July 27, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25325 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS THE NEED FOR LABOR LAW then did so only under threat of con­ chairinan of the House Armed Services Com­ REFORM tempt of court. mittee on which I serve, the distinguished Under present law, the National Labor gentleman from Illinois, Mr. Melvin Price. Relations Board must seek preliminary I congratulate your organization for select­ HON. RONALD M. MOTTL ing Mel Price to receive your annual L. injunctions when a union is charged Mendel Rivers Award for Legislative Action, OF OHIO with the violation of certain provisions just as I congratulate him for being chosen. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the National Labor Relations Act. The Your organization named this award for one Wednesday, July 27, 1977 Board also has discretionary powers to of Mel Price's predecessors as chalnnan of seek preliminary injunctions against our cominittee. He and Mendel Rivers were Mr. MOTTL. Mr. Speaker, when the employer activity, but this authority is alike in that they were men of persistent Wagner Act was enacted in 1935 Con­ rarely used. Inequities have resulted from dedication to the good of our country. Both gress intended to grant workers the right this imbalance as demonstrated in the of them believed, as I do, that we must have to organize for their collective benefit, a military establishment second to none U: case of this company. our country is to remain free. They also be­ and, to secure this right, the discharge The discharged employees were forced lieved, as I do, that our nation and our peo­ of an employee for activities related to to wait over 2% years before even being ple have pledged long-term support to the organizing was made illegal. Such firings offered reinstatement and a considerably men and women in our armed services, and remain illegal under the law, but thou­ longer period before receiving the com­ that support includes protection of their sands of employees continue to be ille­ pensation owed them due to their illegal retiremen•t benefits which should not be gally dismissed each year. The problem firings. eroded. is that the law provides remedies which Requiring the Board to seek a pre­ I propose to touch bl'ie:fly on matters in are too slow in application and too weak liminary injunction in the cases of il­ which you and our House Committee have to successfully protect the worker once common interest, but :first let me say why legal discharges during an initial orga­ I think your award this year to Melvin Price they are finally levied against an em­ nizing campaign--or refusal to bargain is especially appropriate. ployer. after an expedited election-would pro­ You may know that he is the first Con­ The employees of a company in Cleve­ vide protection from blatant attempts gressman to head our committee after hav­ land learned this lesson when in Feb­ to deny workers their rights to associate ing had military service of his own. Even ruary 1971, they became interested in and organize. This is why it is incum­ more significant, I suggest, is that he came union representation and initiated an bent upon this Congress to pass a com­ to the Congress directly from the army, that organizing campaign. prehensive reform of our national labor he was a non-coininissloned omcer when he Within months, the company had dis­ laws. was elected, and he must be one of the few charged workers for their efforts to orga­ corporals ever promoted to sergeant because nize fellow employees. he had been elected to the Congress. Mel Price today is a distinguished Con­ A lady worked as a punch operator and NCOA CONVENTION gressman, but before he came to Washington in various other capacities for the com­ he was a sports writer. When he entered the pany for 2 years. She signed an author­ HON. MENDEL J. DAVIS Anny in World War II, he even arranged ization card, joined the picketing of the to have his reporting date delayed untll he company, and met with company repre­ OF SOUTH CAROLINA could watch his beloved St. Louts Cardinals sentatives in an attempt to settle the is­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES play in the World Series. He had also been an elected omctal-he was only 24 when he won sues which prompted the strike. Wednesday, July 27, 1977 a seat on the County Board of Supervisors In July. her physician gave her a slip Mr. DAVIS. Mr. Speaker, On June 30 in East St. Louts, Illinois. stating that she had a swollen hand and July l, 1977, I had the privilege of He gave up that position, as well as his which might have been caused by her being a guest of the Non-Commissioned sports writing, to serve from 1933 to 1943 as operating the punch press. He suggested Officers Association of the U.S.A.­ statr assistant to Congressman Edwin M. an alternative job. In spite of the fact NCOA-at its 16th Annual International Schaefer. That gave him 10 years of basic that she was experienced in a number of Convention, San Antonio, Tex. training for service in the House of Repre­ other jobs that the company was seeking sentatives. By the time election day came I was honored on June 30 as the key­ around in 1943, Corporal Mel Price was busy to fill through public notices, she was re­ note speaker for the NCOA annual counting. But he wasn't counting votes; he fused a job transfer and terminated. awards night. was counting crates of apples and other sup­ Two other girls were also employed as The following evening I had the pleas­ plies in the warehouse section of Camp Lee, packers by the company and both had ure of hearing our colleague, "CHICK" Virginia. worked for over 2 years. Both signed un­ KAzEN, address the convention assembly The next afternoon, Corporal Price was ion authorization cards. Although nei­ in behalf of Chairman MELVIN PRICE of told to report to camp headquarters to take ther had previously received verbal or the Armed Services Committee whom a telephone call. When he :finished the call, written reprimands regarding attend­ the NCOA honored with its anual "L. a colonel asked him "What was the news?" ance or performance, they were dis­ Mendel Rivers Award for Legislative And the corporal replied "I've been elected charged for absenteeism. Three or four to Congress." Action.'' That colonel was not unimpressed. He days prior to the discharges, one of the Regretfully, the chairman could not said "Maybe the general would like to see girls was warned by a lower echelon be there, but the gentleman from Texas you; do you mind 1f I call him?" and Mel supervisor that she was being set up to did a magnificent job of "telling it like Price recalls that he answered "No, sir." The be fired. That supervisor testified that it is" within the committee. In fact, he colonel went into another omce, called the he was told that the setup was initiated did such a great job, the association's general, and came out to tell the corporal because she was involved in union president awarded him a special plaque. that General Harkins would like to see him activity. right away. I commend "CHICK'S" remarks to the "I'll walk up to headquarters," said the But this was only the beginning of Members of Congress. Hopefully they In corporal, and the colonel's answer was "No, the company's illegal activities. July will be as well received by my colleagues we have a statr car out there." So Corporal and October of 1972, the Board found as they were by the noncommissioned Price reported to the general, tried to pop a that these employees and four others and petty officers assembled at the NCOA good salute only to have the general hurry had been discharged in violation of the convention: over to shake hands, and then say "I see you are a corporal." Mel Price had a good answer. National Labor Relations Act, and or­ REJ4ARKs OF CONGRESSMAN ABRAHAM dered them reinstated. The company ap­ KAzEN, JR. He said "Yes, sir.'' So General Harkins said pealed. On December 21, 1973, nearly 2% "Make him a sergeant, that will be the pol­ I am pleased and honored to be with you icy here. Anybody elected to Congress will years after the initial discharges, the tonight--pleased that your organization court found the Board's decision correct holds its annual convention and is based in automatically be promoted one grade.'' and ordered it to be enforced. The com­ San Antonio, for which I share representa­ I don't think any of you would be surprised pany then refused to reinstate two of tion in the Congress, and honored that I am to know that General Harkins and Mel Price the employees for nearly 2 years and here to represent a great Amerlca.n.. the remained friends for years. Friends have al- 25326 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1977 ways been important to Mel Price, as have Texas member, and Mendel Rivers, once Yet to save a relatively small amount by his Illinois constituents and those of us who again, would have been proud of him as I am. the measurements of the Federal budget serve with him in the Congress. I came to I could not be here when he spoke to your figures, there were those who said we ought the Armed Services Committee after 8 years convention, but I am certain that he made to cut out the commissary support funding, of service on the Foreign Affairs Committee, clear that he and I stand together in recogni­ thus showing no regard for the promise made just as he became chairman, succeeding a tion of the importance of manpower in our to those in uniform or in retirement. man you've previously honored, another out­ military establishment. We need the best pas­ There has been talk, as you know, of standing American who served his country sible equipment, of course, but it can be lim­ changing the retirement system, and indeed well, Hon. Eddie Hebert of Louisiana. I can ited in its use if we don't have dedicated Chairman Nichols has said that he would tell you it's a real joy to serve with Chair­ and diligent men and women trained to hold hearings on this matter in the near man Price, one of the most diligent, deci-:ive use it. future, but I would hope that even the most and dedicated men it's been my pleasure to Since the first days of our Nation's history, eager advocates would make changes af­ know. when those brave continental soldiers faced fecting newcomers to service, and not those There comes to mind a line about Sam the British, we have relied on personnel who already in uniform. Rayburn, a Texan who was one of the great combined intelligence, energy and bravery. Medical care is another concern, and some leaders in the history of the House. Some­ Wea.pons have changed. Tactics have ad­ retirees have criticized changes, but to main­ one once asked Mister Sam how many Presi­ vanced, materiel has become more sophisti­ tain health care, our Armed Services Com­ dents he had served under, and his answer cated. But our manpower remains the essen­ mittee successfully led an effort to continue was "I've served with eight-under none." tial key to the defense that can maintain the military's University of the Health Sci­ I'm sure everyone of you, at some time, has our freedom. ences, even after the budget planners per­ been asked how many C-Os you've served The Congress has been in session this week, suaded the Department of Defense to cancel under, and perhaps you've silently counted as you know, so I am not completely current that important training program. how many you served with. There is a differ­ on actions of your convention, but I am sure I know all of you are concerned with the ence, of course, and that's why I am proud that I can report on some of the matters that all-volunteer force concept. In brief, we in to serve with Chairman Mel Price. have concerned you before I read your resolu­ the Congress share that concern. We have I'd like to offer another footnote to his­ tions-and for those of you who have for­ some Members of the Congress who are al­ tory that came to mind as I thought about saken the marvelous attractions of San An­ ready convinced that it isn't working, and your L. Mendel Rivers award. tonio to work on resolutions, I am one Con­ many more of us who recognize that ques­ gressman who will consider them carefully. tions must be answered. We know, of course, Some of you may have attended sessions of we hear increasing talk of labor unions in that as the economy improves, there's more the Armed Services Committee--certainly the Armed Forces, and I share the view that competition for the young men and women your legislative committee Chairman Mack your organization expressed last year that the services need, and we've seen, in the ac­ McKinney is there often-but you may not unions are out of place in the military. I tive forces, the Reserve and the Guard that know the history of one decoration in that respect and applaud what some of them have room. It's a plaque that faces each witness there a.re pressures to take more class D peo­ done for the civilian employees of the De­ ple, those in the lower bracket of com­ who appears before our committee, and it fense Department, but I do not believe they quotes article I, section 8 of our Nation's petence. should cross the line into the uniformed The Guard, for example, is 45,000 men Constitution. services. I am also a.ware that there are those short right now-that's an alarming 10 per It says "The Congress shall have the power who say that unions provide the only way to cent of personnel. In the total force con­ to raise and support armies, provision and protect against the erosion of benefits. I cept, it's a major problem. maintain a Navy, make rules for the Govern­ believe that benefits are being scrutinized we·re watching all the factors-the de­ ment and regulation of the land and Naval increasingly, but I want you to know that cline in population in the teen-age levels, forces." you people have friends in Washington as the question of how much educational help I believe it would be interesting to recall well as critics. we need to assist those in uniform or those how that plaque came to be there. Chairman I was pleased last year to lead the fight to who want to continue their education after Mendel Rivers, in whose honor you have continue financial support for the com­ their service, the ever-increasing costs of named yo-ur legislator award, was not a man missaries, just as I have fought this week recruiting and retaining personnel, and other who was awed by others of high rank. One against restrictions on retired military per­ factors that might be called grim. day, early in his service, a former Secretary sonnel qualifying for civil service jobs. On What might be called the other end of of Defense, was somewhat less co-operative both matters, I saw the issue as very simple: the cycle is our concern a.bout the deserters with the committee than Chairman Rivers The government, and therefore the Ameri­ and draft evaders for whom the President has thought proper. He did not rebuke the Secre­ can people, made a contractual arrangement proposed amnesty. I recognize that the Presi­ tary, but during one lunch hour recess he had with you people and we have no right to dent, as Commander in Chief, or the Secre­ that quotation from the Constitution put in chip away at it, let alone tear up that tary of Defense as his agent, possesses the place. When the Secretary came back to the contract. legal authority to determine what class of witness stand that afternoon, Mendel Rivers' There are other important reasons for my discharge a veteran might get. But if dis­ first quiet question was: "Mr. Secretary, can view. I say that pensions, and job rights and honorable or general discharges are upgraded you read?" The Secretary was surprised, but medical care and commissary access a.re de­ to honorable, a question then arises as to he answered "yes-sure." So Chairman Rivers f erred earned benefits, and I also say that whether these men a.re entitled to the same said "Mr. Secretary, will you please read that our taxpayers should get the greatest pos­ privileges which other veterans earned when quotation facing you?" sible return for their tax dollars by utilizing they served honorably and well. I wasn't there at the time, but I'm told the the competence, experience and skill which Should they, for example, get the same GI Secretary got the point, and the message has military service often provides and which educational benefits that now cost the tax­ gotten through to other witnesses ever since. produces some of the best quaifl.ed men and payers $13,000 per eligible veteran? Should Mendel Rivers respected his responsibility. So women for civil service jobs. they get VA medical care? I would think does Mel Price. That sets a great example for I think you'll want to know that we in not. Ours is a forgiving Nation and it may