DOCSLIB.ORG

Bibliothèque

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

- 2.2 DFO Lb ary MPO - Bibliothèque F.55 —7 c Ill 11 Ill 11 11 11 11 11 12021814 C I Preliminary Laboratory Study of the Effects of Burial by AMAX/Kitsault Mine Tailings on Marine Invertebrates B.J. Reid and J. Baumann Water Quality Unit Habitat Management Division Field Services Branch Department of Fisheries and Oceans 1090 West Pender Street Vancouver, B.C. V6E 2P1 August, 1984 \Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 1781 Fisheries Pêches 1+ and Oceans et Océans Canacrd. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Manuscript reports contain scientific and technical information that contributes to existing knowledge but which deals with national or regional problems. Distribu- tion is restricted to institutions or individuals located in particular regions of Canada. However, no restriction is placed on subject matter, and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, namely, fis heries and aquatic sciences. Manuscript reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Each report is abstracted in Aquatic. Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts and indexed in the Department's annual index to scientific and technical publications. Numbers 1-900 in this series were issued as Manuscript Reports (Biological Series) of the Biological Board of Canada, and subsequent to 1937 when the name of the Board was changed by Act of Parliament, as Manuscript Reports (Biological Series) of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Numbers 901-1425 were issued as Manuscript Reports of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Numbers 1426-1550 were issued as Department of Fisheries and the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service Manuscript Reports. The current series name was changed with report number 1551. Manuscript reports are produced regionally but are numbered nationally. Requests for individual reports will be filled by the issuing establishment listed on the front cover and title page. Out-of-stock reports will be supplied for a fee by commercial agents. Rapport manuscrit canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Les rapports manuscrits contiennent des renseignements scientifiques et techni- ques qui constituent une contribution aux connaissances actuelles, mais qui traitent de problèmes nationaux ou régionaux. La distribution en est limitée aux organismes et aux personnes de régions particulières du Canada. Il n'y a aucune restriction quant au sujet; de fait, la série reflète la vaste gamme des intérêts et des politiques du ministère des Pêches et des Océans, c'est-à-dire les sciences halieutiques et aquatiques. Les rapports manuscrits peuvent être cités comme des publications complètes. Le titre exact paraît au-dessus du résumé de chaque rapport. Les rapports manuscrits sont résumés dans la revue Résumés des sciences aquatiques et halieutiques, et ils sont classés dans l'index annuel des publications scientifiques et techniques du Ministère. Les numéros 1 à 900 de cette série ont été publiés à titre de manuscrits (série biologique) de l'Office de biologie du Canada, et après le changement de la désignation de cet organisme par décret du Parlement, en 1937, ont été classés comme manuscrits (série biologique) de l'Office des recherches sur les pêcheries du Canada. Les numéros 901 à 1425 ont été publiés à titre de rapports manuscrits de l'Office des recherches sur les pêcheries du Canada. Les numéros 1426 à 1550 sont parus à titre de rapports manuscrits du Service des pêches et de la mer, ministère des Pêches et de l'Environne- ment. Le nom actuel de la série a été établi lors de la parution du numéro 1551. Les rapports manuscrits sont produits à l'échelon régional, mais numérotés à l'échelon national. Les demandes de rapports seront satisfaites par l'établissement auteur dont le nom figure sur la couverture et la page du titre. Les rapports épuisés seront fournis contre rétribution par des agents commerciaux. Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 1781 August, 1984 PRELIMINARY LABORATORY STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF BURIAL BY AMAX/KITSAULT MINE TAILINGS ON MARINE INVERTEBRATES B.J. Reid and J. Baumann Water Quality Unit Habitat Management Division Field Services Branch Department of Fisheries and Oceans 1090 West Pender Street Vancouver, B.C., V6E 2P1 Fiihe.ries & Oceans LIBRARY OCT 2$19B4 I U L 10 1 H ,ÈQUE Pêches & Océans - ji - @ Minister of §Lipply and Services Canada 1984 Cat. No. Fs 97-4/1781E ISSN 0706-6473 Correct citation for this publication: Reid B.J,and J. Baumann. 1984. Preliminary laboratory study of the effects of buial by Amax/Kitsault mine tailings on marine,jnyrtebrates. Can. MS. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1781: vi + 45p. !H ï TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ........................