DOCSLIB.ORG

50 MS10 Abstracts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
50 MS10 Abstracts 50 MS10 Abstracts IP1 because of physical requirements like objectivity and plas- Diffusion Generated Motion for Large Scale Simu- tic indifference. The latter leads to the multiplicative de- lations of Grain Growth and Recrystallization composition of the strain tensor and asks to consider the plastic tensor as elements of multiplicative matrix group, A polycrystalline material consists of many crystallites which leads to strong geometric nonlinearities. We show called grains that are differentiated by their varying ori- how polyconvexity and time-incremental minimization can entation. These materials are very common, including be used to establish global existence for elastoplastic evo- most metals and ceramics. The properties of the network lutionary systems. of grains making up these materials influence macroscale properties, such as strength and conductivity. Hence, un- Alexander Mielke derstanding the statistics of the grain network and how it Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics evolves is of great interest. We describe new, efficient nu- Berlin merical algorithms for simulating with high accuracy on [email protected] uniform grids the motion of grain boundaries in polycrys- tals. These algorithms are related to the level set method, but generate the desired geometric motion of a network IP4 of curves or surfaces (along with the appropriate bound- Gels and Microfluidic Devices ary conditions) by alternating two very simple operations for which fast algorithms already exist: Convolution with a Gels are materials that consist of a solid, crosslinked sys- kernel, and the construction of the signed distance function tem in a fluid solvent. They are over-whelmingly present to a set. Motions that can be treated with these algorithms in biological systems and also occur in many aspects of include grain growth under misorientation dependent sur- materials applications. Some gels are mostly characterized face energies, and various models of recrystallization. We by their mechanical properties whereas for the large class will present simulations with hundreds of thousands of fully of hydrogels, the electric effect of ions is the signature fea- resolved grains in 3D. Joint work with Matt Elsey and Pe- ture. In the biomedical industry, mechanical properties of ter Smereka. gels are relevant to the prediction of the life-cycle of body implantable devices such as pacemaker, bone-replacement Selim Esedoglu systems and artifcial skin. Upon body implantation, de- Department of Mathematics vices swell due to the moisture of the environment, result- University of Michigan ing in stress concentrations that may cause failure of the [email protected] device. A main goal is to determine the time evolution of stresses at interfaces between different materials of the device, and controlability conditions that ensure that the IP2 stress values will remain below an allowed threshold. The Accurate and Efficient Atomistic-to-Continuum proposed governing equations involve transport, diffusion, Coupling Methods elasticity and dissipation. To study hydrogels, we explore the coupling of the mechanics of gels with the Poisson- Many materials problems require the accuracy of atomistic Nernst-Planck equations governing the transport and dif- modeling in small regions, such as the neighborhood of a fusion of ions in the solvent, and in the presence of the crack tip. However, these localized defects typically inter- electric potential of the system. We focus on two types of act with a much larger region through long-ranged elastic microuidic models that emerge from such a setting, cyclic fields. These regions are too large to be computed atom- drug-delivery devices and microvalves. istically. Materials scientists have proposed many methods to compute solutions to these multiscale problems by cou- M. Carme Calderer pling atomistic models near a localized defect with contin- University of Minnesota uum models where the deformation is nearly uniform. The [email protected] development of coupling methods for crystalline materials that are reliable and accurate for configurations near the onset of lattice instabilities such as dislocation formation IP5 has been particularly challenging. I will present theory Predictive Atomistic and Coarse-Grained Model- developedwithMathewDobsonandChristophOrtnerto ing of Epitaxial Thin Film Growth assess currently utilized methods and to propose more re- liable, accurate, and efficient methods. Thin film