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MATERIALS and MOLECULAR RESEARCH DIVISION Annual Report 1982

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MATERIALS and MOLECULAR RESEARCH DIVISION Annual Report 1982 LBL-I5150 DISCLAIMER Thit report was prepared si an account of work sponsored by an ageacy of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor aay agency thereof, aor any of their LBL--15150 employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes aay legal liability or respotat- bility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that fts use would not infringe privately owned rights. Refer­ DE83 015005 ence herein to any specific- commercial product, process, or service by trade name, tradcaaark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recom­ mendation, or favoring by the United States Government or aay agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. MATERIALS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH DIVISION Annual Report 1982 May 1983 Alan w. Searcy, Division-Head Rolf H. Muller, Asst. Division Head for Research Conway V. Peterson. Asst. Division Head for Administration Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California Berkeley, California 94720 mm msimroran nr THIS Mwetr IS m\wmi % I Materials Sciences II Chemical Sciences I III Nuclear Sciences I IV Fossil Energy I V Advanced Isotope Separation Technology I VI Energy Storage I VII Magnetic Fusion Energy I VIII Nuclear Waste Management I IX Work for Others I X Appendices I V Contents GENERAL INTRODUCTION xxiii I. MATERIALS SCIENCES A. Metallurgy and Ceramics 1. Structure of Materials a. Structure and Properties of Transformation Interfaces Ronald Gronsky, Investigator 1. Grain Boundaries in Body-Centered Cubic Metals 1 2. Grain Boundaries and Interfaces in Semiconductors . 2 3. Transformation Interfaces in Aluminum Alloys 2 1982 Publications ano Reports 3 b. Microstructure, Properties, Alloy Design: Inorganic Materials Gareth Thomas- Investigator A. Alloy Design: Medium Carbon Steels 1. Characterization of the Effects of Laser Heat-Treatment Upon the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fe/3Cr/2Mn/0.5Mo/0.3C 4 2. Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Lower Bsinite in a 0.3»C-3%Cr-2^Mn Steel 5 3. The Nature and Origin of Sliding Wear Debris from Steels 5 4. Fundamentals of Abrasive Wear 6 B. Alloy Design: Low-Carbon Dual Phase Steels 1. Design of High Strength Dual-Phase Steel Wire G C. Magnetic Materials 1. EM Study of CaO Segregation at the Grain Boundaries in (Mn,Zn)Fe 0 7 2. Development 2of4 the Cellular Microstructure in the SmCo7 4-Type Magnets .. 8 3. Electront Microscopy of Mn-Al Magnets B 4. Annealing of High Permeability (Mn,Zn)Fe204 9 1982 Publications and Reports 9 c. Solid State Phase Transformation Mechanisms Kenneth H. Westmacott, Investigator 1. Precipitation in the Pt-C System 11 '. Ledge Structure and Precipitate Growth in Al-Cu 11 3. The Relationship Between Invariant Line Strain and Precipitate Needle Growth 11 4. M02C Precipitate Structure and Morphology in Molybdenum 12 5. Work in Progress 13 1982 Publications and Reports 13 VI d. National Center for Electron Microscopy Gareth Thomas, Ronald Gronsky, and Kenneth H. Westmacott, Investigators 1. 1.5 MeV High Voltage Electron Microscope 14 2. Atomic Resolution Microscope 19 3. Periodic Extension in Optical Diffraction Analysis . , 20 4. Real '"pace Image Sirrjlatiou in High Resolution Microscopy 20 5. Characterization of A1N Ceramics Containing Long Period Polytypoids •- 21 1982 Publications and Reports 21 e. In-Situ Investigations of Gas-Solid Reactions by Electron Microscopy James W. Evans and Kenneth H. Westmacott, Investigators 1. Tne Microstructure and Reactivity of Metal Oxides 22 1982 Publications and Reports 24 f. Local Atomic Configurations in Solid Solutions Oidier de Fontaine, Investigator 1. Long-Period Superstructures 25 2. YTT Diagrams , 25 1982 Publications and Reports , 26 Mechanical Properties a. Theoretical Problems in Alloy Design John W. Morris, Jr., Investigator 1. The Linear Elastic Theory of Phase Transformations in Sends 27 2. Dislocation Motion at Low Temperature 27 3. Microstructural Sources of the Ductile-To-Brittle Transition in Steel 28 4. The Coupling Between Magnetic- and Deformation-Induced Martensite in Metastable Austenitic Steels 29 5. Mossbauer Spectrometry 29 6. The Metallurgy of Fe-Mn Steels 29 7. High Temperature Embrittlenent of an Iron-Based Superalloy ....... 30 8. Micros' ucture Control During Welding of Ferritic Steels 30 9. SuperaVoy Welding . 