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ........ .................................... iv LIST OF APPENDICES ........................................ iv ABSTRACT .................................................. v . RESUME .................................................... vi INTRODUCTION .............................................. 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS ..................................... 2 SEDIMENT COLLECTION .................................... 2 INVERTEBRATE COLLECTION . ............................... 2 Subtidal Species .................................... 2 Intertidal Species .................................. 3 CONTINUOUS DEPOSITION STUDIES .......................... 4 STATIC BURIAL STUDIES . ................................. 7 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS ...................................... 9 RESULTS . .................................................. 10 SEDIMENT AND WATER CHEMISTRY ........................... 10 CONTINUOUS DEPOSITION STUDIES . ......................... 11 Twenty-Eight Day Exposure ........... ................ 11 Eleven Day Exposure .... ............................. 11 STATIC BURIAL STUDIES . ................................. 12 Yoldia thraciaeformis ......... ...................... 12 Macoma calcarea ..................................... 13 Sternaspis scutata ............. ..................... 14 Chionoecetes bairdï ................... .............. 14 DISCUSSION . ............................................... 15 GENERAL OVERVIEW ....................................... 15 Bivalves ............................................ 15 Polychaetes .... ..................................... 18 Crustaceans ................. ........................ 19 FACTORS AFFECTING INVERTEBRATE ESCAPE ABILITY AFTER BURIAL ................................................. 21 GENERAL DISCUSSION ..................................... 23 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . ......................................... 27 REFERENCES ................................................ 28 - iv - LIST OF FIGURES Page FIGURE 1 Collection site for Amax/Kitsault mine tail- ings 31 FIGURE 2 Schematic representation of continuous deposit- ion apparatus 32 FIGURE 3 Summary of static burial studies with Yoldia thraciaeformis, Macoma calcarea and Sternaspis scutata 33 FIGURE 4 Diagrammatic presentation of burrowing beha- viour of a representative bivalve and poly- chaete 34 FIGURE 5 Bivalve foot types 35 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1 List of species tested during deposition stu- dies 36 TABLE 2 Chemical and particle size characteristics of tailings and 5ediment 37 TABLE 3 Survival of test animals following 28 days of continuous tailings deposition 38 TABLE 4 Length, weight and condition factor of organ- isms following 11 days of continuous tailings deposition . 39 TABLE 5 Summary of static burial studies with Yoldia thraciapformis 40 TABLE 6 Summary of static burial studies with Macoma calcarea 41 TABLE 7 Summary of static burial studies with Sternas- pis scutata 42 LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX I Amax tailings and marine sediment sampling locations 43 APPENDIX II Water quality data for continuous tailings deposition studies 44 APPENDIX III Lengths and weights of surviving bivalves from the 28 day continuous' tailings deposition stu- dy 45 - - ABSTRACT Reid, B.J. and J. Baumann, 1984. Preliminary laboratory study of the effects of burial by Amax/Kitsault mine tailings on mar- ine invertebrates. Can. MS. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1781: vi + 45 p. Continuous and static sediment deposition studies were con- ducted with selected marine invertebrates using tailings from the Amax of Canada Ltd. molybdenum mine at Kitsault, B.C.. Four sub- tidal bivalve species (Yoldia thraciaeformis, Y. limatula, Macoma calcarea and Acila castrenensis) and one polychaete species (Sternaspis scutata) survived 28 day continuous deposition of mine tailings. Three species of intertidal bivalves (Mytilus edulis, Protothaca staminea and Venerupis japonica), and limited numbers of juvenile Tanner crabs (Chionoecetes bairdi) survived exposure to a continuous suspension of Amax tailings for nine days (bivalves) and eleven days (crabs) respectively. Static core burial studies with Y. thraciaeformis and M. calcarea resul- ted in few mortalities (<8.3%) after 48 hour burial in up to 30 cm of Amax tailings or native sediments. Both species demon- strated an ability to migrate through 30 cm of either tailings or sediment. Migration ability or survival of Y. thraciaeformis and M. calcarea did not differ between burial in mine tailings or native sediments. Thirty cm of Amax tailings completely inhibi- ted vertical migration of the polychaete Sternaspis scutata resulting in 75% mortality after 48 hours. Test results iricliFité that the
Recommended publications
  • TREATISE ONLINE Number 48

