in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km Population (millions): km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Socialist Movement for Integration social (LSI, democrat) conservative) (PDS, Albania of Party Democratic Socialist of Party Albania social (PSSH, democrat) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official ALBANIA Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Mean years of schooling: schooling: of years Mean (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Outflows $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 6,118 2,015 4,103 46.9 3 ): ): Exports Rama Edi Meta Ilir Parliamentary republic Republic of Albania 4,139 3,240 31.7 899 Balance Durrës (0.20); Vlorë (0.14) Vlorë (0.20); Durrës Tirana (0.48) 98.4/96.1 13,055 12,521 28,750 -1,979 -3,204 1,225 4,643 1,382 9,115 2,049 1,119 -15.2 30.2 0.20 10.0 10.5 71.9 -0.1 105 435 2.9 2.0 0.7 3.8 1.1 4.0 59 18 25 75 40 96 26 18 97 57 9 .. Import: Export: ICT Emissions Health Energy Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Vacant Social Democratic of Party Albania (social-democracy, Albanian (PDIU, Unity and Integration Justice, for Party Population age >64 (%): >64 age Population Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption Unemployment rate (%): Physicians density (per 10,000): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production Agriculture (% of total employment): employment): total (% of Agriculture centre-left) nationalism, centre-right) 2   China (7%), (7%), Greece (7%), (26%), Turkey Germany Italy Germany (4%), (6%), Greece (6%), Spain (52%), China Italy Emissions (mt per capita): (7%) (4%) Partners Trading Main 77/81 123.7 0.785 21.8 17.7 29.0 13.8 19.4 31.6 47.3 47.5 19.0 1.71 42.4 71.8 20.9 13.8 12.9 38.2 138 783 1.3 2.3 6.8 2.7 2.0 17 18 13 68 8 1 3

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 155 ALBANIA Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 156 ALGERIA Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in Education Society GDP) (% of services and goods in Migrant remittances Migrant remittances &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Ennahda-Front for Justice and Development (FJD, Islamist) Rally for Hope for Algeria Change of -Front Peace for Society of Movement (RND) Democracy for Rally National (FLN) Front Liberation National Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (National People’s Assembly) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official ALGERIA Urban population (%): population Urban Total Trade Total Water tourism International FDI Population (millions): Security in services (millions $) (millions services in Receipts (millions $): Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military (000): forces armed Total m (millions production water Desalinated (m withdrawal Water (km resources Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education in expenditure Public enrolmentGross rate (secondary): GDP): (% of Receipts Tourist arrivals (000): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP Net enrolment rate (primary): (primary): rate enrolment Net (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water schooling: of years Mean (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $) (millions goods in $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water GDP per capita ($, PPP): PPP): ($, capita per GDP $): (millions GDP Tourism receipts (million $): (million receipts Tourism $): (millions Inflows (MSP-FC, Islamist(MSP-FC, coalition) 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 11,599 60,384 48,785 36.0 3 ): ): Noureddine Bedoui Abdelkader Bensalah (acting) Semi-presidential republic People's Democratic Republic of Algeria Exports 34,570 37,830 3,261 22.6 Balance Oran (0.88); El Djelfa (0.46); Blida (0.45); Constantine (0.43) Constantine (0.45); Blida (0.46); Djelfa El (0.88); Oran (2.69) Algiers 2,381,740 167,555 -14,216 -22,554 15,100 -8,338 2,093 1,203 5,699 2,451 -13.5 41.3 27.5 11.7 0.50 -6.3 159 225 172 100 317 615 ./.. .. 1.7 4.4 8.0 6.0 1.2 5.6 1.6 20 17 72 15 34 59 48 -4 5 .. .. Development Development Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population Protected areas Protected Health Export: Import: Labour market Independents Algerian Popular Movement (MPA, democrat) Socialist Forces Front (FFS, social democrat) Economic Sectors Others Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant centrist) “Future”, (FM, Front Moustakbel El Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Energy Employment in: Emissions Population age <15 age (%): Population ICT Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Consumption per capita (kg oil eq): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Agriculture Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet Households with computer (per 100): used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry Youth unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): CO employment): total (% of Services Mobile subscriptions (per 100): Human Development Index (value): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Physicians density (per 10,000): Labour participation rate, female (%): Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, 2   Spain (7%), Germany (8%), (9%),Italy (18%),China France Brazil (6%) Brazil (10%), (12%), (13%), States (16%), Spain United France Italy Emissions (mt per capita): (7%) Partners Trading Main 75/78 111.0 1,324 153.3 0.754 -177 19.0 59.9 12.0 37.2 53.7 2.78 47.7 37.0 30.8 29.7 45.6 19.0 12.3 0.1 3.1 7.1 9.4 7.5 13 85 12 13 87 21 14 93 29 6 .. in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in Education Society GDP) (% of services and goods in Migrant remittances Migrant remittances &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Serbian Democratic (SDS, Party Serbian nationalist) Social Democratic (SDP) Party Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ, Croatian nationalist State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official BOSNIA ANDHERZEGOVINA Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD) ofParty Democratic Action (SDA, centre-right) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (House of Representatives) Urban population (%): population Urban Water Trade Total tourism International FDI Head of Government: Government: of Head Population (millions): Security in services (millions $) (millions services in Receipts (millions $): Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military (000): forces armed Total m (millions production water Desalinated (m withdrawal Water (km resources Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public enrolmentGross rate (secondary): GDP): (% of Receipts Tourist arrivals (000): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP Net enrolment rate (primary): (primary): rate enrolment Net (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water schooling: of years Mean (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $) (millions goods in $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water GDP per capita ($, PPP): PPP): ($, capita per GDP $): (millions GDP Tourism receipts (million $): (million receipts Tourism $): (millions Inflows and conservative) 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 10,239 9,681 56.4 558 3 ): ): Milorad Dodik (Serb); Sefik Dzaferovi Sefik (Serb); Dodik Milorad Federal parliamentary republic Bosnia and Herzegovina Exports Denis Zvizdi 5,405 1,850 7,255 39.9 Balance Banja Luka (0.20); Tuzla (0.12) Tuzla (0.20); Luka Banja Sarajevo (0.34) ć 99.2/94.9 10,958 11,253 16,568 51,210 -4,276 -2,984 1,292 1,870 -16.4 44.0 37.5 0.22 11.4 -0.3 -1.1 770 285 777 9.7 3,5 0.9 3.1 1.2 68 15 86 48 11 12 66 5 9 3 6 6 ...... Development Development Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population Protected areas Protected Health Export: Import: Labour market Our (social Party liberal) ofParty Democratic Progress (PDP, serbian nationalist) centre-right) (SBB, Future aBetter for Union Economic Sectors alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Others Democratic Front (DF, social democratic) Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Energy Employment in: Emissions Population age <15 age (%): Population ICT Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Consumption per capita (kg oil eq): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Agriculture Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of added value Services, Households with computer (per 100): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): CO used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Services employment): total (% of Industry Youth unemployment rate (%): Mobile subscriptions (per 100): Human Development Index (value): Labour participation rate, female (%): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Physicians density (per 10,000): Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, 2   ć Slovenia (9%) Slovenia (14%), (11%), (14%), (10%),Croatia Serbia Germany Italy Serbia (9%) (12%), (12%), (12%), (13%), Italy Slovenia Croatia Germany Emissions (mt per capita): (Bosniak); Zeljko Komsi Partners Trading Main ć (Croat) 75/80 1,920 0.768 98.1 35.0 53.5 16.6 20.5 23.9 1.36 69.5 55.7 63.6 22.7 29.9 46.1 35.7 18.9 234 6.2 9.4 4.7 6.8 1.4 5.6 77 17 14 2 2 2 5 5 3 ..

