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Are You Man Enough to Be a Nurse? the Or Ad Less Traveled Barbara Ann Cook-Krieg Iowa State University

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Are You Man Enough to Be a Nurse? the Or Ad Less Traveled Barbara Ann Cook-Krieg Iowa State University Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2011 Are you man enough to be a nurse? The or ad less traveled Barbara Ann Cook-krieg Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Educational Administration and Supervision Commons Recommended Citation Cook-krieg, Barbara Ann, "Are you man enough to be a nurse? The or ad less traveled" (2011). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 10341. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10341 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Are you man enough to be a nurse? The road less traveled By Barbara A. Cook-Krieg A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Education (Educational Leadership) Program of Study Committee Larry H. Ebbers, Major Professor Frankie Santos Laanan Patricia Leigh Dan Robinson Monica Bruning Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2011 Copyright © Barbara A. Cook-Krieg, 2011. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................ vii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. viii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................1 Background ..........................................................................................................................2 Problem Statement ...............................................................................................................5 Purpose .................................................................................................................................7 Research Questions ..............................................................................................................8 Theoretical Perspective ........................................................................................................8 Research Approach ............................................................................................................12 Assumptions .......................................................................................................................12 The Role of Researcher ......................................................................................................13 Researcher Assumptions ........................................................................................13 Researcher as an Instrument ..................................................................................15 What Did I Expect From the Research? ................................................................16 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................................18 Definition of Terms Used in the Study ..............................................................................19 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................21 Background ........................................................................................................................21 History of Men in Nursing .................................................................................................22 Images of Nurses................................................................................................................25 Traditional Image ...................................................................................................25 Sexual Stereotypes .................................................................................................27 Media .....................................................................................................................29 Career Choice.....................................................................................................................31 Intrinsic Factors: Service to Others and Caring .....................................................31 Extrinsic Factors: Pay, job security, mobility .......................................................37 Influence of Others ................................................................................................38 Educational Experiences ....................................................................................................42 Men as Muscle .......................................................................................................43 Clinical Experiences ..............................................................................................43 Positive Experiences ..............................................................................................44 Demographics ....................................................................................................................44 National Demographics .........................................................................................44 Aging RN Workforce .............................................................................................45 Men in Nursing ......................................................................................................46 RNs in Iowa ...........................................................................................................48 iii Educational Pathways ........................................................................................................49 Community College as Sample Site ..................................................................................50 Basic Nursing Education........................................................................................54 Summary ............................................................................................................................56 CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................58 Theoretical Framework ......................................................................................................59 Methodology ......................................................................................................................60 Methods..............................................................................................................................61 Sampling of Participants ........................................................................................61 Data Collection ..................................................................................................................64 Ethical Considerations ...........................................................................................64 Instrument ..............................................................................................................66 Open Coding ..........................................................................................................69 Trustworthiness and Goodness ..........................................................................................72 Credibility ..............................................................................................................73 Dependability (or Auditability) ..............................................................................75 Confirmability ........................................................................................................77 Transferability ........................................................................................................78 Reflection ...........................................................................................................................78 Limitations .........................................................................................................................85 Geographic Location ..............................................................................................86 Sample Size ............................................................................................................86 Data Collection ......................................................................................................87 Summary ............................................................................................................................88 CHAPTER 4. RESULTS ..............................................................................................................89 Introduction ........................................................................................................................89 Research Question 1 ..........................................................................................................89 Influence of Individuals .........................................................................................90
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