upstream and would require resettlement of about 900,000 people;

4.2 On the basis of flood control, sediment management and costs, the Xiaolangdi Project is the only project which will furnish excellent flood protection and sediment control with a minimum amount of resettlement of people.

5. BASELINEDATA

5.1 The Environmental Stud hrea (ESA) extends for approxi-ately 1,000 Im along the Yellow River, from the Sanmenxia Dam upstream to the estuary and delta at Bohai Bay. This was divided into three areas for EIA study purposes: (i) the reservoir area and surrounding region upstream to Sanmenxia Dam, (ii) the lower river reaches, and (iii) the estuary and delta regions.

5.2 The baseline data for all three areas is discussed extensively in Sections 3.A-D of the Executive Summary. The following relates specifically to the reservoir area and surrounding region.

5.3 The reservoir area extends along 130 km of the Yellow River valley. The main stream of the River through this stretch is deeply incised with little floodplaindevelopment. Eleven tributariesenter this section of the river.

General Characteristics of ESA (Reservoir and Downstream Region)

5.4 Climate. The climate is warm temperate with cold dry vinters and wars wet summers. Average annual temperature is 10-15-C and annual precipitation is 600 mm. Droughts are common. Air quality in the reservoir and surrounding area is generally good although suspended particulates due to dust blown in from the Loess Plateau are high.

5.5 Geograpft. The area is bounded by mountains to the north, vest and south, which change gradually to hills towards the broad floodplain of the lower Yellow River to the east. Almost half of the area has a gradient over 25-. The east-west axis of the Kuangkou anticline passes through the dam site. Seismic zones have been Identified for the area and earthquakes of magnitude 5 on the Richter scale have occurred in the reservoir area.

5.6 Mineral Resources. The mineral resources of the region are significant including valuable reserves of coal. bauxite, copper, iron and building materials. The reserves most affected by the reservoir will be coal, bauxite and iron pyrites.

5.7 Sails. Loess makes up the majority of the soils found below 1,000 m elevation. These very important agricultural soils are comonly slightly alkaline with only 0.5-1 percent organic matter. -6-

5.8 Water Oualitv. Surface water quality is generallygood, even though the River has an exceptionallyhigh silt load. There is some localized pollution, due mainly to mining enterprises,with minor contributionsfrom agriculturalrunoff and domestic sewage. The shallow and artesian groundwater in the area is recharged by rainfall, and is generally suitable for drinking.

5.9 Flora and Fauna. The location of the region near the northern edge of the warm temperate zone plus the variable geography results in terrestrial plant communities which can be relatively complex and diverse. Locally however, there has been a long history of settlement and cultivation, and the natural vegetation and diversityhave been greatly diminished. The diversity and abundance of wild animals are very low throug)hout the region. Waterfowl are diverse, but populations are low.

5.10 Aquatic Resources. Riverine aquatic habitats are generally poor, and aquatic communities are marginal because of the very high silt content in the river. Significant fishery habitat is mainly located in the tributaries. Fisb is not a significant part of the local diet, and fish production, including aquaculture, represents only 0.2 percent of agricultural income in the lower basin.

5.11 P2p_lat1on. The population of the reservoir and surrounding area is about 2.4 million people, approximately181.000 of whom live in the reservoir backwater area and will be relocated under the development plan. Agricultural families comprise 90 percent of the population of the ESA and over 92 percent in the area to be flooded. The main agricultural crops are cereals and cotton. Overall agricultural productivity is low. Azmual per capita agricultural income in the region is about Y 346.

5.12 Public Health. The main public health problems identified include malaria. diseases related to agricultural practices (such as Brucellosis), encephalitis-B, diseases carried by rats. sanitation related diseases, waterborne intestinal diseases, and endemic fluorosis caused by cooking with the high-fluoride groundwater.

5.13 Archaeological Values. A detailed archaeological survey identified over 100 cultural relics and historic sites in the area to be submerged. While none of these are classified as protected by either the State or the province, some of the items are regarded as precious resources for research on architectural and art history. There are also many important cultural resources in the area surrounding the reservoir.

6. EPIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

6.1 Although the EA covered all environmental aspects, four issues were identified as being of critical importance: (a) dam stability and safety, (b) resettlement, (c) cultural heritage; and, (d) public health. The findings on these are summarized in the following sections. - 8 -

that both resettlers and host communitiesaffected: (a) will not be disadvantagedby the Project; and, (b) vill share in the project benefits.

6.8 To achieve objective (a) for resettler families: (i) the resettled families will be re-establishedin a new locationwhere the house, yard and amenities will be at least as good as the family's previous situation; (ii) the family's new earning potential will be at least as good as previously; and, (iii) the family's expenses and loss in income in making the transition will be duly recognized and accounted and compensated for.

6.9 Section 4.C of the attached Executive Sumary assesses the potential for these objectives to be achieved by reviewing provisions and proposals in contiection with; economic effects. housing, amenities and public services, and social and cultural effects. The conclusions of that review are summarized as follows.

6.10 For Resettler Families

(a) Economic Effects. Adequate compensation provisions have been made beginning with generous cash compensation for all matsrial assets. Since the continuation of an agricultural lifestyle is likely to only maintain current incomes (rather than increase them). additional non-farm jobs would be made available to ensure that Incomes are at least maintained and probably increased. The successful relocation of rural people from the three most affected counties will be completed early to accommodate them. Care bas been taken not to overestimate potential crop yields in resettlement areas, since this would have tended to reduce the areas of land allocated to resettlers. Early action bas also been taken to complete agreements between resettlers and host villages;

(b) Preferential Policies. Consideration is now being given to introducingpreferential policies for rural resettlers and hosts including special status for scarce farm inputs, direct free market sales of farm products, training, exemption or reduction of grain quotas. priority for jobs in rural enterprises, subsidies and tax exemptions.

(c) Housing. Amenities and Public Services. The availability of these services will be better than prior to moving (60 percent of the floor space of existing housing of the 181,000 resettlers. is in caves which are characteristically damp and commonly a cause of rheumatism);

(d) Social and Cultural AsRects. Almost all resettlers and host families are Han Chinese and no ethnic problems are likely. Host resettler families surveyed were aware that they will have to move, and although contracts have been signed between townships few had a firm concept of the specifics programs involved except those who would be resettledwithin the next few years. In order to minimize the social dislocation impact villages will be moved as a whole group so as to avoid separation from village neighbors. The main 7-

Dam Stability and Safety

6.2 Dam Safety. This issue was the subject of extensive analysis by the YRCC and an International Panel of Experts (see Section 4.B of the EA Executive Summary). The assessmentsof and provisionsfor dam nafety are believed to be the most detailed ever undertaken for a major dam. A wide range of safety features are provided in the project design including: (a) access road systems are located so that, if access to one bank is interrupted, access to the other bank will be maintained; (b) a comprehensive communicationssystem will be provided, includingmicrowave and radio; (c) emergencypower supplies are available;(d) an integratedreservoir flood regulation plan has been prepared, to utilize all reservoircapacities to minimize flood hazards under extreme flow conditions; (e) emergency response planning has been completed to account for possible failure of the coffer dam during construction; (f) a Flood Emergency Response System has been established and is operationalin the lower basin and elsewhere.

6.3 Stability During Earthquakes. The mass of the dam may increase the risk of induced earthquakes in or near the reservoir area. Because the damsite is in a region prone to serious earthquakes, dam safety has been given particular attention.

6.4 Extensive studies were undertaken by the YRCC inrluding geological mapping of the area, a thorough review of reservoir-induced earthquakes within China and abroad, and detailed earthquake probability assessments. These studies led YRCC to conclude that the potential maximum magnitude of induced earthquakes subsequent to flooding of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir is between 5.5 and 5.6 on the Richter scale.

6.5 Based on a consensus between YRCC and the International Panel of Experts the dam, embankments and intake tower have been tested by modelling for stability during a postulated earthquake of magnitude 6.25 on the Richter Scale with a hypocentral distance of 10 km and a corresponding horizontal peak acceleration of 0.5 g. The results indicate that the dam, erbankment and the intake towers would not be endangered under these conditions.- The seismic design of the dam is considered to be fully consistent with the best state of the scientific knowledge on these aspects.

Resettlement and Re-astablishment of Livelihoods

6.6 Resettlement planning and management represented a major effort in planning and management that outweighed the rest of the environmental studies program by an order of magnitude. Section 4.C of the attached Summary provides a full account.

6.7 A total of 181,000 people will require resettlement from the reservoir area and a detailed plan has been prepared to be carried out in progressive stages. Account has been taken not only of the populatici directly affected by the project (i.e. the people displaced by inundation), but also the population in the -areas receiving resettlers, which w11 be indirectly affected. The two main objectives of the resettlement plan are D -9g -

concern is that the move should result in an improved standard of living, especially given the opportunityto switch from agricultural to non-agriculturallivelihoods.

6.11 For Host Families

(a) Economic Aspects. Although there will be some loss of agricultural land there will be improved irrigationand access to non-farm j3bs. This will result in increase of incomes for host families;

(b) Infrastructureand Public Services. The analysis showed that the resettlement program will supplement the existing infrastructure and services to accommodate the increased loadings without loss in level of service. In most cases the new infrastructure will improve living standards for the hosts;

(c) Social and Cultural AsDects. Surveys indicated that about 70 percent of the host population were aware of the proposed resettlementplan. The majority of these indicated that the program will have significant effects on their livelihoods, and about two thirds seemed willing to accowficJate the resettler families. The indication is that the socio-cultural impacts will be acceptable provided that the host villagers are not made worse off economically.

6.12 Other aspects provided for in the resettlement program include:

(a) Grievance and ComplaintProcedures. A mechanism based on the Village Committees. which represent the villagers independently of the regular government structure, is provided. If a matter cannot be resolved at the Village Committee level. procedures are nrovided for referring the mntter to the local government and, subsequently, to higher government levels as needed up to the provincial level;

(b) Safety Nets. If resettlers or hosts are unsuccessful in achieving satisfactory income levels, they will have recourse to a special Reservoir Area Support Fund, which guarantees minimum incomes if farm or non-farm livelihoods fail to meet their minimum needs. Applicants to the Fund will be referred through the village leader to the County Resettlement Office. This Fund will remain in place until Ministry of Water Resources (MUR) deems that the Xiaolangdi resettlers and affected hosts are no longer at any particular risk;

(c) Transport Caoacitv for Relocation. This has been a problem on other resettlement programs and special provision has been made to ensure that there will be adequate transport capacity for moving resettler families from existing to new sites.

6.13 Implementationof the plan is already under way for resettler families in the construction area; of the 10,500 people (2,330 families) in this area, some 1,730 (384 families) representing16.7 percent of the total - 10 -

have been moved to host villages in the constructioncamp vicinity. By the end of the year 1992, it was planned that 30 percent or 3,150 people will have been moved. An inspectionof the 384 family situatiormade by.a World Bank mission in October, 1992, including discussionswith the resettlers, indicated that the resettlerswere quite satisfied with 'YRCC'smanagement of them thus far.

6.14 The resettlementplan also makes provisionfor monitoring and reporting. Special reportingforms will be completedby resettlement personnel at township or village level, and submittedto provincial and municipal resettlement bureaus. These will be submitted to the YRCC Resettlement Offtce and enclosed in the construction progress reports submitted by supervising engineers.

6.15 YRCCwill engage qualified social scientiststo conduct individual evaluations of resettlers' socioeconomic progress. This service aims at evaluating, and reportingon, the level of living conditions and social services of the affected population, both before and after resettlement. The evaluation will be done annually.

6.16 In summary, the project resettlement and re-establishment of livelihood plan is judged to be the most detailed and competent yet developed for a major dam project in the developing world, and it is believed that, with continuous periodic monitoring the plan will be successful as is already seen in the 384 families resettled so far. Based on the plan, none of the resettlers or hosts will be disadvantaged.

Cultural Heritaq&.

6.17 The Yellow River runs through the 'Cradle of Chinese civilization, and archaeological relies are plentifulthroughout the river basin, especially in the main population and farming areas of the middle and lower River reaches but less so near the daosite.

6.18 A detailed comprehensive archaeological exploration, classification and salvage program has been undertaken to locate, recover and protect important underground and surface relics and cultural treasures In the inundated area. To date, work has focused in the area of known and important sites, and priority has been given to those areas which will be flooded first. There will be more tim available to complete the required work in the host areas and the inundated areas at higher elevations.

6.19 The most important underground relics and sites include the Yangshao and Longshan relics of the New Stone Age plus other city sites. tombs and kilns of the Shang Dynasty. Important surface relics include carvings, statues, temples, grottos and buildings from various dynasties, including the Tangdi Temple in Henan Province.

6.20 The EIA team, together with their government counterparts with expartise in the subject area, will aonitor the salvage and curation of these archaeologic relics. The overall budget for the archeological detection and salvage program makes provision for exploratoryborings, excavationand relocationand reconstruction. The archeologicalrelics protectionprogram is on schedule, and all critical tasks will be completed within budget and accordingto plan.

Zmblic Health

6.21 The pre-:.lentcommunicable diseases common in the study area include malaria, encephalitis.hemorrhagic fever, brucellosis,paragonimiasis, and sanitation-relatedenteric diseases including dysentery,hepatitis and typhoid.

6.22 The project will markedly change the hydrology of the Yellow River through the creation of a reservoir, and providing an opportunity for increased irrigation of the surrounding and downstream agricultural areas. These changes will modify the ecologicalconditions for vector-bornediseases such as malaria and encephalitis, and for communicable diseases such as dysentery, hepatitis and typhoid. Inundation of the reservoir area will aiso force the mass out-migration of disease-bearing rats, possibly resulting in an increased incidence of hemorrhagic fever in the surrounding area and population. The influx of construction workers will increase the risk of both insect-borne and sanitation-related enteric diseases in the vicinity of the construction and host areas.

6.23 The public health vector control and sanitation progrms to be implemented are summarized as follows:

(a) Halaria. During the construction nhase, medical screening of construction workers for caz-^.s of malaria (as well as other contagious diseases), and routine spraying of construction site buildings and breeding areas to control mosquitoes will be mndertaken. The EA report recommended that mosquito control be carried out using Bacillus thuringiensIs serovar lsralensis (Bti), which is a biological alternative to chemical insecticides. During the operation chase disease prevention to be undertaken in both the reservoir and irrigation areas comprises periodic medical checks of the affected population to determine malaria incidence, and periodic monitoring of potential mosquito breeding sites for anopheline larvae to determine the need for special control measures. Special control will include spraying to control anopheline larvae, habitat modification wbere cost-effective. and medical prevention and treatment programs.

(b) ElstobitiJis. The encephalitis control program is similar to that for malaria, except that different mosquito species are involved.

(c) Heuorrha-ic Fever. Rats are the principal vectors of hemorrhagic fever. The prevention and control program to be implemented during the construction and operation stages consists of: (i) destruction of rodents in the area inundated prior to inundation; (ii) monitoring rodent density and the incidence of hemorrhagic fever in the control area ln the year prior to inundation; and, - 12 -

(iii) monitoring after inundation,and applying rodent control and medical treatmentas required.

(d) Sanitation-RelatedEnteric Diseases. Enteric diseases will be controlled by hygiene, provision of clean water and adequate sanitation facilities at the construction site. Contract documents will require construction contractors to comply with relevant provisions and the Environmental Management Office will monitor compliance. In resettlement areas, clean wv&ter and adequate sanitation facilitieswill be provided in the host areas and villages for controllingenteric diseases.

Other Forms of Impact Analyzed

6.24 Other forms of impact analyzed included: fisheries (in-stream, aquaculture, estuarine and coastal); water quality; land accretion in coastal areas; inundation of physical resources; landslides in the reservoir; reservoir seepage; reservoir area clearing; rare species and special habitats; wetlands; and, global environmental issues. The analyses showed that the adverse impacts on these aspects of the environment will generally be small and/or controllable. Some forms of impact (e.g. on greenhouse gas emissions) were assessed as being positive.

7. EiIRONMENTAL MANAGEKENTPA

7.1 A salient feature of the recommended environment protection program is implementation of an Environmental Management Plan, fully funded through the project. The Plan includes provision for an Environmental aunagement Office (EKO) which will have lead and coordinating responsibility for implementing all needed environmental protection measures including:

(a) Management of continuing periodic monitoring for assessing the actual effects of the project;

(b) Planning and implementation of needed correction measures identified through the monitoring program; and,

(c) Preparation of routine periodic reports (and special reports. when needed) for distribution to concerned Cove_ment Agencies and to the Bank.

7.2 The present Xiaolangdi EIA team will form the core staff of the EMO and will assist in the transition period to get the Office fully functional as expeditiously as possible. The EHO will make appropriate use of the resources of all concerned Covexnment Agencies including participation in monitoring and needed correction measures. -13 -

8. OVERALL ASSESSMENT

8.1 The XiaolangdiHulripurpose Project, as planned, representsa sound economic-cum-environmentaldevelopment project for the Lower Yellow River Basin. It furnishescritically needed flood protectionfor the highly developed lower basin vith its 100 million people who have been plagued by floods for centuries. The flood hazard has been progressivelyincreasing to now very serious levels due to continuous siltation.

8.2 The projectwill also control and arrest silt deposition in the lower reach for a period of 20 years during which many river control structurescan be developedto protect the dykes.

8.3 The project provides many subsidiaryeconomic benefits which should markedly enhancesocio-econouic conditions in the lower basin region. The proposed environmentalmanagement plan, when implemented,should offset any significantadverse environmental effects.

8.4 Especially significant in overall assessmentof the project is the detailed comprehensive attention given to the issue of resettlement, representing a pioneering approach for major dams in China and in Asia by which it is proposed that all possible effort is being made so that no resettlers or hosts will be disadvantaged and that most resettlers will significantly benefit from the project. XIAOLANGDI MULTIPURPOSED)ANI PROJECT

ENVIRONMIENTALIN I ACT ASSESSMEIENT

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Abhrevialiins ...... vi. I nlunoductiun ...... I

-urr.u^eoo Prkjiitm an. lr Ct;icijl Need. I Pi. Alternatiwestoi Project ...... 3 - C. Historytif EIA Studies...... -S5...... D. EIA Teamand PaniciparLm...... 6...... 6 E. EIA Sop.e.Appruach and Methodology ...... 7

2 XizaolangdiPnljed DLsrription...... I I A. Overview...... II B. MainPrtinjeit GCmpxnents .II Descriptionand Contruction S-hedule ...... I I ProjectOpertion ...... 12 Hydrolugy ...... 14 C. Projet Compunensfor ManagingAdvese Effects ...... 14 SeismicMonitoring and Prediction . .14 ResetdementProgram ...... 15 ArcdeologicaRelics Preservation ..... ; ...... 28 CommunicableDisase GCntnol ...... 28 PrujectCmptnens fir EndhaningEnvirnnment .29 EnvironnmentalMa ementP ...... 32

3 EniAron rntialStudy Area ...... 34

A. OverallEnvironmentalStudy Area. 34 B. Reservwirand Surmounding Area ...... 34 C. DownstreamRiverine Area .38 D. E.stu;sryand Delta ...... 40

4 EavironmenalAs&esmnwnt and ProtectionMaIsures .42 A. Critica EnvironmentalIssues .42 B. DamSafety ...... 42 OverallDam Safety Program ...... 42 DamStability Against Eariquakes ...... 43 - ii -

C. R4en4em 44 Background ...... 44 EnvironmentalCriteria lor Resiclement .45 EnvironmentalEvaluation of ResettlementPlan ...... 46 Summarvoif Evaluatiion...... 74 D. ArcheologicalReli.s ...... 74 E. Public Health ...... 76 Situatitin in StudvArea ...... 76 Health Efheetsof .Niaolang-diProxject ...... 76 Malaria .77 Encephalitis...... 77 HemotrrhagicFever ...... 78 Sanitation-RelatedEnteric Disease .. 78.....- F. Other EnvironmentalIssues ...... sO...... Fisheris ...... so WaterQuality .... . 82 Land Accretionin CoastalArea ...... 83 Resoiurcestos he Inundated...... 84 Landslidesin Reservosir... 85 ReservoirSeepae ...... 8...... 5 ReservoirArea Clearin ...... 85...... RareSpecies and SpecialHabitals .86 Wetlands... 86 GIlohalEnvinrnmental Issus ...... ;... 87 G. Construction-StageImpacts ...... 87 H. Proiect13Bnefits ...... :...... 88 FlololdControl ...... 899...... Ice Run:Control ...... 9...... 92 Sill Reductioin...... 92 Iffieation and Urbhan'Industrial Water Supply ...... 92 Surface/GnoundwaterBalance ...... 94 ElectricityGeneration ...... 94 1. Enviroinmental-Nionitorine . ,, 94 Envirtanmentul olanintringas Related to XP Components 94 Summarvtf EnvironmentalMoinitoring. Pnixrarn .95 B3enctivtCost'if EnviroininentalMoUnitrorin...... 95 J- EnviroinmentalReview or EcoinoimicAnalvsis ...... 97 ProjectBeneficiaries ...... 97 Impacttf EPMIson PnijectBenetiCo...... 99 K. Coimpliancewith EnvinrnmentalLaws ... 99 L. Public Panicipatitin...... 99 M. ProposedFtillow-up Studies ...... 101 N. Summarvof EnvironmentalImpacts .0...... I. S EnvironmnentalImanag:enent Plan ...... 104

A. EnvironmentalManagement Plan Approach ...... 104 B. EnvironmentalM6lanagement Syslem .106 EnvironmentalManagement Administration .106 Envininmental MananementActivitie .107 C. Eo-nomic Justitication ...... 109

C surn-:a"- :'ne Cnnclusli.;uS ...... 113

T.%nu.ss

1.1 DownstreamFloxod Contrll Benefitsof the XialtiangdiDarn ...... 1.2 Comparisontf Alternativesito Xiaolangdi Proj ct ...... 4

2.1 Main Indicesof XiaolangdiProject ...... 13 2.2 Laws and Regulations Relatingtts RS ...... 8 2.3 ImplememationSchedule fitr Resettlersfrom ConstructionArc; .. . 2.4 RS Program for Reseclersfrom Construction Area - .. . 24 2.5 ImplementationSchedule for Resetulersfroam Reservoir Reion . . 25 2.6 List of Maps IllustratingRS Planning ...... 26...... 26 2.7 Plan for Salvaging Cultural Relics .. 30 2.8 CommunicableDiseas Hazards Atfected by XP ...... 29 2.9 Measuresto ControlM1alaria and Encephalitis .. 32 2.10 Measuresto ControlHemorrhagic Fever .. 33

3.1 AnnualRunoff and Sediment Load of the Yellow River ...... 35 3.2 GeomorphologicalFeatures and Land Gradiensin the Reservoir Regionand the PeripheralZone ...... 36

4.1 SalientQuestions for EnvironmentalEvaluation of Resettlement...... 47 4.2 CompensationPrinciples ftor Varitlus AffectedPoipulation Groups .. . 48 4.3 Summaryof SOCiosecnomicEffects on RSFamilities ...... 50 .4.4 Beforeand After Situationfor Re-settlersft,r HousinglAmenities! PublicServices ...... 56 4.5 Summaryof Socioeorknomic-Effects on Host Families . . 57 4.6 RS linpi.t on Infrastructurein tilc Hot Areas...... 58 4.7 PlannedKey Componentsof Resettlement. .. . 58 4.8 Grieancesand Avenuesof Resolution...... 59 4.9 RS Transport Capacity ...... 61 4.10 RS Planningfor AgriculturalPriduction ...... 65 4.11 RS Planning for Nonagricultural Production ...... 66 4.12 Planningof Rural/TownEnterprises and IndustrialSidelines .67 4.13 Total Compensationfor Resettlement .. 66 4.14 Summarytof EnvinrnmentalReview tbr Resettlement 75 4.15 NEPA Standardsof WaterQuality foir DomesticUse . . 79 4.16 Fish Catchin HenanSection of Yellow River .. sO......

4.17 Water Temperature in Lower Yellow River After Project Construction .-- 83 - . - iv - 4.18 WaterQuality MonitoringRecluiremenU ...... 84 4.19 Summaryof Envin nmenialReview fiir CoinstructionStaNge . .88 4.20 EnvironmentalMinitoring Prnogram .. 96 4.71 BenefitlCostof EMP 3..9 4.22 PrnjectEctinomc Analysis ...... 97 4.73 Ctompliancewith EnvironmentalLaw%S and Regulations...... 10...... 1 4.24 SummaryEIA ftr Xiaolang"diPriject ...... 103

5.1 EhtO StaffingPlan ...... 108 5.2 Cost Estimate i.r XP EnvironmentalManagement llin .109 5.3 Summarv Descriptiomnof Environmental Management Man ...... 110 5.4 Summarn .'I l'rp.is.J Environmental FoaliIn-up StuJie. 111...... II

1.1 EIA Teamfir XP ...... 8 1.' Panicipantsin EIA ftXkpi;lan2ldi Projet ...... 9

2.I PredkiedelChanges *f Waler Level in Xiatilangdi RIsrvasir. 15 2.2 Monthly DischargeFrnm Ximilanedi Rem-rvmiir fair oresign Year .16 2.3 OrganizatioTtftir CulturalRJics Prg ram ...... 31 2.4 Planfir SalvagingCultural Relics .. 299.....

4.1 Tvpical RS Hoiusing.Pel.frc and Atler ...... 4.2 ResenlementGrh:. tnceChannel ...... 60 4.3 Annual RestienmentRequirement ...... 62 4.4 RSSchetJule lir XP ...... 6...... 3...... 4.5 RS PlanningOrganization ...... 6....4 4.6 ExisLingJohbsLivelih;,ti'. fl;r XP Re.s.tlment ...... 71 4.7 FutureJths/Livelihtx%bs%lfir XP RIcettlement...... 1. 4.8 Organizatioinftr Yellow River EmergencvFloi'd C.inilro ...... 91 4.9 Chan Showing Flitod C.ntr.l Action Deisisin .. . 93

4.10 Enviri-mnial oginitoaringRelated iin Proje-t Comnpnent A.fivitiec -. .

5.1 Ensuring Compliance wiih Environmental Protection aXlcsures.105 . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-v

I Xiailangdi Prsje.t Lnwaitisn 1.1 Yelk,w River B;Lin Map 1. GeneralLavatut til Proj.et D)an Site 2 EnvironmentalStuik Area 2.1 EnvininmentalBU;S Map l;r Row.ivt'irArea EnvirimnmemntlIBe MIapfIlr I).'nm reramArea * .3 ELnvironmentalBalse Map fl'r lI) ;.I s.uarnand C.%al Area 3 Hdrogelikl'. in Resenrir Vizinit% 3.1i ineral Re,manrecslatr the Rew-roir Area 4.1 Communicahle)iDe;iss in Rem.r-avirV"ibinln 4.2 Malariain DtinnstreamIrri-atia'm Arca' 5 Ro-etlementVillage Sit. 6 LuinJU.e in Do'wnsIreamEnvirainmenial Studv Area 7 Arnheo'ltg.icalReliis in Rem.nr.uirArea 8 lrrigatitin in DowmaawrearnArea 9 1:1*i I:r iuendie.in DiwnsMtrem.Area to Land t:se in Ro.nenvoirVicinitv II River Fi6hericsin Dlu'in%treamArea 12 Minerl Remiureccand RelatedIntirue6ure 13 Natural Pniexted Arem;and Rare an Prtitleet Sec.ies 14 VegetauitnResure* in ResermasirVicinirv 15 Sur&.weGietla'y. tea%t=itnan Types elf Bank C ilap.'e aiad LandslideU 16 Layvuut*tf Xiaal'angdiDan Site Ctmsntruc:LionArea 17 .MainInundated Ca'mpn nents *t RS Pan. Indei Map 1 Main Cum1rtinenLsf;r RStutilizin; Hi.t Villije 19 RSPlan in Reclairned Land, AliengRiver 20 Typical Planning tir New RS Villa;e Site 21 PlanLayv t f r New Hz'%Site 22 New Site Planning4wr XiailangJi Villa-le 23 Site Design.andRe.idence Modcl fiwrXiasilanjdi Trial Village

A lIuIIUVrZt;itiShawin; X;ial3ng.li l1raiject -B Termn 1f Referenc.efri Faillaiwup Studies C Summar%tif XP RestelementPlan. - ~.. ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ -.

.IST oF ABBREVIATMONS

A. l. A%.fl Ilc pMnit ItnkL C R CIPNI Yctes"oRicr JnsintVenture U - I;:Dclopinr Csaunt -. *.Iii i ItlinlDiirtineft3lImpa. Ai.MS-NmLntL p

F' Is; l-:nm irornment.ilMubnageme,:nt LouJGreup liMO Iio lnvir.'nmentalManazgement Oice - I-.mireininentIl Mlsnits'ring Program I::11' -linvirsnnignicnl Mlan:t±emcmiPlan 1.1': I:flmernmcntalI'r.tetitsn jlurcna I:!.HI .Inmnim. I'r.sw.iru MIra.urcs 1 v ...... cnv.. Surn:atirctunury s4f ElrA vI:mrinmcnuslStud& Arca Kt...... lnJlu-4rki.,liJ (;'mmrv'... NttviV...R, . %lini'uritI WVatcrRCNvurIU-CLW NI 1f' Nai.mnIllinvirssnuncuisal l're'gtc3is.n Agency !;:s IReCukn-m-en: :w!:. - Sicnif'i .. t Enlinir inmc-uQ i.s%UC t I!v t) I flul. :.%I' tsg. ~ ati..:Sc.;ientific >SCukural Ornninriun U I . WUrlIJ Bank

X-tidlangdiPm"jc YRCC * clias. Rk er Cn,n azw%C.mnMbsiinn ' 'tm'1l{)l YcN'st. Riv-r W:a:cr adnJHthnbcl&raric Ravwr -xel'IpMrentCi'rpnrnrio%n

-- -~ .- .- - *.

C INTRODUCTION

A. PURPOSEOF TllE PRojECT ANM 1S CRMCAL NEED

1.1 While the XiaolangdiProject (XP) is a major multipurposedam and reservoirproject. it is unlike manysuch prnjects in that. in additionito coimbining flxd control.power production. water supply for irri"atihn and urbarlindustrialdeveltopment. it addresses the very seriousproblem of silt deposition in the lower reachesof the Yellow River. The River hasthe highestsediment concentration of all major rivers of the world. and lack of contrul of heavysedimentation in the lower river basinhas seriously impededbeneficial river useand cump ounded flood hazardsfor hundredsof years. Hence.the Project will provideboth river waterand sediment control t o furnishsafety. ecoinomicand socioeconomic benefits ttosome 70 million pei)ple.nkmstly farmers living in the ltowerbasin (Table 1.1: Maps 1.1and 9). The XP is designedto protectdownstream populations. settlements. farms. and infrastueture from thehazards of disastrousfloods that have plaguedthis region for centurirs, to achievea major expansionin downstreamirrigation, to generatesufficient electric power toi makea majorcontribution to meetingthe energyneeds of the lower basin. to furnishadditional water supply for suppxrtingurbanization and. - industrializationand for enhancingestuarine ecology. to contributesignificandy to expandingdownstream -aquaculturc.and tu.furnish selected enviromnental enhancement measures. In spiteof the proZblemof

... >. resettlingapproximately 1 8t .050 people.the XP will not resultin any significantadverse environmental effecs or unmitigatedlosses. pnrvided the EnvirnnmentalManagement Plan (EMP) is implementedas delineatedin Chapter5. The primaryheneficiaries of theseimprovements will beordinary. mostly rural. peniple.

1.2 The Projectis b6thunique and critically neeed btcauseof thespecial circumstances of thet Yellow River basin. As alreadynoted. the Riveris themuddiest major river in theworld becauseof the highand continuing massive erosion of theLoess Plateau upstream of the Projectarea. Whilethe Yellow River hasonly onetwentieth of theflow volumeof the Changjiang(Yangtze) River. it carriesabout three timesas much silt on an annualbasis. about 37.000 grams per cubic meter. This heavysilt ltad results in significantdeposition in the lower reaihesof the river, which progressivelyraises the river bedand greatlyincreases the threatof fltxding in thesereaches.

v-I Table 1.1: DIiwNSrKRAI FIAXHI Cmmnix. BmM.nsL XIA)IANGIN; DAM

Cultivaieul Down.aircamarca, Area land Population fkm') (1i mu) (ICr)

Lonw-lying arcai belwwvraied river bed(by dike brcaks) 250A.0X ICKO.XXI Without XLD: >1:100 bears With XLD : C : l.O years

Bcijinhi floioddetentioin ba-win 2.316 234.0 1.443 : 3 Without XLD: > 1:60 rears With XLD : < 1: I.000 !cars

Dinnpine Lake lnKd diversiomnran 627 52.9 0.271 Without XLD: > 1:6 canr. With XLD : < 1:50 year%

Rai.ed rivrr flooplain (within dikes) 3.544 334.9 1.471 Without XLD: > 1:101 years With XLD : < 1:L.OOU wars

Total . 26,47 621.S HVA11 5

Soiurce: Map 9.

1.3 In :ttler its protectthe floxlplain areasin the lewerriver reachesfrnim diksmru,u% tulsds. the existingdikes and training woirksalong both hanksmust he maintained and raisedon a regularhasis. The diklesystem is very precarious hecausethe river hed is raised(tor "suspended-i3-10 meier; aNkive the -airroundingurban andl aricuhlurall arers. It is increasingly tlticul t.;dner tur: 2nd autsil I:'; a'n:nue raisiniethe dikes hecauscof ttun,lafionand structural safety prohiems.

1.4 The critical imponmncesat the Xiaoilan;-dil'nrject Is illustrated 1wIhe fact thatthe presentdike sv±aemprotects the floikdplain only againstfltsmxis mif a 60-vearmaginitutle. Grealer flood levels c:anhe expsectedto ccur anm time: and would causeenormnous losses of life and damageito property. infrastructure. and industr. The XP till oIler vinually completeprotection in the downstreamreaches againstthe l-in-lJAKO-Gier IiLwu (Tahle 1.1: Maps 1.1 and9). -3- F B. ALTERNATIVETO PR()JELT

1.5 Over the years. many seriousalternative pnripsals have been put foirwardtla reducethe hazardsof flotodingand to reducesediment deposiition alotng the lotwerreaches oif the Yellow River. Sevenfeasible alternatives were consilered. prsiented in Table 1.2. as fillows:

(a) Raisingthe dikesto L'Ofllril a 1.000-yearIhod.