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 157 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 158 CROATIA Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Croatian Peasant (HSS) Party Civic Liberal Alliance (GLAS) Bridge of Independent Lists (Most) (SDP) Croatia of Party Democratic Social Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ. conservative) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official CROATIA Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($. capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 28,106 23,519 4,588 50.9 3 ): ): Exports Andrej Plenkovic Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic Parliamentary constitutional republic Republic of Croatia 29,826 15,016 14,811 54.0 Balance Zagreb (0.69)Zagreb Split (0.18); Rijeka (0.13) (0.18); Rijeka Split 99.6/98.7 10,428 15,593 55,201 24,792 56,590 11,128 -8,708 1,720 105.5 2,104 2,307 0.85 11.3 77.7 -1.2 644 150 3.1 4.2 1.1 3.5 2.9 4.1 1.4 4.6 57 11 55 18 67 98 74 29 20 88 4 1 5 .. .. Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy Other Istrian Democratic Assembly Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Independent Democratic Serb (SDSS) Party (HNS) Democrats -Liberal Party People's Croatian Independents Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate. female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services. GDP): (% of added value Agriculture. Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total GDP): (% of added value Industry. Marine (% of territorial waters): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption Unemployment rate (%): Production (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Production Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption 2   Austria (8%) (11%), (13%), (15%), (8%), Slovenia Italy Germany Hungary Herzegovina (10%), Austria (6%) (11%), (12%), (14%), and Italy Slovenia Germany Bosnia Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 75/81 103.0 0.831 2,029 74.1 38.3 31.3 1.40 45.9 26.4 27.4 45.8 57.8 66.6 67.1 21.6 56.0 11.2 354 3.8 8.5 7.0 3.0 7.4 8.5 4.4 20 15 46 15 4 7 3 3 4 in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Movement of Social Democracy (EDEK) Democratic (DIKO, Party liberal) socialist) (AKEL, People Working of Party Progressive Democratic Coalition (DISY, conservative) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (House of Representatives) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official CYPRUS Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 14,881 6,572 8,309 67.5 3 ): ): Exports Nicos Anastasiades Nicos Anastasiades Presidential constitutional republic Cyprus of Republic 13,497 10,549 2,948 61.2 Balance Nicosia (0.27) Limassol (0.24); Larnacca (0.14) Larnacca (0.24); Limassol 99.3/98.1 22,186 38,048 -1,384 -5,361 3,976 3,652 1,332 6,343 3,128 9,250 12.1 95.8 -6.3 100 128 335 219 0.8 0.5 1.6 0.7 4.2 4.2 0.8 1.2 1.6 6.4 67 10 18 16 34 66 60 16 97 3 2 .. Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy Independents Citizens' Alliance (SYPOL) Ecological and Environmental Movement (ecologist) Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (ELAM) Front Popular National Solidarity Movement (KA) Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Unemployment rate (%): Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production 2   Republic of Korea (7%) Korea of Republic (7%), (7%), Germany (7%), China (19%), Italy Greece Marshall Islands (4%) (6%), Kingdom (7%), United Norway (8%), (9%),Greece Libya Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 79/83 138.5 0.869 1,838 75.9 18.7 25.0 1.34 94.0 17.1 24.0 57.3 73.6 80.4 80.7 11.4 34.0 11.1 420 7.4 2.2 2.5 1.8 6.8 0.1 0.1 13 32 17 1 2 1 2 2 3

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 159 CYPRUS Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 160 EGYPT Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Republican People’s Party Guards of the Homeland Party Wafd New The Party Future Nation’s Free Egyptians Party Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (House of Representatives) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official EGYPT Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 69,803 17,399 52,404 35.8 3 ): ): Exports Madbouly Mostafa Abdel Fattah el-Sisi semi-presidentialUnitary constitutional republic Egypt of Republic Arab 43,372 20,033 23,339 22.2 Balance Cairo (20.08*)* [including the population of Giza (4.52) and Shubra El-Khema (1.65)] El-Khema Shubra and (4.52) Giza of population the [including (20.08*)* Cairo Alexandria (5.09); Port Said (0.71) Said Port (5.09); Alexandria 1,001,450 76.5/65.5 236,528 -26,430 -29,065 19,983 82,886 12,698 2,634 8,157 7,392 103.2 8,636 -13.5 58.3 97.6 10.1 23.5 -2.5 836 200 199 911 0.6 4.2 1.9 1.4 3.8 7.2 43 13 36 65 86 34 86 98 18 53 97 3 Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy Other (Al-Nour) Light the of Party Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Independents Conservative Party Party Conference Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production 2   Russian (6%), Arabia (6%), Saudi (12%),China Germany States (6%), Saudi Arabia (6%) Arabia (6%), Saudi States United (6%), Turkey (8%), (9%),Italy Emirates Arab United Emissions (mt per capita): Federation (6%), Italy (6%) Partners Trading Main 69/74 105.5 0.696 58.0 13.1 3.27 86.2 26.6 25.0 33.0 24.2 53.0 11.5 48.4 45.0 16.0 11.8 33.8 67.6 -7.4 350 901 115 2.1 8.1 4.2 5.0 47 19 32 11 12 33 5 6 in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Independents and Agir UDI, Democratic Movement (centrist) conservative) liberal (LR, Republicans The La République En Marche! (liberal) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (National Assembly) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official FRANCE Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 847,896 240,472 607,423 32.8 3 ): ): Exports Édouard Philippe Emmanuel Macron Semi-presidential constitutional republic French Republic 802,610 249,474 553,137 31.0 Balance Paris (10.9) Bordeaux (1.00); (1.05); (1.60); Toulouse Lille (1.69);Lyon Marseille-Aix-en-Provence 2,587,682 549,087 -45,285 -54,287 86,861 58,116 49,795 25,372 44,168 69,894 9,001 211.0 67.1 11.5 98.5 -1.7 -1.0 306 307 103 123 104 476 ./.. .. 2.3 1.0 1.2 2.2 0.4 2.3 5.5 80 46 12 10 64 29 71 99 .. (0.95) Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy Non-inscrits andLiberties Territoires La France Insoumise (left coalition) Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Democratic and Republican Left (communist) The Socialists and affiliated group (social democrat) Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Unemployment rate (%): Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption Production (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Production 2   States (6%) States United (7%), Belgium (8%), (16%), (9%),Italy China Germany Belgium (7%) (7%), States United (8%), (15%), Italy (8%), Spain Germany Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 80/86 106.2 0.901 244.3 3,653 131.6 77.5 25.8 32.3 1.96 44.1 20.5 22.1 50.4 70.2 76.9 80.5 11.1 17.4 45.0 65.0 496 4.4 2.6 1.5 9.4 14 20 16 17 16 29 24 18 4

