Report for the Berkeley Script Encoding Initiative
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Concise Ancient History of Indonesia.Pdf
CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY OF INDONESIA CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY O F INDONESIA BY SATYAWATI SULEIMAN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION JAKARTA Copyright by The Archaeological Foundation ]or The National Archaeological Institute 1974 Sponsored by The Ford Foundation Printed by Djambatan — Jakarta Percetakan Endang CONTENTS Preface • • VI I. The Prehistory of Indonesia 1 Early man ; The Foodgathering Stage or Palaeolithic ; The Developed Stage of Foodgathering or Epi-Palaeo- lithic ; The Foodproducing Stage or Neolithic ; The Stage of Craftsmanship or The Early Metal Stage. II. The first contacts with Hinduism and Buddhism 10 III. The first inscriptions 14 IV. Sumatra — The rise of Srivijaya 16 V. Sanjayas and Shailendras 19 VI. Shailendras in Sumatra • •.. 23 VII. Java from 860 A.D. to the 12th century • • 27 VIII. Singhasari • • 30 IX. Majapahit 33 X. The Nusantara : The other islands 38 West Java ; Bali ; Sumatra ; Kalimantan. Bibliography 52 V PREFACE This book is intended to serve as a framework for the ancient history of Indonesia in a concise form. Published for the first time more than a decade ago as a booklet in a modest cyclostyled shape by the Cultural Department of the Indonesian Embassy in India, it has been revised several times in Jakarta in the same form to keep up to date with new discoveries and current theories. Since it seemed to have filled a need felt by foreigners as well as Indonesians to obtain an elementary knowledge of Indonesia's past, it has been thought wise to publish it now in a printed form with the aim to reach a larger public than before. -
Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. -
COMPARING the LEVEL of BALINESE LANGUAGE ACQUISITION USING the VOCABULARY LEVEL TEST Denok Lestari, I Wayan Suadnyana
PROCEEDINGS THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOCAL LANGUAGES EMPOWERMENT AND PRESERVATION OF LOCAL LANGUAGES Editors I Nengah Sudipa Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya Made Budiarsa I Nyoman Darma Putra Udayana University Denpasar, 23—24 February 2018 “Empowerment and Preservaton of Local Languages” Proceedings The 1st Internatonal Seminar on Local Languages Copyright © 2018 All rights reserved Editors I Nengah Sudipa Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya Made Budiarsa I Nyoman Darma Putra Cover Design Espistula Communicatons Bali Cover Photo Balinese Ofering Cake “Sarad” by Arba Wirawan “Baligraf” (2016) by I Nyoman Gunarsa, made for Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) Layout Made Henra Dwikarmawan Sudipa Publisher Udayana University Press Organized by Masters and Doctoral Programs of Linguistcs Faculty of Arts, Udayana University in collaboraton with Local Languages Researcher Associaton ISBN: 978-602-294-262-7 ii PREFACE This proceedings contain 117 papers that cover various range of topics on local languages and beyond, most of them based on current research. We thanks to invited speakers and paper presenters for their enthusiasm in supportng the 1st Internatonal Conference on Local Languages (ICLL) 2018. We believe that the papers not only will encourage productve discussion among presenters and partcipants but also inspire further research in the respected feld. It is a great pleasure for us to welcome you in our conference, here at the Faculty of Arts, Udayana University. It is perhaps the frst conference for most of us to atend in the New Year 2018, before other academic actvites, research, and conferences alike are flling up our tme table ahead. We deeply thanks to your support to come and share your knowledge and expertse to our conference. -
Proceedings the 1St International Conference on Local Languages
