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Expanded & Updated Edition EXPANDED & UPDATED EDITION EXPANDED & UPDATED EDITION Johnnie Godwin Phyllis Godwin Karen Dockrey An Imprint of Barbour Publishing, Inc. © 2014 by Johnnie Godwin, Phyllis Godwin, and Karen Dockrey Additional editorial contributions by Trent C. Butler, Forrest W. Jackson, Jean Jenkins, Melody McCoy, Marsha A. Ellis Smith, and June Swann. ISBN 978-1-63058-140-4 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted for commercial purposes, except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without written permission of the publisher. Churches and other noncommercial interests may reproduce portions of this book without the express written permission of Barbour Publishing, provided that the text does not exceed 500 words and that the text is not material quoted from another publisher. When reproducing text from this book, include the following credit line: “From The Student Bible Dictionary—Expanded and Updated Edition, published by Barbour Publishing, Inc. Used by permission.” Unless otherwise noted, all scripture quotations, are taken from the King James Version of the Bible. Scripture quotations marked NIV are taken from the HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.™ Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide. Scripture quotations marked NRSV are taken from the New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright 1989, Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Scripture marked GNB taken from the Good News Bible in Today’s English Version—Second Edition, Copyright © 1992 by American Bible Society. Used by Permission. Scripture quotations marked NASB are taken from the New American Standard Bible, © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. Interior design by Greg Jackson, Thinkpen Design Published by Barbour Books, an imprint of Barbour Publishing, Inc., P.O. Box 719, Uhrichsville, Ohio 44683, www.barbourbooks.com Our mission is to publish and distribute inspirational products offering exceptional value and biblical encouragement to the masses. Member of the Evangelical Christian Publishers Association Printed in the United States of America. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface. 7 Timelines for the Biblical History of the World . 9 A: Aaron–Azazel. 13 B: Baal–Byword . 33 C: Caesar–Cummin . 48 D: Dagon–Dwell. 67 E: Ear–Ezra, Book of. 82 F: Face–Future . 93 G: Gabriel–Guilty . 102 H: Habakkuk–Hyssop . .114 I: I Am–Israelite . .127 J: Jacob–Justified . 133 K: Kadesh–Korah . .150 L: Laban–Lystra . .157 M: Maccabees–Mystery . .168 N: Naaman–Nun. .184 O: Oath–Ox. .191 P: Pain–Purple . .197 Q: Quail–Quiver . 226 R: Raamses–Ruth, Book of . .227 S: Sabbath–Synagogue . .240 T: Tabernacle–Tyre . .255 U: Unawares–Uzziah . 277 V: Vain–Vulgate . .280 W: Wages–Wrought . .283 X: Xerxes–XP . 292 Y: Yahweh–Yonder . .293 Z: Zacchaeus–Zipporah . .294 Key to Pronunciation. .297 About the Authors . .299 Art Credits . .301 PREFACE The Student Bible Dictionary was written with means “behavior, conduct, manner of life” your needs in mind. We know you basically rather than a talk between two people. You’ll want to look up a Bible word only once and usually find primary meanings rather than in one place, find exactly the information you remote or exhaustive ones. Though true to the need to make the Bible passage clear, and then original languages, the definitions use Hebrew return to your Bible study. Because of this, we and Greek references sparingly. have defined words quickly and precisely in the Each entry is organized so that the further you first line or two and then added details in later read the more detail you will find. If you want sentences. Cross-references are rare. When we a simple definition of the word/person/place/ could, we added an illustration or map to help idea, read the first word or sentence only. Many you know just what the item looked like or entries include only this basic information. just where the place was. We’ve told you what Special entries include features that will help people did what and who was related to whom, you understand a word more thoroughly: so you could understand some of the whys and wherefores of their actions and keep Bible fami- ■ REQUESTED WORD: This symbol indicates lies straight. We’ve added easy-to-read pronun- a high-frequency word, requested by a ciations for proper names so you’ll know just group of over five hundred student leaders how to say them. participating in leadership conferences. Why a student Bible dictionary? Because you These leaders identified this word as one as a Bible student have special study needs. You students need to understand and consider have a curiosity that is ready for more specific in living their Christian faith. information. You have an aptitude that lets you build on what you have learned during your ▲GREATER DETAIL: This paragraph includes childhood years. details that help you understand a specific You may be