(h) Constnasinti reservoirstivr t.- .:nncnrul and seliment managementat la tleneflvl suitahle

'C rsites includingXiaolanjdi andLongmnen.

(c) Implementinglarg=es;cale conservation and rehlabilitation meax'ures in the LoessPlateau tol reducesediment loss and transport tn the miiddlereaches of the Yellow River.

(d) Constructingan emer"encyllnod channelparallel ito the existin; river courseto .;hninate majoirtinolding utf law-ling are.LL

(e) Moldifvingthe existingriver channelconfiguratiln. *r creatinga new channel.abandoning part torall of the existingchimnel.

If) Undertakinglarge-scale warpin" (i.e.. diversionand settlinsof seliment outsidethe river channel)ftir managingsediment at Small North Main Streamfroim Lnngmentoi ToIngguan. WenmentanFloolplain. Yuanva;ng-Fcn;qiu. Dongnming and Taiqian areas.

=. C. * i g1g) ...... Importingwater from the Yan;tze River. andusing the clear water to scourthe channel.

1.6 Eachpnrje;t alternativepo sessessignificant shtmrtocmings due to tect.hnicaldir speratdimnal difficulties:

(a) Raisingthe dikaesto contnrllloolding (Alternative A) is not a satisfiaorv long-termsolutiin since it would be very costly. would involve considerableuncertainty due tosstructural weaknessesof the dikes. and would not reducesediment deptosition in the lower reachesof - the River.

(b) The operationof reservoirsfo;r flood contr;l andsediment management (Alternative B) will regulatedownstream loo%xding and seediment depisition. but maagementof water tlow alone will not reducelong-tern river channelbuildup of sedimentand related flooding. -4- -

nb 1.2: OcFwaoAMLOM TO XMAOL PXOJECr

_~~~~~malmma an. adtwq Sff@m Sam _oan as GE_d pq.I ofafl smmm a" mo lvmm Io-

d .21 nda 1m Was . V am 1w .mmm.,.waim MM3m -- am milumSfl emiu ] egigs by

LMNPM9 =afln s- S32mw fa Ned " by 13mmm wmw s : _mit 1w uiiU soo 12mm 1w %me _~~~~1 _- umewl 13.1 w|_| ca mmdye.- 'es mm'm 3m -.ewmo 'mi 5 - B. tw - =- to Sn ow .- .2

,ag 13lme. amegs OEM ainin_ __ 2= |_ ~~~_~~~t t*7~mlb puemiuma_m wasbp 1w oxaDM| __

CWistal) snow am se =Umr =

Zammew~i ~ Mal.. way 1w~mlb eaft nmmm nl Gam 3m SW sew1 e bopper nowww im a" enwe camuMO3. f._ _ r P. lb m-

- mm Rope 1w '13 - mm l -sn -bed 'me =m 5 '--a'esesi

S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

(cJ Lar,,e-scale sil cniservation mewsurs and rehabilitatien on the LA.ss Platealone AltermativeC) cannts sulve the m nsiveenision prolemd over the foresabil fiiture- since in st ne regkirs. the Plateau b. atvJing at a rate *of2-3 mm a year. and the dry climate there is not amducive growing vegettivegkir 13er. -5- (d) Constructionof an emergencyfilood channel (Alternative D). or nmolifyingthe existing channelconfiguration (Alternative E) would necessitateLhe relocation of millions of people. disrupt irrigsion. communicatiunand traportation facilities, and presentmany diflicult technicalproblems, including intensive maintenance of thenew and existing dikes. It would probablyalso proveto be unacceptablefor social. environmentaland political reasons.

(e) Large-scalewarping (Alternative F) wiuld reducesediment transprt and depositionin the lower reachesof the river. However,it would not pnrvidedirect floxxl :ontrol. andwobuld nmime eflectiveuntil largereservoirs are constructedupstream. Warping can he indluced only by furnishinga high headwith waterand sediment under conrol. Large-scalewarping atWenmengn Floodplainand Small North Main Streamcan only he carriedout effectively aftercompletion of Xiaolangdiand Longmen Dams.

(t) Importingwater to theYellow River(Alternative G) will help solvewater shortage problems. but not the flxxling problems. Such importationmay eventuallytake place but. win'i competingdemands for water for municipal.industrial and agriculturaluses. it is unlikelv that water can beallocated fir sedimentflushing.

1.7- While noneotf the Projet alternativeson their own cansoilve the floodingproblem over the long term. a combinationof someof them.when implemented in a logicalsequence. can resolve the flod L an sedimentdeposition problems over the long period,.say100 years r so. The approch to reducing floodingand dqepsition in the lower reachesof the Yellow River. which is consideredmost feasible 2nd effective; involvesthe csrution of one o!r more resevirs with sufficientstorage cApacity such as Xiaolangdiand Longmen.

., ...- :. -.

4i k 1.8 Thesealternatives with theiradvantages and disadvantages aresummarized in Table 1.2. On the basis of flxol control,sediment managemenand ansts.the Xiaolangdi Pnrject is dearly the p'eferred

r .- '*** . altenative becauseit conirols92.5 percet of the drainagearea and almist 100percent of the inflow sedimentload. It is the only pnrject which will furnish both excellentflood protectionand sediment contnrl.

C. HL%rORYOF EIA STUDIE;

1.9 The first Environmentl ImpactAssessment (EIA) Reporton the Xiaoilangdi Project. including 22 supportingspecial repotns. were prpared in 19$6.(EIA S1) in order to qneet.therequirements of China's NationalEnvironmental Pnrtetion Agency(NEPA). The work was carriedout by a Yellow River ConservancyCommission (YRCC) teamsupported by 88 Chineseexpers from variousresearch institues and universities. In Mari 1986. the results of the initial assessmentwere approvedby NEPA. - 6- 1.10 In October 1989 when China requestedproject financing with the objective of appraisingthe Project. the World Bank (WB) providedan outline of its retquirementslir specific environmenialwork necessaryprior to prnjectappraisal and loan approval.i/ Additional requested environmentalwork was carriedout the fiollowingyear. and the initial environmentalassessment with supportingspecial reportswas preparedin English-

I . I I In OLtober1990. revisions t) thesedocuments were undeenakenby the YRCC EIA Tcam in order to preparefor the World Bankrwiject appraisal. This woirk was carriel out with the adviceand assistance of the consultingrirm. CIPM Yellow RiverJoint Venture(CYJV). which had been selectedby the Chinesegovernment andE WB to assistYRCC in preparingthe feasibilitystudy. lThis > eflfit was further assistedby an InernationalPanel or Expertsestablished by the Yellow River Water N. j andHydroelectric Power Develtpment Corpo ration (YRWHDC). and also by guidelinesprovided by WB . - - missionsin 1990and 1991. Successivedraft EIA documentswere producedby the EIA Team and reviewedby WB micsionsin April. June and October1992 (EIA 12. 13 and.14. respectively). The presentdocument (EIA f5. November1992) incorporates the suggestionscof the lasctBank m.ssion and is intend ftar the appraisalstage of the WB project cycle. This iterative process.in addition to prdxlucingthe EIA document. has resultedin valuabletraining and transferof technologyto the YRCC EIA team-

1.12 The EIA studieshave been carried out in parallelwith other aspcctsof theXiatlanadi Project planningprocess. The presentEIA dacumentcorresponds to) the current stagueof feasibility assessmentand the World Bank's appraisalphase (of the projectcycle.

D. EIA TE.4i -,'D PARTICIPANTN

1.13 Typicallv in environmentalascscsment. the proponentis responsiblefor completing the EIA. The XianlangdiEI.- wvmcarried tout by a YRCCteam consisting t'f a proj5ctdireclor. a team leaderand specialistsin varitus fields includingbiology. geography.soils. hydrology.environmental en"ineering.meteoro)lgy. socioeconoimic and publichealth (Figure 1.1).

1.14 Figure1.2 shows the varitour grups andindividuals providing assistance to theteam. A total of 455 professionalman-mknths input fn)m YRCCpersonnel and outsideexperts were utilized

J.1 WB. 19899OperalionalDireeive400.AnnexA: EnvironrnentalAssessmeni.Operational Manual. 6 pp. + 3 annexes.Washington. DC: 're World Bank. WB. 1989. OperurionalDirelitr 4.iO. Anner B: EnirhnimentaI Polic- for Dmn and ResenruirPrtjrcrs. OperationalManual. 5 pp. + 4 annexes. Washington.DC: The World Bank. .. - -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7- t;or preparingversions EIA #1 and #2. VersionsEIA #3. #4 and #5 haverequired anLtther 192 man- mtunihs.hringin- the ittal YRCC/EIA input 1to703 man-months.The tttal time allotttedto) CYJV has t heen6 man-rmnths.

1.15 In additiontt the Xiaolangdi EIA studies.the YRCC EIA teameompletet a post- projectEIA review fiar the upstreamSanmenxia Priject during the 19S7-89peritxl. which requiredan addititnal 320 man-menthsof professionalinput. This audit wa. invaluableto the EIA Team for assessingihe etectLs ot Xiae'Iangdi.

1.16 Becauseot the importanceof the involuntaryresettlement issue in the overall XiaolangdiProject. a spe'cialteam was ovfganized foir working exclusivelyin preparingthe rel cationand resettlementplan. This involvedinputs of approximately9.952 man-mtnthshv Chineseprofessionals. who workedeclosely with the EIA team. This resettlementplan representsa pioneeringeffnrt. since it is the first time a majordam and reserv.ir pnrjectin Chinahas hada resettlementplan preparedas an integralpart ot' itS feasihilitystudy.

1.17 Becausethe Xiatilangdi Project is of greatimptortance for thecontinuing development of the lower Yellow River basin. including considerationof earthquakestahility. sedimentation. involuntaryresettlement and enviroinmental effacts. YRCC appointed a panelof distinguishedinternational - expertsto review, evaluateand adviseon the work being conductedin theseareas. The International I. Panelof Experts.in addititonto specialistsin the fields of dam construction.hydraulics. sedimentation, - economicsand resettlement. included an EnvirunmentalSpecialist whio contributed approximately 2 man- nwnthsover the perixl May ttoOctoher 1992.

E. EIA SC-OPE, APPROAChI AND hEnIODOLO)(;V-

-'1'I.1B - In it; termsof reference.the World Bankindicated particular areas for emphasisin -

xr;'"' -5> 1 WB. 1991. OperarkinalDiretir 4.01: E,swronmenaAsessrinctit. Operational Manual. 6 pp. . 6 annexes.Washington. DC: The World Bank. i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L. Illtitre 1.1: EIA Ua.8l ft, ir

L in X14sh

Water CoimnOcr y Ecology - - andNydroelectric Biology and Hydrology Pedclogy Geolopy Nelith Englneerlng _ eoraphy

Yanq Dollet Xil Xlnfanq Zhnn c Liu ln _M anan

TotalNan Month Irnuts Ie.settlent Enviroiwnentall.tudy.. I Fonuibility I..l Chine%ePrefesslmnals Expatriate Experts Review Task Rs tassm _m______~~~~~~~~EIA Ten 690.S 12.5 .... Adviser IS Team 9.9_2 20

y. ,<$~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~/. I .,.A' : '~~~~~~*.*.', .:.

! . . . Flgure1.2: Prik wwwlE'AI'.IN EAt IMXN%;I.AN;(.i)i I' Air ^ (I;s~~~~~~~~~~frperhiz 1984iti( 1992)

Expert Assigtunce 1 V-CC/EIA Teame -. i mpert-EIA Atss;tance fraI from Chinese _ _ _.--.- oCi.taIce Export Advisers Institutes/aAgeacled man- montKha] an. ronths "n~~~~~~~~~onh _ ; ___ a onUetianof| CE_ _ 1

Yellow liver Hopital _ introcton Pe 30

___ _ _ . _ _ _ 5 Chwter l/EnvirormentnaStudy Area 1 901 Unter Resources Protection 1.Asswntr orCntor 140 td 0nrk Misa -3S Insttituteof VkC( _ __Fm S"fetv ~ ~~! 1-- __ia_eprte_ __1_ _ losett /a _s0 | _ _ _ _ - - - - ~4 Irho i a' Cslr =5r~-80 letal 2 of Beia ng Univertityr r ol a

_ _urveyialogse>ical_ _n d Department______ntteof 1 Ascretonelil -i_ 0 - Slhanxlteachers U'est __ rdte PeuCes _WO _ 1 Re~~~~~servoirLa cmo 1 -llogicoliep rtent of r Aroaac ei Teachers University i aeSeleslHaDi laty4i 0

---lean rownciloforestry I--on% ructon Ste5AGO |~~~~iSuvyadO gn I m titute r e e isI I_ L_ : _ __ I~~~~~~orxirsWRecreatan6 1 __-_ -1.----- _ _ D eawwaA etlture - fenan Provincial Water and -r h na rent PlIn lSoil Cojervation Surenu h w rrAnt nd oncluwlons

iShnxiProvincial - l-- CulturatRelic Initit ute la ForEnvl-oraental Review of ResettleentPlan

. - .- - I HenanProvincial Goverrvent

- TShanxi Provincial Cover ent

ChineseExpert Con4ultation ______.o ... _ _.i.. 1211 1.7.0 *- 0-

I. 19 The Xiatilangdi EIA Team undendxlkan inventory and description of the environmentalc nmponentspotentially alfeeted by theproject. including:. (i) naturalphysical environment: (iil naturalbiological environment: (iii) economicdevelopment resourcesm. and (iv) quality of life values such as public health. cultural reso)urces.and archeologicaland hisiorical sites and mLonuments.It screenedthe Projectagainst these envininmental cimponents in order to identify pkitentiallycritical and sihnificantissues. using a broadmatrix of projecta.tivities aOainstenvironmental ctmpoinents. Onee the critical issueshad beenidentiried, specialists in relevantfields prepared detailed matrices otf cause-elfect relationshipsproducing impactspotentialiv critical to the Project. The Project's impact on each si-nificant environmentalissue was assessedin termsof its magnitudeand importance.Where possible and aplprpriate, the EIA has taken full advantageof experience from the Sanmenxia Prnject located 130km upstream.which has beenin operationft;r some30 years.especially as a primary sourceof informatitontin the magnitudeand imptrtanceof prtbahle environmentalimpacts ftrom the Xiaolang-di Pro,ject.

1.20 Whererequired. prliven and feasible environmental provection measures tEPMs) have beenproposed for mitigatingadverse impacts. and fuir offisettingunavoidable adverse impacts. Eachof the measuresproipoised has beendeceribed, and an estimateoif iLscotm and schedulingprnvided fior inclusionin the srpecificationsand tender documents and in the overall Projectloan.

1.21 Stomeotf these protection measures will be implementedduring the ProJect'sdesign and constructionstages. and others as parLof the Pnrjectoiperatioin. An exampleof the foirmeris environmental.socioieconomic. and resettlementhaseline monitoring. Measuresto be implementedin the con%LruCti0nand operation stages include monitoring to ensurecompliance with constraintsspecified in the EIA and to prnvidedata necessary fior implementingneeded additional environmental protetion measures.

1.22 An importantresult of the EIA processhas beenthe developmentof an overall Environm-mntidMana-ement Plian (EIMP). In additionto definingthe scotpe. detail. hu --et andscheduling t;r miti-ation and ofttting menasures.the plan calls for the estahlishmentof a XiaolangdiProject EnvironmentalN'anagement Ofhice (EMO) with responsibilityftir monitoringthe implementationof all essentialenvirt3nmental protection measures. and ftorplanning addititonal measures needed fir mnonitoring purposes.

1.23 The EIA of the Xiaolangdi Projectis intendedto contributeto the planningand implementationtof the overdll Project. and to assistin attaining its multipurposeobjectives in an environmentallyacceptable manner. In sto doing, it will contributesignificantly to the sustainable developmento f the Yellow Riverbasin in its lower reaches. 2 XIAOLANGDI PROJECT DESCRIPTION

- - A. OVERVIEW

2.1 The Yellow River is the secondlargest river in China. It is very flood-pronein isLlower reachesbecause of heavysilt deposition.which hasrequired scontinuing raising of thedikes untif they are now 3-5 metersab.ve adjacentland levelsand. moreover.further raisingof the dikes is nn longer feasiblebecause of structuralfoundation problems. Dike breachesoccur 1:5 years.and about 1.6 tinns of silt entersthe estuaryannually. J

2.2 The overallXiaolangdi Project comprises components for achievingits main objectiveso f flood control. irrigation.and power generatiod;and a groupof supplementarymeasures for mitigating !I or offsetting the Project's potentialsfor gereratingadverse envirtnmental effecss. The systemof strultural works includesthe dam.a reservoir.the powerplant. the irfigation systemand a watersupply system.

2.3 AnnexA includesa satelliteview of thedam site/reservoir area. together with a drAwingoif a typical dam sectionand somephotos taken at the dam site. Maps 1. 1.1. and 1.2 show the project location.

B. MAZINPROJECr COMPONENTS

Deswriptionand ConstructiomSchedule

2.4 The proposed site of the XP dam is on the Yellow River, approximately40 km upstreamof . . the city of Luoyang. Henan province. The site is 130 km downstream from the Samnenxia Dam. and 115 km upstream from tie Beijing-GuangzhouRailway Bridge at Zhengzhou. The Dam cat.hmentarea is 694.155 kmn7,or 92.3 percent of the Yellow River basin. The XiaolangdiReservoir is situated between the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River. in an ideal location to control5ilt and water flow from the majorportion of the draze basin. The dam site selected is the only one possible downstream-of Sanmenxia to offer a large reservoir and flood control capacity.

. ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - 12 -

2.5 The XP hasa numberof objc tives.uif which the most imptrnantare hoxd control. ice-run prevention, and reducing, siltation. Impnrtant sectndarv henelits include irnprs'vei water supply. irrigaticn and power generation.The overall proiect is an importantelement in the oiverallplan fir achievingan oiptimal ecomnmic and envirinmental harnessing and management of ihewater red.ouresoif the Yellsw River (Mtap1. 1).

2.6 The XP consistsof dhedam. flixd rileaseand silt dischargestructures, and water diversion and ekIctricity-grneratingstructures. The damis a 154m high rockfilledstructure with innerblanket and inclinedIoam zore. and a ttip elevation f 281 m. Total reservnircapacitv is appriximately 12.65hillion m'. with ntormalpool level at 275 m. The dam includes15 tunnels: 6 are ftor flooidrelease. 3 tfir sill discharge anJ 6 diversionsfor eleatricity generation. All 15 tunnels are located in the rock massof the' river hankswith maximumthiclnessi nf 145in. The intakesof the tunnelsare Coomhinedin a single intake%tructure. A servicespillway and an emergencvspillwav are also locateJtin the left bank (Map 1.2x.-The tWIaldischarge capacity tof the reservoir during maximumpool level amountstoi 17.000m'/s. Durinn;fltxod contrnl operAitins. the limiting levelis 254 m. The hydroelectricplant is undergroundwith an installedcaacity tof 1.800MW. anda long-termaverage energy output uf 5.4 TU'h. Total investment requiredfrom all sourcesfor the projectis in the vicinity of Y II hillion.

2.7 The XP constructionperiod will lastei-ht Years.and its clohsurewill occur after the flnoo ,-ea%snin the hi,urthvear of cunstruction.The floodlontrol objectivewill he achievedin the seventh year. Twoi turhine units will operateduring the seventhyear. and 1tiur additiionalunits will enter toperationin the l;illhoin! year.

$.8 The main componentsand indicesifir XP are presentedin Table 2.1.

Project Operation

2.9 The XiaolangdiProje.l will heoperated soA as to' achieveils mainobiectir-6s ot'f tltdxl c'ntrl. -i1treduaition irrihatiuin. water supply-and powver generAtion.

2.10 The flood storagelevel otf 275 m is fixed by ,he tailwater level oif Sanmenxia Rescrvoir.and the normal dead water level of 230 m is determinedhv the requirementfivr fltl control. and regulatingwater supply and silt dis.charges.Basedt on the SanmenxiaReservoir experience, the Xiaolangli Reservoirwill be operatedon an annualcycle designet'for 'sioring clear and discharging muddy' water. Beginninigin early Julv. the reservoirwater level will he drawn down and re,ulated between230-254 m in order to dis:chargesilt-laden floodwaters until late September;Fnrm October tto June. the water enteringthe reservtir. containinga relativelv low sedlimemload. will he storedand regulatedfor irrigation. watersupply. electricit generatkinand ice contnrl. r -'13- Table 2.1: MAIN ININLEiS(w XiAOLIwNtxPmwu;xr .. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. iN INem - Unit Amount

I Total long-termaverage runoffof Yellow River 10x m' 47.5 2 Total lung4enmaverage sediment dirchargeof Yellow River . 10 x m'l 1.636 3 Total sizeof Y ellozwRivcr hun tm 752.433 4 Cintrolled River Basin .- knin 694.155 S Fraction of Xionlangdicabhinmen uptream cli Sanimensia kln 5.730 kin: 663.425 f LUnlnjeArnuverage runoiff 10 x n' .1.32 7 Lnng-terin averagc il: disharge 10' xi 1.94 * Fractt omefXiaolangdi discharge *oatnulled by Sanmncsia mn:s 17.0 1325.0 9 Cbeck flood level m 273.0-275.0 10 Designtlood level m 272.3-274.5 I Flod storagelevel (FSL) m 2750 12 Area of reservoirsurfice o f Xiaalangdi kin- 272 13 Length of shorelineat El. 27S m km ' 950 14 Normal deadstorage level m 230.0 15 Total storige capacity lr m' 12.65 16 Effective storagecapacity 10 X RI' 5.1 -Flood comntrodl lo,s' S4.0 Regulatingwater n sand 10 x m' 1.05 17 Siltation storageCpcity x ' 7.55 1 Maximum dischargeduring Vkvalstorage level m'Js 17.000 19 Maximum dischargeduring design flOodlevel n?/s 133W0 20 Maximum dischargeduring check lond vel . ms'S 13570 21 Maximum dischargeduring nonrmldead level ms,s 5.755 2- Maximumdischarge during abonnal deadlevel -m's t.032 23 Maximum dischargefor powergeCnation mI 1W560 24 baledcc (ity(6nitui) . MW lO0 25 GuteedOUql ...... - , 1xlWh '.. . 24.7 26 Long-termaverae output 10' x kWIh 5.4 '7 Dam crest levaton .- * m 21.0 25 Maximum duin height a 154.0 29 Structuresfor flood release.silt'diahae. aver diversion aDUelectricitv generai Flood releas tumel with critic plate energfydissipaion Amgnat ,3 size m ID14.S flood release tunnel of free fml type Amount 3 Size m 10xiZ (wxbl Silt dischaurctunel Amount No 3 size m ID6.5 WaVr diversiontunnel for generating electricity Amnunt :o N 6 Size ra ID7.3 30 Submergeacultivaned land 10' mu 183 31 Submergedirrigaed land 10rmu 54 32 Pqplatiouto berstfied - perons 151.05 33 Main matrial quatities Earth and rock excavation lO'xm' 44.11 Earth and rack fill . .. ,0s ( 60.4 Cncrete and rinforced cenncf - 10t x s 2.S6 34 Total constructionperiod (1993-2001) - -. r - 35 Average and a labor force for construcon mg . Persyr->n 5.4t1l£) 36 Coneruction cad .Yaun 11 - 14 -

2.11 In ordertu optimizesediment deposition in theXiaolangdi Reservoir. the waterlevel will he regulaiedinitially at 205 m. This is the minimumhead tor elTectivegeneration of electricity. The reservoirwater level will he increasedgradually to 254 m at a rate of 3 m per vear. In this wav. the reservoirwill trap mostof the cxoarsesand. while most of the fine silt will hedischarged and flushed into the sea. After about 30 years of operation, the designedsediment storage capacity will be filled: and the reservoirwater level will then be droppedto 220 m in order to scour and flush out accumulated sediments,and therebyregain the reservoir storlgeand regulationcapacity. In the flkxoi season.the reservoir level will he controlledat 230-254m to regulatethe runoff and sedimentin the downstream river course. The reservoirwaler level will he 230-254m. This methodof operationwill makethe .- Xiaolangdi Reservoirmuch more effective for reducingsilt than the SanmenxiaReservoir. When Sanmenxiawas built. the water level was raisedto an excessivelyhigh level soon afier completio-n. resultingin the trappingof both coarseand fine sediments.in the rapid filling of the reservoirwith sediment,and in the loss of its water storagecapacity. Consequently,the SanmenxiaDam and its olperationhad to he redesigned:and a major reconstructioneffort wrasrequired to installspecial tunnels to flush out theaccumulated sediments.

2.12 The 5.1 billion in effectivestorage of XiaolangdiReservoir will be usedprimarily b{wrfltxo cLintrl andregulating water andsilt. The reservoircan controlfloods of up to 1:1.000vears magnitude.and limit the flow in the lower reachesof the river to not morethan 22.500mels. which the existingdikes caneffeLtively control. By usingreservoir storage eflectively. the largerunoff now being ltostto the seaduring the floMK, season may be usedf.or irrigation and other heneficialuses. Over the first 50 vearsof tperation. the XiaolangdiReservoir will reducedownstream siltation by approximatelv7.8 billion tons. correspondingto no siltation in the lowerreaches fior 20 years.and thuseliminate the need for further raising of the dikes. It will also promote scouring of downstream sections.

Hvdrolohv

2.13 Figure2.1 shous predicledreservuir waler levelsand Figure 2.2 shou-sprediuted flow volumesin thedownstream river.

C. PROJECT CoMPONENTS R)R MANACSNCC ADVERSE EFFECTS

2.14 The XiaolangdiProjet includesseveral project componentsneeded for mitigating and offsetting ponentialadverse environmental effect. for enhancingstxcioeconomic henefit.s and for managingimplementation of the ahove'

Seismic Monitoring and Prediction r 15

275 - - * V ~~~~~~~274-- i ~~~~~~~272__ \T

270 _ 2618 _ _= / \ \

260-

22 254--255 -: 1 /

- 249 -

"'- . i '- .. .,'- -C . 8 l - _ _ - ...... 7 {19 10 t t- 12 1 2 3 4 5 6

--. , ronth + Pb9-s o Pks5x -- a P-10 x average

Figure2.1: PMREI D CIANGESOF WATERLEVEL IN Xl.oIANGDI REsERVOIR

A.><; 2.15 Becauseof the potentiallyserious consequencesof dam failure subsequentto an earthquake,the XiaolangdiDam has beendesigned to resistthe maximumquake predicted fwr the arma. 1tis important,however. to be ab)leto predlit theseevents before they occur.and the Prnjeatthereforc calls for the establishmento#an extensivemocnitoring network for this purpxose.together with careful plnning for prompt responseactions in the event of any emergencysituations. Theseprnvicions are reviewedin some detailin Chapter4B.

RestilmnewitP m

2.16 Becausethe XP will relocateinvoluntarily 181.050 people, the Projectincludes s specialresettlement and rehabilitation component planned to meet17 specific resettlement criteria, *f - whichthree are of fundamentalimportance. The first criterionis that the populationinvoluntarily resettedshould not only maintainits currentstandard of living. but shouldalso share in projectbenefits.

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Fi2ure2-.2ttNru DI-1AMlEA I:n : XKIAO.NCD Rh:qncivohgFoR DI-'uN ru

below.Rsl-b The %ec:.'ndcriterion stipulate that the resettlement transition periosd shesuld he minimized,and adeqluate - social and econi"mi support proivideddurini! !ti%:ranshi;imn periodi. The third criterion 'lets olut that prCL1tkEfltia'h.'uld .a: h:cr oz.anlp!ct" :.mIL :. ::':g~i!um:i:n -f:.. Ji%gi.cuLturj nal employvmentanSI epterprisesN. The re%-ralemcntRSj prog-ramis s-ummariyedbelow

2.17 Because the RS issue is an extremely sensitive iss;.uefroim the environmental potint of view.%YRCChas allocated a very sizableprtinimnofthieitotal Xiatilang-di Project feasibilit.yswudvtoRS planning. For this reason, the RS planning repoirtis votluminoius.Foir the purpose sif the EIA Executive Summary. it is necessAry ito describe the essential fieaturestof the RS planning/prtogram.as presented - 17 - '.18 RvtihidementPlanning-BuckLurgnund. The importancetof the entorceedrelocation issuetlo prijeLt feasibility.and to planning,Iair the elcteive reestahlishmenttof the livelihoi.s andhousing of' thoseaffected. has ILedt1o the initiation of resettlementstudies over 20 years ago. Resettlement planninginvolves 13 counties(or county-levelcities) in Henanand ShanxiPrnvinces. with 8 locatedin the reservoirarea. and 5 hnstcounties located adjacent tto the YelliowRiver. downstreamof thedam site. The planningnow involves the aetiveparticipation nf YRCC. and the leadersand a-enciesat the provincial, municipaland county levels.

-.19 'Severai surveys otf the pipuption. land anid structurestt he inundatedwere undertakenin 1959. 1970. 1980. 1982. 1985and 1989;and dhelatest revisins were carriedlout in September1991. Preliminaryresettlement plans were preparedin 1985and 1989:and the mtist recent resettlementplan foir September1991 was- submitted toi the StatePlannin- Commission(SPC) and the Ministrytf WaterRemsurces .MWR) tir- fI;rmal reviewand approval.

2.20 The 1991population survey estimates indicate that the total poppulatiorto heaffected hv the XP is 159.971.composed 9.799 at the damsite constructionarea and 150.172in the areatui he inundaLted(El. 275 m). Of this. 144.759people have an agriculturalregistration and 15.212have a nona"riculturalregictration. As the haceyear fuirtie populationsurvey is 1991.and resettlement is too he carriedout on a staggeredhasis. the numberof peopleto he relocatedtak-es account of population arowth trom.thehase year to) the yearof moving. The directly alected poupulation tu he movednumber 181.050.of which 163.762are agriculturaland 17288 nonagricultural.The farmlandto he inundated oir affectedwill he 366.0thousan mu: and thearea of housesand cavestoi he inunJatedwill be 4.862 million m:. 87 percentlicatedl in rurul villagesand 13percent in tswns.

2.21 As of January 1993. detailed resetlement plans below 180m and general plans l;r

- - ,*.dam s... site constructionarea are availabhle:and oitherspecial stulies are heing carriedout. The datz and descriptionbelow are hased ionthe mokstreeent work.

2.22 Since the majirity of the resettlersare registeredas aigricultural.nmost will be resettledin agriculLure.Because there is little suitableLanl that iLsnot alreadlJcultivated. -httst' areas will sharethe existingcultivated land with the newcomersor resettlers.As far as is potssible.resettlers will he resettledin their own county.except where their numberexceedis the c-apacityof a county tio acceptland-based agricultural resettlers.

2.23 The reservoirarea inundated is essentiallyrurAl and agricultural.and is composed of smallgroupings of rural residences.housing 100400 peoiple each. Severil *f theseresidential clusters ('natural villages') lie within the btoundariesof an administrativevillage. An administrativevillage is the smallestunit in the Chineseadministrative hierarchy of land use. The next level is the townshipor - 18-

.xiang.' which groupsti.gether severaladministrative villages. The 'xiang' is a loyrmalg.overnment administrativeunit.

2.24 Luis Relatinglip ReseItlemeni. Resetlementplanning has. observed all Chinese laws and regulatiotnsrelating to)inwoluntary resettlement. These are summarizedin T !e 2.2.

Tabl 2.2: CUMiE LAws AND luGAxo RnEa1tiG SO R20nmr

TABU me 3e uSIMs

de ed5os.nase, 4 2ee"u L. so, s.e i veeuSs-mm - - - hr Stm E." be Ima_u _ r Ind 'mL

, --._ usimastate _a. 9 foong SW , e-MMO _n _

2. Uc Lw3d M (Degree 119U4 ambleU 232 Iaud. gossom wil be s.aoI ksim 148 so aUm 3m. 13* gurU.~Swe M -mt~be main"m topuus -- -jplat M not be UubUu.uIin somplasm-, m-tm do .insom -_u . 2. amibmusa hnoeasslm 131311_ U B~~~~~~twsa_t UsSawremus. _annomo d.usaa ofl ,eyJ asmSlsm. baUMIg A.1. So?79 G Nay 1131 3.due)Mon J EseMyr tyr ewh 1s go son 1.3.a. 8.

-= u us_awwlw§_-ge.sm _ _*.a MM" ~ an~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~wshdla.s.*iS Si. .to2.1 32*W El I__ SWd sou ei ss. ema u-Be hrinse. gm

2. ,_bulgeSe aauje sea em ofeslum . Lulleen w qulJminfitlwasl sU A_ . 4. So" Dozn"_ ew en.. o ]OFwsh.2_ IL _ Iymll.e iim 4 &nneWipsree, gm elithg,3aJ12andrS

11151hds_tof uIs latiUt U UannmylMi.uin a. -7 X32 *.ugeU b;si * ai1 i _ * gatc

2.25i EhemyPrnipes asdonte rirplsinopoatdinCis. lws egltin 2.2 Eqit rnps. Bae _n th prnils incorprae in hiels. * _itin

andlother relevantrules, and knowledgOegained ul m resettlementexperience at compleiedlreservoirs . 19- elsewherein China. 17 resettlementcriteria were develiped by YRCC in conjunctionwith local governmentsfor the XiaolangdiProject:

(a) The populationsubject to resettlementshould nut only maintainits Lurrentstandard of living. but shouldalso directly sharein pmrje benefits.

(b) The resettlementtransition period should be minimized. and adequate support of hotha social and econon.icrnaure provideJ during the transitionperiod.

(c) Resettlementshould achieve completesocial and economicreestablishment of those dislocated,on a viable productive basis,through the creatiomn-of project-fundednew industries.service-sector and agricultural employment and activities.

(d) Insofaras changes in occupationare necessary. occupational replacement opportunities should properlyrewognize the social. communal, cultural. educational and vocational profile of those affected:and any suchchanges in economic Activity shouldhe introdueedon a voluntary basis.

(e) Resettleent of the agriculturalpopulation should be land-hasedwherever possible.

i (f) Land-sharingwith host villagesshould be basedon the principleof mutualacceptance. w1 shouldbe plannedso asto providehigher incomes (from all sources)for resettlersand hosts.

(g,)> Resettlementplans should have broad-based popular acceptance. and the affected population should be consulted.

(h) Relocationdistances should be minimal, and opportunities for resettlingpeople in groupsand > :; -0communities shouldbe provided.

(i) Houseplot anddwelling size allocation at newtown and village sites should ensure improved standardsand conditions.