PROCEEDINGS THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOCAL LANGUAGES EMPOWERMENT AND PRESERVATION OF LOCAL LANGUAGES Editors I Nengah Sudipa Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya Made Budiarsa I Nyoman Darma Putra Udayana University Denpasar, 23—24 February 2018 “Empowerment and Preservation of Local Languages” Proceedings The 1st International Seminar on Local Languages Copyright © 2018 All rights reserved Editors I Nengah Sudipa Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya Made Budiarsa I Nyoman Darma Putra Cover Design Espistula Communications Bali Cover Photo Balinese Offering Cake “Sarad” by Arba Wirawan “Baligrafi” (2016) by I Nyoman Gunarsa, made for Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) Layout Made Henra Dwikarmawan Sudipa Publisher Udayana University Press Organized by Masters and Doctoral Programs of Linguistics Faculty of Arts, Udayana University in collaboration with Local Languages Researcher Association ISBN: 978-602-294-262-7 TABLE LIST OF CONTENT Preface ............................................................................................................................. iii Message from the Dean of Faculty of Arts, Udayana University ..................................... iv Message from The Rector of Udayana University ........................................................... v Table List of Content ........................................................................................................ viii KEYNOTE SPEAKER “HONORIFICS” IN THE USAGE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS AND TERMS OF ADDRESS IN THE BALI AGA DIALECT Hara Mayuko .................................................................................................................. -
The Learning Model of Makassarese Language Based on the Character Building Concept
THE LEARNING MODEL OF MAKASSARESE LANGUAGE BASED ON THE CHARACTER BUILDING CONCEPT (Research and Development in Elementary School of Makassar City) 1 Sitti Rabiah 2 Faculty of Letter Universitas Muslim Indonesia Makassar, Indonesia Abstract Character building, nowadays become a matter of urgency and decisive for the future generation to meet the nation's golden years in 2045. In this period, the current generation is on early childhood education (PAUD), Elementary Education, Secondary Education, and Higher Education will entering productive age who decide this nation's strategic role at the age of 100 years of Indonesian independence in the year of 2045. In order to oversee this golden generation, it is necessary to reform the education sector which plays an important role in setting up and directing the excellent and productive human resources, and mastering in science, technology, and art is needed in this era of global competition. The effort to do that is to develop character values through a learning process, one through the Makassarese language learning. This effort is expected to provide supplies to students both Makassarese language skills on the one hand, and the formation of character on the other. Furthermore, this study aimed to develop instructional materials in Makassarese language learning in primary schools that integrates the values of character. This study refers to the steps of research and development by Borg and Gall, and collaborated with the research phase by Brown to produce Makassarese language textbooks based on character building concept. Keywords: Learning Model, Makassarese Language, Character Building, Elementary School Abstrak Penanaman karakter, dewasa ini menjadi hal yang mendesak dan menentukan untuk masa depan bangsa menyongsong generasi emas tahun 2045. -
IRBI 2013 Resize.Pdf
Indeks Risiko Bencana IRBI Indonesia Tahun 2013 Indeks Risiko Bencana Indonesia 2013 Pengarah Dody Ruswandi Sanksi Pelanggaran Pasal 72 Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2002 Tentang Hak Cipta Penyusun Lilik Kurniawan 1. Barangsiapa dengan sengaja Sugeng Triutomo melanggar dan tanpa hak Ridwan Yunus melakukan perbuatan Mohd. Robi Amri sebagaimana dimaksud Arezka Ari Hantyanto dalam Pasal 2 Ayat (1) atau Pasal 49 Ayat (1) dan Ayat Pendukung (2) dipidana dengan pidana penjara masing-masing paling Elin Linawati singkat 1 (satu) bulan dan/ Firza Ghozalba atau denda paling sedikit Arie Astuti Wulandari Rp. 1.000.000,00 (satu juta Pratomo Cahyo Nugroho rupiah), atau pidana penjara Novi Kumalasari paling lama 7 (tujuh) tahun Gita Yulianti dan/atau denda paling banyak Elfina Rozita Rp. 5.000.000.000,00 (lima Danar Widhiyani Sri Wulandari milyar rupiah). Ageng Nur Ichwana 2. Barangsiapa dengan sengaja Cetakan