30 10. The Use of Heat Treatment to Improve the Critical Current of Bronze-Process Multifilamentary Superconducting Wire 31 11. The Influence of Magnesium Additions on the Properties of Multifilamentary Nb3Sn Superconducting Wire 31 3982 Publications and Reports 32 b. Mechanical Properties of Ceramics Anthony G. Evans, Investigator High Temperature Failure 1. High Temperature Failure Initiation in Liquid Phase Sintered Materials 34 2. A Damage Model of Creep Crack Growth in Poiycrystals 34 3. High Crack Growth in Polycrystalline Alumina 35 4. The Influence of Inhomogeneities on High Temperature Failure in Ceramics 35 Sintering 1. Microstructure Evolution During Sintering: The Role of Evaporation/Condensation , 36 vi i 2. An Experimental Assessment of Pore Breakaway During Sintering 36 3. Initial Stage Sintering with Coupled Grain Boundary and Surface Diffusion 37 1982 Publications and Reports 37 c. Environmentally Affected Crack Growth in Engineering Materials Robert 0. Ritchie, Investigator 1. On the Load Ratio Dependence of Fatigue Thresholds 39 2. Influence of Viscous Environments on Fatigue Crack Growth 40 3. Fatigue Resistant Microstructures in Dual-Phase Steels 40 4. Mechanisms of Fatigue Crack Growth Under Variable Amplitude Loading 40 1982 Publications and Reports 40 3. Physical Properties a. Interfaces and Ceramic Microstructures Joseph A. Pask, Investigator 1. wetting and Reactions in the Lead Borosilicate Glass-Precious Metal Systems 43 2. The Silica-Alumina System 43 1982 Publications and Reports M b. High Temperature Reactions Alan W. Searcy, Investigator 1. The Equilibrium Shapes of Crystals and of Cavities in Crystals 45 2. Effects of Particle Size and Powder Bed Size on Calcite Decomposition Rates 45 3. Possible Metastability of MgO Resulting From the Decomposition of Mg(0H)2 46 4. Confirmation of Bimodal Pore Size Distribution in CaO from Calcite Decomposition 47 5. Gas Flow Through Porous Barriers: The O^-Pt, CO-Pt Systems 47 1982 Publications and Reports 48 c. Structure-Property Relationships in Semiconductor Materials Jack Washburn, Investigator 1. The Mechanism of Degradation of CujS-CdS Solar Cells as Revealed by High Resolution Electron Microscopy 49 2. An Application of High Resolution Lattice Imaging Electron Microscopy to a Study of the Mechanism of the Crystalline to Amorphous Transformation 49 3. Effect of Recoil Implanted Oxygen on the Development of Secondary Defects in MOS Test Wafers 50 4. In-Situ Observations of MeV Electron Beam Induced Crystal Growth into an Amorphous Layer in Silicon 50 5. Effect of Temperature and Displacement Damage on the Growth of Amorphous Layers in Silicon . 50 6. A Model for Redistribution of Phosphorus During Annealing of High Dose Ion Implanted Silicon 51 7. Diffraction Extinction Conditions for Silicon and Other Materials with Diamond Glide Planes 51 1982 Publications and Reports r_ viit d. Chemical Properties and Processing of Refractory Ceramics Lutgard C. De Jonghe, Investigator 1. Processing of Ceramics ..... 53 2. Structure and Nonstoichiometry of Calcium Aluminates 53 3. Work in Progress 55 1982 Publications and Reports 55 e. Structure and Electrical Properties of Composite Materials Robert H. Bragg, Investigator 2. Density of Heat-Treated GC , . 56 2. Pore Growth in Glassy Carbon 57 3. Work in Progress 57 1982 Publications and Reports 57 f. High Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion of Materials David P. Whittle, Investigator 1. Mechanism of Peg Growth and Influence on Scale Adhesion 58 2. Microstructure and Growth of Protective CrgO^ and AI2O3 Scales at High Temperature 59 3. The Influence of Alloy Microstructure on AI2O3 Peg Morphologies in CoCrAl Alloys and Coatings 60 4. Sulfur Diffusion in Oxide Grain Boundaries .... 60 5. The Effects of SO2 and SO3 on the Na2S04 Induced Corrosion of Nickel 61 6. Effects or Chlorides on NagSO^Induced Hot Corrosion c" *CrAl 61 7. Multiphase Diffusional Growth During Aluminizing 62 8. High Temperature Oxidation of Ni-Co Alloy . 62 1982 Publications and Reports 63 g. Ceramic Interfaces Andreas M. Glaeser, Investigator 1. Grain Boundary Mobility Measurements in MgO-Doped AI2O3 ... 64 1982 Publications and Reports 65 4. Engineering Materials a. Abrasive, Erosive, and Sliding Wear of Materials Iain Finnie, Investigator 1. Sliding Wear of Dissimilar Metals . 66 2. Abrasive Wear 66 3. An Overview of Wear . 66 1982 Publications and Reports 67 b. Erosion-Corrosion Wear Program Alan V. Levy, Investigator 2. Measurement and Numerical Modeling of Two Phase Flew 68 2. Measurements of Air Flow in a Curved Pipe Using Laser-Doppler Velocimetry ... 68 3. Particle Flow Characteristics Determination in Gas and * Liquid-Solid Particle Streams 68 1982 Publications and Reports l; 69 ix c. Erosion of Brittle Solids Anthony G. Evans, Investigator 1. The Mechanical Behavior of Brittle Coatings and Layers 70 2. Measurements of Dynamic Hardness by a Controlled Impact Technique 71 1982 Publications and Reports 71 d. Chemical Degradation of Refractories David P. Whittle, Investigator
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