deposition provides a pathway to create a variety of complex surface nanostructures with diverse functional- Mitchell Luskin ity. Atomistic modeling of homoepitaxial film growth (A on School of Mathematics A) on single-crystal surfaces, when combined with kinetic University of Minnesota Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation, has achieved remarkable [email protected] predictive accuracy in describing far-from-equilibrium evo- lution*. This includes both initial submonolayer 2D island formation and subsequent multilayer growth and kinetic IP3 roughening (i.e., formation of 3D mound-like stacks of 2D Approaches to Finite-strain Elastoplasticity islands). Less progress has been made for heteroepitaxy on single-element substrates (A on B) or on alloys (A on BC), Elastoplastic material models involve a decomposition of where strain and quantum size effects can be significant. the strain tensor into an elastic and a plastic part. The As an alternative to atomistic treatments, coarse-grained latter is driven by a nonsmooth evolution law, the flow modeling is appealing from the perspective of algorithmic rule. Small-strain elastoplasticity, which is based on the efficiency, and also to provide deeper insight into funda- additive decomposition of the strain tensor, has developed mental issues such as development 2D island distributions significantly over the last decades, since techniques from or 3D mound coarsening dynamics. We review recent suc- convex analysis and variational inequalities are applicable. cesses and open challenges for modeling. *Evans et al., For finite-strain elastoplasticity, convexity is unacceptable MS10 Abstracts 51 Surf. Sci. Rep. 61 (2006) 1-128. applied stress results in a deformation close to the criti- cal strain, the gel slowly creeps for an extended incubation Jim W. Evans time at which point it catastrophically fails and flows. In Ames Laboratory USDOE and Iowa State University fact, there is a power-law relationship between the applied [email protected] stress and the incubation time. Although similar behav- ior is reported in materials ranging from ketchup to waxy crude oil, surprisingly little is understood about the creep- IP6 ing behavior of materials close to their critical strain. We Symmetries Broken by Electrostatics in Nanoscale have looked to structural kinetic models, which balance the Ionic Assemblies rate of structure formation and stress-induced structure break down, as a way to generalize the problem. These Electrostatic interactions are essential in the structure and approaches should have broad application to a variety of function of biological assemblies since most biomolecules industries and technologies. are charged. Oppositely charged molecules often co- assemble into units with some inherent asymmetry that Matthew Lynch renders functionality. Symmetric electrostatic interactions Proctor & Gamble Company alone are shown to spontaneously break symmetries at the [email protected] nanometer scale, such as the formation of helical ionic pat- terns on fibers and the buckling of ionic shells into icosa- Alan Graham hedra. Through varying the strength of the electrostatic Los Alamos National Laboratory interactions we control the pitch of the helical patterns of [email protected] the surface of virus-like fibers or of aqueous channels. In ionic spheres, correlations may lead to faceting into icosa- hedra without rotational symmetry. This buckling appears IP9 on vesicles of cationic-anionic molecules, as well as on co- Mathematical Modelling of Hydrogen Fuel Cells adsorbed charged molecules that form ionic rafts. Hydrogen Fuel Cells can efficiently convert Hydrogen fuel Monica Olvera De La Cruz and air to electrical power with zero emissions. This Northwestern University talk concerns Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells [email protected] (PEMFC). A general overview of how these devices are constructed and how they work is given. PEMFCs are IP7 fundamentally multi-scale. The central component of a PEMFC (the Membrane Electrode Assembly or MEA) has Polycrystalline Materials: Greater Than the Sum micron scale. The MEA is made of composite layers which of Their Crystals must facilitate selective multiphase transport of reactants Polycrystalline materials are pervasive in nature and en- to and products from catalyst sites. The need for com- gineering, and have long been studied as a collection of posite materials with these selective transport properties individual crystalline grains. Mathematical tools to repre- is a recurring theme in energy conversion and storage ap- sent the statistics of many individual grains and to more plications. MEAs are built into unit cells which are then intuitively visualize the grain structure were developed long arranged in stacks. The micro-components have behaviour ago, and have greatly facilitated advances in understand- determined by their structure on the nano-scale. Modelling ing and designing these materials. However, it is not the stack level behaviour from component models and compo- crystals themselves, but the boundaries between crystals, nents from