the rest of us on the committee. the Congress, and especially in our commit­ be that we should forgive, but I am not pre­ One of the most valuable members of the tee, work hard to keep up with your concerns. pared to reward those who turned their backs committee at present is Congressman Mendel When General George C. Brown, Chairman on their country. Davis of South Carolina, whom you have al­ of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, appeared before For that reason, when the House debated ready heard address your convention. He is, our committee, he gave a factual report providing funds for continuation of the Vet­ as you know, a former employee, and the god­ showing that mmtary pay raises have not erans' Administration programs, I strongly son of Mendel Rivers, whose seat he suc­ kept pace with the cost of living. He supported an amendment which declared ceeded in Congress, and believe me, he said 20 per cent of the Army's enlisted mem­ that no funds should go to individuals whose carries on the same determination and dedi­ bers work at second jobs, and 50 per cent of discharges were upgraded by the President's cation to a strong military force that Chair­ their wives have to work. special discharge program. I spoke during man Rivers represented. Another evidence of the economic pres­ the floor debate, after someone said we ought Earlier this week, Mendel Davis and I sat sures on the military: When we were fighting to forgive slight transgressions. I said that together in a Congressional Conference Com­ to continue the commissary system as it ex­ failure to serve honorably was more than a mittee working toward agreement between ists-and as recruiters were telling enlistees mild transgression, and I did not propose to the House and the Senate on the mmtary that it was a service benefit--! asked the reward such action. construction bill. I mean it as praise when I Department of Defense to determine how That amendment passed the House by a sa.y that Mendel Davis was a feisty, vigorous widely food stamps were being used in com­ vote of 273 to 136-and some of those who advocate of our House views of what should missaries. They came back with an astound­ voted "no" a.greed with the purpose of the be in the bill this year. I want to note espe­ ing figure-almost $20 million a year. I took action but wanted to await the hearings cially how helpful he was in our effort to in­ that to mean that many enlisted men in the being held by our Veterans' Affairs Com­ clude $10 million for repairs at Brooke Gen­ lower pay grades and many retirees had been mittee. eral Hospital at Fort Sam Houston. He compelled, by economic pressure, to apply I also feel I should tell you that strong couldn't have worked harder if he'd been a for and use food stamps. as I am in support of our defense establish- July 27, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25327 ment--a sentiment shared by Chairman adoption information center. These steps I congratulate Catholic Charities for its Price, Mendel Davis, and ;most members of would emphasize the need for efforts to concern and for having the moral will to put our Armed Services Committee-these are actively recruit potential adoptive par­ that concern into action. not unanimous opinions in the Congress. As Chairman of the Foreign Operations Each of you here tonight, as you head back ents, as well as develop a more unified Committee of the Appropriations Commit­ to your homes or your military stations, national adoption network. tee of the House, I have seen first-hand the should be aware that you can help carry on Further, children who enter foster care courage of the Catholic Church in fighting the work of your-organization. are too often inappropriately placed in for justice. Catholic clergy from countries Keep up to date on legislation in the institutions when their needs could bet­ where repression rules have testifled without Congress. Read your organization newspaper, ter be met in less restrictive settings. The thought of their own danger, before my Com­ the Vanguard, other mmtary-oriented pub­ title IV amendments recognize the need mittee about the atrocities they have seen lications, your newspapers, and when you for different types of foster care place­ and suffered. The Francis X. Gallagher Cen­ spot an issue on which you feel strongly, ter is in the long Catholic tradition of al­ write your Congressman and your Senators. ment types to provide a broad range of truistic and charitable work. Believe me, a personal expression from a services for the needs of the children in I congratulate all those who were instru­ constituent is well worth his time and effort, foster care. mental in bringing this project to fruition, and it helps affect votes. I might add that The public assistance amendments especially Mr. Smith and Mr. Monohan who you ought to pick your targets-if a member would also recognize that family reuni­ worked very hard, and the Trinitarian Fa­ is already on your side, he doesn't need con­ fication services be made available to thers who will make the Center a success. vincing. Just let him know that you support children receiving foster care and their him. But if you know your Congressman is families. I fully agree that more aggres­ undecided or on the other side, let him know sive efforts, such as this, be made to try what you think. TRIBUTE TO DR. HELEN KELLEY I've talked long enough. I was told early and reunite these children and their in my political career to never compete with families. a preacher-and I don't plan to talk till In summary, I view these preventive church time tomorrow morning. I think service programs as valuable, timely, and Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke there's another truth, too-never compete enormously vital to our total program of OF CALIFORNIA with a dance band. Federal assistance legislation. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES So let me conclude by thanking you for your attention and for the opportunity to Wednesday,. July 27, 1977 appear here to accept your honor for Chair­ Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. Speak­ man Mel Price. He told me to convey his er, it is with pride and a sense of rever­ regrets at his inab111ty to personally be pres­ OPENING OF CENTER ent to receive this honor which you have ence that I pay tribute today to Dr. bestowed upon him. But I am pleased he HON. CLARENCE D. LONG Helen Kelley upon her retirement as chose me to stand in for him. And as a citi­ president of the Immaculate Heart Col­ zen, my thanks to each of you for your time OF MARYLAND lege in Los Angeles. and effort which have helped build greater IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Under her leadership, a responsiveness strength into the Non-commissioned Officers Wednesday, July 27, 1977 to contemporary needs and values has Association of America. been built into the program of Im­ Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, maculate Heart College. It has joined in on July 24 I had the opportunity to speak the intellectual progress by offering fa­ at the opening of the Francis X. Galla­ cilities and acceptance to those who are PUBLIC ASSISTANCE AMENDMENTS: gher Center in Pikesville, Md. The text groping for honest reactions to social H.R. 7200 of the address follows: pressure they do not understand and, THE HONORABLE CLARENCE D. LoNG AT THE often times, with which they are unable OPENING OF THE FRANCIS X. GALLAGHER to cope. HON. CARL D. PURSELL CENTER OF MICHIGAN To insure further relevance, Dr. Kelley I welcome Archbishop Borders, Senator was the guiding force in the enlarge­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Sarbanes, Harold Smith and Margaret Mohler ment of the board of trustees to include Wednesday, July 27, 1977 from Associated Catholic Charities, County Executive Venetoulis, Mayor Schaeffer, Mr. a majority of lay members. These lay Mr. PURSELL. Mr. Speaker, I would Goldstein, Mr. Lucas and Mr. Monohan from members have added a vitality and like to reiterate my support for federally the State of Maryland. and especially Mary strength that is reflected in the programs funded preventive service programs Gallagher and the Gallagher family, who of the college. which can reduce the need for foster care, have a right to be very proud on this But further, through the turbulence of ocoa.sion. the 1960's, Dr. Kelley stood out as a sen­ as was contained in the public assistance I am honored to speak at the dedication of amendments, H.R. 7200. this center. honored because of my friend­ sitive but fearless pillar of common sense Although I voted "no" on the passage ship with Frank Gallagher and honored be­ to which we all are indebted. It was her of H.R. 7200 for reasons of principle on cause of the philosophy that the center em­ leadership and spiritual strength that two minor accounts, I indeed erred by bodies. I can think of no greater cause than brought the Sisters of the Immaculate voting against a very meritorious bill. I to help handicapoed children who might Heart Community through a period of recognize and strongly support provisions otherwise be institutionalized and make it growth that has been an inspiration to in the measure which deal with the child possible for them to share in the full life of men and women the world over. the larger comm11nity. Her intellectual honesty and steadfast welfare services program, aid to families Retarded persons have long been among with dependent children, and those the most discriminated against individuals commitment to human dignity stands as which provide protective measures for in our society. They depend on someone else a monument in her honor. And none of foster care children removed from their speaking up for them. All too often, no one us who know her can forget that she also homes for long-term placement. has. has a joyous sense of humor coupled with The adoption provisions of the AFDC In the last Congress we passed legislation an instinctive sense of charity. program are by far one of the most im­ that set the goal of providing full, free pub­ She will be remembered not only as a portant components of the total Federal lic education to all handicapped individuals leader of American educational adminis­ by 1980. In the past year 1,350,000 retarded tration but also as a leader in the human welfare program. Under H.R. 7200, States children were served under this act, but 150,- will be allowed to use Federal AFDC 000 still remain to be included in these pro­ rights movement in the United States. matching funds to provide foster care grams. The Congress aporopriated $315,- But more important for many of us, she for children in public institutions or 000,000 to carry out the Education for All will stand out as our model for truth, group homes. On the whole, passage of Handicapped Children Act in 1977, and we strength, and humility. H.R. 7200 has evidenced the prospective hope to increase this commitment signifi­ I salute Dr. Helen Kelley upon the oc­ worth in meeting the financial crisis of cantly in the comir.g year. casion of her retirement and extend to Legislation is also pending that would al­ those less fortunate. low the parents of handicapped children to her my best wishes and full cooperation I am particularly supportive of the deduct educational expenses that go beyond in whatever endeavor she is presently clause which directs the Secretary of those provided in the Handicapped Children considering. Whatever it is, we can all be HEW to take steps to provide for the Act from their taxes, I wholeheartedly sup­ sure that Dr. Kelley will continue to establishment of a national and regional port such legislation. strengthen human dignity for all. 25328 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1977 THE FARM BILLS According to projections by the Con­ less otrenslve "6 per cent underlying rate" the gressional Budget Office and the Con­ Carter adminlstratlon usually publlclzes. gressional Research Service, a compari­ Schultze hopes and promises that lnflatlon HON. RICHARD NOLAN wlll subside ln the second half, with less son of H.R. 7171-as amended, and pressure from food and fuel prices. But ln OF MINNESOTA which the administration supports-and contrast to the stated adminlstratlon goal of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES s. 275 reveals little difference between a 4 per cent rate by the end of 1979, lts own Wednesday, July 27, 1977 the two bills for the 1978-81 crop years. recent forecasts and projections of consumer The following table tells the story: inflation, December over December, go llke Mr. NOLAN. Mr. Speaker, the Carter thls: administration has repeatedly attacked Percent Average1 Averaa:e' Totals Averaget the target prices and loan levels pre­ 1977 ------6.9 scribed in S. 275, the Senate farm bill. 1978 ------6.1 Fiscal years 1979--82 1979 ------5.7 The price supports in the Senate bill, ad­ (estimated): ministration economists· claim, will be H.R. 717L •....•.. 2.2 2.0 4.2 0.8 A thoughtful report just issued by the highly inflationary for consumers and s. 275 •..•••....••. 3.4 2. 1 5. 5 1.1 Congressional Budget omce, titled "Recov­ will jeopardize attempts to balance the ery wlth Inflation," is pesslmlstlc. It says that the persistence of high inflation ln a lack­ budget. Both assertions are false. 1 Average annual direct payments (billions of current dollars). 1 Average annual net CCC lending (wheat, feedgrains, cotton, luster economy remains a "puzzle." The Carter administration neverthe­ Both the CBO and Northwestern's Gordon less is counting on a drop in farm prices ricae~otal budget outlay (average annual outlay for direct pay­ remind us lt ls still theoretically possible to ments and CCC lending). to help cool inflation in the coming t Average percentage of Federal budget outlays. apply a crunch-the "old-tline rellglon"­ months. The President's economic ad­ and squeeze prices down 1 or 2 percentage visers apparently have had the common­ As the table reveals, S. 275 is projected points. sense book-learned right out of their to cost $~.3 billion more annually than But the cost would be a jobless rate even heads. They fail to note some obvious H.R. 7171, which will raise Federal higher than the present 7.1 per cent level, a more severe recession, and a worsening of the facts. budget outlays by 0.3 percent, from 0.8 problems of the cltles, so well 1llustrated by According tot.he Department of Agri­ percent to 1.1 percent. The total budget last week's blackout riots ln New York Clty. culture's "market basket" figures, be­ outlay for target payments and loans is What then? The CBO mentions and dis­ tween 1974 and May 1977 the retail cost so miniscule-and the outlay for loans cards (too quickly) general wage-price con­ of food cl!mbed 16 points, but the farm is a recoverable item-that the Carter trols, lnterventlons in speclflc markets, and value of food registered a modest in­ administration's stubborn opposition to tax incentives as hopes for quick cures. crease of 2.2 points. By contrast, process­ s. 275 defies rational explanation. Gar Alperovltz, a non-establishment econ­ omist who runs the Exploratory Project for ing and marketing costs skyrocketed 24:.9 Clearly, S. 275 will not bust the budget, Economic Alternatives, has proposed a p!an points. During this period, the farm value but the administration's desired meager that deserves conslderatlon: It would tackle of food in the market basket declined budget outlay for target and loan pro­ inflation in the areas where' it hlts hardest at from 43 percent to 39 percent. The Carter grams may bust agric:llture. consumers-food, energy, health and housing. economists ignore the fact that the non­ Actually, the administration's whole These necessltles account for 70 per cent of farm share of the food dollar is the real program to balance the budget appears the average family budget, a fact to which inflationary culprit. Blaming farmers for to be misguided and ineffective. In the President Carter alluded ln hls first and only rising food costs therefore represents following article, published in the Wash­ fireside chat. Alperovltz ls looking for radical solutions, either the height of ignorance or a will­ ington Post on July 24, 1977, Hobart not an extension of present food, rent, and ful attempt to make farmers the shock Rowen casts grave doubts upon President Medicare subsldles that merely increase de­ absorber for inflation. Carter's ability to cut inflation to 4 per­ mand and add to inflationary pressures. President Carter still threatens to veto cent by 1980. Moreover, he argues, most exlstlng subsi­ the Senate farm bill, claiming that it Little wonder that the administra­ dies-food stamps, housing, welfare-are will strain the budget too much. This tion's