-)0 Resettlementplans for towns. villagesand enterprises should minimize the lossof existing agriculturallands.

(k) Resettlementplims should have adequate institutionalarrangements to ensure effective and timely implemeniation,and adequate monitoring ind evaluation arrangementF

_ . -20 - (I) Financialresmurn:es u c.arry t'ut therelicati'n andresettlement development propsatls should he ava.ilablewhen and where reqtlired: 4tnd develiipitent plans should he preparedin concert w ith relicationi plans.

In) The impactuif resettlernenttin the naturaland socioeconu'michost environment should he mitialted andofltset.

inJ Only thoseenterprises that will he econoumicallyviahle shouldhe consideredlir relucatlisn. and colmpensationfi;r the assetsof nunviahleenterprises should he used it create new employmem orpptnunicies.

uo) Inundateditems of infrastructuresuch as roads.brid-es. etc. shouldhe replaced!. that the previouslevel nlf serviceis maintained*r improved.

(p) If sharingfarmiand do es nwt result in achievingtarget inotmes. snime nf the labiurfIirce mav he 'lYerednonagricultural emplowyment ilurtnunitlies.

(q) Amongthe rlocates from the inundatedarea. family membersnlf the stal'ftf the Stalewill hedirected inmt non-agricultural s%evtrs tin a voluntarvhasis. The units or localguvernments shall he resp.insiblefo;r the empplyvmentarrangement.

2.26 Planning CriteLia. Resettlementplannin- and rehabilitation(tor the Xianl;an.di Proi-Ic (tfcuses hn the sitinn and constructionuf new residential clusters within existing hast administrativevillages. The newsites include NOth housing and adjacent agriculturalland.

2.27 (a) BaEicAg ricullural Pridutticon Scenario. There are two hasic prodluction modelsproposed fur agriculturalresettlemem: dnland (i.e.. rainfed) farmingscen:rio. and partially irrigale.dfatrming scenariu. The minimumper-capita requirement ftr householdconsumption is 225 k- grain per vear. and theseare maintainedin lbth scenarios.The gtial ftr bIohresettlers 'ind hosststo be selt-sutticientin grains is thus achieved.sti thatthey may go 4ont o grow multiplecash crops *r set up othersmall-scale husiness activities.

2.28 The amountu f land requisitionedfor agricultural resettlersdiffers accordingto conditionsin eachhost village. For example.to allowfitr populationincrease before resettlement takes place.a minimumarea t'f 1.0 mulresettleris recommendedflir rainfed agriculturAlsituations where small husinessactivities (referre w as "sideline"income) can supplementland-based farm income. Where sidelineincome possibilities are limited. moreland is requiredto providethe necsmsary per capitaincoime. For irrigated areas.0.5 mulresettleris the minimumprnvided. -21-

:2.29 'The hasicobjective of agriculturalresettlement planning is to increaseper capita incomeof both the resettlerand host communitiesby 5-10percent. in real terms. comparedwith that hetire resettlement.Considerahle amnounts of moneyand land must he prtwided.and diversificatimn developed.so that the previousindividual income levels are maintainedand increased.

2.30 The overallagricultural planning for the reservoirarea shows that the requisitiined cultivatedland toitals183.281 mu: the agriculturalpeople to he resettledtotal 153.906;the agricultural jolestotal 63.601: andthe c.>.npensationMur agricultural livelihixwos is estimatedto he Y 670.0 million. On average.tile cultivatefdland -allocation will he 1.2 muper resettlersand Y 10.534per agriculturaljoh.

respectively.

2.31 (bI Noinagricullural ProductionPlaining. With the large numberof resenlers createdby the XP. it is not possibleftor all agriculturalresettlers toi continuetheir livelihoiodsin' agriculture. Towprovide enough jobs fi;r resettlersand increase their inctme.%.8.973 reseulers will woirk in eightenterprises. Their planned investment ittals Y 107.0million. representingY 12.224per worker. One in 15 reseatlerswill thushe engagedin nonagriculturalenterprises.

2.32 In addition. the agriculturalstatus of 17.210 hamily membersof government employeesrelocated will he transferredto the nonagriculturalstatus. These,family memberswill he employedby the Sotvernmentunit wheretheir family memberwvorks, by the local labor department.n r by privatebusinesses. Investment ftor this will total Y 72.74million. A funhertwo in 15resetlers will thus be engagedin nonagriculturalenterprises. resulting in one memberof every agriculturalfamily resettledheing engaged in nonagriculturalincome.

.;; 2.33 . @) Residential Planning rar Villages. Currently. the rurAl village housingai*:upies ;X! 14.912mu. or 0.12 mu per capita. The residencesand cave dwellings have adequate tlxor space.of 26.7 m: per capita.but the constructionquality is older and the sanitaryconditions are pooir. Caves acxtunt for ahout30 percentof the floxr spaceof residences.

2.34 The newresidential areas f r resetlerswere selectedjointly hv the Reconnaissance Planningand DesignInstitute of YRCC. andthe counties.xi:--s and affectedvillages. A total of 276 hostsites were selected.A total oif 53.787people from 12.205families will he moveddownstream to 68 host siteson the Wenmengtanplain and-further downstream: 55.386 people will moveto newxiangs within the same ouLntyat 117host sites:and -29,886 people will mxve-back awayfrom the reservoir perimeterwithin the same xiang to 91 host sites. Most of the selectedareas are locatedalong the houndiriesbetween two or moreadministrative villages. so that theland-sharing ratio betweenresetters andhosts is minimized.The newsites will prxovidesuitable agricultural land and adequate drinking water fotrboth people and livestock.rnad access. power and communications. and stable geological cindlitions. -22 -

2.35 Basednn presentwater ctnsumptiontir humanand live,ctockuse. the water use standardwill be60 liters per day. Watersupply sources will include-roundwater andsurface water from small reservoirs.

2.36 (d) Planning r4ir Towns. The largestalieLted population centers are referredto as lowns.which serveas government senrice centers ftor xiangsand largeadministrative villages. Most of the II towns inundatedare situatedin vallevsor plainswhere the naturalsoil conditionsare favorable li;r agriculture.and wheretransport facilities are available. Theyfurm the administrative,economic and cultural centersin the local regions. and play an important role in the local economy.

2.37 Of the II towns. 10 towns have averagepopulations of 1.000-2,000people and I ttowncontains apprniximately 5.000 peopile. The tatal ttownpopulation inundated is 24,865peoiple; and include 17.413havin- an agriculturalstatus and 7.452 having a nonagriculturalstatus.

2.38 One tovwnwill ceasetoV exist and i;s populationwill be dispersedamong the other Itns.nc A seoind town will becoimea xiangseat. The remainingnine towns will be relocatedbut will retain their presentadministrative function. r 2.39 The averagehasic town populationsize will remainthe same,and the flooir spaceper capitafor buildings at the new site will he the sameas that of the old site. Infrastructurewill he somewh. improvedfor suchitemLs as streets.power supply.water supply andsewers. etc.

2.40 (e) Infruriructure Planning. Infr4tstructure inundatedby the reservoir includes roaads.transmission lines, communicationline,-. bradcasting facilities. factories. mines. No. 4 Prisonof HenanProvince, water supply woirks,hydrology stations and other special itemns.

2.41 Factoriesand mines and specialfacilities will he compensatedand rebuilt according to their oriinal standards.Amkng the 93 fa.toriesand mines inundated(1991). 65 will tranrsferto other products.26 will he rebuilt in newvplaces. and 2 will ceaselto exist.

2.42 The arterial highwavswill be rebuilt to the samegrade&with the samequality of mateials as before. New residentialareas will bI>srviced with simple roads. Wharvesand ferries aroundthe reservoirwill he rebuilt, enlargedor renowv-' as eachlocation warrantS. Every village will be servicedby electricaldistribution lines. Telephonelines and broadcasting facilities will be guaranteed to everyvillage. Water supplyand drainage facilities will be providedfior everyvillage.

2.43 (f) Dam Site Construction Zone Resettlemen. 'The land to be requisitionedfor the dam site constructionarea includes land occupiedby the main works of the dam Project.borrow -23- areas,disposal areas, wirk areas.and campareas tbr housingconstruction personnel. Investigations carriedout in 1990show that the constructionsites cover a totalarea of 33,500mu, of which 20,083mu is farmland. A total populationof 9.769 peoplewill be affectedas a result of the constructionof the Project.

2.44 The resettlementplanning shows that7.330 of the total 9.769 resettlers(1991) from the dam site constructionzone will remain in agriculture(75 percent)and 3.146 peoplewill gio to nonagriculturalct.il;lovmenw (25 percent). Roughlyone of everytwo labourecswill earna nonag-ricultural incume.

2.45 (g) ResettlementSchedule and Cost Estimate. Constructionzone resettlementis beingcarriedt out during 1992-1994. Resettlem#t wile carriedout during project construction in three stages.Resettlement will precedeinundation. and is scheduledto proceedpro"ressively as impoundment causesthe reservoirlevel to rise. The first resettlementstage is in Ehezone below El. 180m. fnrm 1994 to 1997:the secondfnrm El. 18,0to 265 m. from 1998to 2001:and the final from El. 265 to 275 m. fronm2001 to 2012(Table 2.3).

2.46 The total costof implementingthe resettlementprogram will he Y 2.150billion. and has beenapproved by MWR. The costfor rural resettlementis Y L.A05 billion (61 percentof the total) 29rY 5.060 per.eita on the avecoje Theust for newkhousing is Y 505.9 million, an.average of Y 2.956 per capitagable 2.3).

Table 2.3: Irali.IENIF.Tio.ntN Scnutui tFoR RFsrnnxtS FRtoNmCO)N.Snwrtuc NNARFA

Ycar Zf I . Total 1992 1993 1994 1995

1. Numnhbrofrlctsi.s muvin;yrar tpcnan 9.932 6.462 928 2.541

2- Total cna for rcxaclancnml10r tun) 145.7I 94.31 13.64 37.30

* - GC' fCr rural reculcemntI 10t ina - 115.47 74.82 10.9 29.73. - Rclution and rcuma.trua.'n.. ( - inututins Outsidernnshhips WIr Vuaus 2.52 2.52S - PlanningLf specialitems r yuani 2717 17.5 2.7 7.52

3. Supply of sed. timher andcemean fur relocacs - Tinher (m.) 5.1S3 320. 637 1.255 - Sod (Wo) 724 463 79 171 - Conmtn(ion) 8.042 5.070 933 2.0Q15

. - .. .. -- -24 -

2.47 The aboveentis dinnot includethe Y 600 million necessaryl;r the constructionoif the Houhe Dam. the Wenmengtanlln%Jdplain river training works and investmentsin new facecries. Thesepnrjects are integraland essential co-mponents fr resettlingapproximately 65.0DO pceople.

2.48 Alsoexcluded frotm the awoveco*st are Y 12.6 million neessarylir reoettlement ac:ivitiesat the dam siteconstruction zone.

2.49 (h) Implementalionor Rsehttlment. Tbe resettlementbureaus at the pnrvincial level in Shanxiand HenanProvinces are responsiblefir the implementatitnand managementof all resettlementactivitv. Resettlementtffices have beenestablished in the alftietd countiesand cunty-level :S '-< cities: andwill he strengthenedwith additionalstafY. Funds fo r resettlementwill he distributedtoi the two . k a PnroincialResetlement Bureaus direttly tPRJs) o*the Pe"ple&sConstruction Bank if China.and then fron the province tot the htwalguvernmedit depanments of' the hslt countiesand liangs. All the resettlementactivities will be monitoiredbv the Yelloiw River Water Resourcesand Hvdroselectric DevelopmentCrptiration (YRWHDCI and the EnvironmentalManagement Ofrice (E10).

2.50 Tables2.4 and 2.5 shouwsuchedules ftr resetlementfrom the cot.:-iructionand reservoirareas.

Table 2.4: Rrrmmn.nN-r IattX;RKASI FtoR RosEmnins nitos CoMNnwtVnoN ARim

L.wcanm 1t.ol Mcn- e.wrs. JiausnC-

Lvu 1sha.' Lab..rer hli-mn Luwer lass blwbcr

Tf' 3 g7lA 414 Z.S% ', Jill UhI*

N.,tarm Re.,nlorn>s Sul*ual 2.J3w '." 3361.b I.l6 1.074 IP C%'suc-1'nna 2434 1315 1ItS IIl' I1lv FamniUsskauthan 7'3 341 JIl 'I1tl .11 131l

CSCWlIflSm! LW~~i.33 1337 76aL. 7":1 577 S77 .JSImewu 140 )140 so PA) tat ES)

S_la" 7330 2.414 3KR3 1.4-3b 3.437 Il*u)3 Wihi vlw 6.146 3.9w 2.73Y 935 3.407 I.02M3 Win uiang 1.011 . 418 "l 413 3U 5 Witiix G*w-173 71 173 71 - -

2.51 Summary Tabulation or RS Plun. A summarytabulation oif the inftrmaiton incl-udedin thedetailed RS plan (VoilumeIX. rPnrjectBrief. Resettlement').prqeared fAir use in the EIA. is includedhere as AnnexB. This includessections on the following: 25-

Table 2.S: Implinmnl.ain Shedule for Rmtdes from Reservoir Progam

. .~~3 Phb.I 2.I 1.

l .J *- _ _ Th_r

Tod ., . 1.^17:71.118 #a.= umXp1 - 1 U S

TO "a 4.V93 SM11 1.N4 I 333 3.5 2.16_ Yew is" J-111 9,711 4."* I= \ TMA35'~U .3 4.919 Sm= 73.14 47.12 332 12.I 2.3 Y_W low 4.1M 4,111 1ft71 .12-: 47C 2 " - Ym Is" W24 . Z. _. =1as11m Am 4 ja 'ir ,m, SI %.8l '.W 21.411 29.32 749A 31.5 531 3.11 1 .. >- 1* Y_' ed. X .70 Md& . 4A 4 L. a.- 70Au Itlt Tdom .KI9e 2r.7I3 216431 3.33 dIEM =11.251 31.1%191 14.617 To 3,D.l7 I .. IL= .uJdl 316.12 BA, S.??) 4.l3 -~~~T '11 Y_2 8.62 6.31 _n3 31.12 UJ 1.71 t7 4.1

(a) Xiaolangdi Reservoir Impacts (b) XiaolangdiConsruction Zone Impacts (c) GeojgraphicPopulation Impacts (d) DirecdyAffected Population (e) ResettlementSchedule (f) Strategiesfor ReestablishingLivelihoods (g) ProposedResettler Occipaions .. (h) Jobs/LiveihooS.- *(i) Key Agricltural Relocationby Destina;ion Oj) AlternativeJob Strategies (k) TypicalRural Resetder Households =( Lanwd-SharingArrmngements (m) Agreements (n) Host Impacs (o) CGmpensationto Households (p) Reservoir Resettement Cost Estimates (q) ResettlementFinancing (r) NextSteps for Resettlement (s) Statusof ResetlemnentImplementation

252 llhistrativeMaps. The Xiaolangdiresettement task includedthe preparationof a series of some63 maps("Volume Xiii, Maps, Resetdement)illustrating various aspects of the RS plan. The entireseries is listedin Table2.6.

2-53 Of the series, the following have been included here for purposes of environmental

* .- review: 2-6-

Table 2.6: MMASILLUSTRATING RS PIANNINING

A. Categ Map-Natural Gegrapbj Description and Resetlement Plan of Xiaobngdi Rsrvoi Arm

V Al Xiolangdi ProjectLocation Map 2 A2 ReseutleentPopulation of Exiatingand proposed Projects on Yellow River Main Stream(1:5300.000) 3 A3 TopographicMap in XiaolangdiRcsrvoir andSurrounding Area (1:200,000) 4 A4-1 XiaolangdiReroir RccsttlementHost Sitc (1:400.000) 5 A4-2 XiaolangdiReservoir Rcesttklcmt HostSite (1:400.0003 6 A4-3 XiaolangdiReosrvoir Retilemcnt Host Sitc (1:40.000) 7 AS Land Usc in Xiaokngdi Recervoirand Surrounding Ares (1:500.000) 3 AG Hydrogoiogy in XiaobngdiResrvoir andSurromuning Area (1:200.0003

9 A7-1 Soil Mapin XiaolangdiReservoir and SurroundingAmr (1:400.000) rr ** - 10 A7-2 Soit Map in XiaohngdiRcesrvoir and Surrouding Area (1:400.000) 11 A7-3 Soil Map in XiaohngdiReservoir and SunoundingAmrc (1:400.000) 12 AS PlanLayout of XiaolangdiProjet Cp(nmructio'~(1:31.600)

1. Categry Map-The Layout Mapor Componentsto be Inundated and Resettlment lau orfXinobmgdi Reservoir

1 3 The Indexof B CatecgryMap and Legend 2 B3 Main Componentsto be Inundatedand Resettlement Plan Layout in Xiaxian. PingluCounties (1:30.000) 3 B' Main Componentsto be Inundatedand Rcacuttkn Pln Layoutin Pinglu.Shalxian Countics(1:30.000) 4 B3 Main Componentsto be Inundatednd Restlemen PlanLayout in ShanxuinCounty (1:30.0001 5 B4 Main Componentsto be Inundatedand Remen t PlanLayout in YuanquCounty (1:90.000) 6 BS Main Componen to be Inundatedand Rsettlem PlanLayout in YuanquCountry (1:30.000) 7 B6 Main Componentsto bc Inundatedand ResettlementPlan Layout.in MianchiCounty (1:30.000) a B7 Main CompoLntsto be Inundatedand Relement Phn Layoutin MianchiCounty (1:30.000) 9 BS Main Componentsto bc Inundatedand Resettlemen Pan Layoutin MianchiCounty (1:80.000) 10 39 Main Componcntkto be Inundatedand Resdtlcmet Pln Layoutin JiyuanCity I 1:0.000) 11 B10 Main Componentsto be Inundatedand Rsettemont Pbn Layoutin JiyuanCity 1: 30.000) 12 BII Main Componentsto be Inundatedand Reselement Pln Layoutin JiyuanCity. Xinan County(1:80.000) 13 B12 Main Componentto be Inundatedand ResettlementPbn Layoutin XinanCounty (1:30.000) 14 B13 Main Componentsto be Inundatedand ResettlementPban Layout in Xinan County(1:80.000) 15 B14 Main Comonentsto be Inundatedand RcsetklmentPlan Layout in JiyuanCity (1:30.000) 16 BIS Main Componen to be InundlsedandRese nt Pan Layoutin JiyuanCity (1180.000) 17 B16 Main Compbnentsto be Inundatedan ResettlmcntPbn Layoutin MiengiinCounty (1 30.000) I8 B17 Layoutof RcsetlementPbn in WeamennanFloodplain (1:80.000) 19 B18 Layoutof ResettlcmentPln in Wenmen an Floodplain(1:30.000) 20 B19 Lavoutof RcsctlmcmentPlan in WenmengtanFloodplain (1:30.000) 21 B30 Layoutof ReactiementPlan in Wvmcnmtan FloodplAin (1:80.000) 2 321 LaByoutof ResettlememPbn in YtannyangCounty (1:30.000)' 23 B22 Layoutof ReseititeentPlan in ZhngmnouCoany (1:30.000) 24 B23 Layoutof Resetent Planin ICaifengCounty (1:30.000)

... CGmr F r . -fl-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~27- Tlable 2.6: (continued) I. C. Ctqgwy Map-The Lay.ut Mnp or ResettlementNe Viage Model Plan!o Xilaongdi Rerenir

I Cl The Typical PlanningArrmangem of New Sitc for7Orsinal ShimcnVilage or Man Xiang. Mengin County (ConstructionArea) (1:10.000) 2 C2 The Typical PhoningArongemntn of NcwSite for OriginalSiyuanpo Vilage or Matn Xiang. Mengjin Conay (Consrution Ara) (1:15.000) 3 C3 Th Typvial Plnning Arrangementof New Site hr Originl QingheVillagc of SonpzhnangXiang. McngiinCw-may (Constructirn Arma) (1:10.000O C. TLTypicl. A!'-r.ning Amangementof New Snieror Original HuiehanVillage of SongzhunngXiang. Mecjrin Cr.!} (ConstructionAreial 1:10.000) **S C5 The Typical PlanningAringcnu tO New Sitc for Ori.inal HeqingVilbgc or WangliangXiang. Mcngjin ConAy(Construntion ra) 11:10.000) 6 C6 The Typical PlanningArmngrment or New Site for Original Liuzuhng. Gunmgthuang.Heguanpo Village OrfMatan Xiang. Mngjin Commy(Construction Ama) 11I 1.000) 3 C0 The Typical PlanningArranpment of New Site for Orginal Tongshuling.Lijowu Villige of PonuoXiang. JiyvmnCit (ConstructionAm) I 1:10.000) 9 C9 The Typical PhaningArrangenent of New Site for Original Tishan. Shuangiang.Liandi Vil&ge of Potou Xiang.Jiyuan City (ConstructionArea) l1:16.0003 10 ClO The Typical PhnningArangceent of New Site for Original M6lai. LiLulzhAamsVillage of PotuuXiang. JivuanCity and MadongVillge of Jili District LuoyangCiRy (Construction Area; (1:l13.0001 II ClI TheTypical PonningArrangement of New Site for Origial XiritJuli Villageor PingleXiang. Mearjin County 1:10.900) 12 C12 TwhTvpical PlanningArangement of Ncrr Site hr Original DongzhouliVilage of PingleXiang. Mengiin Cny (1: 10.000) 13 C13 The Typical PlanningArrangment of Now Site for Original LaofenggouVillage of DavuXiang. Jiyuan City (1:10.000) 14 C14 The Typical Phoninl;Arrangement or Ncw Sie for Original WanagsugouWBEitong: Shangyc Villagc of Xiayc Xiang. JivuanCity 11:12.0001 IS CI5 The Typical PblnningArrangem of New Sitc hr Original SunduVillage of ZhengcunXiang. Xinan County(1:10.000) - 16 C16 The Typical Planing Arrangemenof New Site for Original1Ccchang Village of TiemenXiang. Xinan County(1:10.000) ;-.¢ 2- D. Cater Map-The Layout Iap of New Site Plan for Township (or ow) to he Inundaled by Xioabnagdi -- 6 ~Reirvd New SiR Designand Residencemodd of rmnolang1iPi1t VillaW

I D I PlanLayou for New Host Siteof MeiyaoTownship. Mcngin County(1:22.000) 2 D2 Pln Layout hor New Host Siteof XiwaoTownship. Xinan County (1:2.000) 3 D3 PlanLAyout fihr New HosaSite of ShijingTownship. Xinan CoumyH1:2.500) 4 D4 PlanLayout for New Host Sileof CanprouTownship. Xinan County (1:2.500) S D5 PlanLayout hor New HostSit of Yuli Township.Xinan County (1:1.300j 6 D6 PlanLayout horNcw HostSite of B1iyeTownship. Xinan Counly( 1:2.0001 7 D7 PlanLayout fir New Host Sitl of NaneunTownship. Mianhi County(1:2.000) 3 DS PlanLayout for New HostSie of GuchengTown. YnanquCounty (1:3.000) 9 D9 Phn Layout forNew HostSite or AnwoTownhip. YuanquCnunly l: 1.000) 10 DIO ..New Village Site Planningfor XiaolangdiVillage 11:160) 11 DI I New Village Site Designand Residnce Model Drawinp frorXiauhngli Trial Village (1:160) 12 DI2 New Villge Site Designand ResidenceMoldel Drawings for XiaobngdiTrial Village (1:160) 13 D13 New Village Site Designand RcsidenteModel Drawing ror Xiaobngdi Trial Village 1:160) - 28 -

(a) Map 17. 'Main InundatedCGmpo nents of RSPlan of Xiaolangdi.Index Map."

(b) Map 18. "Main Compxnentsto he Inundatedand ResettlementPlan Layout in Yuanqu County.' selectedto illustratetypical RS plan utilizing host villages.

(c) Map 19. "Layout of Resettlement Plan in WenmengtanFloodplain.' selected to illustrate RS planning in new reclaimed lands along the river.

(d) Map 20, 'Typical PlanningArrangement of NewSite for Original Shimen Villageof Matun

Xiang. MengDinCouny.' selectedto illustrateplannng for new RSvilla4:e site. *.

(e) Map 21. 'Plan Layout for New Host Siteof MeiyaoTownship. Mengjin County." selected to illustrate newhost site. -

(f) Map 22. 'New Village Site Planningfor Xiaolangdi Vi1la"'jt"

(g) Map 23. 'New Village Site Design and Residence Model Drawings for Xiaolangdi Trial Village.' selected to illustrate rroposedmKoel housing.

'Archeological Relics Presmration

2.54 Xiaolangdi Reservoir will inundate part otfthe "eradle of the eivilizationof Han and ither Chinese peoples.' an area known to contain a great number of precious archeilogical relics. Henmcea special focus has heenincluded in the Xialangdi Pnrject for locating. evaluating. removing. and preserving these relics as appropriate. - -

2.55 Tahle 2.7 and Figures 2.3 and 2.4 have hi e_nprepaIre.!o L,ue t e!s:atm.tis .f the reli,a preservatin programsufficient foir EIA teviewpurposes.

Communicable DisamseContcrl

2.56 Changesin dhehydnrologic regime resulting from the XP will subjectpeople living in the resenrvirarea andhor the downstream irrigatimn zones to hazardsof certaincommunicable diseaSes which would not occurotherwise. Thesediseases include malaria. hemnoribagic fever. entericdiseases. and encephalitis. The Projecttheretire includesa specialcompionent to mounitortie extentof these diseas and relatedparameters in the affected areas,and to uArryout control measures as neededto preventtheir increase. -29 - 2.57 The essentialsof the XP cLmmunicable disease aintol progn re given in Table 2.8-2.10 and in Maps4.1 and4.2.

Figure 2.4: PIAN FORSALVAGING CULTuRAL REJlCS

Affected area

-.M. El. 275

El. 265

ZE. 180- 1991 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 Underground relics Ground relics CA ;Construction area

Table2.8: COMMUNiCAJLEDISEASE HAtARDS AmnUD By XP

Im_ . _b _ bX_ ; dl

"Wdubi gpmom * gi Ipk I g hmma o&in

nm i__P___ - -__ -_

S='ol =~pb ad uS mi_ _ woivi pFmfl b~kmuwmi-- f- at W mm doMh Ne pddm W

gunkbom adu I.W. &kg WAFd-I.:e- SEW__omw - fw M II. pup -- _ d pnm__ ___ * ~~..- t '. .f,. - - -- _§s - PR"_S__-r_ Wi wN~ bh. SnI*__p ad i-mm w-- __1__ ugu if us-

_ - d is -t b u - - - I~~~~~~m. - si of- bs

Sm h______U N.__ ~~u4, S~h~km f im ( bN -m~

* - .W Proed~01POMi O -. .Adnin Envir-onment

. . e Project Gnmpoaausroe Enann Ernrnimat

- :*.. :. ~~~~~~~'X *itl U" NV inP,I[u --;

- -- - - 9 - ww *

_ .. -= . . nI 'W sA"a, ~"1 101 o"MiA Se * "11 "I .

°~~~~~~~~~~~______I£041p411I - laI 0tI " ______spv ______-r -q

u|jl=i13 ' ' '1"*t4-4Uh 16,1 '

WASH1flun1fn3 NUINUAI Jol Muld :L'Z SIqUL .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I I. . 4.. .,t. ,b. : ::e . .

I......

Flgure2.3: ORGANIZATIONFOR CULTURAL RELICS PRK 1 RAMI

.. -..

* | 9e~~~~~~~~~~~~SateCouncil

I.. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I -a**N&Ln ~~ ~ PovnL

. I t' , . .,... t~~~~ ; r1ioaGovernmen t al Cutua Reis1 ;I: I :% . . [ . , I. .I

I ' x, ' ' ; ~~~~~~~~------_ ~~~~~~~~~YRWHDC Henan CulturalRelics Bureau ShanxiCultural RelLc. Bureau L

XOCultural Relics Team XiaalangdiCultural Rellcs Team

.. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. . .

Notes -- administrative relations * ------technical asoLstance - 32-

Table 2.9: MEASukeSTo CoNtcoI. MALARIA AN) ENLErIuAI.U11S

It em Ctntent

Anopheleshyrcanus sinensis is vector of malariaand wulex 1. Ir,Tecinusfoci & tritaeniorhychusis the vector of Encephalitis.InfeLtious fici t: nsmissionvectors of ihese two diseasesare patients and subclinicalcarriers. 2. Jr pactedareas (I) Host areas: (2) Constructionsite. (3) Irrigationarema. 3. C:-niol target (I) No incidenceof diseasesin the impactedarea: (2) Mosquitodensity shall be kept below the existing24.7 pc/htour. 4. Ci ountermeasures (al) Monitoringpublic health. Patientsshall be treatedin time 4.1 FPeventivemeasures whenthey are found. Constructionworkers shall receive (a" Monitoring& physicalexamination once a year andthe numbersof managenentof peoplesampled will he basedon situationof the susceptible infectiousfoci & communityin host & irrigatedareas. vectors (a2) Monitoringmosquito larvae. Measuresto be takento) kill (h. To cut off mosquitos(see Table 5.4.2.8 for detail); infectious-channel *(b) Buildingsshall be furnishedwith mosquitonets & screen *c: To protect window. repellentsshall be used: susceptible (c) Susceptiblecommunities shall be distributedwith vaccines community againstEncephalitis B & malaria. 4.2 Ti earnent Expeditioustreatment shall be given to patients. 5..Iraplementor Local antiepidemicstations are responsiblefor host& irrigated area:the XLD ReservoirStation is responsiblefor the cotnstructioinarea. 6. Srpeivisor EMO 7. Cost 1.501x 10' Yuan S. Duration 1993-2010

2.58 Further studiesare plannedtO assess (a) eflocts of the Projecton groundwater balance.including effects of increasedirrigation: and (b) optimizationof navigationand Shipping in the reservoir. in addition,tWo iomj i.cr..s I- i ' * e ;d. including(i) extensivedevelopment of downstreamaquaculture, and (ii) developmentof tourism andrecreation in the reservoirvicinity. Both componentswill requirefeasibility study and. if the resultsare promising,the investmentcosts for thesewill be includedin theprojectloan.

Environmental ManaganeaktPlan

2.59 A detailedenvironmental management plan (EMP) has beenprepared to guide, coordinate,and monitor the implememtationof environmentalprotection so as to reduce - 33 -

Table2.10: hlEAsutuEsTt CTorrroi. tUrIea xtewMc FEVER

Item Content

1. Infectious foci & Vector: omihthnyssusbacati. focus: rattusnorvegicus . ' ~~~~vectors , ! '. 2. Impactedregion 2-5 km surrmundin:the reservoiir

*3. Controltarget tI.) No incidenceetC diseate in the impactedJarea. .;:;,,1..s (2) Rat denimiv'hall be no merethan the existing24 ratsJID traps. 4. Control Measures (1) Healthmonittiring & physical examsshall bedmmne. patients 4.1 Preventivemeasures fuind will betreated at obnce:physical exams will be done (a) Monitoring& on constructionworkers once a year. otherplaces will he mangememntof - basedon'the actual situation: infectiousthci & (2) Mo;nitoringrat densityuntil the densityis below 24 veCtors ratsIl0 traps.mntsures shall be takento kill rats& mice: (b) Cut off infectiows (3) TI distributevaccines channels (4) Patientisshouldbe expeditiously treated. (c) Protectdih . . - susceptible acmmunities' 4.2 Medicaltriatment 5. Implementor Them XLD ReservoirAntiepidemic Station & local amiepidemic - . . ~~saions.: .-- ' ''- 6. Supervisor . . EMO 7. GCst 1.573x 10' Yuan S. Duration 1993-2010

.... p.. .C *

potentiallysigniticam adverse impacts to :aceptablelevels and to developopportunities fir creatingor enhancingpositive impacts. The plan is presentedin Chapter5 of the EIA Report. - he environmentalmanagement plan indudes specificationsfir mitigation. ofsetting. and enhancementmeasures as well as assessment,monitoring and reporting to determineand communicate'the effectiveness'of thesemeisures, ad o 'adjustthem as may be necesaryto otTimizetheir effectiveness.:The EMP includesinstitutional and administrativeirrangenents to ensure the implementationof the environmentalprogram. This includesinstitutional organizationand mandates, tenns of referaec contract standardsof acetability. manpower. staffing,training.costig. schedulingof itivities anddisbreiiements. and securing of financing.

... ~~ ~ ~ ~ .;. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .

* -. ...- - 34 -

3 ENVIRONMENTALSTUDY AREA

A. OVERALL ENVIRoNmNTAL STUDY AREA

.3.1 The overall EnvirunmentalStudy Area (ESA) subject to significant impacts frnm the XiaolangdiProject is shownin Map 2. It extendsfor approximately1.000 km along the Yellow River, from the SanmenxiaDam t) the estuaryand delta at BohaiBay. This overall areais divided into three areasfor EIA studypurposes: (i) the reser0oirarea and surrounding region above the XiaolangdiDam up to.SanmenxiaDarr.. 1ii)the lbwer river reaches.and (iii) the estuaryand delta regions.

1B. REIERVOIR AND SURROUNDINGARtEA

3.2 The reservoirand surroundingarea ex.ends along 130km of the River valley andadjacent hills'and mountains,from the SanmenxiaDam tO theXiaolangdi dam site (Map 2. 1). The main stream OTfthe River through this stretch follows a narrow. deeply incised valley, with little floodplain development.Some floodplainc are locatedat the mouthsof severalof the II tributariesthat enterthis sectionof the river. The main streamcurrent isast. and silt content is high. Hydrogeologyof the reservoirvicinity is shownin Map 3.

3.3 The climate in this regionis that of a warmtemperate zone and continentallocation. with cold and dry winters andwarm andwet summers.Avenge annual temperature is 10-15C. depending ot the lcal geography. More than half of the 600mm annualprecipitation falls in mid- and late -summer, andsevere storms are common.The highestrecorded rainfall was 600 mm on July 16. 1958. Floodingfrom run'L in the rainy season.is a majorconcern. lTe measuredannual evaporation rate is twice the averageannual rainfall. so thatthe area is alsovery susceptibleto droughts. In onereservoir area JiyuanCity. therehave been droughts in 21 yearsover a recert22-year period-

3.* Air quality in the reservoirand surrounding area is oDmmonlywithin theapplicable Chinese standardi. Suspendedparticulates can be somewhathigh due largely to dust blown in from the Loess Plateau,and to dustgeneratedlocalli from agriculturaloperations. This is particularlyevident in the drn season. - 35 -

3.5 Given the importanceof flow dynamicsin the Yellow River toDe economyand hun securityin the lower Yellow River basin,extensive monitoring and analysisof surfacewater hydrology in the main streamand tributaries has been conducted, resulting in observedand synthetic data covering a completetime series for over 70 years. With a total catchment of over 750,000 kinW,the Yellow River dischargeis approximately43.2 billion m', with 1.6 billion tons of silt in an averageyear (1919-60 series).Over 60 percentof runoffand 80 percentof sedimentoccur in therainy season (Table 3.1). lile runoff entering into the lower reachesis 45.59 billion ml/yearand silt is 1.5 billion tons/year. lhe

- - runoff and siMl at Lijin hydrology station are 38.78 billion m'/year and 0.987 billion tons/year, respectively.