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Highlights Se- Mathematics and Engineering— the Lead Signers of the Letter Exhibit
    June 2003 NEWS Volume 12, No.6 A Publication of The American Physical Society http://www.aps.org/apsnews Nobel Laureates, Industry Leaders Petition April Meeting Prizes & Awards President to Boost Science and Technology Prizes and Awards were presented to seven- Sixteen Nobel Laureates in that “unless remedied, will affect call for “a Presidential initiative for teen recipients at the Physics and sixteen industry lead- our scientific and technological FY 2005, following on from your April meeting in Philadel- ers have written to President leadership, thereby affecting our budget of FY 2004, and focusing phia. George W. Bush to urge increas- economy and national security.” on the long-term research portfo- After the ceremony, ing funding for physical sciences, The letter, which is dated April lios of DOE, NASA, and the recipients and their environmental sciences, math- 14th, also indicates that “the Department of Commerce, in ad- guests gathered at the ematics, computer science and growth in expert personnel dition to NSF and NIH,” that, Franklin Institute for a engineering. abroad, combined with the di- “would turn around a decade-long special reception. The letter, reinforcing a recent minishing numbers of Americans decline that endangers the future Photo Credit: Stacy Edmonds of Edmonds Photography Council of Advisors on Science and entering the physical sciences, of our nation.” The top photo shows four of the five women recipients in front of a space-suit Technology report, highlights se- mathematics and engineering— The lead signers of the letter exhibit. They are (l to r): Geralyn “Sam” Zeller (Tanaka Award); Chung-Pei rious funding problems in the an unhealthy trend—is leading were Burton Richter, director Michele Ma (Maria-Goeppert Mayer Award); Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat physical sciences and related fields corporations to locate more of emeritus of SLAC, and Craig (Heineman Prize); and Helen Edwards (Wilson Prize).
    [Show full text]
  • Berni Julian Alder, Theoretical Physicist and Inventor of Molecular Dynamics, 1925–2020 Downloaded by Guest on September 24, 2021 9 E
    RETROSPECTIVE BerniJulianAlder,theoreticalphysicistandinventor of molecular dynamics, 1925–2020 RETROSPECTIVE David M. Ceperleya and Stephen B. Libbyb,1 Berni Julian Alder, one of the leading figures in the invention of molecular dynamics simulations used for a wide array of problems in physics and chemistry, died on September 7, 2020. His career, spanning more than 65 years, transformed statistical mechanics, many body physics, the study of chemistry, and the microscopic dynamics of fluids, by making atomistic computational simulation (in parallel with traditional theory and exper- iment) a new pathway to unexpected discoveries. Among his many honors, the CECAM prize, recognizing exceptional contributions to the simulation of the mi- croscopic properties of matter, is named for him. He was awarded the National Medal of Science by President Berni Julian Alder in 2015. Image credit: Lawrence Obama in 2008. Livermore National Laboratory. Alder was born to Ludwig Adler and Otillie n ´ee Gottschalk in Duisburg, Germany on September 9, sampling algorithm that was to revolutionize statistical 1925. Alder’s father Ludwig was a chemist who worked physics (1). Teller recruited Alder to the just-founded in the German aluminum industry. When the Nazis Lawrence Radiation Laboratory (later, the Lawrence Liv- came to power in 1933, Alder, his parents, elder ermore National Laboratory), where he, along with brother Henry, and twin brother Charles fled to Zurich, other young talented scientists, built a unique “can Switzerland. In 1941, they further emigrated to the do” scientific culture that thrives to this day. United States (becoming “Alders” in the process), Beginning in the mid-1950s, Alder, who possessed where they settled in Berkeley, California.