a youth, a young adult, or a more usage of the word, aids you in completing mature adult, but you still may be young in your a Bible study challenge, gives you informa- Christian faith. This Bible dictionary is for you tion not available in other dictionaries, or and for any Christian who wants clear, concise, provides fascinating facts. need-meeting definitions. The Student Bible Dictionary puts Bible terms into language that ●CURRICULUM HOOKS: This question or will help the faith of the Bible become yours thought-provoker helps you think further and will help you honor God in your life. about the word, discuss it in class, or apply In The Student Bible Dictionary, you’ll find it to daily life. Bible study teachers or curric- words defined in the way they are used in the ulum writers may use this added thought Bible rather than the way they might be used for a curriculum hook in identifying, clari- today in another context. For example, conver- fying, or forming convictions and in guiding sation in the King James Version of the Bible students to make applications to their lives. PREFACE 8 | THE STUDENT BIBLE DICTIONARY Throughout The Student Bible Dictionary and “salvation.” These key words help you you’ll find interesting lists and charts such as understand your salvation as well as guide you NAMES OF GOD (page 109), TITLES FOR JESUS IN to lead your friends to Jesus Christ. SCRIPTURE (page 139), TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND This Bible dictionary is unapologetically MEASURES (pages 284–286), and FEASTS AND student-oriented and conservative in nature. FESTIVALS through which believers celebrated Words selected for definition are those the (page 96). You’ll also find summaries of all Bible authors and their research showed were most books and definitions of theological words needed for students. The factors determining such as millennium. Though the dictionary is the length and details of definitions are accu- compatible with other Bible translations, the racy, clarity, and developmental needs. The King James Version of the Bible is the base. The authors have attempted to create a unique English language is steeped in the language of and user-friendly student Bible dictionary both the King James Version; and since this most- for students and leaders. Because it is directed used translation is more than four hundred toward lay students of the Bible rather than years old, it requires the most definitions for scholars, it does not focus on critical problems readers of the Bible. Other versions are refer- or peripheral matters that dictionaries intended enced as appropriate. for scholars might include. It focuses on central To save space, we refer to Bible translations meanings of Bible words and helps students— by the following abbreviations: which we all should remain for all our lives— apply those meanings in their daily experience. KJV=King James Version You’ll find approximately twenty-five NASB=New American Standard Version hundred entries in The Student Bible Dictionary, NIV=New International Version chosen because of their appeal to or impor- NRSV=New Revised Standard Version tance for students. We’ve aimed for strong, HCSB=Holman Christian Standard Version quick definitions that are accurate and clear. We GNB= Good News Bible, also called The Bible hope you’ll find this Bible dictionary different in Today’s English from the usual dictionary. We intend for this to be an inviting and usable tool that meets your You’ll find evangelistic inroads when defining needs and interests, spiritually, intellectually, such key words as “believe,” “repent,” “confess,” and developmentally. A NOTE ON THE EXPANDED AND UPDATED EDITION OF 2014 This edition of the Student Bible Dictionary keeps the best of the original while expanding upon and updating the original text. In the years since the first edition released, new Bible translations have come into being, and this volume takes advantage of many updates in language. Other advances in knowledge—such as Dead Sea Scrolls word studies—have helped bring further updates to this new edition. This volume includes both more terms and additional definitions to further explain many words from the original Student Bible Dictionary, an increase of approximately 20 percent of the overall text. TIMELINES FOR THE BIBLICAL HISTORY OF THE WORLD 2100 BC 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 EARLY OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY 2100–1500 BC: Age of the patriarchs (Middle Bronze Age) c. 1950 BC: The Amorites conquer Mesopotamia 1500–1200 BC: The Exodus and the Promised Land conquest (Late Bronze Age) c. 1469–c. 1211 BC: Possible dates for the Exodus 1200–900 BC: Establishment of Israel (Early Iron Age) UNITED ISRAEL / RULERS 1050–1010 BC: Reign of King Saul of Israel 1023 BC: Samuel anoints David king of Israel 1010–970 BC: Reign of King David of Israel 970–930 BC: Reign of King Solomon of Israel c.
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