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7 Armoured Division (1941-42)]
3 September 2020 [7 ARMOURED DIVISION (1941-42)] th 7 Armoured Division (1) Headquarters, 7th Armoured Division 4th Armoured Brigade (2) Headquarters, 4th Armoured Brigade & Signal Section 4th Royal Tank Regiment (3) 5th Royal Tank Regiment (3) 7th Royal Tank Regiment (4) 7th Armoured Brigade (5) Headquarters, 7th Armoured Brigade & Signal Section 2nd Royal Tank Regiment 7th Support Group (6) Headquarters, 7th Support Group & Signal Section 1st Bn. The King’s Royal Rifle Corps 2nd Bn. The Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort’s Own) 3rd Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery 4th Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery 1st Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery Divisional Troops 11th Hussars (Prince Albert’s Own) (7) 4th Field Squadron, Royal Engineers (8) 143rd Field Park Squadron, Royal Engineers (8) 7th Armoured Divisional Signals, Royal Corps of Signals ©www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk Page 1 3 September 2020 [7 ARMOURED DIVISION (1941-42)] NOTES: 1. This was a regular army division stationed in Egypt. It had been formed as the Mobile Division in September 1938, as a result of the raised tension caused by the Munich Crisis. Initially called the ‘Matruh Mobile Force’, it was founded by Major General P. C. S. HOBART. This is the Order of Battle for the division on 15 May 1941. This was the date of the start of Operation Brevity, the operation to reach Tobruk The division was under command of Headquarters, British Troops in Egypt until 16 May 1941. On that date, it came under command of Headquarters, Western Desert Force (W.D.F.). It remained under command of W.D.F. -
Airpower and Ground Armies : Essays on the Evolution of Anglo-American Air Doctrine
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Airpower and ground armies : essays on the evolution of Anglo-American air doctrine. 1940- 1943/ editor, Daniel R Mortensen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Air power-Great Britain-History. 2. Air power-United States-History. 3. World War, 1939-1945- Aerial operations, British, 4. World War, 1939-1945-Aerial operations, American. 5. World War, 1939-1945-Campaigns-Africa, North. 6. Operation Torch. I. Mortensen, Daniel R. UG635.G7A89 1998 358.4’03-dc21 97-46744 CIP Digitize December 2002 from 1998 Printing NOTE: Pagination changed Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: distribution unlimited. Table of Contents Page DISCLAIMER ..................................................................................................................... i FORWARD........................................................................................................................ iii ABOUT THE EDITOR .......................................................................................................v INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. vi GETTING TOGETHER ......................................................................................................1 -
Crusader: Battle for Tobruk
CRUSADER: BATTLE FOR TOBRUK ERRATA: The U.K. Support Fire counter mix should include one additional "+6" Support Fire chit. EXCLUSIVE RULES 10.0 INTRODUCTION 10.1 First Player 11.0 REINFORCEMENTS 11.1 Quantity of Reinforcements 11.2 When Reinforcements Arrive 11.3 Where Reinforcements Arrive 11.4 Reinforcements and Combat 12.0 LINES OF COMMUNICATION 13.0 ENEMY ZONES OF CONTROL 14.0 MINEFIELDS 14.1 Friendly Minefields 14.2 Enemy Minefields 14.3 German Engineers 14.4 Fortified Boxes 15.0 SIDI REZEGH AIRFIELD 16.0 ESCARPMENT HEXSIDES 17.0 VICTORY CONDITIONS 17.1 Sudden Battle Conclusion 18.0 SCENARIOS 19.0 GAME NOTES 10.0 INTRODUCTION Crusader is a simulation of the battle in Libya between forces of the British Commonwealth and those of Germany and Italy (known as Operation Crusader, named after the British Crusader tank). The British were attempting to relieve Tobruk from the ongoing German siege. 10.1 FIRST PLAYER The British player is the first player throughout the game (see 3.0). 11.0 REINFORCEMENTS The British player receives five specific reinforcement units during the game (see 11.1). The German player receives no reinforcements. 11.1 QUANTITY OF REINFORCEMENTS GAME TURN TWO Unit Type: Hexes: 1-1-15 1523, 1524 3-4-9 1525, 1625 GAME TURN SIX 3-3-9 3921 11.2 REINFORCEMENTS ARRIVE At the end of the movement phase (reinforcements may not move during the turn they arrive). Mobile units that arrive at the end of the movement phase may not move during the mobile movement phase. -
Operation Crusader