Pertama, 2014 menyiarkan, memamerkan, Diterbitkan oleh : mengedarkan, atau menjual kepada umum suatu ciptaan Direktorat Pengurangan Risiko Bencana atau barang hasil pelanggaran Deputi Bidang Pencegahan dan Kesiapsiagaan hak cipta atau hak terkait Gedung INA DRTG sebagai dimaksud pada Ayat Kawasan Indonesia Peace and Security (1) dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) Center (IPSC), Bukit Merah Putih, Kecamatan tahun dan/atau denda paling Citeureup-Sentul, Provinsi Jawa Barat banyak Rp. 500.000.000,00 (lima ratus juta rupiah). ISBN : 978-602-70256-0-8 IRBI 2013 iii Indeks Risiko Bencana Indonesia 2013 ABSTRAK ntuk mengetahui secara rinci Perubahan terminologi dari Indeks Rawan tingkat kerawanan daerah di Bencana pada edisi tahun 2009 dan 2011 Uwilayah Negara Indonesia, BNPB menjadi Indeks Risiko Bencana pada edisi telah melakukan penilaian tentang Indeks 2013 didasarkan atas penyesuaian yang Kerawanan Bencana Indonesia (2009) digunakan oleh Undang-Undang Nomor yang diperbaharui dengan Indeks Rawan 24 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanggulangan Bencana Indonesia (2011). -
Suspicious Identity of U+A9B5 JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TOLONG
L2/19-003 Suspicious identity of U+A9B5 JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TOLONG Liang Hai / 梁海 <[email protected]> Aditya Bayu Perdana / <[email protected]> ꦄꦢꦶꦠꦾ ꦧꦪꦸꦥꦢꦤ 4 January 2019 1 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Ilham Nurwansah and the Script Ad Hoc group for their feedback. Ilham Nurwansah also kindly provided the Sundanese samples (Figure 2, 3, 4, and 5). 2 Background In the original Unicode Javanese proposal L2/08-015R Proposal for encoding the Javanese script in the UCS, the character tolong (U+A9B5 JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TOLONG) was described as a vowel sign that is used exclusively in the Sundanese writing system with three major use cases: 1. Used alone as the vowel sign o 2. As a part of the vowel sign eu: <vowel sign ĕ, tolong> 3. As a part of the letters and conjoined forms of reu/leu: <letter / conjoined form rĕ/lĕ, tolong> Table 1. Sundanese tolong usage according to the original proposal Written form ◌ ◌ꦵ ◌ꦼ ◌ꦼꦵ ◌� ◌�ꦵ A9C0 PANGKON A9BC PEPET Encoding (A9B5 TOLONG) A989 PA CEREK (A9B5 TOLONG) (A9B5 TOLONG) Transcription a o ĕ eu rĕ reu Pronunciation [a] [o] [ə] [ɤ] [rə] [rɤ] See also the note under Table 2. However, tolong appears to be merely a stylistic variant of tarung (U+A9B4 JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TARUNG), therefore the disunification of tolong from tarung is likely a mistake. 3 Proposal The Unicode Standard needs to recommend how the inappropriately disunified character U+A9B5 JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TOLONG should be handled. 1 In particular, clarification in the names list and the Core Specification is necessary for explaining the background of the mis-disunification and recommending how both the tarung and tolong forms for both the Javanese and Sundanese languages should be implemented. -
The Syntax of Personal Pronouns in the Bima Language
International Linguistics Research; Vol. 3, No. 2; 2020 ISSN 2576-2974 E-ISSN 2576-2982 https://doi.org/10.30560/ilr.v3n2p13 The Syntax of Personal Pronouns in the Bima Language Arafiq1 1 English Department, Mataram University, Mataram, Lombok, Indonesia Correspondence: Arafiq, English Department, Mataram University, Mataram, Lombok, Indonesia. E-mail: arafiq unram.ac.id Received: May 20, 2020; Accepted: June 1, 2020; Published: June 1, 2020 Abstract This article aims at describing the syntactic properties and distributions of Personal Pronouns in the Bima Language, a language spoken by approximately 9000 people who inhabit the eastern part of Sumbawa Island. This number of speakers does not include those who live in Reo Pota Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara. The Bima Language is grouped into Sumba-Bima Subgroup of Central Malayo-Polynesian (CMP) branch of Austronesian Language. Data in this study are the linguistic units from morphems level to clausal level. The data were taken from conversations and monologues recorded in the real situations in which the Bima Language is used. The focus of this paper is to describe the personal pronoun system of the Bima Language, describing types of personal pronouns and their syntactic properties and distributions. Based on the analysis, the Bima Language has a set of morphologically independent personal pronouns (full pronouns) and a set of clitics. Both sets of personal pronouns show the same syntactic properties and distributions. These two sets of personal pronouns are able to occur as independent clausal arguments of both intransitive and transitive constructions. In addition to their distributions, these two sets of personal pronouns can occur with numerals, relatives, and NPs. -