anti-inflation program is failing. alined at poor people and "allenate working charge, however, is without foundation. The "high poohbahs of conventional w!s­ people and the middle class." doms," who dominate the Economic One facet of Alperovltz• plan-which will The target prices and loan levels in the cause cardiac reactions in the estate indus­ Senate farm bill represent only 0.8 per­ Council and OMB, have decided to curb try, the banking community and at the cent of the Federal budget outlays for inflation by sacrificing agricultural com­ Federal Reserve Board-calls !or unllmlted fiscal 1978 and an average 1.1 percent modity programs. The budget cannot be publlc ownership of land. And lt would re­ annually between fiscal 1979-82. The balanced by trying to squeeze blood out quire the Fed to reallocate credit for low­ total budget outlays for direct payments of a turnip. As Mr. Rowen's article sug­ and moderate-income housing (and mass and CCC loans under S. 275 are sub­ gests, conventional economic theory is transit). stantially lower than the same outlays bankrupt. On food, Alperovitz would follow the Canadian system of setting low consumer for the fiscal 1966-70 and the fiscal 1971- The article follows: prices and supplementing production costs 74 periods. A GRIM INFLATION OUTLOOK by direct payments to farmers. Antitrust Although the sudden-and brief­ Evidence ls plllng up that the outlook !or pollcles and support for smaller farme· <; and widening of exPOrt markets between 1972 lower rates of . lnfla.tlon "ls rather grlm." co-ops would replace tax and other alds to and 1974 raised market prices and re­ President Carter's goal of cutting the rate to agrlbuslness. duced farm program costs, the budget 4 per cent by the end of 1979 looks hopeless These are indeed radical approaches. But outlays during the preceding periods in the absence of any real adinlnlstration if "the slow unwinding of lnflatlon ... ls cannot be ignored because the export anti-inflation plan. probably the best that can be expected over The phrase "rather grlm" belongs to North­ the next few years," as the CBO says, it may market has never been sustained. From western Unlverslty Prof. Robert J. Gordon in be tline to seriously consider something more a. more accurate, historical perspective, a recent Brookings paper. But almost every­ daring. the target prices and loan levels in S. 275 one else ls jumping on the bandwagon. The only alternative-and it may be the require lower budget outlays than those Intellectual opposites such as monetarist right one-is to go back to a system of full previously authorized during periods Mllton Friedman and Keynesian Arthur M. wage-price controls. We are never going to when the market prices for farm prod­ Okun see inflation llngering for years. Fried­ cure infiatlon untll some llmltatlon on the ucts were falling. man, in a new book, talks of "decades" of discretionary power of business and labor to simultaneously rlslng lnflatlon and unem­ raise prices and wages becomes polltlca.lly As of July 21, 1977, administration rep­ ployment. acceptable. resentatives indicated that President "The truth of the matter is that we just Carter will not veto H.R. 7171, the House don't know how to control lnfiatlon," said a farm bill which now includes increased U.S. omctal at the conclusion of the London price supports for the 1977 wheat and summit. PERSONAL EXPLANATION corn crops. At the same time, the Presi­ In its statements for the record, the Carter dent claims he will veto any increase in adminlstratlon has to keep up a more hope­ HON. MARTHA KEYS price supports beyand the levels pre­ ful facade. But testimony last week by Eco­ nomic Councll Chairman Charles L. Schultze OF KANSAS scribed in H.R. 7171 for the 1978-81 was the first formal adinisslon that we have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES crop years. The administration's rhetoric had double-dlglt infiatlon (11 per cent on implies that the Senate farm bill is a the wholesale index and 10 per cent on the Wednesday, July 27, 1977 wildly inflationary, budget-busting consumer index) !or the first four months Mrs. KEYS. Mr. Speaker. on Tuesday, measure. The facts indicate otherwise. this year. This is more worrisome than the July 26, 1977, I was unavoidably absent July 27, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25329 from the House for rollcall No. 457, a seeking to obtain abortions, it may be pre­ NoTEs: Percents may not add to 100 be­ preferential motion offered by Mr. sumed, were among the 50,000 New York City cause of rounding. Table does not include MITCHELL of Maryland to H.R. 7932, women estimated to have obtained clandes­ seven abortion attempts where it is unknown tine abortions annually in the preliberaztlon if it was a first or later attempt. making appropriations for the legislative years.• Abortion-related mortality in those branch for the fiscal year 1978. Had I years was very high-about 25 deaths annu­ Since no nulliparous single women were been present, I would have voted "yea." ally-all attributable to clandestine proce­ included in our sample, the information we dures.5 By 1974, illegal abortion mortality had have on the premarital nulliparous period is been wiped out--and there was only one neither representative of fecundable nulU­ death associated with legal abortlon.e On the para nor contemporaneous with the inter­ THE INJUSTICE OF THE HYDE basis of survey data collected in the mid- views. Responses about premarital abortion AMENDMENT 1960s, we will describe in this article some attempts, therefore, are more subject to re­ of the facts about clandestine abortion be­ call error than attempts made closer to the fore the law was changed. interview date. we doubt, however, that This investigation ls part of a project these factors could entirely explain the pat­ HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL tern of reported incidence in this popula­ OF NEW YORK initiated in 1965 by the Planned Parenthood Federation of America in collaboration with tion, which contrasts strongly with that of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESEN:r:ATIVES its affiliates in New York City. Interviews women who have obtained legal abortions in the United States since 1970--the over­ Wednesday, July 27, 1977 were conducted in 1965 and 1967 by the New York office of the National Opinion Research whelming majority of whom are unmarried.& Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, Mem­ Center with a panel of married women and Table 1 shows the number of living chil­ bers of the House of Representatives will single parous women ( 18-38 yea.rs old at the dren that respondents reporting one or more be given another chance next week to time of the base-line interviews) from ran­ abortion attempts had at the time they tried voice their concern over the outright domly selected households in four New York to terminate the pregnancy. It is clear that banning of federally funded abortions. City areas, containing about 70,000 residents at both the first and second attempts most each; a supplementary ~ample from a fifth of the women had two or fewer children, and It is my sincere hope that the House will area was interviewed once in 1967.7 One or even at the third attempt, a large majority take this opportunity to reconsider its more interviews were conducted with a little still had three or fewer. Less than a quarter previous endorsement of the Hyde over 1,000 women, 889 of whom were included of th~m had no children at the time they amendment which will deny thousands in this study. Items e-0ncerned with abor­ first tried to end a pregnancy, and none were of poor women the same rights to a safe, tion were included in all questionnaires. In nulliparous when second or third attempts legal abortion as are had by the middle­ the initial interviews-1.e., the ones con­ to end pregnancy were made. class and wealthy women of America. ducted in 1965 with the panel and in 1967 Subject to the cautions noted above, these with the supplementary sample-a thorough findings indicate that induced abortion in The enactment of the Hyde amend­ reproductive history was obtained. For each poverty neighborhoods of New York City in ment will force poor women to once pregnancy a question was asked (among the 1960s was predominantly used to stop again have illegal or self-induced abor­ others) about its outcome: whether it was pregnancies that came at an inappropriate tions. The following article, published 1n a live birth, miscarriage, abortion done in a time or from a union that was unsatisfac­ the MayI June 1976 issue of Family hospital, or abortion done elsewhere. In the tory, rather than to avoid a premarital preg­ Planning Perspectives examines how the second interview with the panel there were nancy or to terminate childbearing after two poor women in New York City dealt with similar questions, intended to update the or three children had been born. reproductive history for the 1965-1967 in­ THOSE WHO PERFORM ABORTIONS AND THE unwanted pregnancies before abortion terim. Quite late in the 1967 interviews, for It METHODS USED was legal. presents a picture of a situa­ both the panel and the supplementary sam­ The success of an abortion attempt and tion to which we dare not return: ple, there was a series of questions dealing the risk of complications are both closely THE BAD OLD DAYS: CLANDESTINE ABORTIONS with knowledge about ways to abort, per­ associated with the skill of the person in­ AMONG THE POOR IN NEW YORK CITY BE­ sonc: who could perform an abortion, the volved and the techniques utilized. Only 16 FORE LmERALIZATION OF THE .ABORTION LAW abortion experience of friends, relatives and percent of all respondents said that they (By Steven Polgar and Ellen S. Fried •) acquaintances, and, finally, the details of the knew of a specific person who might help to respondent's own abortion experience. Although the incidence of lllegal abortion terminate a pregnancy. Forty-three percent in the United States has been vastly reduced ABORTION ATTEMPTS of these women (seven percent of the total) since the Supreme Court's 1973 decisions A total of 74 women, 8.3 percent of the said that the person they had in mind was overturning restrictive state abortion laws, 889 in the sample, said that they had at­ "just an ordinary woman" (i.e., a person some women continue to obtain-and die as tempted to abort one or more pregnancies; without any specialized medical training). the result of--clandestine abortions, self­ of these, 31 (3.5 percent of the sample) re­ Only 23 percent (four percent of the total) induced or performed by nonmedtcal opera­ ported that the attempt had been success­ said that the person was a physician. Sixteen tors. What is more, virtually all of the women ful. A total of 338 respondents, 38 percent percent of those who reported knowing of who have died from illegal abortions since of the sample, said that one of their friends, someone other than a physician (two per­ the Supreme Court decisions have been poor relatives or acquaintances had attempted to cent of all respondents) said that they knew and members of minority groups-80 percent abort one or more pregnancies. of people who would perform abortions for of them were nonwhites.1 A high-powered na­ Th.) responses indicate that in the popula­ money, but did not indicate whether these tional campaign is under way to amend the tion studied, abortions were most often at­ persons had any specialized training. These Constitution and make abortion a criminal tempted in the middle of the childbearing findings confirm the common presumption o1fense-turning the clock back to the days period rather than before marriage or after that during the 1960s, women living in pov­ before liberalized abortion laws were passed two or more children had been born. Seven­ erty neighborhoods had very limited access in the late 1960s, and where it remains ty-six percent of the respondents were al­ to medically supervised abortions. stopped for mill1ons of women in countries ready married at the time they attempted to Eighty percent of the respondents who re­ where it is still impossible to obtain safe, provoke a first abortion. Of those who re­ ported actual abortion attempts said that legal abortions. Examination of the lllegal ported more than one attempt 89 percent they had tried to terminate the pregnancy abortion situation that obtained in New were married when the second abortion at­ them.selves with no help from any other per­ York City in the mid-1960s, before liberaliza­ tempt was made and 86 percent at the time son. Only two percent of the respondents who tion of New York's abortion law, is therefore of the third. This is consistent with data ob­ attempted an abortion said that a doctor had illustrative of what might be expected if tained from the office of the New York City been involved in any way. Regarding the at­ antiabortion groups win their battle to re­ medical examiner showing that over half the tempted abortions reported for the respond­ verse the Supreme Court decisions it is also women who died from the aftere1fects of ents' friends, relatives and acquaintances, six suggestive of what is being experienced cur­ abortion between 1953 and 1963 were cur- percent were said to have been performed by rently by women stm denied access to safe, rently married.a · doctors; 18 percent by "just ordinary legal abortions because of poverty and re­ TABLE 1.-Percent distribution of abortion women"; and 33 percent were said to have strictive local policies.: attempts, by number of respondents' liv­ been self-induced. (A possible explanation In the 1960s, prior to liberalization of New ing children at each attempt, New York for the large difference in the proportions of York State's restrictive abortion Law, an City, as reported in 1965 and 1967 self-induced abortion attempts reported by average of 400 legal ('therapeutic') abortions the respondents for them.selves and for their were performed each year. Poor and minor­ Abortion N Percent by No. of children friends, relatives and acq,uaintances, may ity-group women were Virtually precluded have to do with the degree to which the at­ from obtaining safe, legal procedures, the attempt 0 1 2 3 •4 Total tempt is part of public knowledge. If some­ overwhelming majority of which were ob­ 1st 74 23 31 23 13 9 100 one other than the pregnant woman is to be tained by White women in the private hos­ 2nd 33 0 34 30 18 18 100 involved, friends and relatives may well be pital services on psychiatric indications.3 3rd 12 0 34 8 50 8 100 called upon to recommend an abortionist. Most of the poor and minority-group women All attempts 119 17 38 28 22 14 100 By the same token, if the attempt is to be entirely self-induced, there may be little in­ Footnotes at end of article. *Greater than or equal to. centive to discuss it with others. Knowledge 25330 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1977 about methods for self-induced abortion is scribed in this study are quite similar to those expands after it is placed inside the uterus. probably obtained largely from women of an found in an investigation of folk abortion Eleven percent of the replies mentioned the older generation, who would not be a.s likely methods in California, (See: L. Newman, insertion of liquids-Le., some form of to discuss it in terms of their own attempts "Abortion as Folk Medicine,'' California's douche. a.sin more general terms.) Health, 23 : 75, 1965) . ) Whether harmful or Although the 889 respondents knew some­ As for the known methods that people not, the oral methods are generally ineffec­ thing about the abortion attempts of 338 could use themselves to end a pre!l:nancy, 74 tive as abortifacients. More effective, but friends, relatives and acquaintances, they percent of the 889 respondents replied that sometimes also dangerous, are techniques could report the method u~ed in only 214 they knew of one or more methods. When the involving the insertion of something solid (63 percent) of the cases. Where the method answers are classified by general type of into the uterus; these accounted for 19 per­ was known, uterine insertion (33 percent) method; 48 percent referred to a substance cent of the responses. In the majority of was the most common type, followed by sub­ to be ingested orally. Some of these sub­ these cases, the women specified the object stances that were swallowed (30 percent). stances are relatively harmless, like herbal to be inserted as "the tube." A few respond­ For the respondents themselves, methods tea. but others, such as turpentine, can be ents cited coat hangers and knitting needles, taken by mouth were the most commonly quite da.ngerous. (The different methods de- as well as a piece of bark, which, they said, reported.