Table3.: ANNUALRUNOFF AND SIuADmr L Dw eTiYELA)w RIVEK

Runoff f L ' Sediment load AIo tons) Flood Nonflood All Flood Nonflood All Station season season year season season year

Xiaolangdi 229.9 172.6 402. 5 11.07 1.62 12.69 Ruayuankou 259.8 184.8 444.6 9.68 1.86 11.54 Lijin 242.4 149.9 392.3 8.39 1.49 9.88

3.6 The catchment of the: River above the upstream end of the proposed reservoir is approximately688,000 km'-,-orf.5 Ip.rcet of the totalYdlow Riverwatershed. At this point,the River still has over 1.O000ki6touavelto the sea: The River and tributariesin the reservoirarea contribute some 5,800m' of catchmentwith a mean annual rumff of 0.56 billion m'. The ratio of peak to minimumriver flow over the year is approximatey3.2. Extendedperiods have occurred when die annualriver flow has beenapproximately 20-25 percemhigher or lowerthan the norm.

3.7 Floodingis relatedprimarily to rainstorms.Detailed flood dataare available. Sediment Icad is highestin flood seasonand has beenincreasing. with averagehighs of 45 kgIn'. The maximum sedimentcontent recorded was -941 kg/rn' (flood peak amount9,870 mls, at XiaolangdiHydrology Station,on Augtust7, 1977). Tbe dynamicsof erosionand sedimentationin the entire Yellow River watrshd have beenstudied carefully. and are sumnarizedin Section3.2.4 of the main EA.rporL

3.8 The reservoirand its surroundingarea arebounded by mountaius regionsto the north,west and So, whichchange gradually to bills to die broadfloodplain of the lowerYellow River to the esst . he east-westaxis of the Kuaqgkou anticline passes through the dam site. Tne nothen dam abutment and hydralic structureswill be locatedon the northernflank of the antidine,while the southernabutment will be on the anticlines south flank. - . - ; ; ...... e~~ -36- 3.9 In the Cenozoicera a numberof major and minor faults owcurredin the project area. Seismiczones have been identified for thearea and earthquakes of magnitude5 (in the Richterscale have occurredin the reservoir area. The damsite area has a seismicintensity level of class7. anda maximum horizontalacceleration of 0.215g.

3.10 Lessthan 5 percentof the reservoirand surrounding area is relatively flat. andonly 14 percenthas a gradientbetween 3 and 15. Almost half of the areahas a gradientover 25' (Table 3.2).

Table 3.2: GFM)WRtrPiKNGICAx. FEATURES AND L[AN GRADIE}NT IN TnERSFRVOIR RFAION ANDITS PERHIIEtRALZOlNE

Land Area Ratio-to gradient (ocm) total area 1%) Geomorphological features

<3- 222 3.8 Ailuvial plains along rivers, basins between mountaLns and residual loose plateau

3-15- 809 - 14.1 Hill region. , , I5-2S 2,077 36.1 Hill region and low mountain region '-*2S 2,648 46.8 Middle mountain region

3.11 Study of surfacegeology has enabled potential hank collapse and landslide areas to be identified. The mostseriosn of theseare lucatedbetween Hedi WndLingshang villages near the Banjianriver (Map 15). Loes witha relativelyhigh day contentmakes up the majority of the soils found below 1.OOm elevation.These very importaniagricultural soils are commonlyslightly alkaline with only 0.5-1 percentorganic matter.

3.12 The shallowand artesian groundwater in thereservoir area and surrounding area is rechargedby rainfall. and is genallv suitablefew drinking. The grundwater resourcesare illustrated on Map 3.

3.13 Surfacemineral water quality of theYellow Riverandjznbutaries is generalyvery good, eventhough it hasan exceptionallyhigh silt load, andit generallymeets the first gradeof Chinaes water usestandard at mastlocations in the area. Localpollution is mainlyfrom miningenteprises with minaorcontriutions from agriculturalrumnff and domesticsewage. These result in somelocalized areas of high BOD, COD, phenolsand zinc, mostly nearthe tributaries. -37- 3.14 The Xiaolangdiarea is nar the southernedge oif the warm temperatezone. This. in combinationwith the area'svariable getgraphy. resultc, in terrmestrialplant communities which canbe relativelycomplex and diverse. In the reservoirarea itself. however,there has heena long history of settlementand cultivation. and the natural vegetationand diversity have beengreatly diminished. Similarly. the diversity and abundanceof wild animals. representedin the reservoir areaby mostly northernspecies. are very low throughoutthe region. Waterfowlare diverse.but populatinncare low. Vegetationand faunahave beenstudied tur the EIA. with particularattentuin to rare and commercial species.Critical andprotecte&i habitats are indicatedon Map 13

3.15 Due to the high tlow rate andexceptional silt content,riverine aquatic habitats are generally pxor, and aquatic communitiesare relatively marginal. Significant fishery habitat is predominantlylocated in the tributaries.wit somn fcorrespo)ndingcontamination' of fish from the industrialpollution soiurceslocated there. Fish is not a significant part otf the loicaldiet. and fish prxluctivity representsonly 0.2 percentof agriculturalincome in the lower hasin.

3.16 The populationof the reservoirand surrouddingarea is about2.4 million peoiple. approximately181.050 of whichlive in the-areatoi he floxded. Agriculturalregistered people oomprise 90 percentof the populationof the studyarea andover 92 pereentin the areato he tfluoded..The flat valley lands and hills up tKu200 mnelevation are almost emirely devwotedtV agriculture.,the main agriculturaltypes eingcer cnUp5and cotton. Desptethe importanceoft agriculturalenterprises toZ the -rqeionalecony, overall oductivityis nothigh. andannualper capitaagricultural income in theregkin is Y 346.

-3.17. The total areatoi he submer!edis approximately-272kme. f which 44 percentis cultivated Tbhisrepresents just over 4 percentof the cultivatedland of the overall study area. hut M ¢ includesthe mowstfertile andpridluctive areas.

3.18 With thepropoed maximum water level at 275m elevation.the Xiaolangdi Reservoir will flooid 179 villages. .11go vernment town. 93 industrialand mining enterprises.250 commercial enterprisesand other institutionsL.12 pvwer .statins. 267 irrigationpumps. 658 km of irrigatin canals.

688 km of roads.ad 548Ikm of communicationJines;. - .

-19- t - The mineral resourics of the regionarecsignificant (Map 3.3) and include valuable reservesof coal. bauxite. copper. inm and building materials. The reservesmoust aftected by the reservmirwill he coal. bauxiteand sulfur-in. It may hepossible to. recover the coul. sinceit is covered by an thick impermeablelayer of shale.and lould he minedbeneath the resemroir.

-. *.. - 38 - 3.20 Becauseof the needto relocatea significantnumber of peopleaflected by inundation, a carefulstudy was done of the public healthdynamics within the reservoirand study areas. The main public health problemsidentified include malaria,diseases related to agricultural practices(such as Brucellosis),encephalitis B. diseasescarried by rats.waterborne diseases, and endemic fluorosiscauses by cootkingwith the high-fluoridelocal coal.

3.21 In view of the importanceotf the Yellow River hasinin the developmentof Chinese civilization.a detailedarchtological survey has been completed. It identifiedo ver 100cultural relics and historic sitesin the areato he submerged.While noneof theseare classifiedas protectedby eitherthe Stateor theprovince, some of the itemsare regardedas precious resources for researchon architectural andart history. Ther. are also may imptrtant *ultural resourcesin the areasurrounding the reservoir.

C. DOWNSFREAMRIVERINE AREA

3.22 The areadownsream of Xiaolangdi(Map 22) includesirrigated areaswithin and adjacentto the Yellow River, stretchingapproximately 870 km from the proxoseddam to the estuary. BetweenXiaulangdi and the start of the dikes, over soAme70 km. the river is broadand flows past Mangshenmuntain to the south. At this point. thereare approximately330 kme.of floxodplainto the north. For the remaining800 km to the estuary,the river is 'suspended'in a raiud hed aboua3 m aboveSround level. with dikeson bhthsides 'except for about100 km at anddownstream of the msoth of the tributary DawenRiver. wherethere is no dike on the ssouthernbank Iroughly 390-290km from the estuary).

3.23 In the reach 128km fnrm Xiaolangdidownstream to the Huayuankhwmonitoring station.the Yellow River receivestwo majortnrbutary systems, the Yiluo andthe Qinhe.which together contributeapproximately 36.000 km: of catchment.The qualityof thewater in thesesystems is relatively pollutedas indicatedby the presenceof significantlevels of CODand phenols. Watterquality in the main river is thus degradedto the second-grade o f the Chinesestandard. until naturalpurification restores a first-gradequality by the Gaoicunstation. 579 km fnrm the estuary. Waterquality renainsgood for the rest of duemain stream. Downstreamof Huayuankouthere is relatively little further addition of catchmentarea until the final 20.000 km2 is contributedby the.Dawen River andthe Beijindi Detention Basin. about395 km from the estuary. Outsidethe catehment areas related to tributaries.there is very litde runoff. andessentially no urbanwaste dischges enterthe Yellow River donwntreamof Zhengzbou due to the dikes.

3.24 lTe downtream areahas a similar genera climate to tha of the reservoir area. except that it becomesboth warmer (averagetemperature ranging from 12 to 291C) and wetter -39 - (precipitation up to 700 mm/year from west to east). Precipitationis seasonal. and hence thereis the sameseasonalitj in flow patterns in the downstream tributaries.

3.25 Gmundwaterthroughout the downstreamarea is generally abundantand of good quality.

3.26 Overmillennia, the hugequantities of sediment carriedand deposited by the Yellow Ri-er have crcdteuthc C rc NorthernChina Plains,also knowr as the Hung-huai-HaiP;ains. The courseof the river has chargedsome 26 times in r.ecordedhistory (2,'00 years). sometimesquite drastically. The present course downstream of Jiahetan was established in 1855. following a major breachingof a dike. The valleyarea is broadand relatively flat, thoughit is constrainedto the southin the areaof the Tai Mountains.the sourceof the DawenRiver.

3.27 Sedimentationand scouring in theYellow River have recently undergone some major changes.Prior to 1950.breaches in the dikeswere common, resulting in frequentsedimentation outside the dikes. Since 1950,such events have become less common. and the silt load is now maintained betweenthe dikes. TheSamnenxia Darn. which began to fill in 1960.has altered sedimentation dynamics considerably;it hasenabled .some cntrol to be exertedover deposition and scouring, bath in thereservoir. and in the downstreamreaches. The effeas of differentoperating regimes of the Sanm&nxiaDam have beenstudied,.its basic operating principles have been evaluated. and several successful alterations made to the damenable better sediment control.

3.28 . hedownstream area has been heavily populated and cultivated for manycenturies. andthe naturalenvironment has therefore ben.replaced by intensiveagriculture throughout. There are vŽ U a few remainingnatural forested areas, especially in the hilly andmountainous Dawn andTaishan areas *-'4t~ to the south. Wildlife animalcommunities are.wimewhat mo re complexthan in the Xiaolangdiarea. :. -* thoughnorthern species still dominate. In the cultivatedareas, agricultural pesatpcies suchas mice. rats. and pigeonsare prolific.

3.29 Many wedandsexist in the flood areasbetween the dikes and are importarn br aquaticanimals and waterfowl. The wetlandin the old courseof the river, 100km to the northin Heajan Provincehas been made into a naturepreserve. Suchareas support large and diverse bird populations

and are important for migration. . . - - -

3.30 Becauseof the river's high silt content.there is no significant fishery in the downsueamriver reaches. -40- 3.31 'Me overallflosd protiectitn region downstream of Xiaolangdisupiorts approximately 70 million p"ple. Agricultureis intensive.and the areais the maincotton and wheal production region in China. Grossagricultural output is valuedat Y 29 billion annually. Industryhas heendeveloping rapidly in the area. Whereasagriculture fnrmerly represented70 percentof the region'sco ntribution to the nationaleconomy. industry notw contributes 60 percent. The abundantcoal. oil and naturAlgas reservesin this regioinare significantf.r ecanomicdevelopment and urbangronwth. A different sornof naturalresource, Taishan Mlountain in ShandongProvince, has been designated a World HeritageSite by UNESCO.

D. ES-1uARYAND DELTA

3.32 The estuarvand delta compriseappnrximately 6.000 km2 of llat. low-lying land (Map 2.3). Tbey haveincreased by some 2.200kmi sincethe Yellow River begandischarging here in 1855. Over 700 ki: were added hetween 1954 and 1984: and over the last 40 years. some 25-30 W-:yearhave beenadded..

3.33 Averageannual o utflow at Lijin hydrologystation is approximately38.78 hillitin m`/yearand average disharge of silt is 987 million tonslyea.r.representing 87 percemand 75.4 percent oif the inflow reseiveJy. Siltaitin oif the river channelin the lower reachesis gisvernedmainly by upstreamruno ff andsediment load. Influenceon siltationin the river exertedby the extension t*fthe delta has not beensignificant in the ;L-st40 vears. Waterlevel ftorequivalent runoff (3.000 mels)at-he Lijin station(at the headof the estuarv)ha% risen 1.55m between1950 and 1989.which is lessthan farther upstream.

3.34 The climate *f the delta is partly modxeratedby the sea with a 12'C average temperature.WinuLs are high am stormsserious. The areaexperiences the same cvclic precipitatkinand runoff patternsas upstream are&s. The low liow periid is more frequentlv ex;ecrhated 1hvincreasing water use. with periodisof zeno low heing recorded. Suchperiods adversely affect the estuaryfishery andwater usein the delta. ftorexample. fiur dtomestic consumption. aquaculture. irrigation and industrial usessuch as the pxowerplant andailfield in the delta.

3.35 Exceptfor the silt content.the water qualityis fairly good1due to)the relativelysmall amountso f contamination.and the longrun of the loawerreaches that enables effeetive natural purifi:cation to occur.

3.36 Vegetation is typical of the deltaic areaswith meadows.marsh ?lants andlhydrnphytes predominating. including halophytic. salt-tolerant species in coastaland low-lying locaions. Thereare -41 - somesmall woodedareas and cultivated lands along the coast. Evenwith the relativelysmall tidal range (1-2 m). thereare extensivesalt nmrshesand intertidal areas.

3.37 The aquaticproduction at the estuaryand in adjacentsea area is relatively high icomparedto the river. Both planktonand btos are morediverse and abundantin theseareas. The estuaryis an importantspawning and nursery area fbr bothriver andoceanic species of fish. crustaceans andshellfish, whichare a valuableand renewableeconomic resource.'

3.38 Man: wedandssituated in the coastaldepressions beyond the Yellivw River. at.d havingabundanu natural precipitation a'nd groundwater, are notedfor the presencetif aquatic.nigrar..c andwaterfowl: and have been made into NatureReserves such as Wuli. Shouguangand Weifang Natural Reserves.Such areas are importantfor, migratingbirds. and a numberof speciesincluding herons. -egrets. swans.geese and ducks. which winterthere in large numbers.

3.39 The majoreconomic activity in thedelta is providedby the Victory Oilfield. whi h is the secondlargest in China.and is undergoingcontinuing development- -42 -

4 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND PROTECTION MEASURE.S

A. CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTALISSUE-E!; '>

4.1 Critical environmentalissues were identifiedduring the initial scopingexercise carried Osut early in the EIA process. Theseissues were definedas thosesigniticanuiv affected the environmental acceptabilitytof the project.including considteration lf both naturalresources and humandevelopment values. Thesearise from causeand efft.L relationshipswhich have prwntiallv signilicant impactson importantoir valuedsocial. economic.; cultural. and'o4r ecological factoirs. The l;ur issueslitund to he must critical lir the proposedXiaoilan'-di Project are: (i) dam stability and safety.tiil reseILnent. fiiiI cultural heritageand livJ publichealth.

B. DAMt SAFETY

Overall +Prgramr.w Dant S&atMyv

4.2 Becauseoif the absoluteneew l;ir dam safetiy this subjecthas receivedample attentionhr YRCCantd its IniernaltionalPanel nf ExpertsIser YRCC. Reprn tn Salez%tof Dam.' October24. 1'2')'1 The assessmentsofl' dam safletyneeds. and provision ;wirthem. are helieveJtoI he amongethe leadin2! efl'ons fo.r ensuringsalfve amon- majordams-ol'the uorld. Theseprovisions includea comnprehen%ite aIt%trUmc:lt?itmnsystem t..r detectin :anJmeiasurine anv sieniticant evidenceot' concern. ts be arpli:zhle hltli during andalter constructiin.suppoled Iv standh%poner to ensurecontinuous conmmunications.

4.3 The Dam's on-sitesalety featuresincltiIing the following:

la) Roal svstemslinking damwith outsidehighways and railways, so that if access1to nne bank is interrupted.access toi the tither hankwill he mAintained.

(hi' Comprehensivecommunications system. including microtwave and radio.

(C) Emergencypsiwer supply. - 43 - F(d)Integrated reservoir food regulation plan. ltr utilizing all reservoir capacities tO minimize flti lo hazards. Evenif an extremeftiod greaterthan the 1:10.000year designflood were to occur, there is considerableextra capacityin reserve.namely capacity for managing 20.030m'/s compared toithe design flood of 17.030 mn/s. This is hbsedoin an evaluation of thepert;rmance of theSanmenxia Dam as well asthe Xiaolangdi.

* . . . |~~~~~~I. I iet A hazardcharacteristic of the constructionperiod is the possiblefailure of the cotfer dam. wh;ch is designcdfIr the 1:100year floodl. Detailedestinmatc' have been made ot areasand numberopeoples.whk.*1 would heatfected by etiffr dam failure.

Ifi As discussedin SectionH. a FloodEmergency ResItnse Svstem has beenestablished and is operationalin the lower hasin andelsewhdre in the hasin.

Dam Stability Again.t Earthquakes

; - 4.4 The XP will result in a deepand relativelv large reservoir whose mass may increasethe risk ,, u t an inducedearthquake in or nearthe reservovirarea. Of the 200 large reservoirsbuilt aroundthe world. fo;urhave causedearthquakes with an intensity of class5.5 .armore on the Richter scale. Because the Dam is locatedin a region proneto seriousearthquakes. dam safety has beengiven particular attention. . . .-. . . .

4.5 Studies by 'RCC. YRCC hascarried o*utan extensiveprogram of studieson dam safety. Between1978 and 1983. geologicalmapping and a systematicsurvey oif the reservoirarea produced the -irst estimatesof the distribution,length and atlitude of active faultsin thearea. A thoroughreview of ;- $ reservoir-inducedearthquakes within Chinaand ahbrad was carried out in 1984and 1985. Basedon this initial work. a detailedlstudy of the prohbahilitvtf reservoir-indlucedearthquakes subsequent to the constructionotf Xiaoilang"di was carried out fnrm 1986tt. 1987. This includedextensive and detailed field -- studiesrequired to assesthe active Quaternarv faults in thereservoir area. Techniques included stripping and testing of saanpleshb thermolumincscenceand electronspin resonancemethd41s tol date the most recentactivitv. Finaliv. ihornugh studieswere nmade.of the XinfenZiiang.Danjiang. Lngangexia. Senuot.Wuxijian'. Nanchongand Shenatiiaxiareservoirs. which have trigg.eredeanhquakes after impoundment.Baedt on theseinvestigations and studies. the potential magnitudeof inducedearthquakes subshequentti flooding of the Xiatilangd-iReservoir is between55 and 5.6 on the Richter scale. A magnitudeof 5.6 w-aLsrecommended lOr .design purpoes in the documententitled -SpecialReptirt oin Reservoir-InducedEarthquake Studyv of XiaolangdiProjec-t' (FeLbruary 1988,:

4.6 - Evatualtioniby the litLrnatlihntalPanel Or xPertLs(May and June 1991). In its initial

i2. : e-: report the InternatioinalExpert Panel recommendedthat 'the dam and its wssociated structures hetested -44-e

for poslulatedearthquakes at threedifferent distances.' The Panelreviewed this recommendationin the light of YRCC's letter of Fehruary19. 1991.which indicatedthat the reservoir-inducedeatnhquake assumedby the Panel'is a hit on the conservativeside.' The Panelagreed that 'the hyvothetiL:al earthquakesare conservative.but whetheror ncwthe reservoir-triggeredevent would he conservativeis a matterof judgment,because quantitative supporting data are very limited.' The Panelrecognized that 'YRCC has gone to considerahleettiort to call together knowledgeahleChinese geologists and seismologiststo debatethis question. and respectstheir opinions. Althoughthese experts estimate that the probability of a largeinduced even at the Xiaolangdisite is somewhatsmaller than that estimatedby the Panelwe agreenevertheless that the probabilityis nmtso low that it canhe disregarded..' The debate centerson whetherthe hypotheticalreservoir-induced event at 10 km shouldhe uif magnitude 6.25. as recommendedby the Panel.or of magnitude6.0 a;ssuggested by the Projectproponent.

4.7 After carefulc&nsideration. the Panelremairs mnoirecomftirtahle with a magnitude6.25 resenroir-inducedearthquake than with a smallereven fir severalreasons recog.. zing: (I) the woirldwide occurrencesof severalinduced events larger than the magnitude6.0. includingnne in China: (2) the presenceof a 43-km-longQuaternary fault with a wide crushedzone directly beneaththe deepestpan 01f the reservoir(and the dam):(3) the fact that somelarge reservoir-induced earthquake. have occurred at distancesLof even less than 10 kIm:and (4) the almnstunprecedented aonsequences of majolrfailure of this particularstructure.'

4.8 Boththe InternationalPanel of Expertsand YRCC attach great importance to the possibility of reservoir-inducdeatnhquakes. The Panelsuggested that the 'dam andappurtenant structures be tL%.%ti for M =6.25 earthquakleat a hypecentraldistance of 10km' andthat 'it is appropriateto usea magnitude lessthan 6.25 in testingstructures such as the intaketowers." Basedtn the Panel'srecommendations. !he seismic stabilitv of the dam. embankmentsand the intaketowers have beentested at a simulated magnitudeof 6.25 at correspondinghoriztontal peak acceleration of 0.5 g. The results indicatethat the dam. embankmentand the intake towerswould notbe endangeredunder theseconditions. In c.nclusitn. :he pre.;entscismic design of thedam is consideredto he 'ra:ional and :ullv zonsistenituwith the hestsmtew nlf the scientific knowledgeGin this aspets.'

C. REsuErilEIEFT

Background

4.9 In mostmajir damand reservoirprojects in Chinaand other developing eountries. the issue oif involuntarvresettlement oif displacedpeople is iinc of the mnstdifiecult andsensitive environmental issues.This is due kVthe inherentcomplexities involved. and to inadequateplanning and implementation effortstradititonally applied to addressingresettlement issues in the past. There are numerousexamples -45 - of involuntaryresettlement with inadequateplanning. funding and follow-up. producingunacceptable impactson the qualityof life of boththe resetledand 'host' populations.

4.10 Increasinglyeffective communicationsand growing national and international concernsfor environmentaland social issues s makingall majorprojects ensure the equitable distribution of benefits,so that no segmentof societybenefits at the expenscof others. In the XiaolangdiProject, the resettledpopulation and 'host" familiescurrently established in areasof generallyhigher fertility are unlikel) so hedisadvantaged. while tthers living downstreambenefit significantly from improivedflood plotection.water supply, irrigation and power.

4.11 The first criterion in the Xiaolangdiresettlement program is t*at the resettled populatitnshould not only maintain its currentstandard of living but shouldalso share in projectbenefits. YRCC. in cooperationwith theprovincial and centralgovernmeni agencies concerned. is comenittedJto achievingthis result. 'Thepopulation directly aflectedby the projectincludes the "resettlers"displaced by inundation. The populationin the areasreceiving resettlers, the "host" population.is indirectly affectedby the ProjeLt. Both resettlersand hostsshould thus share in projectbenefits.

4.12 Becauseof its significanceand sensitivity, the resetdement issue is the Project'smost complex,dfficult andcostly environmental problem to resolve. A separateYRCC ResealementTeam was establishedtherefore to plan the resetdementprogram. Thbeprogran is beingplanned to meetthe criteria notedabove, and to meetthe policy andlegal frameworkdeveloped in Chinafor resettlement relatedto waterconservancy projects. Since1950. over 10 million peoplehave been resetled in water conservancyprojects. Tbe two mostrelevant sautes for involuntaryresettlement are (a) thenational land

: ... * uselaw, entitled'The Lawof LandManagement. iRC, 1987,"and (b) the related"Regulations for Land Requisition, Compensationand ResettlementProvision for Lare and Medium-SizedWater Conservancy and HydropowerProjects" issued by the StateCouncil Decree Number 74, PRC, May 1. 1991. Article 32 of the landuse law dealswith resettlementissues related to acquiringnonagricultural registration and increasedlimits for resetlementsubsidies (up to 20 times the aveage an"nualoutput value of the requisitionedkind). These isue.s are especiallyrelev%nt r dheXiaolangdi Project (Table 2.2).

4.13 Thedetailed Resettlement Program is presentedin VolumeIX of the XLD Project Brief. A brief descriptionof the RS plan is given in Chapter2C, whichwas preparedfor purposesof environmental review.' . .

EnvironmentalCriteria rorResettlement

4.14 The purpo e of the environmentalreview of the RS plan is to ensure that the plan

-:+ is environmentally sound,that is, that the resettlerand host communities affected(a) will not be - 46 - disadvantagedby the Priject. and (hi will sharein the prtject benefitstogether with tither populatioins in the lower hasinregion alfcted bh the Priject. Theseconditions are essentialreqluirements fair the oiverallXP plan to he ecunonmicallyand environmentally sound. The objectof the RSplan is limited ti the twincriteria notedin (a) and(h) above.11 must he recognized. in this context. thatthe RS plancannot be responsibletor solvingall the sociieconomic'ills' of the affectedpotpulation: this is the joh of the government.non tof the XP. The responsibilitvat XP is limited to the two criteria. (a) and (h). and within theselimits the RSplan will do all it canto alleviatethe sufTeringsof the rural poor in the lower basinarea.

4.15 In terms oif specificdetails for criterion (a) tfir resettlerfimilies. this meansthat (i) the resettlerfamily will he reestahlishedin a new locationwhere the house.yard and amenitieswill he at leastas goodl as the ramily's previoiussituation: (ii) the familv's newearning potential will he at leastas good as previoiuslv:and (iii) the family's expensesand lossin incoimein makingthe transition will heduly recognizedand accounted and compensated fair.

Environmental Evaluationo RlesettlementPlan

4.16 The salientquestions for the environmentalrevi..w may he listedas shuuwnin Tabie 4.1.

Effectsem ReseliderFamilies

4.17 Economic Efflcas. Table 4.2 (Table IX-4.4 itt RS Report) summarizesthe compensationprinciples usedby the RS prmgramfor the varioustypes of resettlerfamilies. namely agricultural,nonagricultural and others. Theseprinciples cover both (i) compensationfiir lost pnrperties. and (ii) rehabilitationcosts inciuding compenscation for lost incomeduring the transitionperiod (before the resenlerfamily gets establishedin its new location)and timrany nettledtraining tim new kindsof employvment.These principles are fne1w bis fo;r the numerousdetailed tabhls in tie RS repo.rton this subjject.which indicate that the RSplan will adequatelvcompensate the resctler framiliesso they wi1'not suffer economiclosses from beingrequirire mi, move

4.18 Tahle4.3 summarizesthe c.impensatiin provided for the Ig conditioinsof resettlement involvedincluding (i) compensationcotsts for housing.yard and amenities(in favor of replacementof these),and (ii) compensationfor lost incoiw;.. any trainingneeds and for incomedifferences before and after resettlement.These data indicate that the re.settlerfamilies will not sufferecanomic losses because of XPl However,with tespectto ag,riculturalresettlement, the RS report notesthe needfor continuing work and attentionto someoutstanding issues. as follows: 47 -

Talhle 4.1: S,.~rQmrosFUR ENVutmNErAl. EviuuxmnoN or RESvrI11EmnT

* - i1. Effccsmon RS Family 1.1 Will houseand yard he at leastAs g1otodepreviously? 1.2 Will householdamenities he at leastas gxtw s previoubly? 1.3 Will family income level heat leastas gooxas pwvviou4ly? 1.4 Will rehabilitationcosts be pnrvimed(moving, lost income. training)? 1.5 Will cultural valuebe reasoablynointainer? 1.6 , Will Rs familiesshire in overallhenetits of proiect?

..2..'. EffetLs ion lllet Villugas .1 Will hosavillage individualmncoms levels hbe t leastas gnaslEa pruviously? 2.2 Will extra loadson host communityinfinastncure/public serviesI heprovided for! ^ ^ .s s it2.3 Whereirrigation will he introduced,will competentEPM of irrigationsystem he pnwided Wf! 2.4 Will hostvillige culturalvalue he resnably maintained? 2.5 Will hbst villagLesreasonably share in overall benefitsof project? 3. Schedulingund rating 3.1 Will RS nanagementsystem hecome functioning in time to meet!diehduled needs'! 3.2 Will interagencyagreemcnts. he ctompleted in time to support3.1? 3.3 Will RS investmentinputs (houses. public infrastructure.public services)be readyin time?

4. GrievanclComplainL% 4.1 Is the symn to be povided fur grievancescomplainttsrealistic ad ftur to RSfamilies or hbost villgers whovhave fair grievances(give due relief in tiamly manner)? --. n, ^-.r. .t:V.*V: . . : . - * .,.: 5. £naplunentuin, Management. onnitiering,and Survtillasce 5. i . Doesthc RSpln includeadequate management including mmnitoring of the RS operatimn(with - idequsatefunding )? 5.2 Doesthe EnviruumentalManagemcnt Plan incle a e uillm of the RS opnros j:ith adequati'funding;)? Y! ' s

6. RS Plan Fundingand Apprnpriatensx aOrcsct 6.1 Doesthe oveallt RS plm fundingplan ensurefunding or RS costsas schedule.? 6.2 Is the RScost reasonablein termsof magnitudeas relatedto overll projectcots Coul an alternativeplan accomplishthe desired "loodpoWtion oijctives at lowereconomic co.t?

7. REefle lnmraitructurelnt 7.1 Is sufficientinfrastructure furnished to mcetneeds of host villagesan of new villageswith loss of levelsof service?

S. Ag.eatents 3.1 L. ihepiudna ful obtining agreemcnLsbetwecn adl RS prognun participantsand is it satisfactorily underway?

9. Ris;s 9.1 Doesthe RS planningadeqately consderrisks?

10. Eaw"ronienmal Laws 10.1 Haveall PRC laws applicableto RS beenduly considered?

.1 .48 a

Table4.2: ConloEmCstTKiNPmuNxIrI.ES FOR VARIOUS AFEATCrED PoPulAnTIN Gouws

ffceledPopulation Categories CompensationEntitlemnwt ResettementStratgy

A. Agricultural E'opulalion

1. HoIsenoldswith lani ad Fullconqwnsation for housing.new Relocatitm- a group houwehelow 275 m livelihoodand fidure project benefits canbe mwe disant

2. Householdwith landbelow Full compenstionfor newlivelihood Relocatehousehold 27Sm and houseabove nerby (of alsonew housing) plus ner existinghieiue 275m futureproject benefits s r 3 Householdswuith house Full conienationfor bousingnearby RebuiWhore near below275 m andland shov plusfuture pnjet benefits existingfamland 275m

4. Householdswit. lad. and Fullcomupnsation for housing.new Providehousig md housein damsite antstruc- livelihood& fitu pact benefits jobsat projct sie; tion area (eg.. returnland aer contction) returnto fare after

S. Householdswith Ind only Full coampeutionfor newlivelihood Prvki newland or in damsite construction area near(or aISonew houin) plusfuture job at pwjectsite; projectbenfits retun to fuanafter

6. Householdswith land-n FuJlcompaention to roestablishliveli- Prvide newlad or newresidenaiallfaatovv ates hoodsneby a*ndfutur project job to newtownship or

7. Households(hosts) that Adequaeompntio n to improve Minimizeimpats if shlre landwith resettlenr existingincome levels and shr future Possible projec benefits

S. Householdsthat lose access Adequatecompestion to replacelost Avoidor puninizc to seasol croplandalong newincose impacsif possble floodplin (e.g.. Wenmengtan)

S. Nonagricutual Population

9. Householdswith houseand Full compensationfr newhouse. job Relocae houseod workplacebelow 275 m at relocatedor new terpriseplus wishtownl/ntapris futureproject benefits

10. Householdswith house Full compensaonto raild -w boe Rebuildhame - below 275 rn and work- ; nesr existingworkplae pl future wokae p-s above275 m pjct beefits G ICWmt..- - . : . -49--

.. Table 4.2: (CGmtinued)

AffectedPopulation Catories Compention Entiekment Rettbnint Strategy

1t. Householdswith workplee Provision of job at relocteddor new Rlmate withtown or below and house above entprise neary (or lo new housie) factoryplus housing if 275 m plus futureproject beneuis equired

12. Hoti.ehoklsswith houweand Full crnpensatioafor newhowe. joA mt Relocae on projoct workplacewithin dam site relocatodor new enterprie plus future sie 'or to naret .- : .construction pnrect benefits villae

- 13. Single tempory workers Guarmnteeto pnrvidetempxrary work at Relocate om proct living in fatory housing relocatd or new enterpriseand sirmilr sile or to nearest housingif possible village

14. Singl temporry workers Adequatecompensation to replce lokt Responsihility of with separte housingout- incomeor guante to provide tnpo- employer . . sideresrvoir rea ry work on similar basis

C. Other op lati

IS. Registeredfily memarbs* Full co_npeatio as awardodto other . temponrary residing else- fainly members wber (studet.arnymn)

16. Registerd family member No compenation permnently residing els-

* 17. Unrgistered memberswho Full co a s awarddto other -> -' :-: - residepermanetly membAsof household

18. Unregisted memberswho No compensation reside tempily (visiting reatives)

(a) Farm incomesconstitute less than half the household incomes of boti the resettlerNd host ommaunities.lbe projectedfarm inwmesof resenlersare unlikely to bemuch higher than currentleves, although there is somescope o- increase inmesby diversityingcpping -pattns, if grainquota requiremes a waived.Therefore, agriculture is anunlikely source to improveliving sandards.

lb) Alonfannincome soumrcsdeserve at leastthe samelevel of sudy andplanning to ensre that rural resentas'living standards do not decline. The Wermengtan Scheme, for example,has .Tale 443i SUMAIARV(W S(X1sNWX(~11 ED AM; (N RF.,m.Fi FAmiIns nw MOVINI:YrAt (PRIt.cLrvF;I oF IM9 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I

km. m~~~~~~~.wA~~~~~~PV1 Phil Rib, Pb~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.0o N I," V., i.

