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Improving Employment in the Field of Sport in Europe Through Vocational Training

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Improving Employment in the Field of Sport in Europe Through Vocational Training Improving employment in the field of sport in Europe through vocational training Vocational education and training in the field of sport in the European Union: situation, trends and outlook . Warning This report was produced in the context of the VOCASPORT project, supported by the European Commission (DG Education and Culture, Contract no. 2003-4463/001-001.) All information is strictly confidential. You are therefore informed that any use, disclosure, copy or distribution of this information is strictly prohibited. This document is the English translation of the original report written in French. Table of contents Members of the Vocasport research group ..............................................................................................6 Summary of results of "Vocasport" project...........................................................................................10 1. Introduction...................................................................................................................................12 2. Methodology of the study..............................................................................................................15 2.1. The theoretical framework and concepts of the study. .................................................................15 2.1.1. The "system of sporting activities"................................................................................................................................ 15 2.1.2. The system of employment in sport............................................................................................................................... 18 2.1.3. The sports training system............................................................................................................................................... 19 2.1.4. Relations between the three systems ............................................................................................................................. 22 2.1.5. Relations between the three systems and the social system overall......................................................................... 23 2.2. Study organisation and procedures .............................................Errore. Il segnalibro non è definito. 2.2.1. Organisation of work teams............................................................................................................................................ 25 2.2.2. Study procedure ................................................................................................................................................................ 26 3. Sports systems in the twenty-five European Union member states.............................................28 3.1. National contexts of sports systems in the European Union member states .................................29 3.1.1. The European Union as a socio-political and socio-economic unit ......................................................................... 29 3.1.2. Geographical, economic and cultural characteristics of the member states ........................................................... 30 3.2. The historical foundations of modern sport in Europe.................................................................34 3.2.1. The original components of modern sport.................................................................................................................... 34 3.2.2. National "physical cultures"............................................................................................................................................ 36 3.2.3. The birth and development of the international sporting movement ....................................................................... 36 3.2.4. Political uses of sport in 20th century Europe............................................................................................................. 37 3.3. The key characteristics of national sports systems in Europe ......................................................38 3.3.1. The economic impact of sport ........................................................................................................................................ 38 3.3.2. Sports participation........................................................................................................................................................... 39 3.3.3. Components of the sports sector in Europe.................................................................................................................. 43 3.3.4. Sport-related activities in Europe................................................................................................................................... 47 3.4. The configurations of national sports systems in Europe .............................................................50 3.4.1. Variables contributing to sporting configurations....................................................................................................... 52 3.4.2 The four basic configurations of sports systems in Europe ....................................................................................... 53 3.4.3 The configurations of the sports systems in the 25 European Union member states ............................................ 54 3.5 Conclusion...................................................................................................................................60 4 Employment and sports professions in Europe...............................................................................62 4.1 Employment Situation in the sports sector in Europe ..................................................................63 4.1.1 Total volume of employment in the sports sector....................................................................................................... 63 4.1.2 Trend in the total volume ................................................................................................................................................ 65 4.2 Characteristics of employment in the sports sector in Europe .....................................................66 4.2.1 Part -time employment in the sports sector................................................................................................................... 66 4.2.2 Young people and employment in the sports sector in Europe................................................................................. 68 4.2.3 Women and employment in the sports sector in Europe............................................................................................ 69 4.2.4 Qualification level............................................................................................................................................................ 70 4.2.5 Self -employed work in the sports sector in Europe.................................................................................................... 72 4.2.6 Unpaid workers and professionals ................................................................................................................................. 73 4.2.7 Other characteristics of employment in sport.............................................................................................................. 74 4.2.8 Additional information on the sector............................................................................................................................. 74 Page 3 of 180 4.3 The organisation of work and the professions..............................................................................75 4.3.1 Definitions: sport as a profession................................................................................................................................... 75 4.3.2 Difficulties in counting the professionals in sports and sports-related fields......................................................... 77 4.3.3 European estimates by occupation (main professional occupation)........................................................................ 78 4.3.4 The occupational structure of the sports sector in Europe......................................................................................... 79 4.4 Policies for employment in sport..................................................................................................80 4.4.1 Access to employment in sport....................................................................................................................................... 80 4.4.2 Arrangements for the recognition of qualifications.................................................................................................... 82 4.4.3 Policies to promote the development of employment in sport.................................................................................. 82 4.5 Systems of employment in sport: configurations..........................................................................86 4.6 Conclusion...................................................................................................................................87 5 Vocational education and training in the field of sport in the twenty-five European Union member states..........................................................................................................................................89 5.1 The vocational education and training systems in the field of sport in the twenty-five European Union member states .............................................................................................................................89
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