    TREATISE ONLINE Number 48

    TREATISE ONLINE Number 48 Part N, Revised, Volume 1, Chapter 31: Illustrated Glossary of the Bivalvia Joseph G. Carter, Peter J. Harries, Nikolaus Malchus, André F. Sartori, Laurie C. Anderson, Rüdiger Bieler, Arthur E. Bogan, Eugene V. Coan, John C. W. Cope, Simon M. Cragg, José R. García-March, Jørgen Hylleberg, Patricia Kelley, Karl Kleemann, Jiří Kříž, Christopher McRoberts, Paula M. Mikkelsen, John Pojeta, Jr., Peter W. Skelton, Ilya Tëmkin, Thomas Yancey, and Alexandra Zieritz 2012 Lawrence, Kansas, USA ISSN 2153-4012 (online) paleo.ku.edu/treatiseonline PART N, REVISED, VOLUME 1, CHAPTER 31: ILLUSTRATED GLOSSARY OF THE BIVALVIA JOSEPH G. CARTER,1 PETER J. HARRIES,2 NIKOLAUS MALCHUS,3 ANDRÉ F. SARTORI,4 LAURIE C. ANDERSON,5 RÜDIGER BIELER,6 ARTHUR E. BOGAN,7 EUGENE V. COAN,8 JOHN C. W. COPE,9 SIMON M. CRAgg,10 JOSÉ R. GARCÍA-MARCH,11 JØRGEN HYLLEBERG,12 PATRICIA KELLEY,13 KARL KLEEMAnn,14 JIřÍ KřÍž,15 CHRISTOPHER MCROBERTS,16 PAULA M. MIKKELSEN,17 JOHN POJETA, JR.,18 PETER W. SKELTON,19 ILYA TËMKIN,20 THOMAS YAncEY,21 and ALEXANDRA ZIERITZ22 [1University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA, [email protected]; 2University of South Florida, Tampa, USA, [email protected], [email protected]; 3Institut Català de Paleontologia (ICP), Catalunya, Spain, [email protected], [email protected]; 4Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, [email protected]; 5South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, [email protected]; 6Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, [email protected]; 7North
  • Guide to Estuarine and Inshore Bivalves of Virginia

    Guide to Estuarine and Inshore Bivalves of Virginia

    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1968 Guide to Estuarine and Inshore Bivalves of Virginia Donna DeMoranville Turgeon College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography Commons Recommended Citation Turgeon, Donna DeMoranville, "Guide to Estuarine and Inshore Bivalves of Virginia" (1968). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539617402. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-yph4-y570 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GUIDE TO ESTUARINE AND INSHORE BIVALVES OF VIRGINIA A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts LIBRARY o f the VIRGINIA INSTITUTE Of MARINE. SCIENCE. By Donna DeMoranville Turgeon 1968 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts jfitw-f. /JJ'/ 4/7/A.J Donna DeMoranville Turgeon Approved, August 1968 Marvin L. Wass, Ph.D. P °tj - D . dvnd.AJlLJ*^' Jay D. Andrews, Ph.D. 'VL d. John L. Wood, Ph.D. William J. Hargi Kenneth L. Webb, Ph.D. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express sincere gratitude to her major professor, Dr.
  • A Phylogenetic Backbone for Bivalvia: an RNA-Seq Approach