Al_cultuga. Poulatim Ueua.holda with lawd aNd ho... h.l.v 275. 1.43 1.12 2112 154 24 so Isaahod wish land bow 215 a ml hwAa, aboy 215 a 1.4A .21 2112 23" 24 -dit I Uoua.hoida with bouse h.lv* 275 a and Iml ahoy. 2liS 1.43 1.43 1353 25K G -ditto I au.sablds with land1oue La.idan site oo.au toian area 2.02 1.2 I30 is" is -ditto K oumaa.oids with and adyv Ls dan aite oeatmaties at". 1.03 1.3 1o0o 23K is -ditto K

Umaa.buldawith lanAoam - uoidamtialiIaatouv site& 1.51 1.15 1936 2012 6 -ditto Umaaoblda (hoasts) that sare, with xonattloga 1.51 1.35 1o30 3072 3 -ditto Uouseheldalogiln soceaa to soacanal au."laud aloe" floodplaia 2.34 1.91 2100 3419 5 -ditto

UAs.hal1 swih bas ml w.htpia beow 273. 3504 3500 -ditto K gua.bolds with house blow 275 . and weS7 lam abov 275 a 350 540 -ditto X oueaholda wish w_4laose below ad be1 abov 375. * 40 1540 -ditto * useuhld with hase ad vetlase within dan alte etutlem area 3540 3540 -ditto X "Inel t~oaueia woshoon lving In Latom, bmannI 1120 1140 -ditto K lielo tamway vt.auu with seq ate hve. outaido rsvoir an& I20, 12S1 -ditto X

UAsgtatnid Emily mebrs t.q.uaull voaldie olaamhor. logLatesod Emily nombers pomas:tlv massLa o1aIsebre z omg1a,.m mebeles' aAds inte K haegLotauod mawbo o veido tenoratilp go o~samoatLo 51 agricultural.evelopment costs tof Y 5.500per capita or Y 24.200per hoiusehold.Alternative nonagriculturalemplosyment opportunities could be exploredlat this level oif investmentper capita.

(c) The successfulrelocatioin of rural peoplefrom the three most affectedcounties-Xin an. Jiyuan and Yuanqu-is dependenton timely coimpletionof the Wenmengianaid Houhe sdiemes. Earlyconstructio n of theseprojeces is important.

td) Countiesshould he carefl no,tit; atrrex'imarepmtneilal crop vields.since this will tend it reducethe areasof land allocatedtIo resettlers. Similariv. variationsin the quality *ol land shouldal.s be takeninto acctcunt.

(e) Early action is required tostomp)te /t agrermentsbet -ern rese1 tlers and hos; iillages. Moire stafTand resoiurces are rLquiredat the countylevel to undenakethis andoiher planningtasks at the villagelevel.

(t) Senos considerationmust he given to iirroducitngprferetmial policies for rural resettlersand ho.sts.This matteri alreadyunder consideration and includes.among others. special status tir scarce farm inputs. direct sales of farm products. trainiq,,. exemption or reduction of grain quotas. priority for jobs in rural enterprises.subsidies and tax exemptions.

4.19 lousing, Amenitiesand Public Servitcs.Table 4.4 summarizesthe beftire and after situationon housini!.amenities and public services for thevarious types of resettlerpopulations. As seen. the resettler families will generally he better off than before moving. Figure 4.1 illustrates the typical behiireand after situationon housing. -

4.20 It is of interestto notethat 60 percentof the floor spaceof existinghousing of the 181.050resettlers is in caves.Such caves are c;haracteristicallydamp and commonly cause rheumatism.

4.21ISocial avndCultural Parameter. Bec;ausealmost all rescderautt rndost host flmilies are Hans,there should be no ethnicprohlems. The soiial andcultural summarymade by the RS Team indicatedthat must resettlerfamilies are awarethat they will have to move. but few have any firm - conceptof thespecificsto he involved. As wou!ldhe expeiedt.the minoiritydo not muchlike the idea of movingbut, if requiredtoi move.they *ould prefernot to) be separatedfnrm their villageneighbors. However.their mainconcern is thae imt)iveshould hopel yllyresult in an improvedstandird of living. especiallyif giventhe opportunityto switch from agaictulturato nonagriculturallivelihotols.

;X >; Elfecmson lbsts -- N:-. - 52 -

Figure 4.1a: lyricAl. llouSG BIEFoRERES:r.sirmoNT (A)

MM_ - 53-

. ...

* ~ ~ ~ ~ 7 ik-

.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;. . .

*~~~~~~~~~~~ <

= -.. ,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- I-i:urcXJ. 1 : TVrt. IX l.hi 6z ~III.BI'(IORDI.rn:I-l.I:Ml.:NT(I 1)

54 -

jF a., --.

- ~~~f.

, . -t_.- s _ -!.

* .~~~~~~~~~~~~..

- - - . -.- *. ___.-.~~~~~~~~~~~:~~-.~~-- ~~~*-' ~ ~ L -*sI- *55.^

Figure L.1d: TMPIcml. fllvsINt; AlTER REswrr.t:NmENTr (B)

~~~~~~~~~&~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r

><-

.t. ... Table4.4 Br.FIlReAN AtTut SMAUTIONFVR RrisT :W I ,, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FIIRIt)u!;IN<:I/AhivNiiTIE^PNucI SF:RVI(:FS

CattfioUnas IL of Area/househid Ceartrwd 8UIdV4 Met tbh V66 Of Wstwwir p* Appurtww FuC Fftr Tettil Im"l lrrel "Oym trim /dWSTI lwfofre Altai ,tIl,to Altef Itifere Alte relote, Aftetr Afore After Before Altw Woee After Iefre Ahtqr MAft arth MaklybrickO llt 140 100 0.4 0.25 lath BrickS 1600 11e4000 m OW rt e wtS thbrw hou v thXr ", MA* brk MA*h"brlwkA 4e 140 100 0r4 02 kt Brikaothbs,rw750 1e40 2 s baiter ea Wne

Mob* A Ma* belchA 33 120 100 0.4 0.25 *rickAhrbw kick G 10100 13000 'dre betw gweai bettw thr* h _ tknbw th or lboth flit A 1"Weatzf leebted

Prtfabrkelted Meby labeheted a 120 iI0 0.4 0.25 f1abdtieed fabdiated 13000 14000 ood ood pnwml gee heuws hotsz* ' *omnetO eafeti

NoteI Indlceu after resettlement are bared one 1) Residences maLnly compored of earth cave dweliLng, built in the early 1970u wLth a life span of 40 years (used for 20 year.).

2) ResLdences mainly composed of brlck/timber houses built in the early 1980. wLth a life span of 40 years (used fto 10 years). 31 Residencar maLnly composed of prefabricated houses built ln the late 19101 wLth.a lkfe mpan of 40 years (used for 5 years).

* ~~~~~~. . ,.|..*w..v '.E. ,E. -57-

4.22 Host Family Ec4nonucs. Table 4.5 summarizesthe information on economic impactson host families.

Taile 4.5: SutitMARoF SoaoEL4oUC EDartscON Hosr FnuultES

fer capits Farutwd met per capito incme o lmrks Ceunay cm) Cysanl Befre Rs. After Is. Before Rs. After Is.

Jiyuan City 1.21 1.11 692 703 Per capita Incmes

N-jin 1.24 1.19 S11 516 is the host ornah basis of averg Xin'an 1.36 1.24 416 431 leveL of the whole tianch i 2.16 1.39 48 512 couty.

Shanlxin 2.02 1.74 630 MC

timnqu 2.35 1.7S 41b MR

Ptnglu fV,40 3.49 315 412 Xiaeiua 3.48 2.3 337 40

Floagtanws -- 2.83 1.92 ,; - 750 ._ . Counties along the tomer 1.91 1.71 734 755 reaches of the Yetdom River

4.23 Host CommunityInRrasAructure and Public Services.'Tables 4.6 and4.7 have beenprepared it, showthe situationwi communityinfrastruiture and public services. The RSprogram will uppleuentthe existinginfrastructure and services to ac..mmmudatethe increauedloadings without l-ossin level of smrvice.

4.24 Socicultural Impacts. The RS tachksurves indicatethat about70 percentof the host populationis aware of the prolpsedRS programus.nhe majority of thesebelieve that the RS prtgram will have significant efftets n their livelihoxds. and about two thirdis seem willing to acconrmodatethe resettlerfamilies. The indicatitonis that the 'proof of the puddingwill he in the eating.*that is. ilic socioculturalproblens will beacceptable provided that the host villagers are notmade worseoff eaonominallyby the RSprigram.

Grievance and Conplaints

4.25 Mechanismfor Grievancesand Complaints. The Village Committees,which reprcsentthe villagersindlependently of the regulargovermnent structure. are expectedtoi he the main mechanics tl;r receivinggrievances and complaintsfrtm resntler or host families. The Village -5S8-

Tuhle4.6: RS IrAcIrs ON INFRASFRItL7UMIMIN HoIr ARFAS

Item unit Host Area Existing Proposd satisfactoryte Affectttd POVI Communicatlons km To restore conmicetIons in reservoir vicinity with Yes 1763 km county roads. county-xiang roads and iang- ... village road to beubilt. Power Supply km To erect 631.4 km power lines. Toes Telecommunications km To create 524.2 km telecuummnic8tiOn lInun Yes Public Address km to provide 896.9 kpubtlic addressing lines.- - yes Facility Water Supply To provide per capita investa_nt of 300 yuan for yes rural relocatee water sqiply. Sanitary/Hospital To relocate11 xlanghospitals on the bsis of the yes present standard, to iprove facilities and housings. Cultural Facility To improve existing schools, to better cultural yes facilities at xiwngand willage lvels. Miscellaneou4

Tablie 4.7:7 PLANED KEY COMPONEITS OF RESZTTNLENNT

Item Ouantity cost Remarks (C10yuan) Housing/Amenity To build3.6013 a' main rooms L12.7 Only uralceponrnt. andcorresponding amenitiesO. Farmland/facility To allocate and create 0.179 383.95 -ditto- an formland million mu. ComLnications 1763km roads. 145.46 Including restoring coumications in reservoir vicinity. Power 631.4 km 14.55 lelecoummmicati.-ms526.2 km 3.31 PublicAddress 896.9km 5.02 uaterSuppty 0.139miltion people. 32.27 SsnitarytNospital To put up to 11 Xiang hospitals. Cultural Facility Viltlge cultural centers to be compensatedCon the existing level)nd set up. Miscellaneous

. .. CGmmnimiee.if unable tit remtilvegrievances an.J cnmpltuints. will rererthem tt thehical gflvernmentand. subsuNucntly.ht highergwvernmenl l.vels as nexdieuup ti the prnvinwiallevel. Grievancesare expected tit he *if threetvp .: 6i) psycholigidaland stciocultural. (ii) physihligical andpublic services.and (iii) e.ennomic.Tahle 4.8 andFigure 4.2 summarizethe avenuesft;r recslutiLnulf grievances.

Tabl 4J: GR UVANCND AmA 1 11

. I. b.da.1 .i YU. bea. ZI a.u ~ C

* 1 SinaI a-Ee=n_

a. __aqa ~ Yami.utCu ae3n Cup 3alp1

4.26 Esplerien.:ein usingthe rEApri.:es's in vari 'us pr,win.">;of Chinah:as shown that the Village C nmmiteesctal,. calledlResidentiall C nununivyAssociations) have heenquite efle.tive in

- gining support from the local andl provincial governmentalagencies. including the Envirmnmenl Protection Bureatus.for resaulingunl:air tre:atuawnt *f the villagersandl residlents (.'. wEvaluatiinnolf EIA *in PRC.' Asian DerelopmentBank. 19 1 . ~-

4.'7 !;urdy, Nits. It agricultural resctiklr or hs'ts are unsuccestuP in a.:hievin", * disra.ctoryincoime levels.. they will have re;courstol ; specialResrvs'ir ArealSuppor l:unJ. uhich '<':-4 ,urantL'es minimum incomesit t:Jtn or nsntarlmnliveIihoodxi t:ail lto meet their minimum ne.xds.

-~~~~3:-;5 .>3.mu , 'fh._o;Applicans tn the Fundnill be rel'erredthrough the villargeleader to} the CounmrResetlement Olftice (CROi. This F:undwill remainin placeuntil M1WSRtI.enm that the !;ia I;angniresettlers and all'ecte. - ~~~hostsaIre no losn,er at asnyparticulair risk. This l:undlwill ab.oasuppor enmirevill;age; shruld that be necessary.The linistry *f W;ter R sourcwwReservoir Are; Supuiuni ituill underwritethe liabilities iif the incomerlrowctsion pl;wr.

4.28 Fur Ivnonfarmwork;ers. etphlunient atndincomxe risks will be coveredbyr their prodluctionunitsW. WShere units go banl;rupt.the agyrecntentssignedl in advanceprovidie b.r r.stllers to be emnupnsated*u ihtegrr;me im. ..umher units.

* -d. *~~~ Wom7miurn 4.

motsa M-1m=w inm

umivi orAI ml

| JLTASMOmin no .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I | IZNVl 0lAX :r a -61

Transiporl Capatily rear Relumculisn

4.2'9 Initial experiknM m: man1Mging RS. nis. under way I;ir constru:tien :ite reeIlers. indicats mink ltuhblemns uch as lurnishing adequuetranNpiln calucel;i1 lbr mitaingresettler lamilies Ir1nn existing titnew .it%eN.Tabhle 4 9 shsmwshitm tht: RS Iltan will manage this transpirnaliain prashlem

Tialeb 4.9: ItRSTl N%%flKI C %r WI- I

; -. ^ item Description 1. Vehicle required per housenold Three vehiclem-timsa cost 500- 1.000 yuan. 2. Average vehlclas re4u.ren About 10,000 vehiclemstmes. 3. Units which prcv_J Vtt.:e 1. County Transport CompanLem. . tzany Transport Companiem. J. Vi::&ge Transport Teams. ;4.Army transportLng Teams.

Sdhedsaling and iii 2

4.30 Owrall -RS Scieduling. Figure 4.3 iFigure RSIX-4.1) show% the XP annual resettlement requirement. and 1-igure 4.4 1Hiiure RS:X.4.:i shuex the rhased RS schedule. Additisinul *cheduling details are illuNtriwL Is%%eleahed tables 1nmmthe relwin as tillows: Tahle 4. 10 CRS'IX-9).41: Rural Resctulemen l;ir (Conruamsmn Area: Tabhle 4.11 tRS!IX-9. II: Implement.aion Schedule tair 7 t .GuC InstructisnArea RS; Table4. 1 iRS 'X- .3j: Agril.ultural I'roductin Planning tlir Resettlement. and Tahle 4.13 CRS'IX-6. Ii RC.nL11'.mIiinLPlanning (sr NumnacriculturlPrikluctikn.

4.31 Iigure 4.i shu.wstIm !RSplanninr sirganieatisin. Planning and preparatonry operatitn are on schedule li'r managing the lI rst slage *f RS. I;ir re%ettler families frtm th cosnstruction area in

arly >1993..Thiis li4r.-. ti;c e%npier..: a.1!iturnL.4h valuaghgin.ighLs fir improving the planning and implementation of the suhbswuent sages in rtsettlemeni.

- ... .,, ... .-.. *- ...

4.32 . .. .. Actual RS Comnplelit n IDate: Implementationof the RS plan is already. under wav fiir resettler families in the oanstructian area. tOf hese 9.932 prople. or about 2.207 families (at 4.5 persnslfamily). s.ome 384 familirs or 1.730 popfle (air 16.7 percent) have been mowed tt host villages in the construction cAmp vicinitv.- Bv the end of the year 1992. it is planned that 65 percent or 6.462 people will have been mowed. An visiiof the 384 family sittion made hy the WorWl Bank mission n

'C:;. < Oc-toher 23. 1992. including dibeusioft% with the resetlers. indicated that the resenlers were quite

... a.. - - - - - (i2-@

3s -

I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s25 -

10-

°~A v! I ^ ; ^ 11 T12 TT 10T 2 * 4~SI4~1bo5 1 U 15 17 al21 ._u C2.i'

Pis 43: Amu%L __Twml ra saisfied with YRCC'smanagement *of them thusfar.-

* Rsettlementlrpmnhesatulkn

4.33 Management rnicilp3n:s.Suzz -ofiulimpl nion of di%RS pr.'an. bskae of its complexity.requires careful manageementof resettlers and hos. T6 this end. strict managemni systemshave been established by the StateCovuncil. MWR. MOF d&wn it kloalrestlement agencies. indudingcontrols on financialflow. Whenapprtwed by the.State.the restdutememdcxmletioP will bedistributed to Henanand Shanxi Provinces foir the proper aacuv*plishrKm of resetlement.

4.34 . Countyresettlement agencies assist the oAuntygenSwament in owrgaizingthe xiang and villges andresenlers in the RS implementation.Mangipg RS impleuenwtioinis the swi reswnsibilkyof provincial.muunicipal and county resenlee agencies.Tblle ensurcdcse calike i * | r, ^. >,' ; ~~~~~.. '.. , :,

Figure4.4: RSScIIfIiIF ni. xr

PopulatLon 34 oResettlement in initial operation perind (E1 180-26Sj 23 30 28 26 24 22 20 16 14 12 10 last relocation (El 265-275) 6 cotferdam relocation (below El 180) 4 relocatlonfrom constructionoccupied land 2 0* 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 year Figure4.51 ORGANIVATIONFUP R:M Ml.W.DlNT PLANNIN

~~~~~~~~~~~~stUIt?ol C'- {lK sh'. 'sXlim Proinc .~~~~~~~~~le ,OXfi ...... It e...L!...... AR... IIPOI, TAel ......

Lucyg !=inw Cv mahthouCity 43 Soa LhnjnYwy'ZJeF Knl EEtE*EfEiEBI linpiem wnWiuj Im @uam'm xi Iin Pingl'u thaln IEimchi JV&lywn (ltshs1) an CIhips) C_ , * ,

Viri ieee -~ -- age.le ~~~~~~.ctv... .. -erw--* *IlsrIenrPtl

.~~~~~~ .,

m .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a.i**e W~~~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A:@tRI.

Tuble4.10: RI;TEITUAIENT PIANNINGFolR AtKlUI:IIIR. AI. IKAROiOD(m11UN

CountyPlan for Livelihood Jilyuan NejIn lin'mn Mianchi Shanalan Turqu XieSimn Pinglu Rtnervoir Total Agriculture Lwndeased Sthei l)tralnFarming aVithinsa lang (peopte) 0925 1565 3ns *12; 834 5007 4.8 1152 22174 Itatal cultivated land(mu) 11435 2310 4316 492 1 117 5723 T0 lSO 2040 -of wdilch irrigated (mu) 1400 1252 .1006 180 395 305 300 950 57D4 *cultivatedland percapita 1.28 1.48 1.16 1.19; 1.34 1.14 1.57 1.61 1.26 b)wlthin ee_ cewty (people) 2389 5466 8239 10054i 13713 448SS *totalcultivated lad (pi) si3s 7167 7692 .146771 21090 53m -of dich Irrigated(mu). 238 £7 £n15 36991 16026 30438- -cultivated lan per capita 1.30 1.31 .0.94 1.46 1.12 1.20 cVermeigtan(people) 8306 293 UM9

-total cultivated ltd (mu) 10061 36222 . -in ghichIrrigated (mu) 10061 36222 L - -cultivated land per capita 1.21 1.21 1.21 d)DowstreamCountf" (people) O l10. 10011 .totst cultivated land(m) 0 16217 1621 oft hich Irrigated (a _ 0 0500 3500P *cultivated land per coplta 0.00 1.50 1.50 total Irain Falaing Activities 19620 7031 52673 104S6 834 23790 471 1152 116049 *total cultivated land (mu) 24601 947? 64447 15169 1117 26813 7so 1850 1U4224 -of idich irrigated (mu) 17850 5425 4"8n9 38;9 395 16331 300 9f0 91009 cultivated lend per capita 1.25 1.35 1.22 1.15 1.34 1.13 1.57 1.61 1.24 2) Other Agricultural Activitles a)lrrigated Orchards (people) 696 2504 3200 total cultivated land (u) 1740 6260 8400 cultlvated land per capita 2.5 2.81

b)Forestri Apart-til Jobs) so 280 264 * 244 B00 21 1689 total cultivated land (mu) 396 1000 1824 2413 49? OOO 210 13143 *cultivated land per capita 5 3.6 Y7, 9.89 9.94 10.0 10 C)Livestock(people) I 25S4, . 32S ..total cultivated lnd (mu) 2185 7115 , io0oo *c(ltivated lond per capita 31.0 31.0 31.0 d)LivestoCk (pert time lobs) -totel cultivated land (mu) 1000 525 27s3 .cultivated land per capita ,.10 , 1228 , 1S 10.4

I ~I~ ~~~~~~ ~ -66-

Table 4.11: REsIm-I.F:Nu. PIANNIN; 1vEINNoAICaUL.TLrAL.PkiMtICIION

bdwww. Deindw ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Mwhlm: X"1.515 be xm. 1A.0.6 v Z"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ P

Ite.. aS _mmmjis !.1 w s.Xs .2 * ,3'

k.m *M ws g7 * w an 7 d JN

Taws, 2t 15 .' 1,S34 4Sn 15a 6n 4.7 hRaTmi m9fl areaw m - 13 .. _Sv M.ge 3i* at a:Sn:ss a* TI: | LaSS

Table4.33: T396Al.C93IIPENSATIN FUR RES:T IEN. ' Z~~~~~~Ymillion)

Henan Shanxi Non-- Total province province Provicial

* ~~.: . . <. -. i- . . : Total- 2.150Q 1,534 457 - 156 Rural aria re-ettl-ment 1.305 310x995 Towna 60 46 15 anfrdatructure 490 396 93 S cial items level- . R- 81- 45 -i 24 - 12 R-ervoir basin cleaning-up 11 8 3 Others 203 43 13 147 with the approvedprNgramW Management will provideprastilal iekucatirnsehedules. infrastrueture relocatioinplan"s. production me;asure reestahlishmenz pwlans,. livelihoodx reestablishment plans. and financia andmaterial sulpply plans. It will coordlinateandl handle any pr,phleinsencountered in RS implementation; ,-',L..% ;.. and will report progressin RS implementatkintol higher levels, arid assist in RS monitoringand ^ r supervisionactivities.

4.35 Th,eMWR Resettlement0f111cr will bseresponcibte omverall for nnniroringresettlemet implementaion. The YRCC ResettlementOffice will omordinate.inspeot and superviseloca RS implementation.and acceptcotmpleted projects on behalf of MWR. Externalexperts froxm Hehui University. NcorthCaina Hydroelectric Institute. design institutes and agenciesof socialsciences will be engagedin monitoring.supervisingand assessing RSLorerAions. LAkil akencie&will receiveprofessiol directionsfrom higher levels. Apart from RSsupervisin. thesupervising agncy will als-work under the audit. financial. tax. disciplineinspecling.,price. material. communications ;nd power agenciesat higherand similar levels.. - ,- - 7 -w m aw

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AII fluM Mi *Mis@ -69 -

4.36 M*miliwringIPnivisin% in RS Palun. The constructionuf thieXiaolangdi Projeci requiresprper supervisismandn mnnilring. The resettlementcomponent will also he implementedin the sameway to euawrea high quality andproper scheduling of resettlement.to contol costs. to ensure cost-efTectiveness.and tio augmenteconomic benefis foir res*iler. and hozs.' Specialreporting ftirms will he oimpletedby resettlementpersonnel at xiangsr village level. undsubmooed to pnrvincial an municipalresesttmdent bureaus. -A copyof thesewill bc submittedto the YRCCkesettlement Office by the countyresettlement office. andendlosed in the Xisolangdiconstruction progress repoirts suhmitted by .supervisingengineers. Only in this way can resettlementoperations he monitored. and prohlemsn identirieJand qui.kly resolved. Thesefirms and correspondingwritten materialswill t- %u.inittedtin a quarnerlybasis. 6.. 4.37 YRCCwill engagequalified social scientists (tentafively. stme professorsand expens frum HebmiUniversity and NtIrth China HydroelectricInstitutel toiconductindividual evaluationsof resettlers'stioccostomic progress. This senriceaims at evaluating,.and rqrmvning tn. the level of living conditionsand social servicesof the aftectedpozpulatioin. tath hefiire and atter resettlement. The evaluationwill. e annually:and will cover farm yields. employment.education. public healthand incomesin newh -eas. restiers' ideastiin organizati.ins. lenrices and sicial pnrgressin new sites, and a sample ft'the hosts. ScViOeC0nmicevaluati'ns will he has;l tn a numberof key indicesfo r selectedhouseholds. in ombhinationwith the specialobsenratiown by the indlepndentsciial scientists.

4.38 The estimatedbudget fir RSmo nitoiring is estimated1to he Y 14millio n. andwill he financedfrnm the resettlementcompensation budget.

- * . - .. , .. - .;.-

- . 4.39 Surveilbnce MIunituring kh D10. 'he RS nkniktring pnrgramdescribed above will hereviewed periodically by theEMO. toeasure that it is pnceedingsatisfactorily. This is explained in Chapter5.

R..iltklmn Funding-andAppnopriatmn% *,r Cost

4.40 MTtal funding requirementsfior the RS plan are summarizedin Table 4.13 The resettlementcost accounts fior ratughly 30% *¶fthe XLD projct cuostbut this is justified(i) becauseof the needits adhievefair treatmenttf all resettlerand affectedhost familiesand oLmtmunities:lii) because thereis no alternativeplan fosrachieving flsk%i protectionfor the lotwerRiver basinpopulation oif ahout 100million: and Iiii) b&eausethe overallXLD pnrjectecontimic analysis shmi- anattractive henefit an cost rati).

e Camponents.. r Roseikmient 70 -

4.41 , Tahle4.7 sumnurizesthe infrastruclutcinvestmnts includedin the RSplan. This programhas beenplannedl ti ensurethat the variiouspublic sdrvics prwniJId tit the hist and resetiler :ummunitieswill heat leves at leastas gl ud as previously.Hos!t tummunitieswill heprovided khe fundls tufinance the neededpublic servie improvements..

4.42 S une quesionshave been raised aotut the e tekmmicviability ft smimeit ihe kev aspectstf the overall RS pnrgram.including the HotuheReseiwit Schemes.the Xiping Resrvlir Scheme.and the terrawing4f steephillsides. Eachof theseis being funher evaluated:but all are relativelyminoir aspects of the owerallRS plan.and thcs questinswill 4jarNlyalTect the etwimnic

-oundness of the overall RSplan. *.

4.43 Questimnshave heen rased alse havuathe reliahility of the land rectniathn shbenes aling the river downstreamto theDam. The YRCC Reconnaissancellanning and DesignInslitute has cx.:JtenLexpertisein this field *tf urlk. The land reclamationpnogram is alteadlvwell und.r way. being financed separately from XP. ; . - ;

-. . V I I..~~A. Natural Rewwurmsand Ardhaglicl Relik*' *

4.44 Field visits ' the varios RS sitesJdil dnt indicatepnrolems of adverseeffets an existing f trests. widlilje. *wr*ah.r naturalrm urce%.This is beause the areasimnolved are 2lready heavilypspukaled.

4.45 The field visits andconsultation will archeologicalexpens did nol find evidence*if any archeoigial reliesuhich would he etfeci by the RS plan.

AgreeM.eit tk-weeaaRtsa,ttkhtwmt Nnna Parliiidpsd,m -V. 4.46 A ritical aspect of the overall RS pnrgram is timely prnaurernef: *f written agreemenmsbetween the variousagen6ies parnicipaing in the preq'ram.froitn the highestti the kwest ILvels. This programis underwan aml discussed ah.ve xn shawnin TableA.1 and Figure 4.2.

Ra%milenkennOu,rviru and Ris.6

4.47 The siluation*n remhttlemenLriLss nm!vhe sumufritnel ;aslilleows:

(a) Reaitkniaal Plannizag - 71 -

Figure 4.6: EXsIriNc. J0IIS ORl Lve..IuHlItS lk XP Rusmxrr£.iE:w

Fermer with Crop and Animal HubabndrV Sadeles arnd nrcomes Tenmporay Work 14058S AWicultural Sideline AGRICULTURAL people: ACTIVITIES 15684301 - labourers Agricultural NDrn*ugCUtural Sidlinr IVIllage Registered Enterpruel 145757 people: 153501) kbourera Temporary Woker 1213211 Ilactwrm and nmneal

NON Contract Township Enterprise 1214SI AGRICULTURAL ouerr 15171)erpe 130251 ACTIVITIES Non agrulrwral Factories & Township Enterpries 1328 18951 Regtered 17212 Mines 5214 People: 130831 County Enterprmss 38116121871 11 162711abourrs Xwn%Adnanistratoars and Third Esiato8382 175201

Other

lil All geneal RS planning'attivities have been c mpleted.. YRCC has heon the lead agency ;ir this with input fnrm prtivineial givtnvrnments. special institutes and resetlement aencies frttm pr.ivinecid tit omnumvIaels.

6ii) It is ntnw timely: lal hi transfer detailed RS plannin andm impl.mentatitin resptinsihiliiiestit the pnwinees and hteal zSvernmens.including detailed agreemenm:ib) itt develtypdetailtWl RS impklemntatiinplans and suh:duleksl;tr villageshelisw El. 180In: icit' :s.lntinueamending and imprtving RSplans fiir vill:.-es andtowns litati;iJ betweenEl. 180and 275 m; and (di itt increasethe level *f public ouinsulatitinand in integrateit with the planningdleeisitin and

prtae,ss.

ilhi RmuZtk-lnt Ft.nsJilitv

Iil Resettlementimrlelnenlaliutn planning ftir the dam site ctinstruiiin imne is alrealv utimpletkd. Mtailed KS planning is prL:celing just aheadof

imrlemnenta:siin. - 72 - (ii) Resutlementlej%ibilitv planning bleuw El. 18()m is completed:anid detailed village:KS planningis underw av.

liii) Resettlementfeasihility planning fiur El. IRO-275m is finished.hut allernative scenariosstill ne:ld investigatkinas contingency plans. Financing f;r resettlement.panicularly in the critical counties tf Xin'an andJiyuan. requires funher review. discussionand hasicagreement amitng all coincernedlevels of government(especially the l4cal level).

Iiv) The ranking iofcotunties hy.difficulty is as fIllomws: Xin'an ImssI dilicul.)>

Jiy,uanCitv. Yuanqu. Miianchi.Mengjin. Pinglu. Shanxian.Xiaxian fleat C difficulti.

(v) Xin'an recommendeJa resettlement scheme in which 20 percentat! theresettlers were Inohe locatedwithin thecounty. and 80 percentmnved to Wenmengtanand IrtGi6;da&i tw-nstream;cmiiies.This schemeis fe.i;ibleithni!aDv. sociallvand

- -- eewonomicallv-rHKwever. its successfulimplementation requires that YRCC makes-readv the -river training--works-ahead tot schedule.that proivincial governmentpnqprl3 cootrdinatesthe so:ioeLonomii: relaiim'ns hetween resettlers and hits:communities. and that c untv resettlementoflices undenrakeintensive vet-rkamonm NOt reetiler andhost c.mmunities.

i'i) .Acording tat Jivuanresettlement scheme. 70 percentof ihe resetlerswill he miatednear o r :hack' (awt%a frormthe reservovirperimeter within the csuntv. and10 percentwill he mouveJto Weumengian.Apan t rom this. a potential existsfor industrialanid agricultural resentlement. Tle schemeis technicall. stociallyandI ctcnlumicallv feasible.

*viii Yuanquprmpose% tso locate all resttlers within its bound;ar. and ma'%twill pt fit the HouheIrriganiun Scheme. As listLe in the capital coinstructionplan *if %tWSR. this Reserveiris assuredlinvestments. Suc esso1f the Schemedepends uponthe eompletioin ofl the Reservoirand the developmenttif its henefitsas Itanned. Sincethe teasihilitq designindicates the pruiect henefits will he realiied as intenkled.the resetlemnentscheme is leasiblefrom the technical.

*. - socsial-andecinutmic pitinL% of view.

(viii) WVithmu're farmland per capiuttt sharewith resettlers.Nlianchi and Mcenjin will proerly licate all their resettlerson lanJ within their territories. The - 73 -

schemeis numrefeasihle compared with thoseoif the abive-menionedthree counfiCs.

fix) With lessthan I percentof their caunty tital ptopulationattected. Shanxian. Pingluand Xiaxian will locatetheir resettlersinternally by mokvingthinm ha ;ck (away) from the reservoirperimeter within the sameaiang or village. Being simple in technologyand implementation. this schemewill isc lerssimpat tin the countv's resourcesand er4onomy.

Ic) Risles. The fiullowingresettlement risks have been identifiedand shouldhe considered during RSplanning and implementationdecisions:

Ii) Timing ol landd eveltipmentof Wenmengtanshould he further consideredalter the Dam pnrject is completed. Cetain cost sources and schedulefir downstreamworks have to be fuhrter determined:and lhcal governmentsn led toidemarcate boundaries between shared land. It is critically significantton make surewhether this site is adeqduateto supptrt resettlementfrnm El. 180tn 265 m.

(ii) Lical governmentfunding may not he available in time tir investin,, in industrialenterprises. Whether these enterprises can' be rebuilt or relocatedin time will affliecresettlem' emplotyment and eco noimic incotmes. If the enterprises are posltpned. the economicburden wtouhldfall 'disproportionatelyon theresettlers.

s(iiii) lThedownstream (Kaifeng. Zhnmgmu and Yuanyang) solution proposes to utilize Z>>''-'> nmarginallands that would he hrought up uz agroimomicstandards through depositionof river silt.: Whilethe technicaland economic rationale of thisland improvementtechnique has beenestablished in other situatioins.the social acceptabilityof relocatingup to 200 km distanceaway'from the Resenrvirarea *shouldbhe examined.