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 161 FRANCE Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 162 GREECE Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Change for Movement (SYRIZA) Left Radical the of Coalition New Democracy (ND, conservative) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official GREECE Urban population (%): population Urban International tourism International Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): Tourist arrivals (000): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Mean years of schooling: schooling: of years Mean (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 64,464 12,308 52,156 31.7 3 ): ): Exports Kyriakos Mitsotakis Prokopis Pavlopoulos Parliamentary constitutional republic Hellenic Republic 63,696 32,224 31,472 31.4 Balance Athens (3.16) Athens Thessaloniki (0.81); Patras (0.26); Herakliom (0.22); Larissa (0.17); (0.14) Volos Larissa (0.22); Herakliom (0.26); (0.81); Patras Thessaloniki 98.3/96.5 203,493 131,960 -20,684 19,916 27,194 27,812 18,820 4,046 179.3 -768 68.4 10.8 10.8 -0.1 -0.4 158 146 100 319 672 865 126 1.0 0.2 1.1 4.1 1.5 2.5 22 83 79 86 93 ...... Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy Greek Solution (right) Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors (left) MeRA25 Communist Party of Greece (KKE) Greece of Party Communist Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption employment): total (% of Industry GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Human Development Index (position in ranking): employment): total (% of Services Unemployment rate (%): Physicians density (per 10,000): eq): oil mt (millions Production Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption 2   of Korea (6%), Iraq (6%) (6%), Iraq Korea of Republic (7%), Federation Russian (8%), (10%), Italy Germany Bulgaria (6%), (11%), (7%), (7%), Turkey Cyprus Italy Germany Emissions (mt per capita): (5%) Partners Trading Main 79/84 115.9 455.1 0.870 2,104 68.6 35.2 43.0 64.2 22.7 72.5 12.1 43.5 45.5 68.7 1.33 69.9 15.4 15.0 21.5 62.6 5.9 3.7 4.5 8.4 6.7 20 10 15 31 14 4 9 in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Hadash-Ta'al (arab parties) United Torah Judaism (ultraorthodox Ashkenazis) Shas (ultraorthodox Sephardis) White and Blue Likud (neo-conservatives) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (Knesset) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official ISRAEL Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 97,735 29,123 68,612 27.7 3 ): ): Exports Benjamin Netanyahu Reuven Rivlin Parliamentary democracy State of Israel 102,989 44,320 58,669 29.2 Balance Jerusalem (0.91)Jerusalem Tel Aviv-Jaffa (4.01); Haifa (1.14) (4.01); Haifa Tel Aviv-Jaffa 353,268 15,197 18,954 36,662 22,070 -9,943 5,254 3,613 6,275 7,572 13.0 60.4 178 104 403 990 ./.. .. 1.8 4.3 1.5 0.3 0.2 1.0 3.4 1.9 8.7 4.4 5.9 92 35 63 35 97 6 8 8 ...... Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy Kulanu (centrist) Yisrael Beiteinu (far-right ultranationalist) Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Labor Other United Right Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Unemployment rate (%): Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production 2   (5%), Turkey (5%) (5%), Turkey Belgium (7%), (15%), (12%), States China Germany United China (5%), China (5%), Belgium (4%) (5%), Belgium (5%), China China SAR, Kong (7%), Hong Kingdom (24%), United States United Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 81/85 126.7 0.903 2,685 78.1 19.9 36.2 3.11 65.0 22.9 17.5 22.7 69.4 81.6 81.6 19.6 31.0 323 7.5 1.0 7.3 1.2 7.4 0.0 4.2 8.3 12 22 28 3 4 5 6 8 5

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 163 ISRAEL Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 164 ITALY Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population (FdI) Italy of Brothers Forza Italia- (FI, conservative) Democratic (social Party democrat) Northern League (LN, regionalists, populist right) Five Star Movement (M5S, populist movement) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (Chamber of Deputies) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official ITALY Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 547,189 114,940 432,248 28.1 3 ): ): Exports Giuseppe Conte Sergio Mattarella Parliamentary constitutional republic Italian Republic 605,885 110,788 495,097 31.2 Balance Rome (4.21) Milan (3.13); Naples (2.20); Torino (1.79); Bergamo (0.87); Palermo (0.85) Palermo (0.87); (1.79); Torino (2.20); Bergamo (3.13); Naples Milan 1,946,888 99.1/98.6 301,340 58,697 62,849 58,253 17,077 38,358 44,548 -4,152 191.3 4,417 9,287 131.3 1.33 60.6 10.2 -0.1 111 219 347 103 206 104 125 900 3.0 0.5 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.4 4.1 70 33 63 97 ...... Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy Associative Movement Italians Abroad (centrist) Popular Civic List–AP–PSI–AC (centre-liberal) Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Others Linguistic Minorities (SVP–PATT) (left) Equal and Free Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption Unemployment rate (%): Production (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Production Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption 2   Spain (5%) Spain (6%), (7%), Netherlands (9%),China (16%), France Germany (5%), United Kingdom (5%) Kingdom (5%), United Spain (9%), States (10%), (12%), United France Germany Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 81/86 141.3 0.880 151.0 2,490 64.3 21.5 39.5 1.35 76.4 26.0 34.8 40.1 66.2 71.7 61.3 21.6 34.0 11.2 33.8 628 5.4 3.8 1.9 9.0 8.8 23 13 14 28 14 3 3 4 4 in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population National Current Islamic Centrist (ICP, Party Islamists) Zamzam, (Islamists moderate) Islamic Action Front (Islamists, Muslim Brotherhood) Independents Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (Chamber of Deputies) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official JORDAN Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 22,364 17,695 4,670 54.9 3 ): ): Exports Omar Razzaz II King Abdullah Parliamentary constitutional monarchy Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 14,184 6,720 7,464 34.8 Balance Amman (2.06) Amman Zarqa (0.71); Irbid (0.55); Russeifa (0.52) Russeifa (0.55); (0.71); Irbid Zarqa 98.4/97.4 -10,230 40,766 30,036 89,320 -8,180 2,050 3,844 1,665 4,418 9,232 5,549 -20.1 0.30 11.0 10.4 94.3 -0.8 100 116 109 145 0.9 3.3 2.0 2.6 9.7 4.8 3.6 91 52 32 65 10 4 5 7 5 3 .. .. Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy National Union Party Arab Socialist Ba'ath Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Al-Awn Communist Party Party Reform and Justice Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Unemployment rate (%): Marine (% of territorial waters): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption GDP): (% of added value Industry, Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production 2   Arab Emirates (5%), Germany (4%) (5%), Germany Emirates Arab United (10%), States (13%), (14%), United Arabia China Saudi (7%), United Arab Emirates (5%) Emirates Arab (7%), United Iraq (11%), (9%), (21%), Arabia India States Saudi United Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 73/76 100.0 0.735 47.0 26.5 3.38 96,8 34,9 59,2 63,9 71,7 66.8 14,9 35.6 14.0 25,4 109 949 2.5 1.8 9,0 4,8 3,5 4,0 6.3 0,4 15 95 36 4 1 1 1 1 2

