Final Report European Union Study on Sport As a Tool for the Social Integration of Young People March 2000
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Final Report European Union Study on Sport as a Tool for the Social Integration of Young People March 2000 Final Report for the European Commission European Union Study on Sport as a Tool for the Social Integration of Young People No. 1999-0458/001-001 SVE – SVE4ET March 2000 submitted by Prof. Dr. Peter Becker, BSJ Heike Brandes,ISS Rainer Kilb, ISS (Subject Coordination) Dr. Elke Opper, Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Darmstadt Dr. Heinz-Jürgen Stolz,ISS Karsten Vestweber, BSJ Martina Eifrig, GOPA-Consultants Martin Jeglitza, GOPA-Consultants (General Co-ordination) GOPA-Consultants Hindenburgring 18 D-61348 Bad Homburg Telephone: +49-6172-930 410 Fax: +49-6172-930 440 E-mail: [email protected] Fig. 1: Map of Europe I European Union: Sport as a tool for social integration Contents I General conditions and project objectives (Martin Jeglitza) 1 1 The purpose, development and objectives of the project and initial definitions 2 2 Project structure and organisation 5 II Outline of the status of the research and conceptual definitions 6 1 Adventure and sport in the context of the adolescent crisis (Peter Becker) 8 1.1 The basic pattern of sports activities 9 1.2 The basic pattern of adventure activities 12 2 The importance of programmes like EVS and YFE for the developmental phases of youth and young adults in the context of transnational integration objectives at European level (Rainer Kilb) 15 III Project results 19 1 Country overview – On the situation of young people, youth aid and assistance and non-competitive sports systems in the 10 EU countries for which no case studies were produced (Martina Eifrig / Karsten Vestweber) 20 1.1 Country profile Belgium 20 1.2 Country profile Finland 23 1.3 Country profile Greece 26 1.4 Country profile Ireland 29 1.5 Country profile Italy 32 1.6 Country profile Luxembourg 35 1.7 Country profile The Netherlands 38 1.8 Country profile Austria 42 1.9 Country profile Portugal 46 1.10Country profile Sweden 48 2 Case studies in 5 selected countries 52 2.1 Case study Denmark (Elke Opper) 53 2.1.1 General country profile 53 2.1.1.1 Outline of the youth situation in Denmark 54 2.1.1.2 Structure of youth work and youth policy 55 2.1.1.3 Organisation of youth sport 60 2.1.1.4 Sport as a tool for the social integration of young people – Current situation 65 2.1.1.5 The role of sport in youth exchange programmes 66 II European Union: Sport as a tool for social integration 2.1.2 The potential of and obstacles to programmes with an emphasis on sport and physical activity 70 2.1.2.1 Approaches and networks within the country itself 70 2.1.2.2 Potential analysis and obstacles – "best practice" 71 2.2 Case study France (Karsten Vestweber) 77 2.2.1 General country profile 77 2.2.1.1 Outline of the youth situation in France 77 2.2.1.2 Structure of youth work and youth policy 78 2.2.1.3 Organisation of youth sport 80 2.2.1.4 Sport as a tool for the social integration of young people – Current situation 83 2.2.1.5 The role of sport in youth exchange programmes 85 2.2.2 The potential of and obstacles to programmes with an emphasis on sport and physical activity 88 2.2.2.1 Approaches and networks within the country itself 88 2.2.2.2 Potential analysis and obstacles 89 2.2.2.3 "best practice" 94 2.3 Case study Great Britain (Martina Eifrig) 100 2.3.1 General country profile 100 2.3.1.1 Outline of the youth situation in Great Britain100 2.3.1.2 Structure of youth work and youth policy 102 2.3.1.3 Organisation of youth sport 105 2.3.1.4 Sport as a tool for the social integration of young people - Current Situation 107 2.3.1.5 The role of sport in youth exchange programmes 109 2.3.2 The potential of and obstacles to programmes with an emphasis on sport and physical activity 111 2.3.2.1 Approaches and networks within the country itself 111 2.3.2.2 Potential analysis and obstacles 113 2.3.2.3 "best practice" 117 2.4 Case study Spain (Heinz-Jürgen Stolz) 128 2.4.1 General country profile 128 2.4.1.1 Outline of the youth situation in Spain 128 2.4.1.2 Structure of youth work and youth policy 133 2.4.1.3 Organisation of youth sport 136 III European Union: Sport as a tool for social integration 2.4.1.4 Sport as a tool for the social integration of young people – Current situation 138 2.4.1.5 The role of sport in youth exchange programmes 139 2.4.2 The potential of and obstacles to programmes with an emphasis on sport and physical activity 140 2.4.2.1 Approaches and networks within the country itself 140 2.4.2.2 Potential analysis and obstacles 141 2.4.2.3 "best practice" 142 2.5 Case study Germany (Heinz-Jürgen Stolz) 147 2.5.1 General country profile 147 2.5.1.1 Outline of the youth situation in Germany 147 2.5.1.2 Structure of youth work and youth policy (Rainer Kilb) 149 2.5.1.3 Organisation of youth sports 151 2.5.1.4 Sport as a tool for the social integration of young people - Current situation 154 2.5.1.5 The role of sport in youth exchange programmes 156 2.5.2 The potential of and obstacles to programmes with an emphasis on sport and physical activity 157 2.5.2.1 Approaches and networks within the country itself 158 2.5.2.2 Potential analysis and obstacles 159 2.5.2.3 "best practice" 162 3 The socially integrative prospects for sport and experiential learning under changing social conditions (Heinz-Jürgen Stolz) 171 3.1 The relevance of the social selectivity of organised sport 171 3.2 Innovation "experiential learning"? 