    [Show full text]
  • SPRING 1991 in This Newsletter You Will Find: 1. Announcement and 2Nd
    NEWSLETTER - SPRING 1991 In this Newsletter you will find: 1. Announcement and 2nd Call for Papers for Physics Computing ’91 2. Announcement of the 14th International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas 3. Announcement of the 4th International Conference on Computational Physics in Prague 4. In Memory of Sid Fernbach 5. Transition to Divisional Status Expected 6. Fellowship Nomination Process 7. Message from Chair 8. Other News Items 9. Roster of Executive Committee 10. Voting Instructions and Election Information PHYSICS COMPUTING ’91 including The 3rd International Conference on Computational Physics Announcement and Second Call for Papers The Topical Group on Computational Physics has combined forces with the editors of the AIP journal Computers in Physics to bring you a full week on the many aspects of the use of computers in physics including the traditional topics of computational physics. The meeting will convene on 10 June 1991 in the San Jose Convention Center and run through 14 June 1991. San Jose is located some 40 miles southeast of San Francisco at the south end of the San Francisco Bay, and is in the heart of “Silicon” Valley. The universities, national laboratories, and the large assortment of computer hardware and software companies in the region make San Jose an ideal venue for this meeting. The meeting program consists of plenary, oral, poster, and tutorial sessions, with many invited papers being given in the oral sessions. We are fortunate to have D. Allan Bromley, Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, to give our Keynote Address. Our meeting format consists of several 90-minute sessions arranged such that the plenary sessions do not run in parallel with other sessions and with 3-hour poster sessions held in the exhibit hall.
    [Show full text]
  • Berni Alder (1925–2020)
    Obituary Berni Alder (1925–2020) Theoretical physicist who pioneered the computer modelling of matter. erni Alder pioneered computer sim- undergo a transition from liquid to solid. Since LLNL ulation, in particular of the dynamics hard spheres do not have attractive interac- of atoms and molecules in condensed tions, freezing maximizes their entropy rather matter. To answer fundamental ques- than minimizing their energy; the regular tions, he encouraged the view that arrangement of spheres in a crystal allows more Bcomputer simulation was a new way of doing space for them to move than does a liquid. science, one that could connect theory with A second advance concerned how non- experiment. Alder’s vision transformed the equilibrium fluids approach equilibrium: field of statistical mechanics and many other Albert Einstein, for example, assumed that areas of applied science. fluctuations in their properties would quickly Alder, who died on 7 September aged 95, decay. In 1970, Alder and Wainwright dis- was born in Duisburg, Germany. In 1933, as covered that this intuitive assumption was the Nazis came to power, his family moved to incorrect. If a sphere is given an initial push, Zurich, Switzerland, and in 1941 to the United its average velocity is found to decay much States. After wartime service in the US Navy, more slowly. This caused a re-examination of Alder obtained undergraduate and master’s the microscopic basis for hydrodynamics. degrees in chemistry from the University of Alder extended the reach of simulation. California, Berkeley. While working for a PhD In molecular dynamics, the forces between at the California Institute of Technology in molecules arise from the electronic density; Pasadena, under the physical chemist John these forces can be described only by quan- Kirkwood, he began to use mechanical com- tum mechanics.
    [Show full text]
  • The Early Years of Quantum Monte Carlo (1): the Ground State
    The Early Years of Quantum Monte Carlo (1): the Ground State Michel Mareschal1,2, Physics Department, ULB , Bruxelles, Belgium Introduction In this article we shall relate the history of the implementation of the quantum many-body problem on computers, and, more precisely, the usage of random numbers to that effect, known as the Quantum Monte Carlo method. The probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics should have made it very natural to rely on the usage of (pseudo-) random numbers to solve problems in quantum mechanics, whenever an analytical solution is out of range. And indeed, very rapidly after the appearance of electronic machines in the late forties, several suggestions were made by the leading scientists of the time , - like Fermi, Von Neumann, Ulam, Feynman,..etc- which would reduce the solution of the Schrödinger equation to a stochastic or statistical problem which , in turn, could be amenable to a direct modelling on a computer. More than 70 years have now passed and it has been witnessed that, despite an enormous increase of the computing power available, quantum Monte Carlo has needed a long time and much technical progresses to succeed while numerical quantum dynamics mostly remains out of range at the present time. Using traditional methods for the implementation of quantum mechanics on computers has often proven inefficient, so that new algorithms needed to be developed. This is very much in contrast with what happened for classical systems. At the end of the fifties, the two main methods of classical molecular simulation, Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics, had been invented and an impressively rapid development was going to take place in the following years: this has been described in previous works [Mareschal,2018] [Battimelli,2018].