DESERT WAR PART FOUR: OPERATION CRUSADER DATE: NOVEMBER 18 – DECEMBER 30 1941 Operation Crusader was conducted by the British Eighth Army against Axis forces in North Africa between November 18 and December 30 1941. The operation was intended to relieve the 1941 Siege of Tobruk; the Eighth Army tried to destroy the Axis armored force before advancing its infantry. The plan failed when, after a number of inconclusive engagements, the British 7th Armoured Division was defeated by the Afrika Korps at Sidi Rezegh. Lieutenant General Erwin Rommel ordered German armored divisions to Axis fortress positions on the Egyptian border but failed to find the main body of the Allied infantry, which had bypassed the fortresses and headed for Tobruk. Rommel had to withdraw from the frontier to Tobruk and achieved some tactical success in costly fighting. The need to preserve his remaining forces from destruction prompted Rommel to withdraw his army to the defensive line at Gazala, west of Tobruk and then all the way back to El Agheila. It was the first victory over the German ground forces by British forces in the war. PRELUDE Following the costly failure of Operation Battleaxe, General Archibald Wavell was relieved as Commander-in-Chief Middle East Command and replaced by General Claude Auchinleck. The Western Desert Force was reorganized and renamed the Eighth Army under the command of Lieutenant General Alan Cunningham, who was later replaced by Lieutenant General Neil Ritchie. The Eighth Army comprised two Corps: XXX Corps under Lieutenant General Willoughby Norrie and XIII Corps under Lieutenant General Reade Godwin-Austen. -
Sidi Rezegh and Tobruk Two South African Military Disasters Revisited 1941 - 1942
SIDI REZEGH AND TOBRUK TWO SOUTH AFRICAN MILITARY DISASTERS REVISITED 1941 - 1942 by DAVID BROCK KATZ Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Military Science (Military History) in the Faculty of Military Science at Stellenbosch University. Supervisor: Prof I.J. van der Waag Co-Supervisor: Prof G.E. Visser December 2014 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za “Declaration” By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: 12 November 2014 Copyright © 2014 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za ABSTRACT Sidi Rezegh and Tobruk are the largest disasters suffered by South Africa in its military history. Yet, despite their enormity, Sidi Rezegh and Tobruk are little understood and hardly remembered. South Africa declared war on Germany on the 6 September 1939, after a bitter internal debate, amounting to a conflict between Afrikaner nationalists and those who supported the British Empire. South Africa’s political ambivalence and disunity ran parallel to her unpreparedness for war in every important department from the lack of vital coastal defences to the miniscule size of her army and air force and complete lack of a navy. The first six months of 1941 saw the South Africans play a significant part in completely defeating the Italian colonial forces in East Africa. -
PLAYBOOKPLAYBOOK Table of Contents
PLAYBOOKPLAYBOOK Table of Contents 1.0 Scenarios ...........................................................................2 2.0 ZOC Effects Summary...................................................10 1.1 Compass ..........................................................................2 3.0 OOS Effects Summary ...................................................10 1.2 Sunflower .........................................................................4 Extended Example of Play ..................................................11 1.3 Crusader ...........................................................................6 1.4 Gazala ..............................................................................8 Designer’s Notes ...................................................................19 GMT Games, LLC • P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 • www.GMTGames.com 2 The Dark Sands ~ Playbook 1.0 Scenarios The scenarios are both self-contained and potential starting points in the campaign. The setup instructions contain directions for setting up all units, counters and tracks. The setup instruc- tions also indicate which Units and Assets should be placed on the Reinforcements Track for the scenario being played. Each scenario setup section has the following sections: On Map: Place listed units on the map locations indicated. Available Assets: Place listed Assets in the appropriate “Available Assets” box. Out of Play Units: Place listed units in the game box. Returning Units: Place listed units in their returning location on the “Reinforce- -
The First Battle of El Alamein
Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History Volume 4 Issue 1 Article 3 February 2021 The First Battle of El Alamein Nathan Landrum Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/ljh Part of the European History Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Landrum, Nathan (2021) "The First Battle of El Alamein," Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History: Vol. 4 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/ljh/vol4/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History by an authorized editor of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The First Battle of El Alamein Abstract In June 1942, German and Italian forces under Field Marshal Erwin Rommel launched a successful offensive into British-held Egypt. This move not only threatened the Suez Canal, it presented the opportunity for Germany to seize the oil rich and strategically important Middle East. British and Commonwealth forces under General Sir Claude Auchinleck, however, halted Axis offensive at the First Battle of El Alamein (1-27 July 1942). This engagement proved decisive in the outcome of the North African campaign in World War II and ultimately the European Theater of Operations, as it shifted the balance of toward the Allies, enabling them to drive the Axis out of North Africa by May 1943. This article is available in Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/ljh/vol4/ iss1/3 Landrum: The First Battle of El Alamein The First Battle of El Alamein Nathan Landrum Phi Alpha Theta Biennial Convention January 2-5, 2020 Published by Scholars Crossing, 2021 1 Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History, Vol. -
DACS Working Paper February 1996 the British and American Armies in World War II: Explaining Variations in Organizational Learni
DACS Working Paper February 1996 The British and American Armies in World War II: Explaining Variations in Organizational Learning Patterns Eric Heginbotham The Defense and Arms Control Studies Program is a graduate-level, research and training program based at the MIT Center for International Studies. It is supported by core grants from the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Ford Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, and the DACS Corporate Consortium. WP #96-2 I I The British and American Armies in World War II: Explaining Variations in Organizational Learning Patterns Eric Heginbotham February 1996 Defense and Arms Control Studies Program Working Papers Series L Introduction During the Second World War, American and British armored units fought against the same foe on the same ground using the same equipment. American effectiveness improved dramatically in three years of active operations. British effectiveness improved at a much slower rate during their five years of activity. By 1944, American units were more adept at employing combined arms in concert to achieve a variety of ends, attacking with greater flexibility, and following up tactical success to reap operational and strategic benefits. Why did these military organizations learn and improve at different rates? This question is of more than historical interest. It helps us understand the more fundamental question of how large and complex organizations "learn" lessons and adapt to new circumstances. This paper examines three candidate explanations -
The Impact of Terrain on British Operations and Doctrine in North Africa 1940-1943
University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk 04 University of Plymouth Research Theses 01 Research Theses Main Collection 2014 The impact of terrain on British operations and doctrine in North Africa 1940-1943. Dando, Neal http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3035 Plymouth University All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. The impact of terrain on British operations and doctrine in North Africa 1940-1943. A thesis submitted to the Plymouth University in partial fulfilment for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Humanities Neal Dando Plymouth University January 2014 Copyright Statement This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without the author's prior consent. Abstract This thesis focuses on the extent to which the physical terrain features across Egypt, Libya and Tunisia affected British operations throughout the campaign in North Africa during the Second World War. The study analyses the terrain from the operational and tactical perspectives and argues that the landscape features heavily influenced British planning and operations. These should now be considered alongside other standard military factors when studying military operations. -
The Co Clare War Dead Individual Profiles WW2