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 165 JORDAN Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 166 LEBANON Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in Education Society GDP) (% of services and goods in Area km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Free Patriotic Movement and allies (Free Patriotic Migrant remittances Migrant remittances tourism International &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban [17]; Movement (Amal allies and Amal-Hezbollah Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official LEBANON Water Trade Total FDI Population density (hab/km Population (millions): Security in services (millions $) (millions services in Receipts (millions $): Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military (000): forces armed Total m (millions production water Desalinated (m withdrawal Water (km resources Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): GDP): (% of Receipts Tourist arrivals (000): (%): Rate Inflation GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP Net enrolment rate (primary): (primary): rate enrolment Net (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water $) (millions goods in $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water GDP per capita ($, PPP): PPP): ($, capita per GDP $): (millions GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism $): (millions Outflows $): (millions Inflows [3]; Others [2]) Others [3]; Federation Revolutionary [24]; Armenian Movement Others [5]; Independents [2]) Independents [5]; Others Hezbollah [13]; Syrian Social Nationalist [3]; Party 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 13,853 30,839 16,986 57.8 3 ): ): Saad Hariri AounMichel Confessionalist parliamentary republic Lebanese Republic Exports 16,080 19,870 3,790 37.2 Balance Tripoli (0.7); Sidon (0.27) (0.7); Sidon Tripoli Beirut (2.38) -13,196 -10,969 73,526 14,351 53,394 10,450 2,227 7,955 8,087 149.0 1,857 2,628 -20.5 15.1 321 595 567 ./.. .. 1.3 2.5 8.7 4.6 4.5 1.5 4.5 6.1 0.8 40 88 38 86 88 29 80 63 1 .. .. Development Development Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): woman): per (births rate fertility Total Protected areas Protected Export: Import: Labour market Others Movement Azm Progressive Socialist Party Economic Sectors Lebanese Forces and allies allies and Movement Future Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Health Energy Employment in: Emissions Population age <15 age (%): Population Population age >64 (%): >64 age Population ICT Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption employment): total (% of Services Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Consumption per capita (kg oil eq): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Industry Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet Youth unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, Households with computer (per 100): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): CO used): (% energy Import Mobile subscriptions (per 100): Human Development Index (value): Labour participation rate, female (%): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Agriculture (% of total employment): employment): total (% of Agriculture 2   Germany (6%) (7%), States (7%), United (9%),Greece (10%), Italy China Saudi Arabia (7%), Syria (7%) (7%), Syria Arabia Saudi (11%), (8%), Africa Emirates (12%), South Arab China United Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 78/82 1,295 0.757 72.3 29.0 23.8 1.72 65.4 22.3 13.6 78.2 17.0 74.0 97.9 14.1 12.2 0.2 3.9 7.4 0.2 6.1 7.8 2.6 4.2 11 80 15 20 97 23 9 4 7 9 .. in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total Migrant remittances FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population the over take to acampaign begun 2019 has In he capital Tripoli. country. the of south and east the the of controls parts (LNA) Army controlling National Libyan elements tribal Hafter’s and Marshal jihadist country. various and supporters, its and Tripoli in Congress Tobruk in National Deputies of General New the Council the between war supporters, its civil and ongoing an after country the uniting of task the with self-exile from back came designated, al-Sarraj, Minister Fayez Prime 2016, UN-backed march of month 2011. in the During Jamahiriya Arab Libyan the of collapse the to due state Uncertain Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official LIBYA Urban population (%): population Urban International tourism International Population (millions): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): Tourist arrivals (000): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Mean years of schooling: schooling: of years Mean (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Tourism receipts (million $): (million receipts Tourism Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 8,978 3 ): ): ...... Exports Fayez al-Sarraj Provisional parliamentary republic Libya of State 7,878 ...... Balance Tripoli (1.16) Tripoli Benghazi (0.80); Misrata (0.80); Zawiya (0.20) Zawiya (0.80); Misrata (0.80); Benghazi 1,759,540 30,565 -1,099 9,610 -43.0 28.5 26.7 110 928 1.3 0.7 7.3 6.4 70 83 80 4 5

...... Import: Labour market Export: Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Energy Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Industry (% of total employment): total (% of Industry Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption employment): total (% of Services Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Physicians density (per 10,000): 2   Germany (12%), (12%),Italy China (11%), Turkey (5%), Spain China (17%), (9%), (12%), (14%),Italy Spain France Germany Emissions (mt per capita): (7%) (5%) Partners Trading Main -103,0 69/75 0.706 2,395 94.4 37.0 15.1 29.1 65.3 41.2 14.9 2.27 26.7 21.8 17.1 20.9 348 108 6.9 0.2 8.0 0.6 11 28 4 ......