    [Show full text]
  • Newsline Year in Review 2020
    NEWSLINE YEAR IN REVIEW 2020 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY YELLOW LINKS ARE ACCESSIBLE ON THE LAB’S INTERNAL NETWORK ONLY. 1 BLUE LINKS ARE ACCESSIBLE ON BOTH THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL LAB NETWORK. IT WAS AN EXCEPTIONAL YEAR, DESPITE RESTRICTIONS hough 2020 was dominated by events surrounding LLNL scientists released “Getting to Neutral: Options for the COVID pandemic — whether it was adapting Negative Carbon Emissions in California,” identifying a to social distancing and the need to telecommute, robust suite of technologies to help California clear the T safeguarding employees as they returned to last hurdle and become carbon neutral — and ultimately conduct mission-essential work or engaging in carbon negative — by 2045. COVID-related research — the Laboratory managed an exceptional year in all facets of S&T and operations. The Lab engineers and biologists developed a “brain-on-a- Lab delivered on all missions despite the pandemic and chip” device capable of recording the neural activity of its restrictions. living brain cell cultures in three dimensions, a significant advancement in the realistic modeling of the human brain The year was marked by myriad advances in high outside of the body. Scientists paired 3D-printed, living performance computing as the Lab moved closer to human brain vasculature with advanced computational making El Capitan and exascale computing a reality. flow simulations to better understand tumor cell attachment to blood vessels and developed the first living Lab researchers completed assembly and qualification 3D-printed aneurysm to improve surgical procedures and of 16 prototype high-voltage, solid state pulsed-power personalize treatments. drivers to meet the delivery schedule for the Scorpius radiography project.
    [Show full text]
  • Recipients of Major Scientific Awards a Descriptive And
    RECIPIENTS OF MAJOR SCIENTIFIC AWARDS A DESCRIPTIVE AND PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS by ANDREW CALVIN BARBEE DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Texas at Arlington December 16, 2016 Arlington, Texas Supervising Committee: James C. Hardy, Supervising Professor Casey Graham Brown John P. Connolly Copyright © by Andrew Barbee 2016 All Rights Reserved ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. James Hardy for his willingness to serve on my committee when the university required me to restart the dissertation process. He helped me work through frustration, brainstorm ideas, and develop a meaningful study. Thank you to the other members of the dissertation committee, including Dr. Casey Brown and Dr. John Connolly. Also, I need to thank Andy Herzog with the university library. His willingness to locate needed resources, and provide insightful and informative research techniques was very helpful. I also want to thank Dr. Florence Haseltine with the RAISE project for communicating with me and sharing award data. And thank you, Dr. Hardy, for introducing me to Dr. Steven Bourgeois. Dr. Bourgeois has a gift as a teacher and is a humble and patient coach. I am thankful for his ability to stretch me without pulling a muscle. On a more personal note, I need to thank my father, Andy Barbee. He saw this day long before I did and encouraged me to pursue the doctorate. In addition, he was there during my darkest hour, this side of heaven, and I am eternally grateful for him. Thank you to our daughter Ana-Alicia.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 Jewish Senior Living Magazine
    2009/2010 UCSF and the Jewish Home A world of interests at Rehabbing the Jewish partner for research Moldaw Family Residences Home’s rehab center TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 ON THE HOME FRONT 28 ABOVE PAR Daniel Ruth unveils an exciting new plan for the Jewish The Jewish Home scores at its annual Home and Arlene Krieger comments on how community golf tournament and auction. participation is essential to make it all possible. 30 UP TO THE CHALLENGE 6 PASSING THE GAVEL Shirley and Ben Eisler take up the golf Mark Myers, outgoing chair of the Jewish Home’s board of and Jewish Home gauntlet. trustees, and Michael Adler, incoming chair, compare notes. 