(iv) At ptcsent.50 percentor mnoreovf household income of resettlersmay come frlntl neonagriculturalsources. The ability of propose nonagricultural emplyinmuntbt sustainthis incomelevel has'yet to he dlemnstrated.

(v) - If theresettlement Cost estimates are too lo w during RS implementaitonin terms otfquantitv. unit valueoir the RScompensation funds' purchasingpower. these ctost estimates will have to he readjusted quickly. If the goivernmentcannot - 74- guarantetresettlement financing. project activities will have to be suspended. therebyplacing an economicburden on resetlers.

(vi) Offsettingthe many negativ$risks is * positive one. A high prortion (in excessof 50 percent) of resettlemnit tasks can be carried out by local manpower.This manpoweris available,and is priced low.

Environmental Laws

4.48 Tables 2.2 and 4.23 sumn....:.izes information on Chineseenvironmental laws. applicableto RS andin compliancewith those in RSplanning. - .... :

Summaryd Evalualion

4.49 The overall RSplanning worL to daterepresents a remarkableeffort in developing an effective RS plan for a nrjor dam and reservoirproject in China and is a truly pioneeringeffort involving a multitude of detailsand complexities. lhe RS planningand preparationsseem wdl under way and in hand. Assuming supportfrom YRCC andthe otherparticipating governmentagencies will continue to be supplied as planned, it may be concludedthat the overall RS programis reasonablywell in hand. Nothing of this complexitywill ever beperfect; but it tnay be concludedthat the RS planning progressand future expectationswill meetboth governmentand WB needs.

4.50 This includesanention to specificenviromnental issues involved in the overall RS plan. The situationon theseenvironmer.tal issues is summarizedin Table4.14. It indicatesthat all issues appearto be reasonablyin hand.

D. ARCHIEOLGICALRELlCS

4.51i eause ;he Yellow River runs through the region that is called the 'Cradle of Chinesecivilization, archeologicalrelics are plentiful throughoutthe river basin.especially in the main populationand farming areasof the middleand lower River reaches(Map 7). Althoughthe densityof culturalrelics is much lower in the gorgeArea where the Dam and Reservoirwill be located,a detailed archeologicalexplortion, classificationand salvage program has been undertaken to locate,recover and protectinporant undergroundand surface relics and culturaltreasures in the inundatedarea. To date, work hasfocused in the areaof knownand importan:sites, andpriority hasbeen given to thoseareas below 180 m, which will be flooded first. Tnere will be moretime availableto completeihe required work in the host areasand the inundated areas at higher elevations. Tabe 4.14: SUmmARYow bvmobarAL RuvizWwonP.Urn

lam-S1b_ ..JLI2JliI * IhKmUEarUI 9a .t U to_ mnj.l m1a j ,nJAWIs I 3s *g Sen wa*n a" NakmW Son II _M teste Uw tug mitn te

-I~~flj3J*5 4- 4.2.2.5.1S IS l.3.2.4 a 4.5.1&I I I. _

Ua"EI M.SsI.etai O 4 321.1, II0 h ot i 4.1.3.1.1 U - - bae1_vd Na z _e iI IS1a. i I11 eI Ua 15

i.i _t uLA . e_.5.. *_ 4.1.1.3.4 - _- _1_.J4 16_-tO11ZIt 5 14

0fe.isee ,~ 4... , , 4.... 29M., *S 10 / .11

I I:I 9 4 15 lied.t ,"19Se_1 tFtS I 4..2.5.- -§ ...... , I ' - - : *fd V 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 15

BaIrn_$-huub _iaZ tv~ r~I ~~ *tU_tI ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~3336P- 4 0 -i .... 34 g.bgd.Uaiedl.im 6m"4 m f"aUaapU 344.5.d.3.h we3.p. if.5.31I 4.3.2.41,, - 76 -

4.52 The ariosustaskls. carriedl out It date.and the schedulingftir thoseplanned as pan tif the overall program.are summarzed in Table J.7. which also outlines the typesof relimchein, salvagedand c specific salvageactivities required. Figure 2.3 illustratesthe administrativeand mcinitaring s4stem fi'r implementing the cultural relics prmgram.

4.53 The mustimpnrtant undaergnundrelics and sites incude the Yangshaa and Longshan relics .f the New Stone AEe plus other city sitec.to mbs and kilnc of the Shang Dynasty. Impornant surtace relics include carvings. statues. temples. notttisand buildings from various dynasties. including the Tangdi Temple in Henan Pnivince.

4.4 In order to be sure all imprtanm underground relics have been located. sufficient 29 explorarizinhorings were made in the prikritv areas. This is particularly urgent at the dam site and in the inundatitin area below El. 10 m. The EIA team. together with their gSovernmentcounterjarts with expernise in the subject areaLwill monitorthe salvage and tiuration*of these archaeolo,ic relics. The *.verallhudget fiurthe archeologgicaldetecciin and salvage program is Y 17 millimn including Y 2 millitn for exploratory borin,-s. Y 13 millinmfar excavation and Y 2 million for relOcationand reconstructia. Thc archeological relies prnYection program is on schedule. and all critical tasks will be competed within hudget and according ti; plan.

E. Ptuc HEALTH

4.55 The EnvironmentalStudy Area has public health concerns. e>imially cxmmunicable di6eses, which pvkiesignificant problems if pnxoctive measures are not undertaken. A swmmary of the findingEs*n communicablediseases in the reservoir area is provided in Table 2.'.

Situ;tien in Study Area- - -

4. 5f6 Map 4.1 shows the existing siuation with respect to comrIunicable diseases in the Xiatlan.-di Reservoir vicinity: and Map 4.2 shows the situation in irrigatedl areas. The prevalent communicabledisecses cotmmton in the study area inclhide(a) maria. (b) enceihalitis. (c) hemorrhagic fever. (d) brucellosis. (e) paragonimiasis.and (I) sanitation-relatedenteric diemses including,dysentery. hepatitis and ty-phoid. The Xiaolangdi Priject could significantly increase Lhe hazards of malaria_ encephalitis. heamrrhaic fever and eqteric diseases. lieuith Effects of .liaolungdiProject

4.57 The XPwill markedly changethe hydr logy of the Yellow River thnrugh the creation o f a reservoir. and providingan opportunity f r increasedirrigation tf the sumrunding and downstream -77 - agriculturalareas. Thesechanges will imrpnrethe conditionsfier vector-borne d.eass suchwa malaria and enephalitis. and t;r communicahlediseases such as d)sentery. hepatitis and tvuphuid.This is particularlytrue tir the areaanrund the reservoir'and newly' irrigated agricultural lanls. Inund Wionof the rc,enrvoirarea will alsntirce themacc ou*-migration *of disase-bearing rats. almu'scetainli resulting in an increasedincidence of hemorrhagicfever in the sumrundlingarea and populatiion.Furthermre. the influx of constructionworkers will inereasethe risk oftxth insect-borneind sanitation-relatedtemeri; d6leasesin the vicinity ot' the cn%truction and host areas. It is essentialthereflore to ensurethat public health prawrini. includii.g vector cintrol and sanitation.are well pianned. aujequatelvfunded anJ effctively imple:nented. Thc overall hudput fterplanning and implemenLationrof these pr.gram:vwill hb ab.ut Y 4.2 million.

4.58 Fl1epublic healthvectar control and sanitatitin programs tti be implcmentedhv XP are described below.

Iahunna

4.59 ConstructiunSinge. During the onstruction phaseof the XP. mnWicdlscreening of constructionworkers ft'r carriers*if malaria(as well astither contagiousdiseas.). andLroutine spraying -f ionstnjction site huildings ard hbrecxdin=areas it sontrl monquitoesWil havetAt he undertaLen. It is recommendedthat mksquitoacrntrl b. carried ouutusin,, BdrJIIwlsthud tigen3ii rntrdr ixrdlirnsis(litit which is a hiological alternativseit chemical inscticides. -Bti is a highly selectivecointrol a;ent. and will nlt accumulate in the fitrldchain and threaten nontargetspecies. The recommendledpuhlic health and disea:scontrnl woirkis ,ummariredin Table 2.8.

-.. ^14.6U G nstnrfticen and Operaliun StegtC Dis.ase rresentitin tu' he undenz- 6enbhoth the reservoir and irri0ation areas osmpriscs peridlic medical achckso.f the aftelted -.orulationto determinemalaria incidence.and preriodicmoinitoring of poktentialmosquits breedingsites fi:- a2ipheline larv;et} dleterminethe nee l I.r specialcotronl measures. Speci;alco.ntrol uuill inc:ludleasr,a in: to control aMiphelin: larvae. hahit-Lamndtificatistn where q.s-t-elfective-and medical preventionand treatment pronrams. -Table2.9 provides further details. '

Fncephalitis

4.61 The encephalitis.ontrnl prirram is similar ttothat for malaria. exceptthat disfeirent mrnsquitospeci.s are involved. Tahic 29')prviides furtherdetails. - 78 - Ilhorrhagic Fever

4b62 Rats are the principal vwetorsof hemorrhagic fever. The prevention and control programnto be implementedat boiththe construction and operation stages consists of:

(a) delineation of the zone around the reservoir (the control area) where the rodent density is expected to increase after inundation:

(b) destruction of rdems in the area inundated prior to inurdation; : ; -

(c) monitoring rodent desity and the incidence of hemorrtagic fever in the control area in the year prior toinundation: and

(d) monitoring the control area after inundation. and applying roent control and medical ratment as required wherever rodent density andlor disease incidenceincreases.

Details of the program are summarized in Table .10E

Simnitation-Realed EnterwcDisaes

4.63 Construction Site. Enteric disease willbe controlledby hygiene. provision of clen water and adequate sanimtationfacilities a the construction skie. Ih involvesprovision oif safe drinking water with a positive chlorine residual .of 0.1 mgJI. of adequate managememof human excreta. and of adequate drainage.

4.64 Contract documents will require construction contractors to comply with these 2 provisions as shown in Table 4.18. 'Me EnvironmentalManagement Office nillmonitor the cwntracor's cimpliance.

4.65 - Resettment Areas. The resetlement areas will have to he provided dean water and adequate sanitation facilities in the host areas and villages for controllin emeric diseases. le cost of proviring the required facilities and services including safe drinking water, adequateexcreta disposal. adequateirainage. and additionalhealth clinic facilities is to he borne by the resealtementprogram. Table 4.15 illustates the water quality standards that must he meL The Environment Management Office (EMO) will monitor resettEanent operations to ensure these public bealth and sanitation measures re follows: 79-

Table 4.15: NEPA STAFMA OF WATE QuALrr FORDotwESnC USE (1990)

-I'-m Stamndard

rvindex Color Unde IS-, and peculiarcolos shall be xclduded bluddine Bow S' Fumc and smell Free of any pecular fume or smel ;- .*.-. Visiblesuspended iutera Free et such s ua

Chenical Index PH 6-543 Total hardnm Behr, 250 mg/lite hun Beow 03 mgniliter Manganse BdOw 0.1 n3glliter Copper . Below 1.0 ng/liter zinc Belos 1.0 mglitew Volatile phenol Below 0.002mgliter Syntheticamio de _rgn Below 0.3 mg/iter Tg*ic Index- Fluoride Bdow 1.0 mgiter; O-51O mg/liter is allowable Cyanide Bedow0.05 mg/ier - ArsAsenic ' Bdeow0-04 anglliter Selenium -... Beowt0.0l Ungi-ter *Mercury . - Beow 0.001 naglte Cadmihm Below 0.01 mg/liter Chromiumi(6-valence) Below 0.0.5mg/liter LAad Below 0.1 mgoller - QlDsacteriocia-ne

Total amount of bactera Ls tn OOIGhter(water) Colon Bacus Swm Lecsthen 3/liter --->- Free rsidual chlorine No lss th 0.3 mg/lite whe eqosed for 30 niute if entra water supply systen is used,it shall he no It than 0.05 ng/er at outlet-, while 0.3 mglAiterhas to hemet wbh water is relesed out of water orlis.

Note Quaty of water supplied decentrally shell met the tohc tinde provided for in he list above. If thr other indes caLut be me at the time being,asuoites concenedshell ever .case. the water quality by arousingthe peopleto launchpattic bealtb rampans to improve the environental sanitation, and by effecbve msum for water trectmerLt

.-Somce HygwmcitSandaifor Potabe Wafer TJ20-76, NEPA, 1990. - 80 -

F. OtnlEu F ko1R(oNM1ETALINSWE

MI's eriLcs

4.6t- Because£f itsVCer high silt cintent. the YellouwRiver hmsnever been a %ignifiican nat. ualfilherv in its freshwater reahes. In the past.there has been a valuable fishcr in the e.4uar and coastal areas. which was deendent tin fresh water and nutrientc praividedhb the river. Aldk'ugh there are ittleavraiable data i'nthis fisherv.the available infionrationsuq,gesms that its imptirtanchas declined give. the past several decades. The presentsituatiltn ic summaried bellow..

4.6- Ririvine Fishery. AlthnuShthe Yellow River is a majtir watercourse,it Ms never heer of %i,nificanceas a fishery resource simply because the river is much 1kmmuJdd its suppon anv significant commercial puupulatinsncf tfish. Addititinal problems include exuremely lsw ftiowsin s"me Wears.increasing lkels tf pollution, an changes in flkiws.an scouring suubsequemtii the con.truction (fir5=nm.ctxia Dam. As a result- the number of families depediiig ain the riverine tiLhcryliir a livelihodJ in the reaces belowihe hXiaolan_-edi Dam ha heedi relatively small. and the catch per unit eftnrt appear lti hitve declined steadilv-since the J950s (Table 4.16). --

Table 4.16: Fisil Calr t 11 MN-IFN Surno? ta Tnl. YiHImD RIvER

De.ades Catch a predominant species Information sources

1'- 50s About 3.0-3.5 tons fishlboat/ Engineers from Eenan Aqua- year; carpr predominated; culture Bureau typical year is 1957. 1970s Statistics 1973-75: -about Professor Qu Wenyuan- Henan 500 kg fish!boatlyear; carps Teachers University a.edo:nina:ed; fe: full-tj.me -'~ :!shermen 19SOs No full-time fishermen; no Henan and Shandong Aquaacul- information about f:sh -rtch Tur- q.ro-:- in the channel- -

4.68 lIven in dhetlwns anJ cities alore the river. the large majorin *i the pipula tin are occupiedin fill-ti-ne ;ariculture and titherland-hased ursuits. on!' 2 perzent mofthe pipulation is engaged in tishing. antlthis is tin a pan-time basis. The praduativitv.if thc nitural liNhen i sat,.mall that official statistics are n,it Lert. Since the XI' nill. in tazct result in increa%.c-ouI flo'. anJ Ie.-% turhiJ water during certain perinds *f the vear tl:igure 4 7j. it is n.t liely- la, havc a si!nili;dn adrese impacttin the-existing freshwater fshery. The impact. if significant. :.hauldbepksitive.

-1 . % Itgure 4.7: FUE Jams (K Lm F XF R - ENr

FarmrsF wih Agrcuhral Crop and Aimal Sedure and Regtered - Husbafdry InOme Temporry Work 111336 peple: 104148 people: (395#21laboures AGRICULTURAL Agriculturl Sidee (323954 - ACTIVITIES labouLwr

,Vdilge Ex.:cmpnse.

- - NON- TenmpraryWorkas AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES Township Enterprise Contract 14162) Labourers 171881 County Entorpse (32601 TownshtpEnterpnses Factorse & Non-A icultial 7719 (72671 M 21191 RPgitered S1 33 (190601 peopl. 1356461 Cousty Enteris 134721117731 - Xing Admistators ard Thrd Estate 26826(155621

Orhwr'

469 - Aquulture. tin the thfer hanJil is relativelv welI d upehm

-- - ~.'river. and is muichBloe impotant ut the eoanomv than the natural fishery. According Itl unul'fkial -;isi~. dthereare 441.000 mu of fishpndLi along the lower reaChes of the Yellow Rtver. an their

- s.s annual vield L aprnoximately6.6 millinmk4. This is some 5 percent uf theu rialtu ral ouiput for the same area.

4.70 The XimilangodiPnrject has the pitentiai ofsrigniftinly inqmpring opportunities tor - fhond aqumll:ure h ensurin,, a fm water supvl during the drv smeaon e ic particuar pi't.;-' fi'r exprnsion alfdiis important acntivitvin the areas near the River 'there land eleaion is below tha of the River. and wter could he easislysupplied tti the ptnds by gravity- Evaluation of the potential fir such increased .quacultureproduction would require an investmentin the order of Y 50.000 ftr the planning study a the feasibility ILvel.and an estimated additkinal Y 1.000 Per mu of pon develed This could result in a meaningtfilannual net henefit both in econt mic (a net return of Y 400Imu/yearj and social ternm

4.71 Estuarine Fishnr. While in the past the estur rqeprtdly supported an importan tf-hery- it hx%been grealy depreciated over the past century becase of decreasing river tlows into the -82 - estuay ,duc to increasing irrigaion and urban and induskrial withdrawal and to the saun resons outlined in the previous section. Increased water use now results in the river flow wothe estuary drying up from time to time; and there can be litle doubt this has resulted in serious impairment.of hbe estuarine fishery potential.

4.72 Because the river now is dried up in th dry sean in its own lower reac, the impact of XP on the esarine fishery will be positive to the extent that river freshwater flow will actually reach the estuary. This may be small. however. bce of steadily inacrasing denmandsfor abstration - :- and use of the river water for other purposes.

4.73 Comsl Fishery. For the same reasons as noed under estuarine fishery, the fishery in dte coaSl waters off the mouth of dhe Yellow River sbould not be significandy affected Ky the XP. Although there will be a considerable reduction in flow volume to the sea during the month of October, the spawning period for mosnimportant commenl speciesis between April and July when flows will not be lss than under natural conditkis and may possibly be higher.- --

4.74 New Reservoir Fshry. The Xiaolangdi Resevoir will be operated in a manner which will paemit seting out of silt and formation of arelativdfclear water body during the period frm Otober to June. Possbiwitiesfor fish produciwnin the dear water zone are currently being investigated. Becaue of relaively cold water teprau troughoui mueh of the &toher-June period.-however, it is undikely that any valuable commercil fhery will be-possibleh It may be pos§ible. with special management methods. to intrduce and dtilizespecies that wouW support sport fishing. If so. this could COntribute to the developntm of the receation and tourism potential in the area. This piutertial is to be expkord in the proposed follow-up study on the feasibility of esrablishing a recraieional operation in and aroaiu the new resevoir (see Section }1).

Water Quai-ty a 75 The results of the water quality study show that the only significant changes in wae quality pameter due to imp dwme will be (i) reduction in downstream silt conmt (turbidiy) in the dry season disccg zid (i) decrease-in dounstam water tempeature dae to storage of water during the winter period (Table 4.17). Tbe first of these will be very beneficial in controlling riverbed siltation in the Iower reaches. Mhe predicted decrase in water tempeature of approximately 4.1 C is not expected to have ny adverse effec on crops duringthe irrigation season. This is because crop irrigation experience in the area with groundwater. which has a tempaure about 4C lower than the surface water, has shown a significant change in crop yield.

: , ; .: - 83 -

Table 4.17: WAlTx T:iMrmETuRE. IN LO'4ER YFlAwnv RIvER AlTERCPROJCt= COSTRuctniON

_inum _ w am_ T_ J ha Mw ^P me l A SW O lii

GA 13 la*J J: Nu. 1u. 30: 4 2S an 3A 37 o.1 : a di 4A . NIFS.? W cis 21A MA W7 -Usg *.1 i

o~S .ii . -: 27 13A I"3 233 wS 3 -_W.3 ISA gm 3.3 C.2 -Z3-e -32 73.9*[7 :14 2>3S 2a.3 S5A 9*J .~ ~: ~~~~~~:-. 3 1.: * s mu 2!: I 13322~72~3 313 *e 2. -32* -* *:14 : 1''3 35 23 XT 3. 23: A3 NA =b _ s s | ' * : l~~~~~~~~~~13.118,1 :1-1. 'Z7 L3 1. WA NA :J1,

3, MS _ M Las 2. 7.: 33 =2 =A M9 :.B -.I- 13A4 *J 2.7

0~~~~~a _sI l 072I -L _ 2-S Am r *UB_X23 _ P_

4.76 Taking account of the findingson water quality. the necessary monitoring program (Table 4.18) will include: periodic monitoring for temperature changes (once per month). and periodic complete mineral analysis of the downstream river water at several established downstream staions. Monitoring of these wiU be done three times per year. once during each of the periods of minimum, average and maximum river flow. Analysis will include all najor caions (Ca. Mg. Na. K), all major anions (HCO,. SO.,. a. NO) as weil as pH. temerte,. and silt content and turbt In addition, once yearly analysis will be made of-dte reservoir, riverbed and estuarine sediments to monior accumulationsof nondgradable pesticidesand of toxic heavy nistas mined in the upper river basin.

4.77 A specil study Will be carried out to detemine the extent of reservoir clearing. which might be required to minimize conuammationof reservnir waters subsequent to the flooding of' contamrnatedareas such as sanitary. hosital and industrial wase disposa sites.

land Acortin in Coastai Area

4.78 Due to the deposition of sediments at the mouth of the River, the delta increases in extent by some 25-30 kmTeach year. Witb dte constucon of the Dam nd the trapping of sedimenn, this process will be slowedto some extent. Tbe InternationalPanel of Experts has evaluatedthis impact as follows:

- Tbe rate of land. ceition at the river mouth area depends mnainlyon the sediment volumes pssWingthrough Ljin. Before construction of the Xiaolangdi Project, the annual sediment lbad would be about 0.S x 10stons at Lijin in the year 2000. -After completionof the Xiaolangdi Project. the reservoir will retain 10s 10xtons of sediment and get a benefit of deposition redution of 7.8 x 10" 7'c{= ;'- ltonsat lower reaches in 51 years. that will result in a reduction of sediment load of 2.2 x 10' tons coming to the estuarine area. But in the period of sediment -4 -

10bh 4.18 WArn Qg*rAy tMoru u,

1. Sc uw f d ca< 0 sman.a ad ZLrnIL sesta Ulu be as c iMP ckbm miatom, =Id S beag asseum '.U be e.tabLlabd em m.semzvf tzlatsa6 a 2-1-Ug xcatl 4w inc wil be %ind fec rn=UG wtUSr _ua1ty d&Owmnz vd Ss tbm

2. mmsmzSa mccLersusto onibS wt _USES- co) UmainSZsd of wao emam-byWE MIb IumSIUrn be umUSd ilUm3 t w ___ _lly 0 ..apadmL la"lePi, veims -S2 =:.daUL=~7Mtea= parngal,A2 am2 30,ID =D VMMLesmimie of Md Aim. Weva %me. C3 CLa_ 30;t'.. Ce.M* at cG. Ur. r. me.in_" of wmla< 1 qadd.. aodm" eiz-wAlin ab9aam.W tca m,p.o ld admrny.v - of mlSffn bmtaula, a tatal of -

Cb) of b U _wru.tac.e.

3. Nowrnsyof rnomitafg To tabeel a emg =memi.c a monao pat 2mm"aaUm

S. 1_ *i1 s _ aw Ib U__.

~Jetentionmif Xias'Iainzi Rescm*-air.the '.W~imem,imnenlrjitu.'n ,irjinrxd IIsm% along the 1i'wer Tri.hes~ Will teeIcs'. thin th3z inl the:nsurd ,13ndition-l S6.. rilucng %Wcin%=mIcio at rive~rmouth in 450 L-- s'niv anoumm;2 x O tws aphstt 5wN-r,e:nt orf11uts .WiL*wlmLnl'j running its the c.lu~an arca 'A"ithutm X-im4zn;dipro,je1. The infigeiwe&sn the ,%c.imentatii.'at nvLr: mouath due it, ,Xiausbndi Pt'ct i, quite %mrnztI

Rcm.arw'%to be Inundaledwsh*s11|ulut !; rc.ntwzlient 1.|a3rer"int c uhtvate- law in

4.7'1) The airca tat he inunt u M1~ i~mr.approdjnLsteh-I 27S kun' anu will afes :fadISa:ing tlimneti4mr 1&11.tiK muhit tfarnLsndi 4.1n;iud of the bd in the studv area). 9.7 percent of the fi.rest lind. 12 pereent of the Itrage land. 13 percxnm*f the barren lands and 10.6 percent of the pkinhWinthe study area. The infractructure tLUhe displaced include: 173 villages. numersus small industrial an mining enterprises. 12 smaI power stations. 267 irrigation pumping statins. 658 kIm afirrioa canals. 688 km of highways. 548 km of acmmunication lines, and 4.59 million an of housing.

4.80 Reservoirformatitn will inunmdeseab!ededposimofmineral relurces includingoval. hduxite. inn sr'fur. gypsum. pho".phorw%.anmg CoAlt The locationsrof these are shown on Map I'.

-i:--- : Th,- unl gtentiallvsignifinzmIgi% warid he coal sin -m- 332 million tons w%illhe submergel under the Resermoir. However. behause the oal lies t.encath impermeable sha4eWstrata.some mining At it will remain feasible afier inundationn

Landslides in Resenrvir

4.81 The total volume *ofearth subjet ton sliding tr caving-in in the resenroir area is relatively small. ahuut 105 millio n tts llver an area of alut 5.6 knr. The principal areas .f csncern are between Hedi and Lingshangvill nea theBanjian River. as well as on the south bank *f the river approximately4 km upsmreamoif the Dam (Map 15). Althoughihank-slumps nd sidLesare espeted tt ocuwrotm time to ime in these areas. no significant impactsare loreseen because the danger areas have beeDwell identifiled-nd there will be nm village dkse ensugh to he aifected. The freeboard height o f he Dam an the Dam-itself have been esigned ttn reist the range of wave heights gm would he g,nrtd bv the maximumpredicted landslide intoithe Reservoir.

*, *~ * .a

<;4-82 ~ The entire peripher of the Reservoir is signitizantly higher than the reservoir-high- water level: and enerallythe getumorphtiuagicaldracteristi%N are such that seepage will not occur.. The n to this is aWonga thin ridge ahut 2 km north tf the Dam. In this area, the design clls fir grout urtains plus adequate drainage ts eliminate anv pktential secpage pnrblem.

Reservoir Area CI2arinai

4.83 - The laws tif China require that new resenroir areas- must be cleared tto prevent subsequent cintamination uaf the xreervroir wzter when it is tilled, and the pnrject hudget includes an amioum-ofY 10.8 million ftorthis purpoxse.-It has beersuggested. homWeerjthatco mplete dearing may PA*be necessay.-. It is pssible lthat soime sourees of oaninatikn mav be qupikly buridl hy the extrmely coarse silt deptsits anticipated in the resenrtir. and that hazardous materiaLsso coweredshould be rendered harnmlesswith respet t their potential fir contaminating the supernAant wraters. Materials -6 - that teid to float hetire they hecome cone cwuldhe removed by skimming Mlaterialsthat go into solution or colloidlWsuspersion should be rapidly stabilized by the water btdy.

4.84 YRCC will mandate a Chinese Institute skilled in water pollution asnessment and comrol technology to carry out a study to determine the extent to which such resrvir dearing is aully needed to prevent water contamination anm eliminate potentil public health concens subsequent to flooding. To maximize the cost effectivenessof the clearing operations and ensure adequate protction of water quality and public healthparameters. the study must consider the dynamics of the reservoir filling and oqpeation, especiallythe period whep the reservoir is scoured out to regain its water retention and sorage capacit. The study must recommend and filly justify whether the reservoir area should be totally cleared as now planned, or if it would be acceptableand worthwhile to modify the plan to reduce costs.

Rare Species and Special Habitats

4.. -a .-. .- There are a number of- rae and protected species in the resvoir and surrounding area. Tese includethe gimt swan. mandarin duck, giant salamander, otter. musk deer as well as golden vulture and other birds of prey. Waterfowl will be the only species of birds affected direcdy by the reevoir and, depending upon resevoir regulation, it is conceivale that suitable habitas wil. become available around the reservoir as they presely exist along the river banks. A minor increase in watefowl populaton may be possible. provided pres-e from hunting or habitat desuion does not also increase. Gant salamander. otter and musk deer are found in relaively remote habitats in the heada-ters of small steanms and forested rugagedterrain outside the area to be flooded, and will not be afeacd directly by the project Resenlemem is planned in urban areas. and in areas already dedicated to agriculture. Intensification of development in such-areas should not affect habitas critical to these protected speci The reservoir will t tlood any nesting site of raptors since thbe are mosty in highb . - cliffs above the reservoir. The floided area does no coiute-an irreplable source of prey for these species. -~~<

4.86 AU %aluablewetands and wildlife reserves are beyond the area affected by the Reservoir. A number of them, however. are fiourd along the downsream reaches and in the delta of the Ydlow River (Map 13). Tl,e marshlands in the old course of the Yellow River and those near Luyuq_ou are internationally'uecogized. and imnt for lrge numbers of migrating water birds As dheseare not contiguo witL the river and do not depend upon it fortheir waer supply or reguation. they should not be adversely affected. - -7 - 4.87 The existing wetland reserves in Wuli. Weifangand ShouguangCounties in thedelta will not be threatened since the Dam will reease more water in perioxdswhen tlows are typically low. and since the impact on water levels and availabilityand on coastal habitats is not likely to be significanL

Global Environmental Lisues

4-88 The XP will have a significant effect on the global warming situation in that the hydropower generaed will significan'ly reduce the rational reed for generating electricity twoir..cwal. aih is cspe.ially im,nornantin view of Cbix-s pos;tion SCthe leading coal-burning country in thc world. The generation of hydroelectricityby Xiaolan.adiwill be equivalenttO the use of 1.9 million too of cd& per annum. which would otherwisebe bured. This is equivalent to saving emissionof V6million tons of carbon dioxide which contributes to global warmin,, of 33.000 tons of sulfur dioxide which contribute. to a:id precipitation on a regional scale; and of 18.700 tons nitrogen oxide w.hich contrbutes to- photochemical smog in the region. It will eliminate the maaement of 534.000 tons of waste residues per year. China presently produces 1.90 million tons of carbon dioxide per annum (10 percerstof the global emiSSions). The XP hydropower generation will amount to about 0.4 percent of total national elecricity needs. and will reduce use of coal fur generating power on a national basis by about 0.6

G. CONSTRUTON-STAGE UIPATS

4.89 As with most-major constructionprojects. there are a host of activities posing some degreeof risk to the environment. Constructionactivity will produce some impacts on air quality; noise levels. water quality. vegetation erosion. siltation. public health and landscape. None of the activities associated with the constructionof Xiaolangdi are likely to be particularly threatening.however. and the

- -- * detailed and comprehensiveenvironnental managementplan described in Section 5 of the rrA Report w-il ensure that the effecs of the nrutine constructionaciivities are effectively minimized. The impacts associated with the influx of the wilorkjbrcewill lilkewisebe managed and monitoredas part of both the Envronmental Managemenrand Resenlemenrplans. Tle role to be played by each of the contracts in protectingthe environmentis to he spelled out in the individualcontrc as specificationson how their work is to be carried out in an envirnnmentally.acceptablemranner. The provision for environmenta! monitoring during- the construction period is particularly important .to ensure that the contracor's enviromnental obligations are being met.

4.90 Table 4.19 has been prepared to summarize the proposed action program to ensure that the constructionmethods used by the constructioncontracor (CC) do not result in unacceptablelevels of degradation during the constructionstage. As shown by the tabulation. all anticipatedtypes of hazards which could result from inappropriate construction practices have been identifiedand provisions made - 8K - ftir sunreillance*'f the CC's ativiki. toesure perrfarmane.Tbe nrile*f the EMO ibs*f critical imprtiancein this etYl;rt. le EMO mustsupplv the envinnmenmal inspectirs wh' wiill nwinikrthe CC's autivitios.VW supplkment the regul2rmnnit iring *if the CC by theconstruction inpcrpLxtrs prnwided fior suprvisihn *(' omrstructiiIn.

Tble 4L19. SllAUT OF M R w E l Pin_r SUM

lo -nti g*m w -

_ _ . .5 s kUmsm hgmMa g S.I2 S.LLI1 A - 'SA.S. -.- S.A.3J~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~, -= - Lit pa1~~~~~~ 4.&.3.32.$Wa .-2.3.1.N

SA.6 SAAA.2 S 4.

~.s.. aa.m s

3 . 5.102 S.4L22

- hualuIm_ _4GNP 54A1..2 .1.2

- -- maZ.m- S.4..L -, hignSami SWha mdtf 5.4.1.5 sr =A= af ~~mSSm~~~~~~ 534.3

i.im h SWU I Ma- S." S46246 £54.2 s Sa ~~ upaeumleaa&qa 5~~S4.2.21

11. PRuECT BENErn ;,

. ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ - - 8~~~~~~~~~~~~~9-

4.91 -The Pnject is expeaed to result in considerahleeconomic and s ciocconomicbenefts to some 70 millikn peple living downstream-and around the Reservoir area- Changes in die River hydrology resulting from the Project are shown in Figure 2.1.-whichshows the munthlyvariation in level of Xianlangdi Reservoir. and in Figure 22. shows the nxintily discharge frim the Dam at Xiaolangdi for average and design conditions. The significanceof the XP is that it will. for the first time in history. enable elfective wontrol(in combined *pration with Snmmxia and odter cantrol works already built) of the Yellow tiver in its lmwer-reaches and thus nake pssible the great benefits which are discussed beclt anDsLmmarized in Table 4..:.

*~~~ Flood Cota _

4.92 Flkod Control Benelits. The XP. ative all el.e. has the objective of achi:ving effe,.tivecontrml of fiequen serious and dangerousfloxding of the entire lswer basin occupied by some 80 million pek!e and asstciated agriculture and industry. This critical need has existed for centuries. and has progressivelyhecame mire and more crinicalas population. urbanization. agricultureand industry have all markedly increased in recent decades and as the kowerbasin's levee pnrtetion system has been made increasingly vulnerableby river siltation. The SannaenxiaProject was intended to fill this gap. but the record shows that.San_meia is far fnom enkumhand that XP is surely needed.