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 167 LIBYA Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 168 MALTA Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in Education Society GDP) (% of services and goods in Migrant remittances Migrant remittances tourism International &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Malta Labour (MLP, Party social democracy) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (House of Representatives) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official MALTA Water Trade Total FDI Population density (hab/km Population (millions): Security in services (millions $) (millions services in Tourist arrivals (000): Receipts (millions $): Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military (000): forces armed Total m (millions production water Desalinated (m withdrawal Water (km resources Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): GDP): (% of Receipts (%): Rate Inflation GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP Net enrolment rate (primary): (primary): rate enrolment Net (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult Water withdrawal by sector (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water $) (millions goods in $): (million receipts Tourism $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public GDP per capita ($, PPP): PPP): ($, capita per GDP $): (millions GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (millions Outflows $): (millions Inflows 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 14,580 9,764 116.1 4,816 3 ): ): Joseph Muscat George Vella Parliamentary republic Republic of Malta Exports 13,658 16,944 135.0 3,286 Balance Birkirkara (0.02);Birkirkara Qormi (0.02) (0.21) Valleta 91.8/94.8 42,532 12,754 -1,530 -7,115 3,894 2,364 1,746 2,274 1,462 3,185 18.8 50.2 0.60 11.3 108 215 320 5.3 2.2 0.5 1.8 1.3 6.4 0.1 0.5 5.3 95 37 49 98 96 19 64 2 2 .. Development Development alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total Protected areas Protected Export: Import: Energy Labour market Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Democratic Party Nationalist (NP, Party centre-right) Health Employment in: Emissions Population age <15 age (%): Population Population age >64 (%): >64 age Population ICT Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption employment): total (% of Services Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Industry, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Industry, Consumption per capita (kg oil eq): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Industry Unemployment rate (%): Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet used): (% energy Import Youth unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, Households with computer (per 100): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): CO Hospital beds (per 10,000): Mobile subscriptions (per 100): Human Development Index (value): Labour participation rate, female (%): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Agriculture (% of total employment): employment): total (% of Agriculture 2   Canada (5%) Canada (5%), Spain (8%), Kingdom (9%),United (25%), Germany Italy Hong Kong SAR, China (6%) China SAR, Kong Hong (11%), (6%), (18%), (10%), France Germany Singapore Italy Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 81/84 140.4 1,322 0.878 39.1 12.1 1.45 19.8 79.2 80.1 98.4 11.2 74.9 73.7 47.0 43.3 30.3 644 6.3 3.1 9.6 0.0 4.6 0.6 1.0 1.0 29 28 14 19 6 2 in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Social Democratic (social-democracy) Party All of Benefit the For Democratic Montenegro (Democrats, centrist) Democratic Front (centre-right) Democratic of Party Socialists (centre-left) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official MONTENEGRO Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 3,138 2,542 64.8 596 3 ): ): Exports Dusko Markovic Milo Dukanovi Parliamentary republic Montenegro 2,006 1,569 41.4 437 Balance Podgorica (0.18) Niksic (0.07); Pljevlja (0.03); Herceg Novi (0.03) 99.4/87.5 ć 17,833 13,810 -1,132 -2,105 1,877 4,854 3,138 1,109 -23.4 0.38 11.3 66.3 -4.5 972 546 426 258 9.0 2.4 4.7 0.0 0.6 1.5 66 35 12 58 90 11 46 17 39 95 4 8 1 6 ...... Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy Democratic Alliance (Demos) Social Democrats Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Bosniak (BS) Party Other Other Action Reform United Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Unemployment rate (%): Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production 2   and Herzegovina (7%) Herzegovina and Bosnia (7%), (9%),Italy (10%), Germany (22%), China Serbia Hong Kong SAR, China (9%), Turkey (6%) (9%),Turkey China SAR, Kong Hong (9%), (13%), Hungary Herzegovina and (18%), Bosnia Serbia Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 75/80 166.1 0.787 1,557 71.7 23.4 1.67 27.6 17.1 32.6 43.7 59.1 75.0 71.3 15.9 40.0 16.1 3.4 6.4 1.0 7.9 6.8 0.0 6.0 0.7 15 50 18 3 1 2 2 4 1 ..

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 169 MONTENEGRO Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 170 MOROCCO Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Popular Movement (MP, conservative) National Rally of Independents centre-right, (RNI, liberal) Istiqlal (PI, centre-right, Party nationalism) liberal) (PAM, Party Modernity and Authenticity Justice and Development (PJD, Party Islamist) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (House of Representatives) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official MOROCCO Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 49,447 39,652 9,794 45.1 3 ): ): Exports Othmani Saadeddine King VI Mohammed Parliamentary constitutional monarchy Morocco of Kingdom 38,685 17,261 21,423 35.3 Balance Rabat (1.85) Rabat Casablanca (3.68); Fes (1.18); (0.89) Fes (3.68); Agadir (1.12); (0.98); Tanger Casablanca Marrakech 80.4/59.1 109,709 446,550 -10,762 -18,229 11,349 49,752 7,467 2,651 7,467 8,566 9,086 29.0 35.7 65.1 -9.8 -0.9 125 246 960 102 316 0.7 6.8 0.8 4.1 1.3 3.2 5.1 5.5 62 27 46 88 34 80 80 37 97 7 2 Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy Democratic and Social Movement (royalist) Constitutional Union (UC, centrist) Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Others communist) (PPS, Socialism and Progress of Party Socialist Union of People's Forces (USFP) Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): Unemployment rate (%): Marine (% of territorial waters): Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption GDP): (% of added value Industry, Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production 2   Germany (6%) (7%), States (17%), (12%), (9%),United Spain China France Brazil (4%) Brazil (4%), States (5%), United (13%), Italy France (23%), Spain Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 75/77 122.9 0.667 58.4 30.8 2.49 90.7 19.5 21.6 38.3 22.0 12.2 50.0 12.4 40.1 61.8 11.0 26.1 123 553 1.6 6.2 5.5 9.1 0.3 1.8 73 20 19 12 20 27 7 3 4 in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in Education Society GDP) (% of services and goods in Area km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Migrant remittances Migrant remittances &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km Democratic Union for Integration (BDI/DUI, Unity National Macedonian for Party Democratic Social Democratic Union Coalition (SDSM) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) of (Assembly the Republic) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official NORTH MACEDONIA Urban population (%): population Urban Water Trade Total tourism International FDI Population (millions): Security in services (millions $) (millions services in Receipts (millions $): Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military (000): forces armed Total m (millions production water Desalinated (m withdrawal Water (km resources Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public enrolmentGross rate (secondary): GDP): (% of Receipts Tourist arrivals (000): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP Net enrolment rate (primary): (primary): rate enrolment Net (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water schooling: of years Mean (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $) (millions goods in $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water GDP per capita ($, PPP): PPP): ($, capita per GDP $): (millions GDP Tourism receipts (million $): (million receipts Tourism $): (millions Inflows Albanian minority interests) (conservatism) (VMRO-DPMNE) (Social democracy, Third way) 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 6,628.4 1,204 7,832 69.4 3 ): ): Zoran Zaev Zoran Pendarovski Stevo Parliamentary republic Macedonia ofRepublic North Exports 4,546.5 1,659 6,205 55.0 Balance Bitola (0.11);Bitola (0.11); Kumanovo Tetovo (0.09) Skopje (0.58) 98.8/96.7 -2,082.0 14,976 25,710 11,307 -1,627 8,566 -14.4 39.4 0.44 -1.4 269 455 314 331 256 631 0.1 9.6 2.1 1.0 2.8 1.4 0.2 6.4 83 19 82 92 58 10 39 50 16 76 41 -2 .. .. Development Development Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population Protected areas Protected Health Export: Import: Labour market Others Independents Democratic of Party Albanians (PDS/DPA, Albanian) Alliance for The Albanians Besa Movement (social conservatism) Economic Sectors Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Energy Employment in: Emissions Population age <15 age (%): Population ICT Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Consumption per capita (kg oil eq): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Agriculture Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry Youth unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, Households with computer (per 100): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): CO employment): total (% of Services Mobile subscriptions (per 100): Human Development Index (value): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Physicians density (per 10,000): Labour participation rate, female (%): Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, 2   (8%), China (6%) China (8%), Serbia (8%), (10%), Greece (12%), Kingdom United Germany Belgium (4%) Belgium (4%), (5%), Greece (7%), Bulgaria (47%), Czechia Germany Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 74/78 1,279 0.757 96.4 44.0 53.2 16.2 22.4 24.1 1.53 76.3 51.8 30.6 46.7 54.6 67.3 28.0 42.7 185 3.3 6.1 1.1 2.7 9.7 7.9 80 13 12 17 3 2 5 9 2 ..