Cqmejj · -Uhhrersity
$9uth¢a$t Mia JTogtam -1986-:13.ulletin CQmeJJ · -Uhhrersity ' - SEAP ARCHIVE COPY DO NOT REMOVE This publication has been made possible by the generosity of Robert and Ruth Polson. Southeast Asia Program 1986 Bulletin Cornell University Contents From the Director . 2 Badgley Appointed Curator of the Echols Collection . .. .. .. .. 3 Filming Javanese Manuscript Collections in Surakarta . 4 Microcomputers and the Study of Southeast Asia. .. 6 Celebrating Our Founder's Birthday.............. .... ... 7 Interview with Dr. Hendrik M. J. Maier..................... ... .. 9 Retirements. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. I 2 Program Publications . 13 About Program People . 14 Thursday Luncheon Speakers .. .. .. .. I 4 Faculty and Staff Publications. .... ... .. .. .. 14 Lauriston Sharp Prize. 14 Social Science Research Council Fellowships . 15 Resident Faculty . .. .. .. 15 Visiting Faculty .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 Visiting Fellows. 15 Graduate Students in Field Published by the Southeast Asia Program, Research . 15 Cornell University, 1987 Graduate Students in Residence, Edited by Stanley J. O'Connor Spring 1986................ 15 Full-Year Asian Language Designed by Deena Wickstrom Concentration . I 6 Produced by the Office of Publications Services, Advanced Indonesian Abroad Cornell University Program. .... .......... 16 Recent Doctoral Dissertations The photograph of John H. Badgley was taken by Helen Kelley and of Hendrik M. J . Maier, by Margaret Fabrizzio. by SEAP Students........... 16 Recent Dissertations and Cover design after a woodcut of cloves from 1ratado das drogas e Theses on Southeast Asia by medicinas das indias Orientais, by Crist6vao da Costa Other Students at Cornell.. 16 from the Director Dear Friends, year we were fortunate to have Professor Charnvit Kasetsiri, vice rector of Thammasat University, come to Last year I noted that the Southeast Asia Program was teach the Thailand Seminar. -
1 BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Kerajaan Koto Besar
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Kerajaan Koto Besar diperkirakan telah ada sejak akhir abad ke-17 Masehi.1 Koto Besar tumbuh dan berkembang bersama daerah-daerah lain yang berada di bekas wilayah Kerajaan Melayu Dharmasraya (Swarnabumhi).2 Daerah-daerah ini merupakan kerajaan kecil yang bercorak Islam dan berafiliasi dengan Kerajaan Pagaruyung, seperti Pulau Punjung yang dikenal sebagai camin taruih (perpanjangan tangan) Pagaruyung untuk daerah Hiliran Batanghari, serta penguasa lokal di ranah cati nan tigo, yaitu Siguntur, Sitiung dan Padang Laweh.3 Koto Besar menjadi satu-satunya kerajaan di wilayah ini yang tidak berpusat di pinggiran Sungai Batanghari.4 Lokasi berdirinya kerajaan-kerajaan tersebut merupakan daerah rantau dalam konsep alam Minangkabau.5 Pepatah adat Minangkabau mengatakan, 1 Merujuk pada tulisan yang tercantum pada stempel peninggalan Kerajaan Koto Besar yang berangkakan tahun 1697 Masehi. 2 Kerajaan Melayu Dharmasraya (Swarnabumhi) adalah sebuah kerajaan yang bercorak Hindu Buddha dan merupakan kelanjutan dari Kerajaan Melayu Jambi yang bermigrasi dari muara Sungai Batanghari. Kerajaan Melayu Dharmasraya hanya bertahan sekitar dua abad (1183 – 1347), setelah dipindahkan oleh Raja Adityawarman ke pedalaman Minangkabau di Saruaso. Bambang Budi Utomo dan Budhi Istiawan, Menguak Tabir Dharmasraya, (Batusangkar : BPPP Sumatera Barat, 2011), hlm. 8-12. 3 Efrianto dan Ajisman, Sejarah Kerajaan-Kerajaan di Dharmasraya, (Padang: BPSNT Press, 2010), hlm. 84. 4 Menurut Tambo Kerajaan Koto Besar dijelaskan bahwa Kerajaan Koto Besar berpusat di tepi Sungai Baye. Hal ini juga dikuatkan oleh catatan Kontroler Belanda Palmer van den Broek tanggal 15 Juni 1905. Lihat, Tambo Kerajaan Koto Besar, “Sejarah Anak Nagari Koto Besar yang Datang dari Pagaruyung Minangkabau”. Lihat juga, “Nota over Kota Basar en Onderhoorige Landschappen Met Uitzondering van Soengei Koenit en Talao”, dalam Tijdschrift voor Indische, “Taal, Land en Volkenkunde”, (Batavia: Kerjasama Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen dan Batavia Albrecht & Co., 1907), hlm. -