TABLE 2.-REPORTED ABORTION ATTEMPTS AMONG RESPONDENTS AND THEIR FRIENDS, RELATIVES, AND ACQUAINTANCES, BY METHOD AND OUTCOME, NtW YORK CITY, AS REPORTED IN 1965 AND 1967

Outcome Outcome Friends, ralatives, and Friends, relatives, and Survey respondents acquaintances Survey respondents acquaintances Number Number Number Number of Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent Method attempts successful attempts 1 successful Deaths Method attempts successful attempts 1 successful Deaths

Oral intake alone. ______40 23 60 55 1 "Accidents" and exertion ______2 0 0 0 Douche (soao, Lysol, other) ______16 69 26 85 0 Injections ___ ------2 50 18 72 0 Tube throuRh cervix __ ------8 75 58 90 1 Combinations 2 ______------49 22 ------135------74------4 Other uterine insertion ______4 100 7 86 4 Miscellaneous and unknown ______1 0 0 0 ------0- 12 92 1 ~rhs~~-~~~~ ~::::: ======:: :::: == 4 4 75 0 TotaL ___ ------126 33 322 75 11

1 16 abortion attempts where the outcome was unknown are omitted from the table. respondents themselves, when the combinations are included, 59 pct of all attempts involved oral 2 Only 1 method was coded for reported attempts by friends, relatives and acquain!ances. For the intake and 34 pct of all attempts involved the swallowing of some dangerous substance. Forty-three of the 126 reported abortion were sufficiently numerous for detailed reported abortion attempts (No physicians attempts involved the swallowing of such po­ analysis of their responses ( 447 Blacks and actually performed any abortions. Their in­ tentially dangerous substances as Chlorox, 313 Puerto Rica.ns-85 percent of all volvement was limited to completing self­ turpentine or massive doses of quinine. respondents). induced abortions.) a.nd in six percent of Some of the women volunteered comments Reports of abortion attempts by women in those among their friends, relatives and ac­ such as "God, was I sick." Other things taken the respondents' social circles were somewhat quaintances. by mouth were ruda tea, gin and various more frequent among Blacks (44 percent) There was a. fairly large variety of methods pills. Insertion of objects through the cervix than Puerto Ricans (35 percent), but there known and used that were supposed to and into the uterus, used in 19 percent of all was no difference regarding their own at­ provoke an abortion. The largest proportion a.ttempts, ca.me next in frequency, followed tempts (10 percent and nine percent, of these were substances taken by mouth­ by douches, used in 11 percent (both tech­ respectively) . some of which, like turpentine, Chlorox and niques were used either singly or in combi­ When the Black and Puerto Rican respond­ massive doses of quinine, are quite danger­ nation with other methods). ents are classified separately by socioeco­ ous. The next largest group involved uterine In Table 2, the methods used by the re­ nomic status, slightly more abortion at­ insertions. Other types of methods like mas­ spondents themselves are compared to those tempts are reported for friends, relatives and sage and baths were quite rare. The popu­ reported for their friends, relatives and ac­ acquaintances, by those of higher status in larity of the oral route of administration quaintances.One-third of their own attempts both groups, but no difference is seen in the may be relevant to biomedical researchers were reported to be successful, compared to respondents' own attempts. However, Black who are developing new fertility regulating 75 percent of the attempts they reported at women raised outside the South reported methods a.nd a.re concerned about their ac­ second ha.nd. This difference is very likely somewhat more attempts both for themselves cepta.blllty. explained by the higher proba.b111ty that a and for their social circle than those raised FOOTNOTES successful abortion will be mentioned to in southern or border states. Among Catho­ • Steven Polga.r is Professor of Anthro­ others than will an unsuccessful attempt. lics, the more religious women report some­ pology at the University of North Carolina at The comparative success rates of the differ­ what fewer attempts, but the difference is Chapel Hill, and Project Director with the ent methods should be viewed with great small. Carolina Population Center. He is a member caution. The numbers are small, and we can­ All in all, there seems to have been little of the Expert Advisory Panel on Human Re­ not tell how complete and accurate the infor­ variation between the subgroups of women production of the World Health Organiza­ mation obtained in the interviews was on this living in poverty areas of New York City with tion. Ellen S. Fried, who recently acquired highly sensitive subject. In general, attempts resuect to clandestine abortions in the 1960s. her doctorate in sociology from the Univer­ where something was swallowed were less Factors relating to individual life circum­ sity of Chica.go, ls a member of Lollipop likely to succeed than attempts where some­ stances were presumably much more impor­ Power, Inc., publishers of nonsexist chil­ thing was inserted into the uterus. According tant than gross sociological categories in det­ dren's books. to the respondents, in 3.4 percent of the 322 ermining who would and would not attempt 1 abortion attempts reported for their social to terminate an unwanted pregnancy at a W. Cates, J., and R. W. Rochat, "Illegal circle where the outcome was known, the time when it was very difficult to obtain a Abortions in the United States: 1972-1974,'' person died in the attempt. This is a death­ therapeutic abortion. Family Planning Perspectives, 8:86, 1976. 2 E. Weinstock, C. Tietze, F. S. Jaffe and to-case rate more than 1,000 times the rate SUMMARY currently reported in the United States for J. G. Dryfoos, "Abortion Need and Services legal abortions.10 Although the number of In surveys of poverty neighborhoods in in the United States, 1974-1975,'' Family abortions in the denominator ls undoubtedly New York City conducted in 1965 and 1967, Planning Perspectives, 8:58, 1976. it became apparent that clandestine abor­ understated, and respondents would be more 3 C. L. Erhadt, C. Tietze and F. G. Nelson, .. likely to know of abortions where death en­ tions were more frequently reported as oc­ curring when the woman was married and "United States: Therapeutic Abortions in sued than of uneventful terminations, this New York City," Studies in Family Planning, proportion nevertheless suggests strongly had one to three children than before mar­ riage or after three children had already been Vol. l, No. 51, 1970, p. 8; E. M. Gold, C. L. how dangerous clandestine abortions can be. born. Erhadt, H. Jacobzine and F. G. Nelson, SUBGROUP DIFFERENCES Knowledge of persons who could induce "Therapeutic Abortions in New York City: The women included in the survey in­ an abortion was not very common among A 20-Year Review,'' American Journal of cluded Blacks, Puerto Ricans, West Indians, the women interviewed, and most of those Public Health, 55 :964, · 1965; and R. E. Hall, Ha.sidle Jews and other Whites, including who were known did not have any specialized "Therapeutic Abortion, Sterilization and representatives of various ethnic groups. medical training. Physicians were involved Contraception,'' American Journal of Ob­ Only Blacks and Puerto Ricans, however, in only two percent of the respondents' own stetrics and Gynecology, 91 :618, 1966. July 27, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25331 • C. Tietze, "Two Years' Experience with a drugs introduced after 1962 ls any higher My correspondence with Mr. Ganz and Liberal Abortion Law: Its Impact on Fer­ than that of drugs previously introduced. Mr. Schlesinger's office follows: tllity Trends in New York City," Family Plan­ The medical freedom of choice bill cine, 49:804, 1973. ECONOMIC & MANPOWER CORP., would not change the safety require­ New York, N.Y., May 20, 1977. u J. Pakter, D. O'Hare, M. Helpern and F. Nelson, "Impact of the Liberalized Abortion ments that the FDA is charged to en­ Hon. EDWARD I. KOCH, Law in New York City on Deaths Associated force. Rather, it would remove only the Federal Plaza, with Pregnancy: A Two-Year Experience," effectiveness provision from the law. I New York, N.Y. DEAR ED, the President's energy conserva­ Bulletin of the New York Academy1 of Medi­ hope that, in light of the facts outlined cine, 49 :804, 1973. above, the medical freedom of choice tion drive includes a program to reduce fuel 6 J. Parker, F. Nelson and M. Svlgir, "Legal bill can pass in this Congress so that consumption in future automobiles, now be­ Abortion: A Half-Decade of Experience," necessary drugs will be made available ing produced at the rate of 13-15 milUon per Family Planning Perspectives, 7:248, 1976, year. However, it is important to keep in Table 5. to people who need them immediately. mind that there are over 100 million vehicles 7 S. Polgar and F. Rothstein, "Family Plan­ currently operating in this country. It seems ning and Conjugal Roles in New York City to me therefore, that it is equally, if not Poverty Areas,'' Social Science and. Medicine, more important to reduce gas consumption 4:135, 1970, and S. Polgar and V. A. Hiday, A DISAPPOINTING RESPONSE FROM by motor vehicles now on the road. "The Effect of an Additional Birth on Low­ THE WHITE HOUSE ON ENERGY I understand that if proper carburetlon Income Urban Families,'' Popular Studies, CONSERVATION and ignition are efficiently maintained in a 28:463, 1974. vehicle, an estimated saving of 10-15 % in 8 S. Polgar and T. H. Shey, "A Review of gas usage can be achieved. A check-out of Abortion Deaths in New York City, 1953- these systems and their servicing need not 1963," 1964 (unpublished). HON. EDWARD I. KOCH be done more often than twice a year. 9 c. Tietze and M. C. Mursteln, "Induced OF NEW YORK A program for that purpose could include Abortion: 1975 Factbook," Reports on Popu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES such aspects as- lation/Family Planning, No. 14 (2nd ed.) 1. Mandatory servicing of carburetion and Dec. 1975. Wednesday, July 27, 1977 lgnltion systems twice a year. (Coupled with 10 Center for Disease Control, DHEW, AbOr­ Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, I recently safety inspection where required.) tion Surveillance, Annual Summary 1974, At­ 2. Cost to be shared by vehicle owners, 1 received an energy-saving proposal from lanta, 1976, Table 21, p. 35. and the government. the president of Economic & Manpower 3. Expenditure control can be effected by Corp., Samuel Ganz. He pointed out that, a voucher system from the government to while improved mileage standards for the auto service organization. (Gas station, MEDICAL FREEDOM OF CHOICE new cars are laudable, there are pres­ repair center, auto dealer, etc.) BILL ently 100 million cars on the roads which 4. Another possibllity is a tax credit to the will continue to operate for years and automobile owner, and possibly to the auto which offer an enormous potential source service organization, rather than cash pay­ ment. HON. JOHN J. RHODES for gasoline conservation. With the un­ 5. State inspection stations to do the OF ARIZONA derstanding that proper carburetion and checking with corrections by private auto IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ignition can result in a 10 to 15 percent service organizations. (Although I hate to Wednesday, July 27, 1977 savings in gasoline consumption, Mr. suggest more bureaucracy.) Ganz recommended a Federal program If the idea is of interest, I suggest gather­ Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker yesterday to encourage or require regular servicing ing a small informal group to discuss and I cosponsored the medical freedom of of carburetion and ignition systems. make recommendations. It could include choice bill. This legislation is designed Believing Mr. Ganz's suggestions to be · people from auto dealerships, gas stations, to limit the Federal Food and Drug Ad­ etc. from the union (Sam Myers) and energy worthy of serious consideration, I wrote and environment protection agencies. I will ministration's regulatory powers over the to the President's energy advisor, James be glad to participate. effectiveness of drugs. Schlesinger, with the thought that he Sincerely, The 1962 amendments to the Food, might be interested in assigning a staff SAMUEL GANZ, Drug, and Cosmetic Act expanded the assistant to work with Mr. Ganz, me, and President. regulatory powers of the Food and Drug other interested parties in formulating Administration to include the responsi­ some program and appropriate legisla­ JtJNE 16, 1977. bility for determining the effectiveness, tion based on Mr. Ganz's suggestions. JAMES R. ScHLESINGER, as well as the safety, of newly developed Assistant to the President, The White House, I regret that the response I received was Washington, D.C. drugs. somewhat disappointing. If the Presi­ DEAR MR. ScHLESINGER: I received the en­ Since the enactment of the 1962 dent is serious about conserving energy, closed letter, and I think it contains some amendments, the result has been that I fail to see how he can neglect the vast good ideas. If you are interested, would you new drugs have cost the American people majority of cars that are already on the be w1111ng to assign someone to work with more money and have been kept off the roads. Moreover, as Mr. Ganz also points me and Mr. Ganz in formulating legislation market for longer testing periods, thereby out, new cars quickly become old cars, embodying these ideas in some form? and they, too, require regular mainte­ Either way, please let me know. All the depriving people of effective medical best. treatment in some instances. The cost nance to continue to operate at maxi­ Sincerely, of developing new drugs under the effi­ mum fuel efficiency. In fact, the intro­ EDWARD I. KocH. cacy provision has risen drastically. The duction of sophisticated energy-saving Enclosure. average drug now takes from 7% to 15 devices and