    A Phylogenetic Backbone for Bivalvia: an RNA-Seq Approach

    A phylogenetic backbone for Bivalvia: an RNA-seq approach The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation González, Vanessa L., Sónia C. S. Andrade, Rüdiger Bieler, Timothy M. Collins, Casey W. Dunn, Paula M. Mikkelsen, John D. Taylor, and Gonzalo Giribet. 2015. “A phylogenetic backbone for Bivalvia: an RNA-seq approach.” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282 (1801): 20142332. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.2332. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2332. Published Version doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.2332 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14065405 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA A phylogenetic backbone for Bivalvia: an rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org RNA-seq approach Vanessa L. Gonza´lez1,†,So´nia C. S. Andrade1,‡,Ru¨diger Bieler2, Timothy M. Collins3, Casey W. Dunn4, Paula M. Mikkelsen5, Research John D. Taylor6 and Gonzalo Giribet1 1 Cite this article: Gonza´lez VL, Andrade SCS, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Bieler R, Collins TM, Dunn CW, Mikkelsen PM, 2Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA Taylor JD, Giribet G. 2015 A phylogenetic 3Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA backbone for Bivalvia: an RNA-seq approach.
  • East Coast Marine Shells; Descriptions of Shore Mollusks Together With

    East Coast Marine Shells; Descriptions of Shore Mollusks Together With

    fi*": \ EAST COAST MARINE SHELLS / A • •:? e p "I have seen A curious child, who dwelt upon a tract Of Inland ground, applying to his ear The .convolutions of a smooth-lipp'd shell; To yi'hJ|3h in silence hush'd, his very soul ListehM' .Intensely and his countenance soon Brightened' with joy: for murmerings from within Were heai>^, — sonorous cadences, whereby. To his b^ief, the monitor express 'd Myster.4?>us union with its native sea." Wordsworth 11 S 6^^ r EAST COAST MARINE SHELLS Descriptions of shore mollusks together with many living below tide mark, from Maine to Texas inclusive, especially Florida With more than one thousand drawings and photographs By MAXWELL SMITH EDWARDS BROTHERS, INC. ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN J 1937 Copyright 1937 MAXWELL SMITH PUNTZO IN D,S.A. LUhoprinted by Edwards B'olheri. Inc.. LUhtiprinters and Publishert Ann Arbor, Michigan. iQfj INTRODUCTION lilTno has not felt the urge to explore the quiet lagoon, the sandy beach, the coral reef, the Isolated sandbar, the wide muddy tidal flat, or the rock-bound coast? How many rich harvests of specimens do these yield the collector from time to time? This volume is intended to answer at least some of these questions. From the viewpoint of the biologist, artist, engineer, or craftsman, shellfish present lessons in development, construction, symme- try, harmony and color which are almost unique. To the novice an acquaint- ance with these creatures will reveal an entirely new world which, in addi- tion to affording real pleasure, will supply much of practical value. Life is indeed limitless and among the lesser animals this is particularly true.
  • On Bivalve Phylogeny: a High-Level Analysis of the Bivalvia (Mollusca) Based on Combined Morphology and DNA Sequence Data

    On Bivalve Phylogeny: a High-Level Analysis of the Bivalvia (Mollusca) Based on Combined Morphology and DNA Sequence Data

    Invertebrate Biology 12 I(4): 27 1-324. 0 2002 American Microscopical Society, Inc. On bivalve phylogeny: a high-level analysis of the Bivalvia (Mollusca) based on combined morphology and DNA sequence data Gonzalo Giribet'%aand Ward Wheeler2 ' Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University; 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 021 38, USA Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024, USA Abstract. Bivalve classification has suffered in the past from the crossed-purpose discussions among paleontologists and neontologists, and many have based their proposals on single char- acter systems. More recently, molecular biologists have investigated bivalve relationships by using only gene sequence data, ignoring paleontological and neontological data. In the present study we have compiled morphological and anatomical data with mostly new molecular evi- dence to provide a more stable and robust phylogenetic estimate for bivalve molluscs. The data here compiled consist of a morphological data set of 183 characters, and a molecular data set from 3 loci: 2 nuclear ribosomal genes (1 8s rRNA and 28s rRNA), and 1 mitochondria1 coding gene (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I), totaling -3 Kb of sequence data for 76 rnollu bivalves and 14 outgroup taxa). The data have been analyzed separately and in combination by using the direct optimization method of Wheeler (1 996), and they have been evaluated under 1 2 analytical schemes. The combined analysis supports the monophyly of bivalves, paraphyly of protobranchiate bivalves, and monophyly of Autolamellibranchiata, Pteriomorphia, Hetero- conchia, Palaeoheterodonta, and Heterodonta s.I., which includes the monophyletic taxon An- omalodesmata.
  • Cobscook Bay Inventory: a Historical Checklist of Marine Invertebrates Spanning 162 Years