Regional Language Learning in Regional Multilingual Classes: Problems and Handling
Universal Journal of Educational Research 8(11): 5299-5304, 2020 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2020.081130 Regional Language Learning in Regional Multilingual Classes: Problems and Handling Abdul Kadir1, Aziz Thaba2,*, Munirah3, Sitti Aida Azis3, Rukayah4 1Cokroaminoto College of Teacher Training and Education of Pinrang, Indonesia 2Lembaga Swadaya Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan (LSP3) Matutu, Indonesia 3Muhammadiyah University of Makassar, Indonesia 4State University of Makassar, Indonesia Received July 12, 2020; Revised August 14, 2020; Accepted September 17, 2020 Cite This Paper in the following Citation Styles (a): [1] Abdul Kadir, Aziz Thaba, Munirah, Sitti Aida Azis, Rukayah , "Regional Language Learning in Regional Multilingual Classes: Problems and Handling," Universal Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 8, No. 11, pp. 5299 - 5304, 2020. DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2020.081130. (b): Abdul Kadir, Aziz Thaba, Munirah, Sitti Aida Azis, Rukayah (2020). Regional Language Learning in Regional Multilingual Classes: Problems and Handling. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(11), 5299 - 5304. DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2020.081130. Copyright©2020 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract Local languages are a part of the national understanding and perceptions in teaching on classroom education curriculum that is taught in schools. In its dynamics and diversity, designing learning classroom process, the curriculum of local language teaching and management with balanced interactions, integrating learning still faces various problems that hinder achieving learning processes between students using a collaborative the intended goals. One of the problems is the multicultural model, and designing a balanced evaluation. -
The Bungku-Tolaki Languages of South-Eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia
The Bungku-Tolaki languages of South-Eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia Mead, D.E. The Bungku-Tolaki languages of south-eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia. D-91, xi + 188 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1999. DOI:10.15144/PL-D91.cover ©1999 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIFIC LINGUISTICS FOUNDING EDITOR: Stephen A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: Malcolm D. Ross and Darrell T. Tryon (Managing Editors), John Bowden, Thomas E. Dutton, Andrew K. Pawley Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in linguistic descriptions, dictionaries, atlases and other material on languages of the Pacific, the Philippines, Indonesia and Southeast Asia. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications are drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Pacific Linguistics is associated with the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at The Australian National University. Pacific Linguistics was established in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund. It is a non-profit-making body financed largely from the sales of its books to libraries and individuals throughout the world, with some assistance from the School. The Editorial Board of Pacific Linguistics is made up of the academic staff of the School's Department of Linguistics. The Board also appoints a body of editorial advisors drawn from the international community of linguists. Publications in Series A, B and C and textbooks in Series D are refereed by scholars with relevant expertise who are normally not members of the editorial board.