pollution-control equipment years of testing before it is placed on the required by law for new cars makes rou­ EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESI­ market. Of course, the increased cost tine maintenance even more important. DENT, ENERGY POLICY AND PLAN­ NING, that has resulted from this prolonged Anyone who has sat in bumper-to­ Washington, D.C., June 28, 1977. testing is passed on to the American con­ bumper traffic with their windows down Hon. EDWARD I. KOCH, sumer. This means that sick people who should support Mr. Ganz's proposals, House of Representatives, need these drugs are deprived of them having been asphyxiated by the clouds Washington, D.C. while they are tested for effectiveness-­ of unburned fumes billowing from the DEAR MR. KocH: Mr. Schlesinger has asked while at the same time some of the very tailpipes of the many poorly maintained me to respond to your letter of June 16, drugs are being used to treat illnesses in autos. While voluntary servicing makes concerning the proposals by Mr. Samuel Ganz other countries. economic sense for car owners, as the for energy conserva tlon by a program of If this delay and increased cost re­ response I received from the administra­ automobile maintenance. sulted in more effective drugs for use by tion correctly points out, the evidence all Mr. Ganz' suggestion of carburetlon and the American people then, perhaps, the around us is that most people are negli­ lgnltion inspections twice a. year is certainly worthwhile. A program encouraging volun­ delay before new drugs hit the market gent in this regard. It is time that the tary adoption of such routine maLntenance could be justified. However, this is not President's advisors emerge from their by the individual auto owner, at his own the case. The 1975 economic report of air-conditioned cars and smell for them­ expense, would be most desirable. In addition the President said: selves where the greatest fuel waste in to fuel conservation, it would be of eco­ It is not clear that the average efficacy of this country is. nomic benefit to the owner by the very fact 25332 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1977 that such maintenance would add to the agency. My only reaction as an ex-bureaucrat passive seat belt. Reliable era.sh data. still are life expectancy of his automobile. The pro­ is one of cynical disillusionment. sketchy on the one such device in genera.I use, posal !or joint government/individual-owner Thanks for your interest. on the Volkswagen Rabbit, which pulls a maintenance has several drawbacks, how­ With best wishes, strap across the passenger when he closes the ever. The most obvious one is that not all SAMUEL GANZ. car door and utilizes "knee bolsters" to pre­ Americans own automobiles, and some own vent his sliding under the strap in a crash. more than one, and a government subsidy Given the DOT's biases, it is not misleading of routine auto maintenance would in effect to call the Secretary's action, at this stage at be compelling the non-owner to support THE HALF-SAFE CAR least, an "air bag" decision. such maintenance through his taxes. And But the DOT's own research shows lap and of course there a.re the businesses and in­ shoulder harnesses, with which ca.rs sold in dustries who own fleets of automotive trans­ the U.S. already a.re equipped, far more effec­ ports, who would also enter into such con­ HON. PHILIP M. CRANE tive than air bags in protecting passengers. sideration 1! they were not to be discrimi­ OF ILLINOIS In tow-a.way accidents involving the approxi­ nated against. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mately 11,000 cars equipped with air bags We appreciate your bringing this proposal from 1973 through 1976, there have been four to our attention. As you know, we welcome Wednesday, July 27, 1977 fatalities (five if you count one delayed suggestions from the public since a. viable Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, in a recent death) and 23 serious injuries. That rate is energy plan will affect all individuals and announcement by Secretary of Trans­ far higher than for shoulder harness industries. equipped cars, even averaging in accidents in Thank you !or writing. With very best portation, Brock Adams, he stated that which the shoulder harness wa.s not in use. regards, all new cars must have "automatic crash Dr. Howard Goldmuntz, who has been con­ Sincerely, protection" whether it be air bags or ducting auto safety research under federal S. DAVID FREEMAN. shoulder harnesses. Although no real contracts for six years and who favors laws commitment has been made to air bags, requiring motorists to use their shoulder JUNE 17, 1977. there has been no strong lobbying harnesses, notes that harnesses were in use SAMUEL GANZ, against them either. 44.2% of the time in 1975 cars involved in Presi!lent, Economic & Manpower Corp., Air bags are expensive and relatively tow-a.way accidents. "Even at the 1975 volun­ New York. N.Y. tary usage rates, 30% more lives would be ineffective. In towaway accidents in­ saved with harnesses than by mandating the DEAR SAM: Thanks !or your letter, and I 11,000 apologize !or the delay in rec;ponding. I think volving approximately cars air bag," he contends. "For those of us who your ideas to conserve fuel by encouraging equipped with air bags from 1973 use the harness, requiring that we us~ the or required proper carburetion and ignition through 1976, there have been four less safe air bag is a cruel and unwarranted in the 100 million ca.rs already on the road fatalities and 23 serious injuries. That imposition." are good ones. I have written to the Presi­ rate is far higher than for shoulder har­ Indeed it would seem so. In order to argue dent's energy advisor, Mr. Schlesinger, in­ ness equipped cars, even averaging in ac­ that the air bag would save lives it was neces­ quirinf?; whether he might be w1111ng to as­ cidents in which the shoulder harness sary for DOT to hold, on the basis of obser­ vations in shop?ing center parking lots, that sign someone to work with us to formulate was not in use. As far as cost is con­ legislation embodying your suggestions in motorists buckle their harnesses only 20 % of some form cerned, the lowest estimate by a major the time. Even at 20% harness usage, Dr. I'll be in touch. All the best. automaker is GM's $193. Ford puts the Goldmuntz doubts that the air bag would Sincerely, cost $235 and Chrysler estimate is at $250 be superior. EDWARD I. KOCH. or more. It doesn't help the Secretary's case when There is no good reason why the pub­ costs are thrown into the balance. His argu­ ment that air bags "could" cost an added JULY l, 1977. lic should even consider accepting tlle SAMUEL GANZ, administration's proposal. It has already $100 to $200 is so optimistic as to border on President, Economic & Manpower Corp., been proven that harnesses are very ef­ the fraudulent. The lowest estimate by a New York, N.Y. fective and introducing air bags to all major auto maker is GM's $193. Ford puts DEAR SAM: Enclosed is the resnonse from the cost at $235. Chrysler estimates it at $250 new cars would be a waste of time and or more. Schlesinver's omce. Any comments? money. Sincerely, That doesn't include consideration of the EDWARD I. KOCH. With these thoughts in mind, I would air bag's 40 to 50 pounds extra. weight, which like to insert the enclosed article en­ calls for costly additional engine power. It titled, "The Half-Safe Car" which zeros doesn't include maintenance costs; the air ECONOMIC & MANPOWER CORP., in on the costly ineffectiveness of the bag can be dangerous if its deceleration sen­ New York, N.Y., July 18, 1977. sor is mishandled by a mechanic. And it Hon. EDWA'RD I. KOCH. air bag: THE HALF-SAFE CAR doesn't take account of replacing the bag and Federal Plaza, New York, N.Y. repairing the damage to the passenger com­ DEAR ED: Thanks !or your effort on the We've been wondering why Brock Adams, partment if the air bag bangs out through motor vehicle energy conservation sugges­ in his "air bag decision," seeks to force the malfunction or a minor accident. The bill tion. nation's motorists to accept a.n auto safety here runs $500 to $600. Congressman Bud Apparently, it wa.s not really understood. device that is both expensive and relatively Shuster of Pennsylvania. predicts 30,000 acci­ I! the Administration believes there is a ineffective. dental deployments a year if all ca.rs are real energy crisis and a total effort is neces­ The most charitable answer is that the air bag equipped and puts the bag's cost to sary to meet it, then obviously all the motor Transportation Secretary felt compelled by the average motorist during his driving life vehicles in operation now and in the future the rigidities of the Motor Vehicle Safety Act at $2,000. Claims that the a.tr bag would must be a target for energy savin~ megsures, to go with available technology, however lower insurance costs look implausible in the not only the new ones. Incidentally after one fl.a.wed. If so, he should read the act a.gain. face of these numbers. year the new vehicles will be old a.nd require Less charitably, but more plausibly, we It should be obvious by now that there 1s maintenance to operate at maximum fuel could guess he fell victim to the air bag something other than logic propelling the emciency. lobby--such voices as Allstate Insurance, drive for "passive restraint." There is. Passive The coi;t-sha.ring idea was only one ap­ Ralph Nader and Joan Claybrook, a Nader restraint is a part of the theology of those proach. I! the Administration prefers !or the protege who ha.s risen to become Mr. Adams' who distrust individual choice and judg­ owner to assume an costs that certainly ca.n highway safety chie!tess. These early advo­ ment. The Secretary's brief for the air bag be done. The point about non-motor vehicle cates of the a.ir bag trouble their minds little holds that "the automobile's characteristics owners paying !or maintenance throm!'h tax with recent data demonstrating its inade­ must refiect broadly defined societal goals abatement is tenuous. Government -funds quacies. as well as those advanced by the individual support r0ads (a.t the expense of mass tran­ Least charitably of all, we might think the car owner." In case you haven't heard, "so­ sit), energy programs, industry subsidies and Secretary himself has come down with that cietal goals" are set in Washington. a host of others, depending on how much virulent Washington disease, paternalism. Secretary Adams decided to mandate air ea.ch involves the public interest. Also the Whatever the reason, it was a. bad decision. bags after discovering that "public accept­ commercial vehicle maintenance would not We should note at the outset that the Sec­ ance or rejection of passive restraints is not be government cost-shared because this ex­ retary did not commit himself unequivocally one of the statutory criteria. which the de­ pense would be pa.rt of their regular mainte­ to the air bag. His order merely requires that partment is char1?ed bv law to apply in estab­ nance and thus included tn their costs of beginning in 1981 and by 1984 all new cars be doing business. lishing standards." Maybe not, but Congress equipped with "automatic crash protectlon­ might want to give some thou1?ht to public However, the whole matter is not worth air bags or passive seat belts." reaction in deciding over the next two belaboring if it will be opposed by the But no one is lobbying very hard for the months whether to let the Secretary's decl- July 2·7, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25333 sion stand. It has only been three years since not free. We have lost our individualism; we Economy", but last week's Washington head­ Congress was forced by public outrage to have become "yes" men to the masses. When lines were a bit much. Congressional leader­ scrap the interlock, which made it impossible enough people are enslaved by this social ship, the Adininistration and Labor negoti­ to start a car without first buckling the seat tyranny, it is ea.sy for a dictator to step ated the new Ininimum wage level. Wow! belt. Public preferences may not look very in and take over. That's heavy stuff. important to Secretary Adams but we have Democracy is committed to eq,ual oppor­ The Federal Minimum Wage is not related the feeling they stlll count for something in tunity; without it, democracy will perish. No in any way to an employee's abUity, produc­ the American political process. society, however, can guarantee its citizens tivity or desire to work. For the most part, equality of condition, of social and economic those who receive minimum wage are not status. We are unequally endowed by our breadwinners (heads of households). Is it Creator. We cannot make good poets by forc­ worth $3.00 per hour for dishwashers or su­ ing a magazine to publish poems just be­ permarket carry-out boys? How about our A "VIEWPOINT" WITH MERIT cause they are written by members of minor­ state's tourist industry? Most of the jobs ities. On the other hand, if those members are seasonal, providing college kids with the HON. GUY VANDER JAGT write good poems, they should be published. necessary money for school expenses. Any change in that position by the magazine With no merit factors involved in receiving OF MICHIGA.N would be a disaster. Our country cannot ad­ the minimum wage, an employer is likely to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vance unless we reward ability. go for the most potential productivity money Wednesday, July 27, 1977 Development of ability comes from self­ can buy. Valla'! Out goes the kids and in discipllne. Through self-discipline the indi­ come the heads of households becoining un­ Mr. VANDER JAGT. Mr. Speaker• . I vidual can gain knowledge to take advantage der employed. have just had the opportunity to read an of equal opportunity. In life insurance sell­ No matter how you look at it, a govern­ outstanding column in the most recent ing, for example, equal opportunity is avail­ ment