    Cobscook Bay Inventory: a Historical Checklist of Marine Invertebrates Spanning 162 Years

    Ecosystem Modeling in Cobscook Bay, Maine: A Boreal, Macrotidal Estuary 2004 Northeastern Naturalist 11(Special Issue 2):261–324 Cobscook Bay Inventory: A Historical Checklist of Marine Invertebrates Spanning 162 Years * THOMAS J. TROTT Abstract - Cobscook Bay inventory is a historical checklist that documents nearly 800 species of macroinvertebrates found in Cobscook Bay, ME, based on collection records spanning the past 162 years. Information on species occur- rence over time has been compiled from published literature, museum collection records, electronic databases, graduate students theses, and species collection lists from invertebrate zoologists. Nearly all records have been reviewed for the validity of identifications by an international group of taxonomic specialists. Accepted species names and their authorities are listed along with alternate names used previously for well over a century. This format results in a historical timeline of the occurrence of species in Cobscook Bay that starts with discovery and continues through past and recent records for each species. It is hoped this database will provide a baseline that will be updated with discoveries of new species, made by developing molecular techniques and observed changes in species occurrence from invasions or local extinctions, to keep its historical perspective intact. Introduction Cobscook Bay, ME, is the northern-most bay on the east coast of the United States near the United States-Canada border at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy. The Bay amounts to approximately 110 km2 and lies behind an open boundary between Eastport and Lubec (Fig. 1). This boreal, macrotidal estuary is dominated by energetic tides of high ampli- tude that result in thorough mixing of the water column.
  • Age Determination and Growth Analysis Based on External Shell Rings of the Protobranch Bivalve Yoldia Notabilis Yokoyamain Otsuchi Bay, Northeastern Japan

    Age Determination and Growth Analysis Based on External Shell Rings of the Protobranch Bivalve Yoldia Notabilis Yokoyamain Otsuchi Bay, Northeastern Japan

    Benthos Research, 43 : 53-66, Jul., 1992 Age Determination and Growth Analysis Based on External Shell Rings of the Protobranch Bivalve Yoldia notabilis YOKOYAMAin Otsuchi Bay, Northeastern Japan MASAHIRO NAKAOKA Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo 大 槌 湾 に生 息 す る ブ リソデ ガ イYoldia notabilis YOKOYAMAの 外 部 成 長 輪 に よ る年 齢 査 定 お よ び成 長 の解 析 仲 岡 雅 裕 Abstract NAKAOKA, MASAHIRO(Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo). 1992. Age Determina- tion and Growth Analysis Based on External Shell Rings of the Protobranch Bivalve Yoldia notabilis YOKOYAMAin Otsuchi Bay, Northeastern Japan. Benthos Research, 43: 53-66. Age structure and growth pattern of Yoldia notabilis in Otsuchi Bay, northeastern Japan were studied using samples collected monthly during the period between December 1989 and December 1990. Y. notabilis has growth rings on external shell surface, and it was found that the formation of the "major ring" occurs annually during late winter to early spring. Age of Y. notabilis can be determined up to seven years old by counting number of the major rings, whereas only four younger year classes are separable from size-frequency histograms. Mean shell lengths of the four youngest year classes separated by the two methods are identical to each other. The growth rate of Y. notabilis is very slow at 0 year old ; achieving only 1.3mm in shell length by the first winter. The growth becomes rapid after the first year and the animal reaches 32.0mm at the age of seven years old. The obtained growth curve shows a sigmoidal pattern and the Gompertz growth equation gives a best fit for the data.
  • The Effects of Sea Star and Walrus Predation on Bivalves in Norton Sound, Alaska