32 DESIGN FOR LIFE 7 PARTNERS IN RESEARCH A new fundraising campaign will stretch space and Dr. Janice Schwartz describes the novel partnership capacity for the Home’s top-notch rehabilitation services. between the Jewish Home and UCSF that will break new ground for research and testing. 34 LEAVING A LEGACY Five exemplary community members leave 10 MOLDAW FAMILY RESIDENCES enduring legacies with the Jewish Home. AT 899 CHARLESTON At this unique senior living community, a world of 37 OUR DONORS interests is just outside each person’s door. Annual Fund donors demonstrate acts of loving kindness. 15 PROFILE IN COMMITMENT 46 THAT’S THE SPIRIT Supporting the elderly and vulnerable are exactly what Linda Kalinowski says she gets more than she gives, her late husband would want, says Susan Koret. volunteering as a spiritual care partner at the Jewish Home. 26 30 17 100 YEARS OF PRIDE AND JOY 48 JEWISH HOME SERVICE VOLUNTEERS Centenarian Theodore ‘Ted’ Rosenberg included The Home’s corps of active volunteers gives from the heart.
    [Show full text]
  • MATERIALS and MOLECULAR RESEARCH DIVISION Annual Report 1982
    LBL-I5150 DISCLAIMER Thit report was prepared si an account of work sponsored by an ageacy of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor aay agency thereof, aor any of their LBL--15150 employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes aay legal liability or respotat- bility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that fts use would not infringe privately owned rights. Refer­ DE83 015005 ence herein to any specific- commercial product, process, or service by trade name, tradcaaark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recom­ mendation, or favoring by the United States Government or aay agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. MATERIALS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH DIVISION Annual Report 1982 May 1983 Alan w. Searcy, Division-Head Rolf H. Muller, Asst. Division Head for Research Conway V. Peterson. Asst. Division Head for Administration Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California Berkeley, California 94720 mm msimroran nr THIS Mwetr IS m\wmi % I Materials Sciences II Chemical Sciences I III Nuclear Sciences I IV Fossil Energy I V Advanced Isotope Separation Technology I VI Energy Storage I VII Magnetic Fusion Energy I VIII Nuclear Waste Management I IX Work for Others I X Appendices I V Contents GENERAL INTRODUCTION xxiii I. MATERIALS SCIENCES A. Metallurgy and Ceramics 1. Structure of Materials a. Structure and Properties of Transformation Interfaces Ronald Gronsky, Investigator 1. Grain Boundaries in Body-Centered Cubic Metals 1 2.
    [Show full text]
  • INTERVIEW Arrow Forward
    Berni J. Alder, Interview Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 U. S. A. Email: [email protected] Û Û Û Ò Ö ×Ù ×× ÑÒ×Ø Ð ÖØÑÐ URL: ØØÔ Foreword Berni J. Alder was awarded the 2001 Bolzmann medal for inventing the technique of molec- ular dynamics simulation and showing that with such ”computer experiments” important dis- coveries in the field of statistical mechanics can be made, in particular the melting/crystallization transition of hard spheres and the long-time decay of auto-correlation functions in fluids. He has also played a key role in the development of Monte Carlo methods, both classical and quantum. Part I of this interview took place in Konstanz in the company of Giovanni Ciccotti and David Ceperley, on 9 September 2001, the eve of the SIMU conference “Bridging the Time- Scale Gap”. Part II was originally scheduled for the evening of September 11, 2001, and for obvious reasons, was postponed. It was completed in Berkeley during the mini-statistical mechanics meeting organized by David Chandler, January 2002. Conducting this interview has been a pleasurable duty for us, which we hope you will enjoy. Donal´ Mac Kernan and Michel Mareschal CECAM, Lyon, March 2002 To distinguish the interlocutors, we have used the following key. Plain text : Berni Alder; bold text G: Giovanni Ciccotti; D.C: David Ceperley; D: D´onal Mac Kernan; M: Michel Mareshal. 15 Part I The Early Years D: Berni, can you tell us about your childhood in Germany before you went to Switzer- land ? Yes, I lived in Duisburg for about eight years, and left in 1933.