Ininimum wage standard is negative edition of Life Association News written able to all. That all do not want to pay the and causes a dampening effect on the job price for Mlllion Dollar Round Table mem­ market. by C. Carney Smith, executive vice presi­ bership does not deny the fact that the In this week's issue of Business Week, dent of the National Association of Life opportunity is there. The fact that more there is an indepth story on lobbying and its Underwriters-NALU. The publication, a~ents do not make MDRT does not mean impact on our country. Lobbying is one circulated nationally to thousands within they are inferior, that they are not making thing, but raw negotiating between two the membership of NALU, features Mr. contributions to society. It's possible that in branches of government to arrive at what Smith's "Viewpoint" column in each edi­ many respects thev are making greater con­ business should pay its employee goes be­ tion. The one featured in the July 1977 tributions than MDRT members; they just yond lobbying. It smacks of Big Brother. issue, entitled "Equality and Equality of have different goals, different talents, differ­ The kicker in all this is the current mini­ ent backgrounds. If we ever get to the point mum wage bill carries an indexing system Opportunity" does have a great deal of where we have to have so many people in to tie the cost of living index and minimum food for thought for all of us. MDRT simoly because we do not have enough wage together. This means Congress will Permit me to quote Mr. Smith's ex­ of one minority or another represented, then never again have to suffer through the agony cellent closing paragraph, summarizing all will be lost. of voting on minimum wage levels. Exit one very well his comments on this matter. Men and women must march to the drum­ more political football, i.e., Federal decisions mers thev hear. But let us recognize that with potential reverberations from back Mr. Smith concluded: home. The way things are going, our good, Men and women must march to the drum­ equality has nothin~ to do with eauallty of ooportunity. And let us reco~nize t:iat men forthright Congressmen Abdnor and Press­ mers they hear. But let us recognize that ler won't have much in the way of issues to equality has nothing to do with equality of and women who have risen to the challen~e of opportunitv have, by their actions, become convey their (our) conservative financial opportunity. And let us recognize that men spirit in Washington, D.C. and women who have risen to the challenge stars in our business and in other fields of of opportunity have, by their actions, be­ endeavor. come stars in our business and in other fields C. CARNEY SMITH, NALU Executive Vice President. of endeavor. CARTER AIDE HOLDS MEETING ON At this time, I would like to include BATTERED SPOUSES AT WHITE Mr. Smith's entire column: HOUSE EQUALITY AND EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY BAD BUSINESS ALL AROUND It occurs to me that we are becoming more and more confused about equality and HON. NEWTON I. STEERS, JR. equality of opportunity. We all endorse the HON. JAMES ABDNOR OF MARYLAND principle of equal opportunity for everyone; OF SOUTH DAKOTA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it is a goal toward which we must strive. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, July 27, 1977 But striving to make everyone equal is an entirely ditferent matter. Many government Wednesday, July 27, 1977 Mr. STEERS. Mr. Speaker, I was regulations being imposed on business and Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, when we pleased to note that the Washington Star education are so extreme that the result will consider the Fair Labor Standards Act reported yesterday that Presidential ad­ be equal mediocrity, not equal opportunity. amendments later this week, particularly viser, Midge Costanza, has offered to help As noted in The Wall Street Journal, a the provision tying the cost-of-living in­ with passage of legislation to aid bat­ group of poets protested that a famous mag­ dex to the minimum wage, I hope we all azine did not publish very many poems from tered wives. Ininorities or women. Because the magazine fully comprehend its full potential-not Congresswoman LINDY BOGGS and I in­ was being given government money, the poets only as far as inflation is concerned, not troduced the first major piece of legis­ felt that the magazine should publish more only as far as depriving young people lation, H.R. 7927, to address spouse abuse poems from these groups. Are they suggest­ and the untrained of jobs is concerned, on June 21. Sen2,tors WENDELL ANDERSON ing the magazine lower its standards? but also as far as our congressional re­ and EDWARD KENNEDY introduced an I'm told the government is now consider­ sponsibility to make timely determina­ identical version of the measure on the ing regulations that would require colleges tions is concerned. same day in the Senate. to accept students regardless of their back­ It sounds very simple to point to this ground or habits. Colleges would be forced The article appears below. to accept alcoholics and drug addicts. Pri­ bill and think we are doing away for­ CARTER AIDE BACKS BATTERED SPOUSE BILL vate colleges today can't get an honest eval­ ever with the need to set minimum wage Proponents of national legislation to help uation of a high school student other than rates: Just tie it to the cost of living and battered wives got a boost recently when his grades because the teachers and prin­ the problems are gone forever. Or, are presidential adviser Midge Costanza said she cipals are afraid to write anything but in­ they? wants to help organize a national lobbying nocuous letters of recommendation. If the Dave McNeil, executive vice president effort to win passage of the b111. trend continues, even our literature and of the Greater South Dakota Association, One recent study concluded that more schools will become bastions of mediocrity. reviews some of the pitfalls in a column than half of the country's married women Such things impinge upon freedom of he has prepared for release this week. are physically abused to some degree by their choice and individual initiative. The govern­ husbands and that at least 10 percent---close ment seeinS to be trying to put us all into The article follows: to 5 million women-are badly battered. the same mold. Maybe we should now ask MINIMUM WAGE REVISITED In Prince Georges County, for example, ourselves whether we really are free. Do we PIERRE.-It's not bad enough that the Fed­ police recorded 8,440 cases of wife beating in dare to stand out in a crowd? If not, we are eral Minimum Wage exists in a "Free Market 1974. 25334 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1977 Experts have noted that spouse abuse, like would provide us with an inexhaustible Inc., a Sperry a.nd Hutchinson company, for child abuse, ha.s been a hidden problem until source of energy. its long-time contribution to the economy recently because victims were too embar­ I will support the Science and Tech­ and well being of North Carolina. rassed to a.sk for help, and there wa.s an ab­ nology Conurtittee and the $150 million SEc. 2. That a copy of this resolution be sence of laws and lack of facilities to protect duly certified by the Secretary of State a.nd them. for Clinch River when the ERDA auth­ transmitted to the American Drew, Inc., of Bipartisan legislation to provide help for orizatil)n bill comes to the fioor and I will North Wilkesboro. battered spouses has been introduced in the support a supplemental appropriation for SEC. 3. This resolution shall become effec­ House by Reps. Newton I. Steers, R-Md., and Clinch River when it comes to the fioor. tive upon ratification. Lindy Boggs, D-La., a.nd in the Senate by I urge my colleagues to do the same. In the General Assembly read three times Sens. Wendell R. Anderson, R-Minn., a.nd and ratified, this the 20th day of June, 1977. Edward M. Kennedy, D-Mass. Mr. Speaker, to that I would add only The identical measures, which would au­ my personal words of congratulations thorize money for shelters and demonstration AMERICAN DREW, INC.: INDUSTRIAL projects as well as for research into the and express my appreciation for the causes, is considered the first federal mes.s­ ACORN BECOMES GIANT OAK substantial contribution which Amer­ ure aimed at dealing with the problem of ican Drew, Inc., and its employees con­ domestic violence. HON. STEPHEN L. NEAL tinue to make to North Wilkesboro and Costanza met la.st week in an emotional OF NORTH CAROLINA the Fifth Congressional District of two-hour session with some women who told North Carolina. her of being beaten by their husbands. One IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES woman said she wa.s so badly beaten that she lost one of her kidneys, and that a recent Wednesday, July 27, 1977 beating almost destroyed the other. Mr. NEAL. Mr. Speaker, the Fifth OUR NATION'S ELDERLY At the close of the meeting, Costanza. told District of North Carolina is dotted with sta.fl' aides of the congressional sponsors that industrial firms which began as essenti­ she wants to meet with them again in three ally cottage industries or family enter­ HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG weeks to discuss the legislation and plan a. prises and through craftsmanship, in­ national ca.mpa.lgn. OF FLORmA genuity, and sound business practices, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gained national reputation. One such company is American Drew, Wednesday, July 27, 1977 CONFEREE ACTION IS NOT A SET­ Inc., of North Wilkesboro, founded in Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, BACK FOR THE BREEDER 1927 as American Furniture Co. At the today I have introduced a bill to relieve beginning, the company employed 25 some of our Nation's elderly of the neces­ persons. Today, as a Sperry and Hutchin­ sity to relinquish what is perhaps their HON. DAVID L. CORNWELL son Co., it employes 1,500 workers in its last bit of dignity; the right and privilege OF INDIANA North Wilkesboro facilities and has be­ of selecting, and paying for their own IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES come one of the Nation's leading and place of burial, and the right of owner­ most respected manufacturers of bed­ ship of that small piece of Earth, in spite Wednesday, July 27, 1977 room, dining room, and occasional furni­ of their need for SSI and medicaid bene­ Mr. CORNWELL. Mr. Speaker, last ture. fits. Specifically, my bill amends title week the House and Senate conferees Taking note that American Drew, Inc., XVI of the Social Security Act to pro­ on the public works appropriations bill is observing its 50th anniversary, the vide that a burial plot or crypt shall be decided to eliminate "without prejudice" North Carolina General Assembly has excluded from an individual's resources the funding for the Clinch River breeder ratified a resolution of congratulations. in determining his or her eligibility for reactor. Some are reading this action as The resolution follows: SSI and medicaid benefits. a capitulation on the part of the legis­ RESOLUTION This history of this bill is interesting. lative branch to Mr. Carter's wishes. This A joint resolution congratulating American The necessity for it came to light when is not the case. Drew, Inc., of North Wilkesboro, a. Sperry an 82-year-old Seminole County, Fla., The House of Representatives has not and Hutchinson Company, on its 50th woman was denied medicaid payments yet considered the ERDA authorization anniversa.ry for her nursing home expenses because bill, in which funds will be authorized, Whereas, American Drew, a company deep­ her nephew had listed a prepaid burial for Clinch River. The bill contains $150 ly imbedded in the history of Wilkes County, plan on her application. Technically, ha.s developed into one of the nation's most this became a part of her net worth and million for this project and it is not a respected a.nd lea.ding manufacturers of figure arrived at lightly. The Flowers wood bedroom, dining room and functional put her over the $1,500 medicaid limit; subcommittee of the Science and Tech­ furniture; and $1,500 worth of assets, after 82 years of nology Committee held extensive hear­ Whereas, American Drew ha.s increased its life, is not a great deal, Mr. Speaker. At ings on the breeder; and after listening family of employees from 25 in 1927 when the most it can consist of a few family to advocates on both sides of the issue, the firm was created as the American Furni­ heirlooms, perhaps a few savings bonds and this includes the administration's ture Company, to 1,550 full-time employees or small stocks, and in this case, a burial witnesses, decided that $150 million was in North Wilkesboro, and over 50 field repre­ plot which was valued at about $300. sentatives throughout the United States the proper funding level. today; and This constituent's story caught the at­ I concur wholeheartedly with this fig­ Whereas, the Drew Furniture Company, tention of Florida State Representative ure. The CRBR is an R. & D. project before its merger with American Furniture George Hieber, who introduced legisla­ which is vital to this Nation's future se­ Company, also contributed significantly to tion, almost identical to the bill I am curity. The President wishes to stop this the economic progress of Wilkes County; proposing today, before the Florida Leg­ project in order to stem the prolifera­ and islature this past year. Representative tion of plutonium. Yet, other countries Whereas, officials a.nd employees of Amer­ Hieber's bill passed the Florida House ican Drew, throughout tho~e 50 years, have unanimously, and the Florida Senate are ignoring the President's action and unselfishly contributed of their personal are proceeding with their breeder proj­ time and efforts to the betterment of the with one dissenting vote. The Senator ects. The President wishes to have 380 community; and who cast that vote, later