4.93. --- The combined fltxxd regulating peration of Xianilangdi Reservoir wish Sanmenxia. Luhun and Guxianreservoirs will lower the 1:1.000-year flaid peak to 22.500 mn'lsat Huayuankou. and enable control without using the Beijindi Detention Basin (s Miap2.2). FhorfloxoLs of onee in 100 yeams.the system will reduce the Huayuankioufltxd peak ftlowto mit mtorethan 16.000 m'ls without using the area of Dongping Lakke(see ,ap 2.2). Fltxks of 22.000 m'Is at Huavuankou can be reduced

* . to less than 1O.0I'J m'ls. which greatly increases flxo contral safety along the lower reaches and mitigates losses on floxode land. The XiMalangJdiReservoir can also efltecxivelvcit down the fldxl peak -of one in 10.000 yeas to es thn 73 m's t Huanvuankou.whici mitiatas the menwe of flood in the lovwerreaches amn-reducms the probabilityof floxid stornge typration of Sanmenxia Reseowairfrom one in 10 years to once in 100 years (Map 9).

4.94. Ttotalnet bendit of floxodcontrnol amn ice floxxlcontrol is estimatedto amoumntto about Y 3.83 billion (1991 Walue)toer a peritol of 50 years.

4.95 Flood Fewecosting and Emergqncy Response Sysaem. A pnrperly planned fltxod control system includes mnt*nly construction and operatin nof physical fltl.. control works. but also a sytem fi'r Floodl Forecasting an ad Emergency Response on what t do in the evem of an actual floxLdJingemergency. -90 - 4.96 (a) Flood Forecasting. The YRCCblood ForecastingSystem (FFS) is believedto be amongthe most advancedfor major riversin the world. Such forecsting is especiallyinporant for the Yellow River becausethe confluencetime of flows which create floodsin the lower basin. lbe HydrologicalBureau of YRCCis responsiblefor managingthe hydrometricstation network in the Yellow River basin, includinghydrometry, flood condition reporting, and floodforecasting. The overallbasin is divided into five survey area offices operatedby die HvdrologicalBureau, which, supportedby prefectural and provincialagencies, furnish the salient informationfor computerprocessing by the HydrologicalBureau. At the presenttiMItfiese communications are carriedout by use of (i) the national teleconununicationssystem, (ii) shortwaveradio transmittersand receiversat the key hydrological stations,and (iii) a three-evel radio networkfor the surveyarea alongthe middlereaches, for supporing the above-mentionedcommunications.

: 4.97 The floodforecasting procedure comprises two components.onely (i) hydrological forecastingand (ii) meteorologicalforecasting (including long-, medium-,and short-termforecasting. The medium-ermforecasdng predicts rainfall for the coming10 days, andthe short-termforecastig for

the coming3 days. - The floodforecasting, based on the-meteorologicalforecasting, is focusedon-the lower basin regionbelo* Sanmenxiaand also on floodsin the north sectionof the main stem and-the tnbutry WeiheRiver. The predictionsare for peakflows. time of theiroccurrence, flood hydrograph, volume, and -waterlevel. The forecastingprocedures for the lowerbasin include warning forecasting, rainfl runoff forecasting,,andflood forecasting. All of these makeoptimal use of computertechnology.

4.98 (b) Flood EmergencyResponse Systen. Figure4.8 shows the organizationof YRCC'sFlood Emergency Response System (F)ERS). This FIERS, whichhas beendeveloped over the past 40 years. is the resultof muchexperience over the past several hundredyears in protectingagainst flows in the lowerreaches of the YellowRiver. Thishas focusedon the salientproblem of the populationat risk i.-.o shock brigades' to combatflood emergencies. The sayingalong the channel of the YellowRiver is that 'dikes are valuelesswithout people to:affectto them' (Referncez FIood 'Preventionon LowerReaches of YellowRiver,' YRCC,1980). The achievementmade in pastdecades in combatingmany flood emergenciesnot only owesmuch to the engineeringcontribution in dikesand control gats, but equally to the people-basedforces for flood protecton, which have developed the capabilityfor organizingswifly and knowingwhat to do. YRCC ecords indicatethata completesetup has been formedfor organizationsat all tevelsto carry out the emergencywork, includinga systen of commandposts and specializedunits neededfor coordinatingthe inputsof all combatmechanisms.

-4.99 Figure4.9 furnishesadditional details, including infordiation on floodforecasting and public warning activities related to emergency flood combat opera~ . At preseL as part of the planningfor the XiaolangdiProject. YRCC. is workingon furtherstrengthening the FIERSby reorieming the entiresystem to be oomputer-based.This computerizationis of grea importancebecause of the.need .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~S

Figure4.8: OIW;ANIZATIONMRt YeLUIW RIVER ENMI6Ita(NeY FIA)XI) CONTROl. PROFESSIONALORGANIEAT IOS FLOOWCONTROl. CCUNO SYSTEN EORHANESSINC YELLOW RIVER

! 15~~~~~~~~~~~~ITA1ECOuCIcLI

.~~~~~~~~ ,I ~~~~~~~~~~ INNANO CFC.11 R

Of SHAlDNGI GII/AN DECISION SUPPORT GOaAMS

ICH IN PREFECTURES IPEFECTUESCAtIO RAINGAUGE TEC; . H~~~~~~AOCIIIES~ NOCtE5s ltO STATION tS' I^CNIN COUNTIS}HIES 111COLY4118

FLODCOTOIIIOL LEADING RO IN VYLLACES ENGINEERINGPROTECTION TEAMS

D| FLOODPLAINAND

SPECIALTEAMS FOR FLOOD PROTECTION -92 - for obtaining prompt decisidn fnrm the higher authoriry. includingthe State Council. on makingthe kinds c f difficult and painfuldecisions that must he urgOnlymale at critical nomens fkirolptimal floodl cmbat opeation, induding 'which areas to let Olod in order to pnrtect other areas with higher priority prxtection need.' This instant availabilityof a unifiedcoordinated command center is of most importance for ensuring that all agencies and all petple will be willing to work totgethereffectively. aking into account their divergence of interests that have beome incras-ingly apparent over the past several decades due to profound social changes. including intensive urhanization and industrialization.

Ice-Run Control

4.100 Ice jams in the River frequenly cause flooding and result in oss cif life and property * damage. The situation is managed now mainly by relasing water from Sanmenxia Reservir tusbreak - -? the jams. hut the capacity of Sanmenxia Reservoir ic odnlv1.8 billion m'. limiting the ability to nomrol the ice run hazard.

4.101 The cimbined ospertion of Xiaolangdi and Sanmenxia Reservoirs- will relieve, if nwt eliminate, the ice-jam and flood menace alkng the louer reaches. Tbe ormbined peamitionwill make it unnecessarv o stomrewater for ise run olntril in Sanineoxia Reservoir in 70 percent uf the years as this role can he undertaken by Xallang di Reservoir. This will reduce siltation in Sanmenxia Resseroir and increase winter energy outut of the Sannenxia hydroelectric plant.

Silt Reduction ;

4.102 The lower readies of Ycllow River aintinue to accumulatesilt, requiring higher and higher dikes with increased hazardasof breaching each yar. Tbe elYectof Xiaolan-di will he to stabilize the dowlnstreamriverbd foira period of at least 20 vears. This would defer the cost tofraising the dikes. and alloiwother solutions to he developed. The economic henffit (at 1991prices; has been esimated at Y 1.06 billion.. rrijation and Urban and Industrial Water Supply

4.103 - The irrivation ares [to he supplied hb the Xi3dulangdiRe-.ervoir are otkiharnund the reservoir itself aml doAiream along the ~o"urn..sf the River. -be areas around the reservoir totaling approximately 330.0O0mu- will help solve the resettlement prbhlem. The irri-t t* arzLs downstream will total 33 million mu. representing a large incre.%eover the 5-10 millitin mu that can he irrigated at present with the w-ateravailable fnrm the Yelivw River- Clearlv. Xiaiilan.di will remarkably improve irrigation water supply and eoniimic conditions Cur th and%sof farm tamilies. Flgure 4.9: CIIHARSIHOVINO FIAu II CoRNIRI.ACIION DE.ISHIt NS

I MiETEOR I W"/ OPENIof 1 I EWGI.STATUS IDI SASTER I INFORMATION I NIo. 01o.11111, REAI INFO.

FLOW FORK. |PILD. DANG ;1 P ED DISASTER I_ II I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~LOC.OFIN0 .I I DEVELOPMENT FORECASTING FLOWD1i11. IL. CEL. A

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ANALVSIS I SEDECIDE OD DECIDELAN FOR ANDFiCtPLSm? PClLPLANS DIEA. PREVENTION ESININIG 1A DIA. RELIEF

ENQINEEIND ECDIPLN O MANAGE.PLAN RUIN IRINa

_m V_ARNING RUSH _ LOSS DECISION WAINING ENGIN.VERA. REPAIRINO EVACUATION GENCIES ESITIMATION ADJUSITENI 4.104 In addition. the munical and indutWialdemand for water in the lower reaches is expected to reach about 3 billion mo by the year 2000. Ths can be fully satisfied by the Xiaolangdi Reservoir -The econonic benefit is estimatedat Y 3.86 billion (at 1991 prices) (see Table 4.22.

-Surfiaceand Groundwater Balance

4.105 At present industry and agriclture in some of the downstre areas ded on groundwater. Excessive groundwater pumping-is resulting in serious reduction of groundwater levels. -- Widtout Xiaolangdi, the situation can be expectedto get worse as the river flow continuesto dedline with increasing demand in the irrigation season. The XP presents the opportunity to reduce the pressure on the groundwater resources. Additionalfunding for a study to optimize water allotment will be required to achieve this result.

Electricity Gnration

4.106 The total installedcqpacity of the Xiuoangdi hydroelectric plant is 1.800 MW. with an annual average energy output of 5.4 billion kIWh The plant location is central among the cities that would be served, includingZhengzhou. Luoyang, Xinxiang. and Sanmenxia. This will be a new power source for Henan Province and will enhance economic and socioeconomic development in the region.

4.107 Hydroxpwer is a renewahle energy resource and the plant will not pollute the environment. An equivalentthernul plant would us I.9 million tons of coal annually and rease 33.000 tons of sulfur dioxide. 18.700 tons of nirogen oxide, and 534.000 tons of residue-

I. ENAVRoNiENTrALMoNrrmRiw

Enviromental Mlontoring Relted to XP Cwuponets

4.108 An essential componentof the overall environmetmalprotection program for the XP and its components is the Environment Monitoring rogram (EMP). for periodic checking on project construci6n and operations stages to ensure that these are being carried out as proposed in the projea design. Many of the project componentsinclude their own built-in monitoring actvty. for example, the civil engineering's dam safetrymonitoring. the RS program's internal monitoring program. and monitoring by Health Departmen as part of their disease control programs The purpose of the EMP. to he carried out by the EMO. is to make periodic checkups on the varios Project component eaions related to SEIs. induding their own built-inmonitoring to cnsure that the Project's objectiveswyill actually be realizedas pland. Hence. the EMP representsextra monitorg, managedby EMO to ensure this objectivm -95 - gs~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' -4.109 The EMP activities are wobe carried out bf(i) EMO staff tgether with Ci) staff of -other agencies. both within YRCC Re :onnaisana Planningand Design Insitum and other govenmental agencies. iVhen(i) is required, then the EMP budget must includefinding for die exmrawork to be done by these agencies. These relationships are shown in Figure 4. 10.

Figure4.10: EMvntoMENrAL MoQMORINGREIATED TO PROJECrCowONEW AcrvmES

|Enviror ntr.l Honxtoring ProgJraml - | ~~~ProjectComponent | manuged by END)i

Project Componenr's Jon of All Project Compon nt Own HonItor2ing OperatiLons Affecting significant Activitices. Environmental issues -

Work Done by Periodic Report 1 (sent direcly to work Done by WS,W NEPA, EPBs,- Cot;xnnat' Staff - participating (YRSC oatihter Extra END govermment government agenties] Compoent Staff agencies as well Staff Work work as YRCC)

. (B) (A)

N-te: In some cases, the envnmeal monitoring staff of EMO (Box A) will need assistance from the Project Componentstaff (becmusethey will be much more qualifiedto do such moniong effeetively at lowest cs). In this case. the EnvironmentalMonitoring bWget-should include fimding for Box B.

Summary or iroa ntal Monitoing Program

4.110 Table 4-20 summari the overall XP environmentalmonitoring program.

Beneit and Cost or En tul Monitorng 7

4-111 Environmentalmonitoring is a new lind of activiy in development project planning implementatin (tn both ICs and DCs). hence, even though theEIA may include an apprved EMP, there usa common tedency in DCs for the funding for this to be deleted during project implementaion becae many fnncial reviewers do not recognize their need or becuse of fiscal problens Moreover, over the past two decades imuchof the environmenal mondioringdone in DCs has not been effectivelyutilized so that funancialreviewers tend to regard such costs as an unnecessary increase in project overhead coss. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* -eS

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WIVIXIMddDNIUO.INOW 'IVJN N1NOUIAINIOZ'V .IquL -97 - It is therefiiren&xssary for the EMP to includeits own Benefitand Costevaluation. to showdearly that 'the prnposed rknitoring will 'make money and not lose moncy.' Estimating the benefits of die monitoring is nkstan established methodology.but estimates can be made by pntjecring the likely fute situation for both 'with monitaring" and 'with, ut mnonitoring"cases.

4.112 Using the abioveapproach, a Benefit and Cost evluation for the proposed EMP has been preparedas shown in Table 4.21.

..@^-.:. -" J. EVIRONWENTALREnI OF EcNOmIC ANALYS

Table4.22: PRWECFrECOomic AmmaISIS

Unit: 10' yuan

Net Present % of Benefits Value % of Costs Costs: Project Construction - S,964 -68.8 Resettlement 1,579 18.2 Inundation Costs - -269 3.1 Environmental Mitigation - 30 0.3 operations-& Maintenance 828 9.6 - Total Costs C 8,670 100.0 - - Benefits: Power Supply 3,704 29.6 Sediment Management 1,061 8.5 Irrigation 3,850 30.7 . -r-hr.s'- waterSupply 69 0.6 Flood Control 3,381 30.6 Total Benefits 12,SlS 100

Note: Contribution to net pre-ent value is based on - 12% discount rate.

4.113 As noitedinTable4.22. thetotal projetacst (1991) isestimated at Y 8.7 billionand the benefit at Y 12.5 billiom The purposes of the EnvironmentalReview of the Economic Analysis are two: (i) to review the distnrbutionbetween different grxups of people as related to relative affluence (will the project make 'the ridc richer and the poor poorer'?), ad (ii) to assess the impact on the prjectWs oveall benefit anrkcost rAios, which esult from including EP,Ms in the overall project as compared to not includingthe EPMs. in order to show that includingthe EPMs does nt inmair the project benefi and cost relationship.

Projed Beneficaries Table4.21: BENen1TAND COsrop EMP.

I~~ .. . 1t"mve*tF ; nt I 1" | g fIt

moloole*onitoring e r 0.7 mlillionSisamic monltorlngIs critical oachto gurantee dam mlsty. 16 case ; of damfailure the to*ta project h It ill be lost, amounting.to sea v 12.5billion plum live* of thousandsof people. the benefit ofIMF account forIt of the abovebenefit at mest,amoumt toY 0.12Sbillion. Resettlementdurviltanee V 1.1 million Vlthoutmonitoring, larper. managementwould result wd atminiu", cwe I 1 pqrcent loss of the tesett.lmenteoet, i.e., V 20 millon, Whlchwould In turnproduee a grea many soeal detrli nts ndcoaplalnts. salvation nd monitorin of v 0.2 mililon lithout monitoring, lproper managementwould case 5-10percAtt tlueof the culturat retic archeologicalvoluis, .e., V 25.50 milttlion. Insect vector andeahita Y 2.2 mliton Withoutadeute monitTring,sanitation nd epidemic benofIts wouldsuffer a tion loss of V 21.6million ! Nydrological, edileAt, r 7.6million (11Monit;ringwill reMlt. optimilzd pratlon of the reservoir, khich rep water quality andmateoro resents5 percentof the total project bofit, anmting to I 10all- logIcal monitoring lIon/years (2) withoutImonitoring euce;sive water pollution wouldoccur and : 0.76 bililon wouldbneeded to control uchpollution. Monitoringwill provide tlmely controf for pollution. Monitoringbenfit to about10 percentof hat Icneded for cbntrol, reachingr 76million, I Envirornmntalmnitorlr of r 0.5militon Monitoringbenefit Isreflected In the abo Items. In ddition,-without corntruotion sone onitorlng, ontractor maycause lote of problem In complaintsfrom workers aWresidenta In the area. lecervoir clearring r 0.1 illion Deficientclearing may Ja/rC l affete project operationdue to debris nd 10percent of cllnelog1cost wit be lost, Ie., V 1 milion. Overallmonltorlng for en r 4.7miIlIon (1)to optimliz environmntalmnagnt throughelltroukd evtluatlon( (2) virormntel mmauent to mge/guldestudles of followup environmentalenhncmnt easuresso thesebenfits will be'devlopedas soon am possiblei (3) to keepall Inter- estedngelcoee Inforwm.on anyevidenc* of unacceptobleleveim of environ mntal degraation wndionproposed correction * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~theme. mssuresard on the urency ef

.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... _

:., % **' ! . .. *. Y 'i; hE@,;i.. :'~!K*; sts! . 4 -99. 4-114 As emnphasizedearlier. XP is. first and primarily. a flood protection project with dhe objective. for the first time in history.of protecting the lower basin people (now about 100 million) and rd;ed agriculue. settlements,and industryfrom frequet devasuting flooding. This protecton applis equally to all people in the lower basi.'-

4t115 Thbcsecond main benfi of XP is irrigation. This is dedicated to improving dte fivelioods of the rural poWaionL The third major benefit is hydropower. and while this will go mainly

t .- urban and indcitrial use. these uses are wide distrihutedamong a!l popuLlion affluence levels in the

- -~* sense ha the rural poor who move to cities need jobs in industry and need derrification of their homes.

4.116 'Tbe toal XP beneits will thereore be well shared by the nonaffluem populationin the lower basin.

Impact or EPbis on Project Benerit and Cat

4-117 Thecomparison isas fillows:

(a) Tol pjt ast with EPMs -. Y 87 billion (b) Toal cost of EPMs - Y 0.2 billio (C) Toal project cost widwut EPMs Y 85 bilion (d) Tol projet beanfts withPMs Y 12.56iwn (e) Total project befits withot EPMs Y 113 bill1on (f) Overal beedia and cost with EPMs Y 1.44 billion (g) Overall befdit and as witho EPMs Y 133 billion

K. COmANC WrmHENvIONMENTAL LAWS

4.118 Tables 4.23 has b prepred to summrize the environmentallaws and regulations of PRC dta apply to XP. and to indicae how these have been duly considered and complied with in planning of XP. This refers to additional informationon laws applicableto RS as shown in Table 2.2.

L PuBuc PARnCIPATION

4.119 Of the various eanvironmentalissues included in the EIA for the Xiaolangdi Dam and Reservoir Project on tle Ydlow River. the questio of public participai6n is critically important for the issue of resettlement (RS)- For this reason. the RS Team, in deveopingthe.RS pln bas given pardcuar atention to ring the opinis and wishes of the affeced resenler families and of the affected host communities. in most developing muntries(DCs). the RS planning is carried out by fie Project Table4.23: Comn'Atmcwrm IIRII4AAWSAND RDGUIAToN (Seealso Table 2.2 (at IasreuMln on zuetlnea) Lfegl vepLatlme Ielawma£8esiee of 31A Mrsomos?ie*euS Lw PMoaf I?R.iuU"alea Se 10 pifuse.to tome£56ml lapit tU.liUUsLw to"M"

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a. . If .1 ,..~~~~~~~~~IS 4 ~~*~~~~ ~ .* ~ ~ o vawo - 101._- Proponent. tngether with the responsible government agencies. with the assumption that grernrmne -officals give adequat consideration to the real needs of the affectal villagers. The experience of the DCs in genera has sown that this Ls not enmugh.amn that the RS planning procs must include some direct consultation with the affected villagers.

4.120 For the reasonnoted above. the XiaolangdiPrnjecCs RS Team's wtorkplan included prnper and direct consultationwith the affected villagers. This includedasking resetlers fnxmhoLsehold to ho;useholdfor their preliminarsopinions on resettlement destinations. The number of htnuseholds

-F interv;ewedwart .prbxici:elv c percent *f the asfected villager families ib the reservoir area to be i_unilated. In addition, about 5 percet of the affected familiesin the host communitieswere interviewed. The results served as a valuableguide in formulating the detailed RS plan. -

4-121 The workiplan also included numenius dicusions with gowernmentofficials at the village level as well as with ofticials at the higher twinship. county.prefecture. provincial. andnational levels. Thus. the RS plan as developed is conskideredto be a 'mi1t of inputs from all levels. bomomto top and top tt bxttom. indludingadequate considerationof resettlers' -wishes.In preparing the RS plan, the guidingprinciple has heen to ensure the affetedl resetlers that the housing residential facilities and work facilities are being planned to ensure a standard uf living,at least equl tts their withoutproject citions and, in addition. to ensure them to sharein the overall projectbenefts.

- - -: . : '.;, -- , . .: j_ - 9- - - 4.122 To ensure that the levels of improvements and awnpensation to be carried out in proje;t impJementationthe RSplan includesformulation and execution of written agreents with the loa officials concened,including the village levl. Also, continuingmonitoring will be carriedou** to

* . checkon dtis. includingperiodic swrveys of interviewsdirectly with the affected-population. Oneo f the functionsof the EMO will bet o ensurethat all theseprovisions will acally be implementedas planned:

4 123 In theprcenss of resetlementimplementtion. acce toLresettlement offirces at variu levelsand departments for public acmplaints is available tt resetlers if any grievances and amplaints arise. Resettlerscan also g to the cwutn pursuant tu the 'Administrative Lawr*f Suit when thy think the decisions concluded by resettlement oftites oar goivernmentat various leveLsare unacceptable.

4.124 The u,xrk of prepiairig the pnjjct EIA tir resettlement includedacnsultation by the EIA Team with numernLscoinsultants. These included exprs in the fildsc of envirnmnt3a pnrtetion. agriculture.foresry andfser fnrm all provincs in the Envirnmental Studv Area. ALso.the draft EIA reportsweredistriduted among Chinese universities, institutesand loa environmntal protectionbureaus. Their opinionsand commentshave beenreflecteld in the currentEIA rqeprt.

- .- IU. PRoPosEDFoLmOW-ltP STUDIES - 102- 4.12S- The presentEIA rqxprtincludes resolution. or provisionsfbr resolution,for all SEls so that approvalcan be given for the Projecti proceedto final design and implem ation without apprehensionthit all SElshave notbemn adequately maged. For certainisue incdudingthe proposed EnviroICnentalEnhancement Measures. it nay be d;sirablefor the Projectto proposelected followw studieskir.consideration by the GoVernmentand inierestedinternational funding agencies.which will explore.pa(entialslfir -fiher au_gmtationof the Projects overallbaefits and of the project's overall benefitind cost ratio.--

4.126 Table 5.4 summarizessome six proposals for follow-up studies. Of these. itens 2 . . . - and 3 are for feasibility studies for Envirownental Enhancement Measures, one for establishing all ecorestoationand touristoperation in the reservoirvicinity, and the secondfor utilizingriver water for promoing downstreamaquaculture (and. secondarily, for firnising technicaland economicdaa on such aquacuhurefor guidingpromotion of aquxaulturein reseement s). ie termsof refernce for these two studiesiaredescnibed ininnex B, indudinginformaton on technical.insitUtion. economic.and finaiw iispc ii6d including description of work tasks. needed skills. time frame. budget. and

'N* -sULmMARY*- - ~: ~ oFEN .. RiNAIMFAC1 s

4.127 Table 4.24 summarizes the EIA for XP. This show that all knownSE[s for XP bave be duly asidered and managed.-

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ENVIRONAENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

5.1 Chater S of theEIA descrihbsthe EnvirnmentalMangement Plan (EMP) and institutional arrangements.particularly the Envinmmental Managemen Offices (EM1O3. which are designed to ctsure that the negaiveenvirWunem al defles of thepn.iect are minimized and oflCt. andthat opportunities for -- enhancementare maximized wherever feaiible.

5.2 lme appra t , envirunmentalma cnmentincludes implemnmaui of the EMP underthe dirctoKmof the EMO and with theassiStance oafriouS pn feiimnal anidtehnical unitsand o f a group of Chinmeand internatl consultants.lhme main ahspeets if theappnsach in. the w arsiML pnrject stases Qireonstruction.construction, and tqupr'.ti.n) are dih;usiW&in Chaper 5 and summariieilbelow.

5.3 Experience inusing the EIA procss in devlslting cu ntrieshas showun that even if the EIA is well dkmnand offriiallyvacceJtd. it doesnkwt necs.%ariiv fill.w thba the l-ninrnmental Mananement Pruaeatm Measures (EPAf-cjincluded in the EJA will actuallv be implemented. For this re3son. it is aluinely critical thatthe fundingfior the EMP and EMO be inludLeJ in the pnrsect ct and thatthe ltan becinditional on the implementationcof the EPM.

AA. Emmo%lwulEN17AL -NA.%;E%Il,T PLAX AIPR'A.t l *-. >

5.4 Underthe lawsan regulationsfor-EIA in China.which are administeredbv XEI'A nd the Piovincial Envirnmenal PrntectionBureums IEPBsi. pr:ceduros h3ve been ev..lvd J v.-r-thePast decade to ensureompliance with EIA requirements.Generalv this i-nrk is danebv the ltriuje-t lPropnentunder the sbpavisin *ofthe Prtvincial EPB. FRra maior projsicouch a%Xiau.langdi. the ProjectPri' nent (YRCC. thrugh the Yellow River Hrdrollectric 1P.werDevelepmnmt Corporation must rrepare and ipenin an Environmntal MmnanemnentPlan EMPi nunlerthe suNv-isiin an subiect to,the arrrovz .fr the NEPA.

5.5 lbe agipadh iused in the E1I' ts Oenure co;mpliane with the Environmental Pritectisin MewSUres(EPMs) ,-eifud in the iCIA-is illustra.ed in Figure 5.1 an covmprisesthe Ishilowing clements: *e . * .| . 0<|*>R{9

.. ~~~~~~~~~~.. . .*

.~ ~ ~ ~~~.. I* ,.' * . * Fi~~~gure5.I.: ENSWURNG COMaPLIANCV. wilrH ENVIRONAIFNITAI. PR0TEKLMl4N SNWA"""?q

GeneralManager

Environmentsl Management ; ~~~~~~~~~~OffLce

Flnal ProjectDesign ConstructLonstag I Start-up Environmental Correction Compliance Compliance CompiLance MonitorLng Measures * Tomporary Temporary , Temporary ContInulng ContInuIng aU, , Year I to 2 Year 3 to 10' Year 11 Year 3 to 20 Year 3 to 20

1 FinIl de%lgnrimr 1he prutlec. ineliding ciinitrl d xun*nlt, plqn a Niwdtktiona mun imiudt Ihe EPMKstwirld hy 1heEIA. 2. Prnvikion-rnr the cnmstruIiunslage must include ctneintfirutcn.;upervi#ion, r,t envirnnmendlmitternt U# vell a tlw uatiil 4iUnsinw#lhn KupervlKionfor engineering eicivitidi. 3. On.complliktnmilf *inKtflWEi,. u iriNi rn will he .utnductedi16lf eurd thit EPMahave hiwn implementedeffrrilvely; 4. Oprritmnalphase ununihiring will hddune to un#UneriIhailhe )ojd l a 1ing uiperated,inhlumpliznnd with Ilie consrainixintended to pruitw th1 envirnnment.and to prtoviddecdbhack nte etury tti ilntlify and correctreaidumi prioibumi oir Ito like advaningienr enhancemen

S.. Appnwalof uftcimlgwill hc gained,I Ihuarequird engiweering inKlilulinmal lrrectibmn mneaUre *uiin heIuarried oul, -106- (a) Final design for the project. including contract documents. plans and specifications must include the EPMs specified by the EIA.

(b) Provisionsfor the constructionstage must includeenvironmenm monitoringand surveillance, as well as the usual constructionsupervision for engineering activities.

(c) On completion of construction. a trial run or other appropriate testing will be conducted to be sure that EPMs have been effectivelyimplemented or prepared for.

(d) Operational-phasemonitoring and reporting will be done to ens-urethat the project is being operated in compliancewith the measures intendedto protect the environmentand w providet - the feedback necessary to identify and currect residual problems or to take advanage of enhancementoppormnities.

- (e) The approval and support of officials will be gaine'l so ha the necessary engineering or- insttional correction measures can be carried out

5.6 - The Environmental Management Plan for Xiaolangdi-descrid in- Chapter.5 includes provsions to carry out each of these steps. Theseprovisions involveinstitutional development, funding nmehanisms. technical planning and programs. further studies. into effeca and opprtunities for enhancementof benefits. and trining and technologytransfer in support of the activities required in the Plan.

5.7 - The Plan that has been developed is considered to be compatible with both-Chinese and World Bank requirements. Table 4.23 identifiesthe important laws and regulations that were considered in doing the EIA and preparing the EMP. and indicateswhere and how they have been mratedin the EIA. ; document. The EMP itself fully addresses all requirements of Annex C to World Bank.Operational Directive 4.01 (1991) concerninz environmental managementplanning.

B. ENVIRONmENTALMIANAGEMENT SYEM

Enironental Management Administration

5.8 To ensure effectiveadministration of environmental anagement the YRWHDC will crea the EnvironmentalManagement Lead Group (EMLG)and the Dn i ManagementOffice (EMO), whose combined responsibility is the administrationand implenentation of the EMP. The Lead Group will be conmrised of senior officials of the YRWHDC. the provincial environmental agencd and the other agencies dtat will have resrponsibilitiesfor undertakingspecific environmental managementtasks. -107-

This Gnup will develop the nec.saryr i zitutional arrangeaents and pruiviJdthe necessary authtoritvtt implemenmthe spe:ific EP&Lst

5.9 - The EnvironmentalManagement Office (EMO) will he respoinsiblefijr the technicalplanning and implementationof the functions noted in para. 5.5(a)-(e). While the actual work may he-delegated tD and carried out by other agencies and units, such as the various divisions otf YRCC. Provincialand County governments. universities and consultants. the EMO will coordinate the planning. surveillance - moPoring,an.. o. al! the C:P.XLs.and will itself %et objetives -vde-aluateperfmnce The reporting func-tionof ti.c EMC will lie of critical impoirtane tii the Lead Grtup anLdother interested oh:- rvers.

5-10 Until the creation-of the EMO. the exLstingEIA team will etntinue its preparations ior environmentalmanagement ol' the Xiaolang-diPniject. The EIA team will assistin the transition period to get the EMO fullt functional as expeditiously as possible. Table 5.1 shouN the staffing requirements and scope of wilrk on the EMO.

5.11 The tasks to he done tu fulfill the Xiaolangdi EMP toverthe peritid followingProject loan approval until the year 2010 are summarized in Tables 5.2-5.4. which show the various tasks corresponding to the significant emvirinmehtalissues discussel in Chapter 4. the agencies participating in the manag-neni: planwhich will carrv them tot.- andthe cost and durationtof the required activities.

Enwironmenal Mianagemnt Activie -i

5.12 Project Praratioan Pha;se During preparationfitr construction,the EMPpriorities will be:

?(a) To finalize the institutionalarrangcmens and create the new a-encies and relationships.

(b) to prepare environmentallyrelated clases foirthe tender doc-uments.

Cc) to ensure that the result. of the EIA are included in the final planning aniddesin documents related ttothe project.

(d) to perform environmentalsurveillance and monitoringdurinn preparationof the construction site and to commeneeenvironmental monitoring of resettlement: and

k~) to commence the mobilizationof the va ious agencies responsible fuirElIs.

.- .: - @ log e z b Table 5.1: EMO STAFFINGPLAN

2Cbief 12- Puma. M-imTu _ -: . -- ,i.Diu, 12 1 gySmmmlIi.mmuai@ IG

Eagiusur 2. ma_ f6ranmalhnicd uvismama 3. Unaumam 6 0.5 I. b.amm PI(aumim.aMk MW i Mm (EMM). ammuawink

6 OS 2. ammu Plaai = Fimacm Dapumin m.Bacahiagmmaci wBAM.. 24 2 3. ch. and mumn Bm.aiaaofDU 12 1 4. eno 4dirAvemn -m. ; ' mmdcuhuad miL&Shue

12 I 5. c_m5_mll_..MMMa pamiinm at. sah

12 1 6- g aMy madsaiwn ripni orEMMA. _a 12 I 1. kmak for krkamad camda*m ofmvrnmmi mam Sidig.* ia*e* - -

12 - mm. an

32 1 3. gamm a m XLD Fnjo.

Ad.iaiuu.die 13 3.i 1.- a.mg.uu of_rmy md rechaicml ms. ikekdin _ n m amey: _F Atfins Sacia. 6 0.5 2. uachdial taa manumdicumm wccuM f.i frqua1Smgmum work Avm vwamsmc 6 0.5 3. pu -WbWmiWeXLD -

is 1.5 4. d3qy affais ad o _EM0(ufuLiLJ. Tam 330 15

5.13. Conmsction and Operafing Phas. The major prorities durinn project onstrucdon ad opeaton will be monioing of the implemeion of die EPMs.and the perforc of Udies relaed to envirnnmel effece and opportunitieslbr enhncemen. The mitoring and rqportug systema designed0o (a) ensuretdat tdieprojea cwnmaos and operaton are obsav.ingthe consuaintsimposed fbr enviromentalprtection, and (b) to evaluatethe adequacyof the environmental- prtecion plan. In this aciviy de EMOwill-observe the acl evimrom al ffectsof the-projet. In the event there are uncceptable advers effects, or prmmisingoppornitis fbr environmnt enhancemet ta havebeen ovelooked, it will powsbleto recommend ppipnateacton.