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 171 NORTH MACEDONIA Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 172 PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in Education Society GDP) (% of services and goods in Migrant remittances Migrant remittances tourism International &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Palestine of Liberation the for Front Popular Hamas (Islamists) 2007) since govern and meet to unable been has council Political represented parties legislative in the current Parliament (seats) (Palestinian Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form use): (UN Name PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES Water Trade Total FDI Population density (hab/km Population (millions): Security Fatah (nationalists, socialists) in services (millions $) (millions services in Receipts (millions $): Desalinated water production (millions m (millions production water Desalinated Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military (000): forces armed Total (m withdrawal Water (km resources Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): GDP): (% of Receipts Tourist arrivals (000): (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP Net enrolment rate (primary): (primary): rate enrolment Net (%): /Women Men rate, literacy Adult Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water $) (millions goods in Water withdrawal by sector (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water GDP per capita ($, PPP): PPP): ($, capita per GDP $): (millions GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism $): (millions Outflows $): (millions Inflows (PFLP, nationalists, Marxists) 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 1,580 8,144 6,565 56.2 3 ): ): Mahammad Shtayyeh Mahmoud Abbas De jure parliamentary democracy operating de facto as a semi-presidential system Occupied Palestinian Territories Exports 2,123 2,809 19.4 686 Balance Gaza City (0.67); Hebron (0.22); Nablus (0.21); Jenin (0.15); (0.18) Yunis (0.21); Jenin Khan Nablus (0.22); Hebron (0.67); City Gaza Al Quds (East Jerusalem) (0.27); Ramallah (0.08) [administrative centre] 98.6/95.2 -4,442 -5,335 2,034 6,020 -36.8 -894 0.50 14.7 111 778 225 503 203 -19 2.9 5.3 9.1 3.1 0.8 4.7 74 42 92 76 45 85 3 ...... Labour market Development Development Life expectancy at birth, Men/Women (years): woman): per (births rate fertility Total Protected areas Protected Export: Import: Independents Others Way (centre) Third Economic Sectors Palestinian National Initiative (social-democracy) Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Health Energy Employment in: Emissions Population age <15 age (%): Population Population age >64 (%): >64 age Population ICT Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption employment): total (% of Services Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Consumption per capita (kg oil eq): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Industry Unemployment rate (%): Households with computer (per 100): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): CO used): (% energy Import Youth unemployment rate (%): Mobile subscriptions (per 100): Human Development Index (value): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Industry, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Industry, Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Agriculture (% of total employment): employment): total (% of Agriculture 2

 Jordan (3%) (3%), Korea of (4%), Republic (5%), China Turkey (66%), Israel Arabia (1%), (1%) Qatar Arabia Saudi (2%), Emirates Arab (5%), United Jordan (86%), Israel Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 4 2 2 2 72/76 0.686 81.2 4.01 62.2 31.1 27.4 25.7 65.2 43.1 119 8.4 6.7 22 18 73 56 40 3 4 ...... in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in Education Society GDP) (% of services and goods in Migrant remittances Migrant remittances tourism International &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Party -People's Centre Social and Democratic /communism) /Trotskyism socialism (BE, Bloc Left Socialist (PS) Party Social Democratic (PSD) Party Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) of (Assembly the Republic) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official PORTUGAL Water Trade Total FDI Population density (hab/km Population (millions): Security in services (millions $) (millions services in Receipts (millions $): Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military (000): forces armed Total m (millions production water Desalinated (m withdrawal Water (km resources Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): GDP): (% of Receipts Tourist arrivals (000): (%): Rate Inflation GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP Net enrolment rate (primary): (primary): rate enrolment Net (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult Water withdrawal by sector (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water $) (millions goods in $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public GDP per capita ($, PPP): PPP): ($, capita per GDP $): (millions GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism $): (millions Outflows $): (millions Inflows (CDS/PP, Christian democracy) 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 16,361 90,908 74,547 46.6 3 ): ): Antonio Luis Santos da Costa Costa da Santos Luis Antonio Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa Semi-presidential constitutional republic Portuguese Republic Exports 60,903 34,298 95,201 48.8 Balance Porto (1.31); Braga (0.19); Guimaraes (0.16) (1.31); (0.19);Porto Braga Guimaraes Lisbon (2.93) 96.3/92.9 219,748 -13,644 17,937 21,099 30,622 15,432 92,226 -2,409 4,293 4,811 124.8 6,946 77.4 1.28 10.3 -0.3 867 112 118 2.2 4.9 9.2 1.7 2.2 1.6 2.8 0.7 19 89 63 96 65 18 85 52 ...... Development Development Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): woman): per (births rate fertility Total Protected areas Protected Export: Import: Labour market Independent (PEV) Greens" "The Party Ecologist Economic Sectors alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant People-Animals-Nature (PCP) Portuguese Communist Party Health Energy Employment in: Emissions Population age <15 age (%): Population Population age >64 (%): >64 age Population ICT Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption employment): total (% of Services Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Consumption per capita (kg oil eq): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Industry Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet used): (% energy Import Youth unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, Households with computer (per 100): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): CO Mobile subscriptions (per 100): Human Development Index (value): Labour participation rate, female (%): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Agriculture (% of total employment): employment): total (% of Agriculture 2   Netherlands (5%) (5%), (14%), (7%), Italy France Germany (32%), Spain (7%), United States (5%) States (7%), United Kingdom United (11%), (13%), Germany (25%), France Spain Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 78/84 113.3 2,143 0.891 30.0 38.2 1.31 68.9 24.7 19.5 22.1 84.6 76.9 23.9 65.2 78.4 54.2 28.1 482 8.4 5.1 9.2 6.0 8.9 2.0 6.9 41 15 14 22 1 2 3 1