admitted that light-water reactors online by the year Whereas, "The Tree of Promise", the com­ he had voted in error. But, in spite of the 2000. Yet, there are serious questions pany emblem of American Drew, signifies obvious sentiment of that State legisla­ concerning the availability of enough skilled innovations in furniture manufactur­ ture, the bill did not become law. ing and superior workmanship in products It was vetoed by Florida's Gov. Reubin U-235 to fuel those reactors. Conversely, distributed throughout the United States there is enough U-238 in cannisters at from over 4,000 retail firms; Askew, because the Governor was in­ Oak Ridge to produce 660 years of elec­ Now, therefore, be it resolved by the House formed that when the State opted to tricity at current levels if we had breed­ of Representatives, the Senate concurring: provide medicaid coverage to all eligible ers. The President calls for the country SECTION 1. That the Genera.I Assembly individuals under the Federal supple­ to adopt a conservation ethic yet he commends, congratulates and expresses its mental security income program, the wants to terminate a technology that deep sense of appreciation to American Drew, State agreed to accept all eligibility rules July 27, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25335 of that program. The Governor was fur­ the goals of their government and the partment superiors, could ignore Frances G. ther informed that the exclusion of means of attaining them, have demon­ Knight, director of the U.S. Passport Office burial plots and crypts as "assets" would strated a new pride. The spirit of rededi­ for the past 22 years. result in Federal rejection of the State cation to values and their open espousal Known for her efficiency and outspoken­ ness, Knight has been likened by both her plan for medical assistance under title have infused our political life with the admirers and detractors to J. Edgar Hoover, XIX. It would, in fact, jeopardize the most positive factor that has been wit­ the late FBI director. Her defense of bu­ State's eligibility for Federal participa­ nessed in years. reaucratic prerogatives and her conservative tion in the entire program. We must actively remember the plight views on political dissidents have won her The solution to this elderly lady's of the citizens of the Baltic Nations who a Hoover-like constituency in Congress and problem, and the problem of hundreds must endure Soviet repression in en­ have helped her to remain in her post for of others like her, Mr. Speaker, now lies forced silence. The United States must two years beyond the mandatory 70-year-old strive to set a strong example of moral retirement age for career civil servants. with us. To an elderly person, the cer­ Now her time apparently has run out. A tainty of his burial place can mean a very leadership and support for the people handwritten note from President Carter in­ great deal. Often, the prepaid plot, is of Albania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, formed her that Secretary of State Cyrus R. part of a family burial program, where Lithuania, and Romania. By focusing on Vance had decided against a third extension loved ones are already buried. Not only is such a goal, renewed confidence in the of her stay in office, which she held since it very difficult to sell a single plot out of U.S. appeal for human rights could bring the days when John Foster Dulles was Sec­ a family burial site, but it is unconscion­ about positive changes in the oppressive retary of State. able to think that our Government would policies of the Soviet Government. Under Knight's stewardship, the Passport support, in fact dictate, a provision that Our concern for the Baltic people must Office acquired a well deserved reputation for responsiveness and efficiency. Shortly after would require an elderly person to re­ not be packed away until next year's taking office, she explained her approach to linquish the right to be buried with his Captive Nations' Week. Rather we must her job to a New York Times reporter. "When loved ones-as an alternative to receiv­ remind ourselves always of their difficult people planned months ahead to go overseas," ing SSI and medicaid entitlement. struggle to achieve the same type of she said, "they didn't mind waiting three Because this is a minor issue, when freedom which so many Americans take weeks for a passport. Today London and compared to the major problems faced for granted. With the closing of Cap­ Paris are an overnight hop." Now Europe ls by this body, Mr. Speaker, it could be tive Nations' Week, we should enter a even closer, in terms of travel time, but the time of firm commitment to the preser­ Passport Office continues to process applica­ destined to years of waiting for a solu­ tions with dispatch. tion. But, I would like to remind you, and vation of individual rights and liberty Throughout her career, Knight has been my colleagues, that the people to whom throughout the world and especially to the despair of civil libertarians. In 1966 she this issue is a "major" one, do not have those people of the Baltic Nations. was reproved by her superiors when it was years to wait. The entire membership of learned that her staff had passed an FBI the Florida State Legislature was con­ request on to the U.S. embassies in Paris and cerned enough to respond to the prob­ Moscow to keep an eye on an antiwar Har­ lem by passing legislation to correct it FRANCES KNIGHT: GREAT vard professor who was on sabbatical leave. AMERICAN More recently, she has been criticized for in one single legislative session. I would advocating a national identity-card system like to think that those of us who serve and a secret, computerized "lookout file" of these same constituents on a national HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL more than 243,000 Americans "whose applica­ level are no less concerned, or capable of OF ILLINOIS tions for passports may be of interest to ... righting an obvious wrong with equal law-enforcement agencies." dedication and haste. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In an interview with U.S. News & World Wednesday, July 27, 1977 Report, Knight described opponents of the I urge my colleagues, Mr. Speaker, to identity-card proposal as "a very small but join me asking the appropriate commit­ Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, from time well-organized minority (which) has been tee to consider this bill rapidly, and fa­ to time individuals come into Govern­ successful in conjuring up the specter of vorably, and to encourage passage of this ment service and, as the years pass, dem­ storm troopers and secret police. Of course, "humane" piece of legislation through onstrate uncommon ability, far surpass­ criminals, illegal aliens, tax dodgers and the House of Representatives as expedi­ ing the expected norms of mere compe­ small-time crooks and hoods would be against ently as possible. tence. Among these rare few, there is an national registration and identity cards. That is to be expected." even more select group: That handful of Similarly, Knight justified the lookout file men and women who, as public servants, by saying that the names in it were those of have become legends in their own time. people of "questionable citizenship" about CAPTIVE NATIONS' WEEK: A PLEA Frances Knight is such a public servant. whom it was her duty to be cautious and FOR HUMAN RIGHTS As Director of the U.S. Passport Office watchful. But former Sen. Sam J. Ervin Jr. she has demonstrated that the Federal (D-N.C.) asserted that the file posed a serious Government can work-if it is blessed threat to First Amendme~t freedoms. And HON. LAWRENCE COUGHLIN with leaders such as Frances Knight. For former Sen Stephen M. Young (D-Ohio) denounced Knight as "one of those super­ OF PENNSYLVANIA 22 years she has given of herself un­ duper patriots who considers it her duty to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stintingly and has given the American judge the patriotism of other Americans." Wednesday, July 27, 1977 public a passport agency whose efficiency It would be uncharacteristic of Knight to and responsiveness are unquestioned. go quietly, and she isn't. She told Human Mr. COUGHLIN. Mr. Speaker, the For reasons not quite clear to me, Events, the conservative weekly newspaper, third week in July has been observed for Frances Knight has been asked by the that Vance's decision was "an inside job" by nearly two decades as Captive Nations' administration to resign her post. Some lower-level bureaucrats. And she may write Week. This annual commemoration of argument about "mandatory retirement a book. Frances Knight has never been one the millions of people who have been age" has been made as an excuse, but it to surrender without a fight. silenced by Soviet domination vividly is inconceivable to me that anyone would demonstrates that we cannot afford to ask Frances Knight to resign simply be­ forget the ongoing tragedy of these peo­ cause of some bureaucratic regulation. TRIBUTE TO ALFONSO LOSCUITO ple of Eastern Europe who are held vir­ Whatever the real case may be. our Na­ tual prisoners in their own countries. tion is going to miss Frances Knight. She We should take this opportunity to re­ is a great public servant--she is, indeed HON. IKE SKELTON call the struggles of our forefathers to a great American. OF MISSOURI guarantee the freedoms outlined in the At t.his time I would like to insert in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Bill of Rights, rights which are not the RECORD an editorial from the Alex­ strictly an American privilege but basic andria. Va., Gazette. "Frances G. Knight: Wednesday, July 27, 1977 to all men throughout the world. With She Wasn't Meek," July 21 1977: Mr. SKELTON. Mr. Speaker, last week President Carter's outspoken campaign FRANCES G. KNIGHT: SHE WAS NOT MEEK the State of Missouri lost a fine public for international human rights, the Love her or hate her, but you can't ignore servant, an exemplary citizen, and a good American people, too often cynical about her-and nobody, especially her State De- friend. The sudden death of Alfonso Los- CXXIII--~595--Part 20 25336 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1977 cuito, presiding judge of the Morgan Uruguayan." This I cannot allow you. Since Profits: County court, was a sad event for all who my youngest days, I have committed myself 1972 6. 8 to the well-being of my country with a total 1973 11. 7 knew and loved him. Al Loscuito was disregard for per!'onal gain. Now, becaurn I 1974 16. 4 more than a friend to me-he was a man defended justice and liberty, I cannot return 1975 11. 5 I could rely on, a dependable source of to my country. 1976 13.5 solid advice. and a man who took his There may be, I am sure there are, others responsibility to the public with the ut­ as Uruguayan as I. None more than I. Being Total ------59.9 a North American citizen, I do not know how most seriousness. For the entire period 1972-75, paid-out Al was elected presiding judge of Mor­ you can fe~l competent to comment on this subject. The right to judge Uru'.'uayans as dividends were only 37 percent of total gan County in 1974. Prior to that, he " good" or " bad" is a right reserved to Uru­ profits. Capit::i.l outlays were fully 1.7 was battalion chief of the Kansas City gu a yans alone. And you should know, even times as great as total profits. Fire Department for 20 years. Through­ though you may not like to learn it, that Controlled oil and gas prices proposed out his career, Al was a conscientious very soon the Uruguayan people will rise to worker, a man who earned the resepct of say on which side have been the "good" and under the administration's energy plan those he met. He is survived by his wife on which side the "bad." do not provide the capital needed to ex­ Alir.e. his .stepson n.nd one granddaughter. Your insults and insinuations, these do not plore and develop American oil. offend me, for you are no friend of my people. Mr. Speaker, I believe that each of us Sincerely, who knew Judge Al Loscuito feels a little Ju AN FERREmA. poorer today. He was a most unique indi­ I believe it in the national interest of HEARINGS ON THE SOCIAL SECU­ vidual. He will be missed by the many RITY PROGRAM people whose lives he brightened with the United States not to support repres­ his warm personality. sive regimes with arms to be used against their citizens. When we provide such HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN arms, we then become linked inextricably OF MASSACHUSETTS RESPONSE TO CHARGES AGAINST with the oppressor government in the MR. JUAN FERREIRA minds of those citizens. and that is not to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the advantage of the United States. Re­ Wednesday, July 27, 1977 HON. EDWARD I. KOCH grettably, we have provided such arms to Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, early this OF NEW YORK a number of Latin American countries year I introduced legislation along with and others around the world and have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 85 cosponsors which provides for equal damaged our own self-interest by doing treatment between men and women un­ Wednesday, July 27, 1977 so. It is important to note that, while it der the benefit programs of the Social Mr. KOCH. Mr. Sneaker, in the July 13 was the Congress last year that ended Security Act. Just this week the Subcom­ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. our colleague, military aid to Uruguay because of its op­ mittee on so~ial Security has undertaken Reorf'sP.ntative LARRY McDONALD, made pression and violations of human rights, an important series of hearings on the the following statement with regard to it was the Carter administration this year program. Besides the urgent need for a the country of Uruguay: that stated it was opposed to such mili­ review of the financing problems of the The anti-Uruguayan "human rights" lobby tary assistance to Uruguay because of