    The Effects of Sea Star and Walrus Predation on Bivalves in Norton Sound, Alaska

    THE EFFECTS OF SEA STAR AND WALRUS PREDATION ON BIVALVES IN NORTON SOUND, ALASKA Allan K. Fukuyama San Francisco State University 1985 groenlandicus, and Yoldia hyperborea are abundant in sub- tidal, soft sediments in Norton Sound, Alaska. All species exhibit distinct size distributions with many small, recent- ly settled animals, few of intermediate size, and a dis- tinct adult population. Predation by sea stars, especially Asterias amurensis, is the most likely explanation for this size distribution. Gut content examinations of Asterias showed it to be an important predator on bivalves <10 mm. There were several refuges from sea star predation. Burrowing and leaping are used by Yoldia and Serripes, respectively, while Macorna and Mya use a depth refuge, and a related size refuge, to avoid predation by sea stars. When bivalves reach approximately 40 mm, they become sub- jected to seasonal predation by walruses. The preferred prey is Serripes since it is a shallow burrower. Populations of this species have been reduced; walruses now app.ear to be feeding mostly on populations of Mya and Macoma. ACKNOV.'LEDG11ENTS A study in remote areas could only be accomplished with the aid of many organizations and people. Foremost I thank the Benthic Bubs, M. Silberstein, P. Slattery, E. O'Connor, and J. Oliver for three fun-filled field seasons. Others who helped with field work included J. Oakden, J. Beine, G. Van Dykhuizen, D. Canestro, B. Stewart, R. Kvitek, A. Baldridge, R. Clevenger, and B. Matsen. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game in Nome, Alaska kindly provided use of a boat and facilities and I especially thank R.

  • Loci for Five Nuclear Genes in Deepsea Protobranch Bivalves: Primer Design

    Molecular Ecology Resources (2011) doi: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03038.x Exon-primed, intron-crossing (EPIC) loci for five nuclear genes in deep-sea protobranch bivalves: primer design, PCR protocols and locus utility ROBERT M. JENNINGS andR. J. ETTER Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA Abstract We describe PCR primers and amplification protocols developed to obtain introns from conserved nuclear genes in deep- sea protobranch bivalves. Because almost no sequence data for protobranchs are publically available, mollusk and other protostome sequences from GenBank were used to design degenerate primers, making these loci potentially useful in other invertebrate taxa. Amplification and sequencing success varied across the test group of 30 species, and we present five loci spanning this range of outcomes. Intron presence in the targeted regions also varied across genes and species, often within single genera; for instance, the calmodulin and b-tubulin loci contained introns with high frequency, whereas the triose phosphate isomerase locus never contained an intron. In introns for which we were able to obtain preliminary esti- mates of polymorphism levels in single species, polymorphism was greater than traditional mitochondrial loci. These markers will greatly increase the ability to assess population structure in the ecologically important protobranchs, and may prove useful in other taxa as well. Keywords: bivalve, deep-sea, intron, nuclear markers, population genetics Received 23 February 2011; revision received 11 May 2011; accepted 16 May 2011 grove & Smith 2002; Carney 2005; Rex et al. 2005; Smith Introduction et al. 2008; Levin & Dayton 2009). In stark contrast, we Protobranchs are a diverse group of approximately 600 know virtually nothing about how this diverse fauna species of bivalve mollusks found in many marine envi- originated and evolved (Etter et al.
  • Geologic Resources Inventory Report, Colonial National Historical Park