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 173 PORTUGAL Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 174 SERBIA Country Profiles in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in Democratic Party Serbian Radical Party Education Society Migrant remittances State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official SERBIA GDP &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Non-affiliated Socialist of Party Serbia (socialism) Serbian Progressive Party Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (National Assembly of Serbia) Government: of Head Urban population (%): population Urban Water Total Trade Total tourism International FDI Population (millions): Security in services (millions $) (millions services in Receipts (millions $): Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military (000): forces armed Total m (millions production water Desalinated (km resources Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): Water withdrawal (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of Receipts Tourist arrivals (000): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water Water withdrawal by sector (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water in goods (millions $) (millions goods in $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public Net enrolment rate (primary): (primary): rate enrolment Net (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult GDP per capita ($, PPP): PPP): ($, capita per GDP $): (millions GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross Tourism receipts (million $): (million receipts Tourism $): (millions Inflows 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 25,874 20,367 5,506 53.0 3 ): ): Aleksandar Vu Parliamentary republic Serbia of Republic Ana Brnabi Exports 15,876 23,368 7,492 47.9 ć Balance Novi Sad (0.34); Nis (0.26); Kragujevac (0.18); Subotica (0.14) (0.18); Subotica Kragujevac (0.26); Nis (0.34); Sad Novi Belgrade (1.40) 99.5/98.2 č 34,549 16,386 88,360 44,120 i -4,492 -2,506 ć 1,986 4,703 1,705 3,191 1,497 58.7 0.87 11.1 -0.5 -5.1 105 469 188 3.9 7.0 2.0 9.6 3.1 1.9 8.4 3.9 22 15 80 12 66 95 56 15 22 32 95 30 65 Export: Protected areas Protected Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population ofParty United Pensioners of Serbia Liberal Democratic - Party League of Social Democrats Import: Labour market Development Development Economic Sectors alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Others Dveri (right wing) Social Democratic Party Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Health Emissions Energy Employment in: Population age <15 age (%): Population ICT Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Agriculture Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet Households with computer (per 100): CO Hospital beds (per 10,000): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry Youth unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): employment): total (% of Services Mobile subscriptions (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Labour participation rate, female (%): Human Development Index (value): Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Vojvodina - SDA -SDA Vojvodina of 2   (7%), Hungary (8%) (7%), Hungary Federation Russian (8%), (10%), (13%), China Italy Germany Russian Federation (6%), Montenegro (5%) (8%), Herzegovina and (13%), (13%), Bosnia Germany Italy Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 74/79 124.0 2,164 0.787 24.6 10.7 57.5 17.2 13.5 26.4 15.3 1.46 70.3 68.1 57.0 28.8 25.3 31.5 50.0 47.0 207 6.5 9.4 6.6 6.0 67 17 37 10 16 9 9 5 6 .. in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in Education Society GDP) (% of services and goods in Migrant remittances Migrant remittances &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Left The Modern Centre (SMC) Party (Social liberalism) Social Democrats (SD) List of Marjan Sarec Slovenian Democratic (SDS, Party conservative) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official SLOVENIA Urban population (%): population Urban Water Trade Total tourism International FDI Population (millions): Security in services (millions $) (millions services in Receipts (millions $): Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military (000): forces armed Total m (millions production water Desalinated (m withdrawal Water (km resources Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public enrolmentGross rate (secondary): GDP): (% of Receipts Tourist arrivals (000): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP Net enrolment rate (primary): (primary): rate enrolment Net (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult Water withdrawal by sector (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water schooling: of years Mean (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $) (millions goods in $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public GDP per capita ($, PPP): PPP): ($, capita per GDP $): (millions GDP Tourism receipts (million $): (million receipts Tourism $): (millions Inflows 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 35,522 30,314 5,208 73.3 3 ): ): Marjan Sarec Pahor Borut Parliamentary constitutional republic Slovenia of Republic Exports 32,074 40,179 8,105 82.9 Balance Maribor (0.10);Maribor Celje (0.05); Kranj (0.04) Ljubljana (0.29) 99.7/98.6 34,420 20,675 48,553 1,759 2,897 4,656 2,952 3,586 12.2 74.1 31.9 2.00 103 559 115 406 702 107 9.6 0.1 4.9 2.1 1.0 0.8 1.4 5.0 1.5 10 25 85 98 54 12 78 9 9 7 3 0 .. Development Development Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population Protected areas Protected Health Export: Import: Labour market Party of Alenka Bratusek Alenka of Party Economic Sectors Democratic Pensioners' of Party Slovenia (DESUS) (NSi) Party People's -Christian Slovenia New Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Others Slovenian National (SNS) Party Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Energy Employment in: Emissions Population age <15 age (%): Population ICT Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Consumption per capita (kg oil eq): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Agriculture Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry Youth unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, Households with computer (per 100): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): CO employment): total (% of Services Mobile subscriptions (per 100): Human Development Index (value): Labour participation rate, female (%): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Physicians density (per 10,000): Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, (Single-issue) 2   Croatia (7%), (9%),China (17%), (13%), Austria Italy Germany France (5%) France (8%), Austria (8%), (10%), Croatia Italy (20%), Germany Emissions (mt per capita): (5%) Partners Trading Main 78/84 117.5 100.0 3,290 0.896 46.0 61.2 28.8 1.57 78.9 48.5 33.3 11.3 56.4 79.5 53.8 53.6 27.7 524 6.6 8.5 3.6 5.6 6.6 6.8 1.8 25 19 15 5 5 7 2 4