    [Show full text]
  • Lester Transcript Corrected
    1 William Lester transcript Robert Bergman: I'm Robert Bergman, a professor emeritus of chemistry at UC Berkeley. And I'm pleased to be able to interview Professor William Lester, who is professor emeritus in chemistry as well, and furthermore an old friend. We've been in the department for a long time together. So I'm going to start the interview by first introducing Bill, and asking him a little bit about growing up in his early years. One of the nice things about this is that we both grew up in Chicago about the same time. And so I'd like to start, Bill, by asking you to say a little bit about your early years in Chicago, the influence of your parents and grandparents, and basically how you got started with your interest in chemistry. William Lester: Oh, OK. Yes I'm from the South Side of Chicago, which I think differs from you, Bob. Bergman: Actually, I was on the South Side too. We were in very different environments. Lester: OK. So basically I started in Woodlawn. That's 60 hundred or so south; {NOTE CHANGE} this is slightly southwest of the University of Chicago. And growing up there was fascinating, and in retrospect it was interesting to perceive my parents and grandparents, in the sense that there was a real class distinction. On my mother's side there was college education and on my father's side not at all; high school was the terminus. Growing up in the neighborhood we did {NOTE CHANGE}-- because of the residential segregation of the city of Chicago, I went to an all-black elementary school for the first three years, that was integrated in the sense of some white teachers and also a white principal at that institution.
    [Show full text]
  • National Medal of Science"
    Les lauréats du Cinquantenaire de la "National Medal of Science" Le 7 octobre 2009, lors d’une cérémonie à la Maison Blanche, le Président Obama remettra à neuf chercheurs la "National Medal of Science", et à quatre inventeurs et une entreprise la "National Medal of Technology and Innovation". Ces récompenses couronnent les meilleurs scientifiques, ingénieurs et inventeurs de l’année 2008 dans les domaines des sciences biologiques, des sciences du comportement, des sciences physiques, de la chimie, de l’ingénierie, de l’informatique et des mathématiques. Créée par un décret du Congrès en 1959, la "National Medal of Science" est administrée pour la Maison Blanche, par la "National Science Foundation". Chaque année, la médaille nationale de la science récompense les individus pour leurs contributions remarquables en science et en ingénierie. Elle fut décernée pour la première fois en 1963, par le President John F. Kennedy, à Theodore Von Karman, pour ses travaux en ingénierie aéronautique au "California Institute of Technology". Les lauréats 2008 de la "National Medal of Science" sont : – Berni Alder, professeur émérite en sciences appliquées à l’Université de Californie – Davis, et consultant pour l"Institute for Scientific Computing Research" au "Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". Il est l’inventeur de la technique de simulation dynamique moléculaire, et est lauréat du prix Boltzmann en 2001. – Francis Collins, directeur des "National Institutes of Health" (Maryland). Il fut directeur du "National Human Genome Research Institute" (NHGRI) de 1993 à 2008. Il a reçu en 2007 la "Presidential Medal of Freedom" pour ses recherches en génétique. – Joanna Fowler, directrice du programme "Radiotracer Chemistry, Instrumentation and Biological Imaging" au sein de l’"U.S.
    [Show full text]