    Geologic Resources Inventory Report, Colonial National Historical Park

    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Colonial National Historical Park Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/GRD/NRR—2016/1237 ON THE COVER: The Yorktown Victory Monument was completed in January 1885 and, at nearly 30 m (100 ft) tall, overlooks the wide harbor of the York River. Architecturally it was planned and constructed in three parts, with a base, a sculptured podium (in the form of a drum), and a column. The whole “is intended to convey, in architectural language, the idea, set forth in the dedicatory inscription, that, by the victory at Yorktown, the independence of the United States of America was achieved, or brought to final accomplishment.” National Park Service photograph courtesy of Dorothy Geyer (Colonial National Historical Park). THIS PAGE: Local fossils are historically significant to paleontological history. Many species were discovered, described, and named from locations in the park. The bivalve (mollusk) Chesapecten jeffersonius was likely the first fossil to be described in North America. It was included in Martin Lister’s Historiae Conchyliorum in the late 1600s. National Park Service photograph courtesy of Melanie Peters (Geologic Resources Division) taken in August 2005. Colonial National Historical Park Geologic Resources Inventory Report Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/GRD/NRR—2016/1237 Trista L. Thornberry-Ehrlich Colorado State University Research Associate National Park Service Geologic Resources Division Geologic Resources Inventory PO Box 25287 Denver, CO 80225 June 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics.
  • Paleontological Resource Inventory and Monitoring Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network

    Paleontological Resource Inventory and Monitoring Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network

    Paleontological Resource Inventory and Monitoring Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network Jason Kenworthy Paleontology Technician Vincent L. Santucci Chief Ranger Fossil Butte National Monument PO Box 592 Kemmerer, WY 83101 July 2003 National Park Service, TIC # D-340 On the Cover: Martin Lister’s 1687 figure (shown) and description of the mollusk Chesapecten jeffersonius is the first such publication of fossil material from North America. Chesapecten jeffersonius is just one of hundreds of mollusk species found within Colonial National Historical Park. See page 9 for more information. Image from Ward and Blackwelder, 1975. 1 INTRODUCTION Paleontological resources, fossils, are any remains of life preserved in a geologic context. These fossils are non- renewable resources that possess great scientific and educational values. Establishment of baseline paleontological resource data is essential for the appropriate management of fossils found within National Park Service (NPS) areas. Although more than 160 NPS areas have been identified with paleontological resources, only a small percentage of these parks have adequate baseline paleontological resource data. In conjunction with the NPS Geologic Resources Division and NPS Inventory and Monitoring Networks, paleontological resource inventories have been initiated in dozens of parks servicewide. This report represents paleontological resource inventory and monitoring data compiled for the parks within the Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network (CBN). The CBN was formed to address coastal ecosystem resource issues throughout the northeast. The network contains eight NPS areas in five states, Assateague Island National Seashore (Maryland and Virginia), Cape Cod National Seashore (Massachusetts), Colonial National Historical Park (Virginia), Fire Island National Seashore (New York), Gateway National Recreation Area (New York and New Jersey), George Washington Birthplace National Monument (Virginia), Sagamore Hill National Historic Site (New York), and Thomas Stone National Historic Site (Maryland) as shown in Figure 1.
  • Investigating the Bivalve Tree of Life – an Exemplar-Based Approach Combining Molecular and Novel Morphological Characters

    Investigating the Bivalve Tree of Life – an Exemplar-Based Approach Combining Molecular and Novel Morphological Characters

    CSIRO PUBLISHING Invertebrate Systematics, 2014, 28,32–115 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/IS13010 Investigating the Bivalve Tree of Life – an exemplar-based approach combining molecular and novel morphological characters Rüdiger Bieler A,N, Paula M. Mikkelsen B, Timothy M. Collins C, Emily A. Glover D, Vanessa L. González E, Daniel L. GrafG, Elizabeth M. HarperH, John Healy A,I, Gisele Y. Kawauchi E, Prashant P. SharmaF, Sid Staubach A, Ellen E. StrongJ, John D. Taylor D, Ilya TëmkinJ,K, John D. ZardusL, Stephanie Clark A, Alejandra Guzmán E,M, Erin McIntyre E, Paul Sharp C and Gonzalo Giribet E AInvertebrates, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA. BPaleontological Research Institution, 1259 Trumansburg Road, and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA. CDepartment of Biological Sciences, AHC 1 Bldg, Rm 319C, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA. DDepartment of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK. EMuseum of Comparative Zoology & Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. FAmerican Museum of Natural History, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, 200 Central Park West, New York City, NY 10024, USA. GUniversity of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Biology Department, 800 Reserve Street, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA. HDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK. IQueensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. JDepartment of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013, USA. KBiology Department, Northern Virginia Community College, 4001 Wakefield Chapel Road, Annandale, VA 22003, USA.