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 175 SLOVENIA Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 176 SPAIN Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population right) Vox (far wing) (left allies and We Can United Citizens People's (PP, Party conservative) Spanish Socialist Workers' social (PSOE, Party democrat) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (Congress of Deputies) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official SPAIN Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 414,147 337,850 76,297 31.5 3 ): ): Exports Pedro Sánchez VI Felipe King Parliamentary constitutional monarchy Spain of Kingdom 452,310 139,072 313,238 34.4 Balance Madrid (6.50) Madrid Barcelona (5.49); Valencia (0.83); Zaragoza (0.72); Seville (0.71) (0.72); Seville Zaragoza (0.83); Valencia (5.49); Barcelona 1,316,951 98.8/97.7 505,935 -24,611 38,164 62,775 81,786 40,786 19,086 10,692 38,320 68,437 111.5 1.22 46.6 98.1 -0.7 123 196 100 128 801 2.9 0.8 2.0 3.0 0.2 1.2 4.3 9.8 80 24 57 68 91 93 42 66 18 99 .. Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy EH-Bildu (far left, basque nationalist) basque left, (far EH-Bildu Junts per Cat (independentist regional) Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Others Basque Nationalist (Christian Party democratic nationalist) Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC, independentist regional) Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Unemployment rate (%): Production (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Production Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption 2   States (4%) States United (11%), (6%), (13%), France Italy (8%), Germany China United Kingdom (7%) (7%), (11%), (15%), Portugal (8%), Germany France Italy Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 81/86 113.3 0.891 119.8 2,578 78.4 28.1 38.2 1.33 71.4 20.1 38.7 51.9 66.1 75.6 84.6 30.0 21.9 17.2 34.1 482 5.1 4.4 2.7 2.6 9.2 8.4 19 15 26 15 4 7 6 6 in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total Migrant remittances FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population by led coalition (NFP, Front Progressive National Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (People’s Council of Syria) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official SYRIA Urban population (%): population Urban International tourism International Population (millions): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): Tourist arrivals (000): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Mean years of schooling: schooling: of years Mean (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Tourism receipts (million $): (million receipts Tourism GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water the Baath Party) Baath the 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 6,864 3 ): ): ...... Exports Khamis Imad Bashar al-Assad Dominant-party semi-presidential state Syrian Arab Republic 2,298 ...... Balance Damascus (2.32) Aleppo (1.75); Homs (1.30); Hamah (0.89); Latakia (0.64) Latakia (0.89); (1.75); (1.30); Hamah Aleppo Homs 185,180 -4,566 1,623 4,654 16.8 18.3 -0.9 200 239 863 ./.. .. 8.8 6.3 5.1 99 24 49 54 29 63 39 ...... Import: Export: Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Independents Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Energy Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Services, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Import (% energy used): (% energy Import eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): Total Health Expenditure (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet Marine (% of territorial waters): Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption employment): total (% of Services employment): total (% of Industry Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Physicians density (per 10,000): 2   (5%), Ukraine (5%) (5%), Ukraine Taiwan (13%), (6%), Turkey (32%), China Federation Russian Arabia (4%) Arabia Saudi (11%), (4%), (5%), Turkey (45%), Lebanon Iraq Jordan Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 65/77 0.536 84.2 15.0 47.8 56.3 14.7 18.8 23.4 2.92 34.3 29.0 15.5 246 155 539 1.4 0.7 9.9 4.2 0.2 8.0 14 50 37 4 ......

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 177 SYRIA Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 178 TUNISIA Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Free Patriotic Union (UPL) (Secularist, Liberalist) Popular Front (FP) (Secularist, Socialist) Machrouu Tounes Call for Tunisia (NT) (Secularist, Social democracy) Ennahda (Islamist) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (National Constituent Assembly) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official TUNISIA Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 22,498 19,537 2,962 56.1 3 ): ): Exports Youssef Chahed EnnaceurMohamed (acting) Semi-Presidential Republic Republic of Tunisia 17,489 14,229 3,260 43.6 Balance Tunis (2.29) Tunis Sfax (0.75); Sousse (0.67); Kairouan (0.57) Kairouan (0.67); (0.75); Sousse Sfax 86.1/72.2 163,610 39,956 32,152 11,936 -5,009 -5,308 7,052 1,903 1,782 -12.5 0.60 11.5 70.3 -3.5 298 880 304 4.6 4.8 5.3 2.0 1.1 2.3 6.3 6.7 69 12 25 69 48 20 80 33 93 57 74 15 67 99 5 Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy People's Movement (Secularist, Socialist) Al-Irada Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Others Democratic Current (Pan-Arabist) Tunisian Aspiration (Secularist, Liberalist) Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production 2   Turkey (8%), (15%), (9%),Germany (16%), China France Italy Algeria (3%) (12%), (4%), (16%), (31%), Spain Germany Italy France Emissions (mt per capita): (5%) Partners Trading Main 74/78 124.3 0.735 47.1 16.5 11.2 2.20 36.2 11.0 32.9 15.0 34.7 21.5 58.8 52.0 55.5 23.0 15.4 23.1 965 2.2 7.9 9.5 6.7 1.0 6.0 88 12 10 95 24 8 3 4 3 in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in Republican People's Party (CHP, social democracy, democracy, (CHP, social Party People's Republican Justice and Development (AKP, Party Islamism, Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (Grand National Assembly) Government: of Head Security Water Education Society GDP) (% of services and goods in Peoples' Democratic (HDP, Party Democratic socialist, Migrant remittances Migrant remittances FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official TURKEY Urban population (%): population Urban Total Trade Total tourism International Population (millions): Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total in services (millions $) (millions services in Receipts (millions $): Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net GDP): (% of Receipts Tourist arrivals (000): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult Mean years of schooling: schooling: of years Mean (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $) (millions goods in Inflows (millions $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Tourism receipts (million $): (million receipts Tourism GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water laicist) conservative) anti-capitalist) 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 249,170 225,114 24,056 29.3 3 ): ): Recep Tayyip Erdo Recep Tayyip Erdo Parliamentary republic Turkey of Republic Exports 166,161 210,163 44,002 24.7 Balance Istanbul (14.95); Izmir (2.94); Bursa (1.92); Adana (1.73); Gaziantep (1.63); (1.27) Konya (1.73); (1.92); Adana Gaziantep Bursa (2.94); (14.95); Izmir Istanbul Ankara (4.92) 98.8/93.6 851,521 454,725 785,350 -58,953 -39,007 19,946 31,870 10,864 37,601 27,049 211.6 1,045 2,630 0.90 80.7 11.1 28.3 -4.6 -1.0 140 291 105 512 103 561 104 ğ ğ 1.5 8.0 7.4 2.1 4.3 0.1 62 68 75 94 an an 1 8 Independents Nationalist Movement (MHP, Party Turkish nationalist) Development Development Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Export: Import: Vacants Others İ Employment in: Economic Sectors Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Energy Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Y İ Party (centre, Party Turkish nationalist) Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Consumption per capita (kg oil eq): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total used): (% energy Import Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): Human Development Index (position in ranking): employment): total (% of Services employment): total (% of Industry Physicians density (per 10,000): 2 

States (5%), Italy (5%) (5%), Italy States United (8%), Federation (9%),Russian (10%), Germany China Iraq (6%), United States (6%) States (6%), United Iraq (6%), Emirates Arab (6%), United Kingdom (10%), United Germany Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 73/79 0.791 1.719 136.7 96.4 57.3 27.0 36.1 54.1 19.4 20.1 33.6 53.4 10.0 2.05 64.7 75.2 10.8 29.2 26.5 17.5 135 4.3 0.2 6.1 4.1 0.1 39 49 10 64 25 5 8 3

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 179 TURKEY Country Profiles