Clare in WW2 / The Emergency The Co Clare War Dead Individual Profiles WW2 D Day 1944 - The 2nd US Rangers By Ger Browne The aim of this project is to find out how many men and women from Clare took part in WW2, and the effect of the war on Clare. It is hoped that an extension will be added to the Great War Memorial in Ennis that will include the names of the Clare War Dead from WW2 / The Emergency. At the moment we know that 86 died from Clare as well as in Clare. I would like to thank Keir McNamara, and his late father Peadar McNamara for all their research on WW1 and WW2. Eric Shaw, who has been providing me with amazing WW1 and WW2 information for years, and all the following who have helped make this project possible. Paddy Waldron, The Local Studies Centre, Peter Beirne, Brian Doyle, Guss O’Halloran, Sean Glennon, Jim Molohan, Joe Ó Muircheartaigh, Eddie Lough, Local Parish Booklets, The Clare Champion and The Clare People. I have also named the sources, with many of the names below. I thank them all. The following websites: findagrave website, ancestry.com, fold3.com, http://www.ww2irishaviation.com, and the Commonwealth War Grave Commission. Finally thanks to the Clare Library for publishing all the information, and Larry and James Brennan along with the Clare Roots Society, for all their help. 1 Trooper Martin Barry Trooper Martin Barry: Kilrush. 18th (5th Bn. The Loyal Regt.) Regt., Reconnaissance Corps 6915422. He died as a POW on the 22nd June 1945 aged 26 in Hong Kong, where he was buried in the Sai Wan War Cemetery. -
British 8Th Army in Operation Crusader
8th Army Operation CRUSADER 18 November 1941 8th Army fielded 713 tanks. The goal of Crusader was to destroy the German armour, the key to Axis combat power. Africa Corps could field only 174 Panzers. The following OpOrder was re-created for PME. The flaws in the original plan have been retained for discussion purposes. 8th Army SOFAFI 18 NOV 1941 Operation Order for Operation CRUSADER Task Organization: ANNEX A 1. SITUATION a. General. The Middle East is currently the most important theatre of the war for the British Empire. Aggressive action must be taken immediately to clear the Axis threat in the Western Desert and avoid a simultaneous defense of Egypt on two fronts. When the main threat is eliminated, the Northern front will be reinforced. Egypt must not be lost. b. Enemy. See ANNEX B. The Italian 55th Infantry Division defends the SIDI OMAR to SOLLUM (HALFAYA PASS) frontier. Units of the Italian XX and XXI Corps are besieging TOBRUK. The two armoured divisions, 15th and 21st, and one motorized division, 90th Light, of the Africa Corps, are staged East of TOBRUK. A small German force holds BARDIA, a separate force holds the HALFAYA PASS. c. Friendly. Army Group Middle East attacks and destroys Axis forces in North Africa in to defend Egypt and secure the North African coast. 8th Army is the main effort. Mediterranean Fleet and Air Forces Middle East interdict air and sea traffic between Europe and Africa and cut supply lines to restrict Axis forces in North Africa. 9th Army defends SYRIA and IRAQ to protect Iraqi oil fields and approaches to EGYPT. -
Operation Crusadercrusader Nov.Nov
OperationOperation CrusaderCrusader Nov.Nov. 18-Dec.18-Dec. 3030 19411941 Location: Egypt and Lybia Objective: Relieve Tobruk Historical Background Events before the battle Following the successful 'Operation Compass', which drove the Italians out of Cyrenaica, the Italian government asked for support from Germany. In response, the 'Deutsches AfrikaKorps' (later referred only DAK) began disembarking in Tripoli, Lybia on February 14, 1941. When the British reached El-Agheila, the DAK and fresh Italian troops started an armoured reconnaissance which soon became an offensive, which drove the British back to Egypt. However, Rommel, the 'Desert Fox' bypassed a heavily defended port: Tobruk. Instead of sieging it, he drove to the Egyptian border, occupying key positions along 'The Wire', including Halfaya Pass. Later he tried to assault the city, but failed. Now he just waited, and prepared a new assault on Tobruk, while his men held defensive positions on the border of Egypt. Planning the Battle The British knew the desperate situation of their men in Tobruk, so they've started to plan a third relief attempt. The plan was to engage the Afrika Korps with the 7th Armoured Division while the South African Division covered their left flank. Meanwhile, on their right, XIII Corps, supported by 4th Armoured Brigade (detached from 7th Armoured Division), would make a clockwise flanking advance west of Sidi Omar and hold position threatening the rear of the line of Axis defensive strongpoints which ran east from Sidi Omar to the coast at Halfaya. Central to the plan was the destruction of the Axis armour by 7th Armoured Division to allow the relatively lightly armoured XIII Corps to advance north to Bardia on the coast whilst XXX Corps continued northwest to Tobruk and link with a planned breakout by 70th Division.