173 3.3 Comparative evaluation of the socially integrative potential of sport and experiential learning 175 3.4 On European-level networking in experiential learning 176 3.5 On European-level networking in youth sports – ENGSO 177 4 Results of various interviews conducted with participants in the European YFE and EVS youth programmes (Heike Brandes) 181 5 A national comparison of EVS projects (Elke Opper) 187 IV Consequences and recommendations for the content and structure of future EU youth programmes with a greater emphasis on sport (Heinz-Jürgen Stolz, Rainer Kilb) 190 IV European Union: Sport as a tool for social integration Annex Annex 1: Bibliography V European Union: Sport as a tool for social integration Abbreviations ADEPS Administration de l’Éducation Physique, des Sports et de la Vie en Plein Air AfOL Association for Outdoor Learning (GB) ASKÖ Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Sport- und Körperkultur Österreichs ASVÖ Allgemeiner Sportverband Österreichs BAFA Brevet d’Aptitude aux Fonctions d’Animateur de Centre de Vacances et de Loisirs BC British Council BEES Brevet d’État d’Éducateur Sportif BLOSO Commissariaat-generaal voor de Bevordering van de Lichamelijke Ontwickeling, de Sport en de Openlucht- recreatie (B) BOIC Belgian Olympic and Interfederal Committee bsj Verein zur Förderung bewegungs- und sportorien- tierter Jugendsozialarbeit e.V., Marburg/Germany BSO Österreichische Bundessportorganisation BST British Sports Trust CAAD Complexo de Apaio às Actividades Desportivas (P) CCPR Central Council of Physical Recreation (GB) CDDS Committee for the Development of Sports (EU) CEFD Centro de Estudos e Formaçao Desportiva (Portugal) CENYC Council of European National Youth Committees CIDJ Centre d’Information et de Documentation Jeunesse CNAJEP Comité pour les relations nationales et internationales des associations de jeunesse et d’éducation populaire CNOSF French Olympic Committee CONI Comitato Olimpico Nazionale (I) COSL Luxemburg Olympic Committee CREPS Centre Régional d’Éducation Physique et Sportive CSEPS Higher Council of Physical Education and Sports (L) CSNN National Swimming Centre (L) CVL Centres de Vacances et de Loisirs DCMS Department for Culture, Media and Sport (GB) DfEE Department for Education and Employment (GB) DFIF Danish Works Sport Federation DFJW German-French Youth Organisation DGI Danish Gymnastic and Sport Association DIF Denmarks Idraet-Forebund (Danish Olympic Committee) DJI German Youth Institute DSB German Sports Federation dsj German Sports Youth VI European Union: Sport as a tool for social integration DUF Danish Youth Council EC European Commission EDF Electricité de France EGU EGU-Programm – vocational basic training (DK) ELI Emploi Local d‘Insertion ENEPS National School for Physical Education and Sport (L) ENGSO European Non-Governmental Sports Organisation ESM Espaces Mobiles Sportifs (F) EU European Union EVS European Voluntary Service FNLL Fédération Nationale Léo Lagrange FSGT Fédération Sportive et Gymnique du Travail FSJ Voluntary Social Year (G) GCSE General Certificate of Secondary Education (GB) GDF Gaz de France IND Instituto Nacional do Desporto (P) INJEP Institut National e la Jeunesse et de l’Éducation Populaire INS National Sport Institute (L) INSEE Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Economiques (F) IOA Association for Integrated Outdoor Activities (AT) ISCA International Sport and Culture Association ISS Institut für Sozialarbeit und Sozialpädagogik e.V., Frankfurt/Deutschland IYLE International Youth Leader Education (DK) IYS Institute of Youth Sport (GB) KJHG Law on Children and Youth Aid (G) LASEP League of Primary School Sports Associations (L) LODE Basic Act Regulating the Right to Education (E) LOGSE Basic Act on the General Education System (E) LOPJM Basic Act on the Legal Protection of Minors (E) LUYC London Union of Youth Clubs MIJEN Mission d’Insertion des Jeunes de l’Éducation Nationale (F) NCS Netherlands Cultural Sport Federation NCSU Netherlands Christian Sport Federation NGO Non Governmental Organisation NKS Netherlands Catholic Sport Federation NOC Netherlands Olympic Committee NSF Netherlands