5.14 Studiessuch7 thoserefernced earlierin Chapter4, wil be underakn at this time -109 -

. - :rsable 5.2 Cosr EmMATE FOt TIE XP-EDiRoNmEr^L MANAGENFJr PLAN

.~~ ~ ~ ~ - . . o ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~capita bwmdso them Toal CaUuctiom Equim Opauatai Cosgt

1c.sm7ii. Moaioring 7.63 033 2.02 53

2. Reu M 1.07 - - I7 a. Impe$.61 *- 0.61 b. Maagemn=& oakeofiq 0.46 0-A

3. SalvagnorCul%ntRcsl 17.16 - - 17.16

4. Saniailn & AJeidcmi 424 0.27 030 3.67

5- Moa ingorHydrlbo.f - Sadhau Membzj ^&-- Waser Qmay 77.46 1S.84 1530 4632

6. PRcu-vairCuing 105 - - 105 a. Opd.iwiiaa 0.04 - 0O S b. Rcwvair Cwing . 10.1 - - . - 1031

7. EAO (hcbIofg y) 4.70 . 00 0.60 360

3. Technical E _cang& Tiig -SOO - - OO-

9. SpecinstSudic . OS - - .OAS

10 Advice by Ezpca 13320 - _ 134

11. S5lotalof ikm 1-10 0.6 -

-~~~~~- '-t In G q (10lC)

.~~~~U Tolo k.11 14. Recteadio Dcvdapaam ! L13

15. AquaculmE * - 150.00

la While sotspeci6caly iud in themEMP. diaum rquird for impemmtiag_nvrmomcalb bauuemn p asideadfied in lbe EIA have beau sown bhe to oudine d lvel of _tvcuaa required to muximiidise benefit frm lw XLD r .esvoi.

, C. EONOMIC JUSTICATION Table5.3: SummAXVDCoNM ow RNvRONMDrALMANAGuzr PLAN (Unitfor COat:Y mllion)

tG, ff{4--lt~-l""e" "ltZ_' t--4s pt1flj~MimItI. I "fl453MmI 15m.Iil, ttmm 'eeda1lSt miss|IN !~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oea.ea|ds 1.61 ,~n,o lees

' 1Jffi"'r 11aJ kimu5wuptll Lete2U "~'n ~ ~~o 1. Pe dun t t"wE2lXam"M "t of n"tts" fIs;uyyd U!: : p~p,:L MO4N LU'fll Iisa,eMt 'll luu.tSm.ert ami 35131ml s.ii 651 so aZhidmlrio lmm"w an of denloma piSjNII. Ls¢r@S I. PtI. me=tl^.mnhlL,s" *tsse 3gfi~l USeS"!iui 1553.2616 414| 1*t J4.24

| fisl~*sh,tl aimI3. lqU511tualii,4,;LMq i,;t7toliuLi, bee-.. ie,siv.Ii~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~11.44~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 Lill. I IWl.r

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No odma,U ho 0hI* u Is k b.- .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 * *e.-

se~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t ' ,t h.il.6 di .ewa4wMs. miI.. . J * ~~~~~~-l ll -

Table A SuaMatY OFPacrOM Rxmw-..uv nrmu

turn~~~~~~~~~~~~~o

- -

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3. On eommegbmb ftm

2, lEe__ i (bG E_AM.

mumAqusmrnr. m-me d fted 3mre.u

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46 __osu of tm a ftum n

S. _ _ a b_ mil _ a s I&iM ::as:SUm-Ue .ado-s016 a S.4U zuss=Aseeru

S. __ masg *.e t t.

.:--'~~~S 3m-_ _ _l 1.a am -< d - .- -: SWudobrS. Cmb 1. ameusmuse l ml emlzmlrn mlParmaw I_mlDap 1d _ mmlimat-aI St SSm 3w s a" 2. 3mau.mStimstear osmlp ma mi X, __< ~~~- -w - 3 * .~ CS_map n. e _ _ S _ _ d' _ , bOSUinu

S.15 Theuura investmh fCr eblisiing theEMOC-and implting envkomental proteion meures, shown in Table5.3. is estimatedat Y 268.8 million for a periodof 18 years. or a tond of S51.71 million.or S2.9 millioneach year. Becausemost DCshave beenallocating very litde (if anything)for such purposes, at first glance the sum of S2.9 million per year may appea to be excessivc. -112- 5.16 To justify this investment.it is usefulto refer to experiencein thieUSA, wherea great deal of exprience has beengained on appropriateasts for postconstructionenvironmental follow- up activitiesincluding monitoring. This experiencehas developeda 'rule of thumb' that the appopriate. an-u-alinvestment for eron_mental follow-upshopld be about I percentof projet capial costs up to Sl1-1Omllion. witbthe percntage reducng to around0.5 percentfor projects withcapital cost of about SI billion. Applyingthis crierion to the XP. it is calculatedhat an annualcost appropriate for the EMO. wruld he abt $6.5 million. Reconizing that USAmonitoring and follow-upaction represents a higher level than needed in DCs. the recommendedlevel of S2.9 million per year for the EMO seems appropriate

*~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~ ~ 1 ~ -... .. ,,, -113-

6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

6.1 The overall concl-si3n of the study i thai, exceptfor resettlement. the XiaolanzProFmject will not have any significantadverse environment effects beca all SEls have been duly considered and managed. The EtA has kidfied and recmmended the needed environmental management and protection mesures to he implementedduring the design. construction and operation phases to ensre dth adverse impacts will be preveted. minimied or offseL In some cases. enhancement of existing conditions should be possible.

6.2 With respectto thc RS issue. the RS planningprogram is still under way but it is sufficiently completed to show convincingly dht the RS program me:hanics are well planned and sufficiendy established and opea to cnsure diat the entire RS programnwill be satisfactrily carried out on schedule.

6.3 Rqprding dan safety, the attention given to this ssue. including a Dam Safety and EeGncy Response Program, is believed to be unsurpassed for any major dam and rservoir in the wodd.

6.4 Regring control of floodinghazards to some 100 million peole downstream, the XP is the only feasible project among the many alternatives that were considered which will positively furnish this prtection, including the related issue of silt control and ie -un control. hibus.for the fust time in bistory, adequate flood protecton will be furnished for the lmwerriver basin, the cracle of the Han -Chinese civilation.

6.5 . The project,is. above all else. a floxodcontrol project. but nevertheless. it will achieve very sizable irrigation, power ana other water supply beefits.

6.6 The XP, region is in a densely populated area with few remaining land resources. The XP will not degrade any of these but. instead, by making additional river water available in the lower reaches, including a steady dry-season inflow into the estuary, should markedly improve the estuarne'

. natural fishery.. - 14-

6.7 In addition. the XPIEMP prmeramtn carry out a group of special studies for extending the adfiievemens of XP by mans of selected envirionental enhancemet measures tn include: (a) greatly increacod aquaculture in the downstream region; (b) an economicallyviable reservoir rereation tourist operation: (c) balanced use of surface and groundwater in the lower basin. to optimize water resources use and to prevent salinity intrusion into groundwater: (d) optimal use of reservoir for navigation; (e) optima use of XP constructioncamp faciliies for municipal use: and (f) EIA for planned downstrm irrigaion projects.

; . A'NNEXA Illustrations Showing Xiaolangdi Project

* Location: On the Yellow River, 40 km to the north of Luoyang city in Henan province, 130 kn downstrcam of the Sanmenxiadamn and reservoir.

Elvdrology: (Bascd on hydrographic series 1919 - 1986) Drainage area, upstream of XiaolanrLdi -.1 155 kmnr i.toalYellow River basin fi_ 433 krm' Mcan annual runoff 42.32 x 10' rn3 Long-term average flow 1342 rns Flood discharges at XIAOLANGDI (m'Is): before after afier rcgulation regulation regulation by Sanmenxia and by Sanmenxia Xiaolangdi 50 year 23 600 17 960 9 910 100 year 27 500 19 410 98609 I 000 year 40000 28000 13 480 10 000 year 52 300 37 600 - 13 990 Recorded max. 17 000 (July 17 1958)J Historic max. 32 500 (August. 1843) - Design 40 000 28 000 13 480 :Chek 521300 13 990

s w Total discharge capacity at FSL of all outlet wrorks,excluding power tunnels, including emergency spillway: 20 310 I /s Flood volumes: Observed max., 12days 9.19 x 10"m 3 Design. 12 days 13.90 x I ' ml Check. 12 days - 17.20 x 0' ml Natural watcr levels: Recorded lowest EL 133.44 m (Feb. 2. 1961) highest EL 144.88 m (Jul. 17. 1958)

X-i *. ES-A-I Historic highest ' EL 150.9 m (Aug. 1843)

Reservoir: a. water levels: Normal storage = FSL Max. W.L. EL 275.0 m check flood EL 273.0 m Min. W.L EL 230.0 m Design flood EL 272.3 m- Exueme Mn. W.L EL 220.0 m - b. area at EL.275.0 m 272.3 km2 c. length 128.0 km d.lengthofshorelineatEL275 950 km e. storage capadty, FSL, EL 275 - 12.65 x 10' ni3 for flood control ; -4.05 x 10' Bn for sedimnt mnaement 1.05 x 109'in for ice control 2.0 x 10'm3 sediment deposition 735 x IO. m3

Resettlement: 177 000 to 194 000 people

Sediment: Mean annual volume 1 594 x 10' t Mean content 37 kIm 3 Recorded max. cotent (Aug. 7 1977) 941 kglm3 - Dam:- Type ~mzoned earth and rochSI with sloping, impervious core Foundation Sand and gravel alluvium, maximum depth 70 m Crest eleation 281 m Crestwidth 15 . Dam width at FSL, EL 275 41.1 m Crest lngtb 1317 -:

AczES.A- -2"'- Maximum height of dam 154 m (above foundation) F Elmbinenu sdopes, upsteam 2.0 H: 1 V (above EL 274.33) 2.6 H: 1 V (below EL 274.33) downstream 1.5 H: IV (above EL 268.72) 1.75 H: 1V (below EL 268.72) Volume of dam 48.5 x 10'e Freeboard 6 m

Flood- and sediment tunnels

a. orifice tunnels, using closely spaced orifices as energy disipation devices. Number. 3 Shape: circuiar ID: 14.5 m Length: I 100 m +1- Invert elevations, upsream EL 175, downstream EL 129.0 and 138S5 Max. capacity at FSL: 1632 + 2 x 1580 =4792m'ls

b. free flow tunnels, Number: 3 . Shpe: city gate Width: 10 m Height 11.5-13.5 m Length: 1 000 m +1- Invert elevations, upstreamEL 195; 209 and 225 - -Q dowIsSanEL.52.13, 173.79 and 175 ...- . - Max. picityat FSL: 2680 + 1973 + 1796 = 6449 m'ls

c. sediment tunnels, presse tunnels with reinforced and pestrsd concrete linings. Number: 3 Shape: circularID: 6.5m Lngth: 1100 m - Invert elevations, upsream EL 175.0, downstearm EL 148.0 -r;7 MaL capait FSiL 3 x 675 = 25 m 3/s All tunnls discharge thrugh flip buckets into the same plunge pool.

Service spMiwar Chute type. WAidh28 m Weir crest EL 258.0 Length 932 m Max. capacity at FSL: 3 764 m3ls Dischrges thiroughflip budket into same plunge pool as tunns.

Emergeny spillwar Weir, closed off by rokfin dam wiith impervious Core. In ca of

emgency, die dam would be breached. - . - ..

- - Ann=: -- ES-A-3 - ... Width 100m Weir crest268 m Top clevationof damnEL 280.0 Max. capacity at FSL: 3 000 m3 /s

Intake towers: Ten intake towers, arranged in line on a common reinforced concretc substructure. Free standing height of the towers above the substructure. 53 m. Total height. including substructure. 112 m.

Plunge pool: One concrete-lined plunge pool to serve all nine flood- and sediment tunnels as well as the service spillway. Pool is divided into three cells by two concrete walls. Max. depth of pool 25.2 m. Power tunnels: Pressure tunnels with reinforcedconcrete linings. Number: 6 Shape:-circular ID: 7.8 m Length: 375 m Invert devation of intakes: 2 at EL 190.4 at EL 195

Penstocks: Steel Elned,encased in rock. - Number. 6;..; Shape: arcular, ID 7.8 m, "dragon raising hcad".

Powerhouse: Underground. 160 m x 26.2 m. The six generating units spaced at 26.5 m. One sevice b,ay, 59 m long.

Daft tube tunnels: Reinforcdd Concrete. Number: 6 Shape: rectangular. 9.5 x 7m changing to 9.5 x 13:5 m.

Taifracetunnels and channels: Reinforced concrete. Number: 3. Shape: City gate 12 m x 19.6 mi Each tunnel dicharges into a concete lined channel.

Sediment gates at discharge of tailrace: Number:. 6 Opcnings: 11.5 mx 14 m Elevation of sills: EL 30

Switch yard: Conventional, outdoor, 220 KV. Overhead circuits cornect the switchyard to six 220 kIVand one 500 kV power tansmission lines.-

~~~~~~~.. ; * * ... * -;*tf NMin mechaiical and electrical equipment: - - - -

Ann= ES-A-4 a. turbines: Number:,6 Type: Francis, vertical shaft Rated output: 306 MW Rated Max. Min. Head ' Head . Head Initial opera4on 112.0 m 128.9 m 64.9 m Future operation 112.0 m 139.2 m 86.5 m Max. speed: 107.1 rpm Rated discharge, 306 m3ls Max. discharge 316 m3l/s

b. generators: Number 6 Type: totally-enclosed,verical shaft, synchronous. Rated output: 334 MVA Max. output: 367 MVA Rated power factor: 0.9 Rated voltage:18 1kVFrequency: 50 Hz Three phase: Rated speed: 107.1 rpm Insulationclass: F

c- step-up power transfomners: Number: 6 (one for each generator) Type: Three-phase, 181242kV, 50 Hz. 360 MVA, OFWF

d. step-up power transfomers: (for switch yard) Number: 2 Type: 3-phase. 2421550kIV. 50 Hz, 540 MVA. OFAF

e. powerhouse bridge crane: Number: 2 Hookl(2) capacity:2 x 2 x 250 t

f. intake towers, gantry cranes. :j'~ =: Number: 2 Hook.(2) capacity: 2 x 400 t

g.. draft tube crane: Number: I Hook (2) capacity: 2x 250 t

Approximate quantities for major civil construction iterns Dam. rockfill 35.8 x 10'm 3 impervious inaterial 9.3 x 10' n3 filters 2.5 x 10'm 3 ______.47.6 x 10' m

A-&= ES-A-5 Open carth =cvatuonwi 1I.O 10' we 3 Openrodc excmfiom 13.1 x 10' m Undergound ecavaion, tunnels& power. 2.7 x 10' mn3 facilides 2.52 x 10' mn Concrete 2.8 x 10i ml PrestressedConcrete 37,000 ma Shoicre 174,000 z' Grouting - -Consolidation 260,000 m -Curain 260,000 m Steel Reinforcement 180,000. t

Am- - - -6 .4

*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'... v :. -

Am E6 , , _ , I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I FiguireI Scheduleand Plan Etir Follow-Up Aqiiaculture Study

-' ... . . LeriElon(fStudy, Month i | I @2 1 3 | 4 5 | 6 7 | R l T',ik Nn. and Descrirflmin

TL/ASIAE/MS - - A'|i i.XiN'Insavs.ikN y,tinvulthurt in stiuJyarvn.

A TL _ _ __ ; ,I _) ,S1'W I* 4s' s%Ifl :iienil a%,(:g11vit iiiltiding ._____'_____.______.__ %sllEkiiig fir(tshI*l Variuis mian;agenant regions.. ' WR______C)WRi3 ______-_, ______! __ AYMfIlly;)'r'AhblitIIy _ _ ___ orfgmrundwnwer _ __ supply. _ I TUJAU' - - ( dl Asqcssmnarlel iiir aqinciilliirf produets, DE _fincial (c)RCiiiminic an. nnaly_ia. TL _ - - - (riAvailahIE;y of "'scui imtick. TL _ - - - (ppAvailnthility offish food. MS ______Ihl Insftillnitin'laralysia,

*| fl MS _ - - (I) Ncvdi for ifaning.

DITL - --- U)Fensibility I-vul dcign of proposcdaqinculbure se l, ' In~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~pojct, In stagcs ,

_ Interim Interim Final Drftn Final _ _ StaernpCominkiec l

Notoe' TEsTeamLeader (Aquaeuhurisl): JOmin. ___ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~rI . c O ASnAiuxenureialSlucil;til: . mm. ; WREnWacr ResourScesEngineer: 3'inmiiJ AEAeqtAcuhural Ecuinomlisl: 3 mmnn! MS aManageonent SN'ciollst: 3 Iiiin ,z DE= Dgoign Engincc!r. 5 mm,

27linitersimnal inna Drnaift ''n BuNlos:i:T:T7it5600eadnr(Aauanm I.000 ,y '! 2nS %#'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ lin@iD3 in.u't ' ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~upi 7~ ,0 un s,0 un:

I. .1.

Figure2 TORqror Reervoir RecreatioinStudy

'S I.1. Purmn, Feasibilitylevel studyoii. use of reservoirfor recreationpurposes. ...2 ,,,, ,,

.2.. tsfi: . I fi -;

ff:j ;; X.l Feasibilityfor sportsflshiqg (speciest6.use fishing managementneeds, fishetmen facilities, 1l - ' . ~~~~~season)... ;i.2 Feasibjlityror piciicking,scenic viewing, hiking, water sports

2.3 * Feasibilityror eco-tourlsm,.| .t

jl : *. ' 2A Needfor reloristatioiifoisupporting tourismactivities

- 1l; . 2.5 Needfor wildlifeIntroduction/restockingI perhaps use of mini-zone ..bai ; ! 2.6 Needfor special'aquaria for illustrating fish species of YellowRiver ; * * 2.7 Needfor tourism facilities (lodging and amenities) 2.8 Marketinganalysis

*; ' s2.9 . Management/linstitutionalanalysis , 2.10 Developmentof overall resort plan at. feasibility level 2.11 Economicand financial analysis 2.12. EIA

* . -

.: . , 5% , * ; ,, i' I, ','i . '

, ?, , ;,S @ , ' *. Ug X C ., ' , ', ' i~~ I3. S. ,.,e,' 'lIn

I . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~&hud(aldby Monb* Trnl hilt.mbuigpiuI (mm) Tilu n I . 2 3 4I 5 7 K 9 II)ITagnLgadlo)'

2.1. ~ .- 1 - - - r'rniFihddcsb Expemn (41 2.2 _w | . al TaludimExren (4) 2;J ______- -s - - E ro~TiwTrIni E vpgw t (2) .42 Fi'lJIiryEpenr (6)

1.3 ______Wildliru ENpo.*fIi) 2.6 _._ ___ -_ 1AqI1Uv _ Flhhrlse Expert 3)

g | l l _ . -- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ra"Sntlwietnannst(7) 2.11_ic_o ' =rsnimWIFInan4slENrzn (4)

T t pndfiahmltl,l Input nim Conlingyenies ;mm I nlid 20 mm

4 ~~~~RdeIrting: 4.1 IlheepIit Rqwie A 4.2 Intlrim Relpri at S nlt4lha 4.3 Drift Final Reportat lS m1mihs1 4A4 Final Ripwtl ugl1 m iumihs

5, Siterine CQxnmittIe(frreenbtiveulm 0rc4I!et Ikd givermmeni 'enctieg,with YRCCa4 chqiman): Mefting s1 2.0, S.C :- :

Budgdl: Y 5,600/mmn YIlO,000 ANNEX ES- BUMMARY OFRESETLEN-AN

(a) XIAOLANGDI RESERVOIR IMPACTS -

Cx)-Total Reservoir Surface Area 272nkm 2 (ii) Length of Resavoir -T 130 hn C'ii)- InundatedLand Area - . 366,000 mu (iv) Inundated Cultivatedland (50%). - 183.000 mu (v) Per Capita Cultivated Land 1.0 mu - (vi) Population Affected (moving year) 171,118 (vii) - Populaion as a percent of Coent population , 5.1%

(vifi) Inundated Housing - - - -_ - 4.6 million m (OX) Number of Affected Townships (Xiangs) 30 (x) Number of Affected Administrtive Vila -- I 73

(b) XIAOIANGDI CONS I bN E IMPACTS. s

(i) Reqisitioned Land Ara (22 - . - - 33,000 mu

(ii) Requisitioned CultivatedLnd (60%) . 20,000 mu (iii) Per Capita CultivatedLand - - 2.0 mu (iv) - Population Affecd (moving year) 9,932 ; ~ i(v) Population asa percent of County popation - 1.1 % 2 (vi) Iriite Housing - - 0.3 millionm (vii) Number of Affected Townships (Xiangs) - 6 (viii) Number of Affected AdministrativeV31ages - . 18

Ic) GEOGRAPHIC POPULATION IMPACTS-:. - L A!. C() He.n Provinc (1 %) .- - 147,10 - Xin'an County- heavy impact - 79.345

- JiyuanCty -hvy impact ! * - ' * 35,485 - Mengjin County - mediunmimpact * f 17,47

-Mianchi medium pt. i :.:- 12,740 coukty~~~~~~;.,... *~~ me.c o ~ Am ESC1.. .. - h--rsm County - liht impait 964

(ii) Sbaied Province (19 9) 34,610

- Yuanqu County - heavy impact - . . *-- F,747 - Pinglu County - light impa&t 1,318 -Xaxian County - lightimpact - .. 478

(iii) Affected Xiangs 30 - More than 50 % of populationaffected .7 25 - to 50S of populazon affected -2 -10 % to 25% of popuaion affected -. 6 - Sto 10 9 of populafion affected -S - Less than 5 % of population affected . -10

(d) DIRETLY AFFECTED POPULATION (moving year)

(i) Population Directly Affected by Zones. 181,050 - Conruction Zone 9,932 Reservoir Inundation 171.118

(I) Populatin Dieretly Affected by Ekvati - BelowELiBomt = 22842

- EL180-265 m - - = 130,972 -- - EL265 - 275m m - -17,6

<~-(iii) Fopulation Characteristics in Reervoir Ar.a:

- - Farmers (mainly farm inoDme) 73 % 0o. S - Farmers (mainly non-farm income) 16 b -3 3 * Nion-agriculturalregistration Un -- IS %

(,Iv) Number of Affected Households * . = 30,600 - House and land affected, (78 %) . -23,700

- House and job ffecied (10 %) -. . ; * . 3,100 Onlyhous afficted (3%).. - .. . . . : 900

.;:. S.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - .... .

--. . Ann= ES-C-2 Org:i land affeced (7 %) -; = 2,300 Onlyaccessaffected (2 %) 600

(e) RESE7TLPMENT SCHEDULE

mr Damsit to EL ItEL26 tEL2?5 1992- 3.310 1993 3.311 5.710 1994 3.311 5.710 1995 5.711 1996 5.711 1997 32.743 1998 32,743 1999 32.743

: ~ ~~~~~~~~. *. * .* i

' i = : - ' - ' ', ': - "--''i ':- 200 3274

i~~ . ~ . .*~ ..- _-

2010 . . 8.652 2011 . 8.652-

Total = 11,050 persons

(I) STRATEGES FOR REESTABLISHING JIVELIHOODS (i) Princ ipe- - Reslore and improve existing income levels - Ensureminimum household grain production - ncres income/mu by farm improveants - Increase household income with non-farm jobs - Transfer regisrationof some people - Minimizesocial adjustment

(II) Strateies: S - . . ~- * -: * £ . j (iIA) Rdocate withip village pr xiang: - l - - DDryLndor-partial irrigation - Iprovement of r=tus to labourper miu - -- - Supplement wih non-farm income (sidelines, mines)' (11.2) Reloca withincounty.

AmacsES-C-3 L-arge scalc imgation schem (Houhc) . - ..

- - Dry!and or parta irrigation - Supplement with non-farm income - Transfer to industial employmient -- - Transfer registrafion ([1.3) Relocate outside county: - Large scale irfngatim scheme -Wenmengtan(20-50 kin) - Setle groups in 3 downstream counties (100-150 kan) - Suppleamntboth with some non-farm income

(Z) PROPOSED RESETL OCCUPATIONS (Reservoir)

(i) Total Job Requirements 162,969 75,225 - Agriculuiral 145,757 63,601 - Non-agricultural 17,212 11.627

Ci) Proposed ivelihood Arrangements: _- (ii.1) Remain in Grain Fanning 110,800 39,000 (68 %) (52 %) - Fully inigated coWpping - 53.800 4.000 - Partdal irrigation 40,000 11,000 - Dryland farming . 17,000 4,000 (ii.2) Agricural siddine 3,000 . 3,000 (2%) (4 %) ii.3). Rual indusl en4,3 (3% ) (6%) ((ii.4) County Run FactoriesMines 9,200 .9,200 ,f~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(. % ) (12X) (li S5) Stae workers (families) -1,0 ,0 - (1 1%) (11%) -(iRemai n Non-agrictlal- 17,200 11,600 (10 %) (15 %)

(b) JOBSILIVELHOODS, EXISTINGAFUTURE, SUMMARY DRAWINGS AND FUTURE- SEE FIGURES 43.3211 AND 433.J2.

G) KEY AGRICULTURAL RELOCATIONARRANGEMENTS BY DESTINATION (i) Relocate within same village or xiang - . 24,M (22 %) (ii) Relocate within same county . 32,439 (29 %) (iii) Relocate outside county 53,787 (49 %) - Wenmengtin (floodplain) . 42,461 -(39 %) - 3 downstream counties 11,326 (10 %)

(Iv) Total to be *eocated in Agricult --. 110,783 (100 %)

A- ex ES.C. . Wj ALTERNATIVE JOB STRATEGIES

(i) General Incone Producing Altenatives - - Reduce or eliminate grain quotas (relocatees & host) - Increase share of cash crops

-* Increase irrigated area with additional investment - Provide incentives for sideline activities - - Direct more investent to rural enterprises - Inncrasejobs in State enterprises with additional investment to expand or modernize production - Allow migration to other areas (with cash compensation)

(ii) Specirfc Project Alternatives (higher costs)

- Xiping Reservoirllrrigation (Jiyuan) 15,000 mu - KeiJingWasteland Development(Jiyuan) 5.000 mu -. *Huaipa" Wauer Supply for Yima City (Xinan) 15,000 jobs - Huaipa" Lift Irrigation (Mianchi) - 10,000 mu '-;-oumaian} Floodplain (Menglin) 5,000 mu

(k) -TPCAiL AURAL RESETTLER HOUSEHOLDS (Before and After. 1991)

. . . - Before Afic (i) }Househbld Size : = 4.5 4.5 : j (ii) Labour Force (44 %) = 2.0 2.0 - Agricultural employment = 1.5 1.0 - Non-agricultural jobs = 0.5 1.0

Gii) Non - Labour Force = 2.5 2S5

Mv) Registation - agricultual = 4.5 3.5 ,non-agricultural -0.0 1.0

(v) Cultivated and = 6.2 5.4 mu of which irrigaed - = 2.8 3.4 mu

(vi) Annual Household Iomn (7van) - -2808 3200 - Crop and animal income -- =1100 1100 - Sideline income ...... 100 SOO - Temporary non-farm wages -6000 . - Full-time non-farm wages - 0- 1600

(I) LANDSHARING ARRANGEMENTS -:- - - - - ; --

A-ai ES.C-S5 S., 0) Rationale: :;*-.:.-. c *$ .C-:. , - , - Most land is already cultivated (except floodplain aas) -.- - Some land is underutilized (dryland).

- ' ' - N t~~~~- ' ...*; * ; !':-.. (ii) Principles: , - - ,- Select villageswith more land per capita . - Host sells some (10%) land to relocatees. . -

- Provide investment to improve output per,mu -.- '. - - - Irigation tube wells (relocaee & host) - Land terracing and soil improvements - Increase arca in cas!: crops Supp:ernent-- household incomes witd nor-:arm employmentopporunities for re;ocares - Host can use compensation for other income generation schemes (with xiang app-roval)

(-M) AGREEMENTS -- - '-- -

(i) ConstructionZone Resettlement

- State Council Approval (plan & cost) - July 1992

- Cost AgreementL MWR & Province ' -- September 1992

- Plan Agreements: Province & Counties -October 14, 1992

- Cost Agreements: Province & Counties October 14, 1992

- -. ,:- , -, : , -*.:. - Plan Agreements: Counties & Xiangs (5) January 1992 *(5agreements covering all 10.000 people)

- Land Agreements: Relocatee & Host Villages (21) January 1992 (21 agreements covering 4,819 out of-10,000 people) -

. ----~, - Household Agreements on Compensation (2.400) 1992193 (about 150 of 2400 households have signed) .. -

- Household Agreements on Proposed Resettlement . 1992193

(ii) Reservoir Resettlement < EL 180m

; - State Council Approval (plan & cost) -e- pendingp. - . - Cost greemrent MWP & Province - - pending - Plan Agreements: Province & Counties (3) verbal - Cost Agreements: Province & Counties (3) -. .:verbal --Plan Agreements: Counties & Xiangs (16) -December 1991

Ant=xES-C-6 - Land Agrmpnts: Rel & Host Xiangs (14) December 1991 (14 agremtscoveI 18,683 peopl) '.- - & January 1992 - Land Agreements. Rdocatec & Host Villages (+30) - 1992193 - Industrial Job Agreements:Factory & County (11) December 1991 (11 agrements covering 5,197 people) - Household Agreements on Com (4.00) pcnding (none of die 4500 howseolds bave signed) - Household Agreements on PpdResetlement pending

iii) Reservoir Resettlement EL 180 - 275m - State Council Approval (plan & cost) pending - Cost Agreement: MWR & Prvinc (2) - verbal - Plan Agranents: Prvinces & Counties (13) verbal

- Cost Agrmets: Provinces & Counties (13) - verbal *r v"= - Plan Agremments:Counties & Xiangs pnding

(-) HOST IMPACTS (Indirectly Affected)

(i) Number of Xiangs rceiving relocatees. 64 - Compriwng: "-: -fJ.!?jr:g.:- -.affected xiangs - 32 -~: .2.-~. ~ - host only xiangs - * - 32 CO)Popuation of Reciving Xmags 1,082,800

(iii) Host to Relocatee Ratio - 6:1

iV)- Cltivated Land in Receiving Xiangs 1,957.100 mu - cultivatedland per capta 1.-8mu

(v)- Land Provided by ios to RelZees ( muJ12 mu) - I52,900 mu - percentage of hos land to relocadees 7.8 %

(vi) Resulting Culovated land per apita - re6eiving xiangs. 1.67 mu

(0) COMPENSATION DISBURSEDTO HOUSEHOLDS

.hems Ty~~~~MgicalAmotmt .- Disburent

.. - ~~~(Yu-)-. -. _,..- - .an hous; - 11,000-15,000 a) -.- -- Constructionteam

44. Awdlar oue 500-1,01)' .... - - Owner * .~sr.zhm..Structures . . .1, 500.-...:-. . --)..- ..-. :-. -wOwner

----a~~~ .. ..Scaeried trecs 2.000-3,000 : - .-Owner Tombs 1.000 Owner * Sideline facilities varies Owner Contacted firmland 9.000-20,000 - Host village (collective) b) New employer Standing crops varies -- Owner (if not hrvested) - Vegetable plot 500-1,000 owne Transpont cost 500-1,000 a) Owner b) Trarsport team L-w p-'- -ucticr tiun varies .Ovwer Mea:cal cos- 0100 Owner Total 35.000 078. - of which:- 6.500-24,000 Owner 9.000-36,000 Other units

(p) RESERVOIR RESETTLEMEN7 COST ESTIMIATES(1991)

million yuan per

Estimate 2153 12.600

YRWHDC estimats based an compensationof lst assets.

(q) RESETLEMiENT FINANCINGG -

. C{ost Items -Fnancing So ire - .villion ytan

ReserVOirRese5WeMMnt MWR (XLD project) 2153 Cons:rCuction Zone Resettlement MWR(XID prqec) - - 148 Wenmengtan River Training Works - MWR (separ) 62 Houhe Reservourllrrigation MWR (separate) Sub-total = 2423 25 County Enteprises Local Financing 52 Rural Enterprises Local Financing 202 Total Resettlemnt and Local Invesment .2951

Note: (1) Total investmentrequirements are Yuan 628 mil[ionof which Yuan 120 million would come from resettlement (included in resettlement cost estimtes) to cret 10,311 relocateejobs.

(2) Total investmentrequirements are Yuan 128 million of which Yuan 108 million would come fiomnresetlement (includedin resettlemeqtcost cstimates)to crate 7,263 ielocae jobs.

Am= ES-C4 (r)j NEXT STEPS FOR RESETTLEMENT, - . .:w;. i.:. .

(i) Wenmengtan River Training Works, Dykes and Warping , ., -, ; - c ompletion of detailed design J*A . ; . *..;... -. MWR approval of schaer; financing and timing - .-. ConstructionC start in 1993 ,

(ii) Hcuhe Reservoir Scheme - : - : CCompletion of detaileddesign . =- MWR approval of scheme, financingand timing

(iii). Resettlement Cost Estimate . . - Agreementon 1991 cost (YRCC, MWR,Domestic-Experts, Provinces, Counties and Xiangs)

(iv) ResettlementFinancing

- Guarantees from financing sources ---- -. . , 2-- - Yuan 134 millionavailable for 1993program , grew.ent on cost adj:tmnent(inflation) mechanism *,-.oCt control mechanis ,(MIS)

(v) Pr4eferentialPolicies ::- - Agreementon policies, financingand timing

(vi) Monitoring of Consruction Zone Reselement - Developmentof computerizedmanagement informationsyste:(MIS) asVilot for resevoir resettlement - Training of CROs on the systemr

- Production of monthly output reports

- - , :- . : . - . 8- . - ~~~~~~~~~.:-.-. . . : -. ; .. (vii) , Agreements (see $ection M1).: - . ,- .

(viii) Reservoir Resettlement to EL 180, - - . - - To start in- 1993.according to presentschedule

- Re-surveyassets lost . . -. .. - - Prepare detailedimplemenat ion plans ,s-,. - ,-:::.-- -.- Sign agreements * . - Secure financing - Program all activities .

(ix ) ., Resvir-ReseWMeont EL; 180 to EL 275-. . . .. - Detailedplanning; re-survey assets lost ----- Continue investigation of.r#setdemnt .altenatives. ,_, . . . -.

A,ex E,S-C49 Cs)STATUS OF RESETfLEMEqT [MPLEMENATION (As of October IM)

(i) Contrucion Zone: ReseEtlementis being implementedbased on detailed plans.

(ii) REservoir to EL 1 : Feasibility planningis completed and detailed plans are being pmpared.

(iii) Reservoirto EL 275: Feasibility planning is completed.

(iV) Jteelement Reosibilities are progressivelybeing assumed by the Provinces and !ncal &overnments.

(v) Pubji. Consultation is progressively being integratedinto the Testement planning and implementationprcess.

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