social security program it is time to make has a very active spo'kesman whom we often that very oppression and made r.o re­ the program more resoonsive to this Na­ see in the Halls of Conl!'ress. named Juan quest for military support of that govern­ tion's changing social structure. I was Ferreira. Mr. Ferreira runs the Uruguayan ment. pleased to submit testimony to the sub­ Information Pro1ect from the offices of the So far as I am concerned, oppression committee and following are my re­ Washington Office on Latin America at 110 whether it is on the left or on the right marks: Marvland Avenue NE., Washington, D.C. 20002. must be condemned equally and those TESTIMONY BEFORE THE HOUSE WAYS AND Mr. Ferreira's story is that he personally familiar with my record on the subject MEANS SUBCOMMITTEE ON SOCIAL SECURITY, onooses the Tuoamaros who threatened to will find that I do so. Regrettably, there JULY 1977, CONGRESSMAN ROBERT F. kill his father. This is in sharp contradiction are those who simply condemn oppres·· DRINAN to the fact that he is cnonP.r11.t.ing with Cas­ sion on the left and excuse it on the right Mr. Chairman, I commend this Subcom­ troite organizations in the United States that or conversely condemn it on the right mittee and the Administration for prompt serve as the mouthpieces for the Tupamaros and excuse it on the left. They neither attention to the anticipated financial prob­ and other terrorist groups. lems of the social security program. Just s~rve the national interest of the United about every American has a stake in this Having t.aken a rtrf'at cnncern in the States or the conscience of humankind. program, either as a beneficiary, a contribut­ human rirtht.s situation in Uruguay, and ing worker or the dependent of a worker. The having led the successful fight in Con­ MORE INVESTMENT THAN PROFITS . federal government through the Social Secu­ gress to ban mi.litary aid to the repres­ rity Act has promised a certain measure of si.ve regime in Uruguay, I do feel that economic security to all these people and Mr. Juan Ferreira, whom I do know per­ guaranteed protection against loss of earn­ HON. JAMES M. COLLINS ings due to retirement, disability or death sonallv, should be allowed to respond to OF TEXAS in return for contributions made by both Congres!"man McDONALD'S acrnsat.ions. I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES employers and employees via the pavroll tax. am therefore appendi.ng the letter which Reports of a deficit and financing problems Mr. Ferreira has written to Congressman Wednesday, July 27, 1977 have caused an erosion of public confidence McDONALD: Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, unparalleled in the forty-two year history of WASHINGTON OFFICE ON LATIN AMERICA, total free world energy investment needs the social security program. The Congress Washington, D.C., July 22, 1977. have been estimated at $700 billion be­ must act expeditiouslv to restore integrity Hon. LARRY McDONALT>, to this program in order to keep faith with tween now and 1985. This compares to this anrl following generations of workers and Cannon Hou~~e Offlce Building, 1976 capital investments of the 3n major Washinaton, D .C. beneficiaries. DEAR Sm: I have read with J?reat interest petroleum companies of $27 .8 billion and USE OF GENERAL REVENUES to profits of $13.5 billion. Recent profit your statement about the political f'ituation In mv view the Administration's pronosals in Urul?uav. I choose not to respond to your and investmPnt data of the 30 majors for meeting the short and long-term financ­ evaluitt.ion of the i.,...ternal politics and of the are given below: ing problemi:; of the svstem are an important political parties in mv country, since that is Funds total first step in rebuilding oublic confidence. The a prerogative I concede only to my fellow [B111ions of dollarsl recommendation for limited use of general countrvmen. revenues when the unP.mnlovment rate ex­ Capital and exploration expenditures: Neither will I arirue with vou about the cee~s 6 percent is sensible and would provide human riqhts <:it11nt.1on In Uruguav. Not onlv 1972 ------13. 2 the sneci

A full discussion of the requirements for Tl;IE BLACK CHURCH we find that old political ways offer little or Black survival would demand a lecture series Too often, the Black Church has become no promise for the new world a-horning. of many weeks, but we can, we hope. in a a bastion of conservatism, reflecting the There is an unfolding Jimmy Carter mi­ few moments point out some of the impor­ status-quo-ism of the organized White rage, in which the promising Jimmy-Carter­ tant crises facing Black America, and we Church. Black churchmen must become the-campaigner's rhetoric lies hollow in the hope to indicate the special role which the revolutionary leaders using their institu­ reality of Jimmy-Oarter-the-President's Black Press must play as we light the torch tional resources to build the whole man, who , deeds. The Black Press must make the Black up Survival Road. can use religion as an instrument for social masses recognize that Carter has substituted Our elder statesman, W. 0. Walker, in de­ change. anti-inflation jingoism for full employment scribing the unique role of this Black Press Of all the Black religious forms, perhaps and equal opportunity. Blacks' 92 to 94 per­ of ours, as we have been lighting the way the Muslims come closest to developing a cent support secured Carter his victory, de­ to freedom for 150 years, said it best: Black ideology; they have set themselves spite the 55 percent majority Southern "The highest tradition in journalism is apart and built a Black agenda, with the White vote garnered by Ford, Carter prom­ service to the people. Service by informing possibility of accomplishing through togeth­ ised equal partnership in governance of and by interpreting; service by giving voice erness that which Blacks cannot accomplish the nation to Blacks on the campaign trail, to the goals, aspirations and needs of the alone. The Muslim ideology reflects itself but now shows his indifference to the eco­ people. Service by calling attention to in­ in their espousal of the dignity and the nomic plight of the Black masses, and coun­ justices inflicted on the people and by de­ beauty of Blackness. tenances 40.5 percent Black teenager unem­ manding an end to these injustices. Service The Black Church has a prophetic mission ployment. He has demonstrated his con­ by rallying the indignation and the action to play in Black survival. Christianity is a tempt for the poor in New York City-with of the people when the need arises. revolutionary religion, and Black church­ a welfare program which apparently is noth­ "Such has been the role of the Black Press men must take on the revolutionary zeal of ing more than a redistribution of the pres­ in America, and no other mass communica­ the early Christians, when Jesus was the ently inadequate welfare assistance, so as tion medium has been more effective in first great socialist, and Christianity was the to penalize the poor elite, by taking from .serving freedom's cause than this Press. earliest form of socialism. The Acts from the the poor elite and giving to the poor poor! For its crusades it he neodymium glass chortling a.bout how refreshing it ls to get DEAR CONGRESSMAN PURSELL: I would like something for "the people" out of Washing­ to apologize for any trouble a mistake in our lasers I saw at LLL and KMS and Rochester, ton. for example, are no more than 0.1 percent recent news release has caused you. A con­ efficient. Moreover, they can't be fired more Heretofore any dams or highways or other tribution of $1,000.00 from the National Edu­ local pro1ects a.round the country have been than about once an hour. Carbon dioxide cation Association should have been credited lasers, like the ones I saw at LASL, are much lambasted sneeringly by Mary and her ilk to candidate Ken Pursley of Idaho instead of as "pork barrel." more efficient-they may reach five percent you. During the transcribing from the dicta­ or so---but their wavelength ls in the far in­ But not when it's a municipal deal for phone tape the mix up happened. them in their city! fra-red. The search for a laser of some new Please let me know if you desire any other material that will achieve the best blend And ln those proportions, one must admit form of explanation. lt is hardly pork by the barrel. It ls Prime of all these properties-"Laser X," as every­ Sincerely yours, one in the field calls it-ls going on all over Rib of Kobe beef by the warehouse. J. CHARLENE BAKER, Chairman. Now, we have been used to our government the world. building a $250,000,000 palace to provide In the meantime, existing lasers, and ones offices for a mere 60 senators many yea.rs a.go slated to be built in the next few years, are which ls an outrageous price for an office LASER FUSION-VIRTUALLY INEX­ helping solve some of the more anguishing building to house such a modest number of HAUSTIBLE ENERGY SUPPLY problems of plasma physics-of just what officials anyplace, of course, and would also happens when an unimaginably high-pow­ build half a dozen civic center complexes to ered jolt hits a tiny target. Some of them include convention centers, giant theaters, HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE are pictured in these pages. All are extremely sports pa.laces and a.11. OF TEXAS impressive technological achievements. When We just figured that Congress was ta.king IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I toured the giant room at LLL housing Ar­ very good ca.re of themselves ... not a stand­ gus, the world's most powerful laser until ard they applied to municipal works. Wednesday, July 27, 1977 Shiva is operating, John Emmett turned to But five b1llions and a half for a 12 mlle Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, the energy me proudly and said: "You're standing on mini-subway for the people of an American the world's largest optical bench-40 by 240 problems which our country faces are feet, and made of solid reinforced concrete a city ... that happens to be their city? serious. The national energy plan sub­ That suggests more than mere favoritism meter thick in one continuous slab, sup­ or special privilege. It suggests simply, that mitted by the President has attacked ported by a hundred columns. The whole our government leaders have lost all sense these problems by encouraging conser­ thing is entirely isolated from the rest of the of the value of money. They just throw lt vation and new domestic exploration and building." a.round on a sea.le that is unimaginable else­ production of conventional fuels for the At the small end of the scale, too, tech­ where, and don't even know it is outrageous. near term. However, we must prepare nology plays a vital role. We couldn't reveal, No wonder that kind of total loss of per­ now for the long term and answers must in our 1974 story, that the fuel pellets being spective can destroy a national economy-as tried in several labs were actually tiny hol­ be sought from our scientists and engi­ low glass spheres, 10 times smaller than a it has in England. neers. One of the most promising long­ The Washington metro, as a measuring pinhead, filled with a D-T fuel mixture. We stick for irresponsible financial attitudes, ls term technologies is laser fusion. Energy didn't know. Their use had been classified by the saddest news in many a year. delivered by this technology relies upon the then AEC, because the design of fuel When even the media there cheers-be­ the virtually inexhaustible supplies of pellets figures heavily in nuclear-weapons cause this time its for them-it isn't only oceans. In addition, it may impact medi­ work. The spheres are made by commercial the lawmakers that have lost touch with cal radiation therapy as well as the pro­ suppliers (you can watch their strange, liq­ grass roots realities. It's the whole Wash­ duction of synthetic fuels. And, of course, uid-like mass behavior in a fascinating toy, ington establi<:hment, including the press. it will produce electricity. Soon the Con­ made by Wham-0, called "Magic Window") That shouldn't come as a surprise. New and come to the labs literally by the billion­ gress must consider H.R. 6566, which a quart jar holds about 2.5 billion of them. York spent lt~elf into ruin ... and while it authorizes the laser fusion program in did so, the New York centered national the Energy Research and Development A SMALL COMPANY MADE IT BIG media cheered at this "enlightened" spend­ Finding a perfectly formed mlcroballoon, ing. Administration. I am including here ex­ spherical and with symmetrical, uniform We have to face the fact that the Biggest cerpts from an article by Arthur Fisher walls, is a job that far surpases looking for a Business in the world, our federal govern­ entitled, "Energy from Laser Fusion." needle in a haystack, as I found when I tried ment. ls being run by and reported on by They illustrate fully the widespread na­ to pick one up with a camel's hair in the laser peonle who have lost all sense of proportion. ture of the work that is developing laser target fabrication lab at Los Alamos. Gene They burn our money like autumn leaves fusion at both private and government Farnum of LASL told me the soheres were so (before environmental laws prevented burn­ laboratories. They also point out the light--a gallon o! them weighs only a ing leaves.) stress that ERDA is placing on laser pound-that if disturbed they may ft.oat And this lrresponsibllity is a greater dan­ fusion as a technology that may increase suspended in the air for weeks. One of the ger to our total environment than anvthlng energy supplies for the whole country. chief maxims of the lab, he said, was "no they have legislated agalnst.-C. L. Dancey. hard hreatt>ing." The article follows: With such D-T filled microballoons, at POWER Is STILL FAR OFF least two labs, KMS and LLL, have reached CORRECTION The mechanism for accomplishing this ls an important milestone in the laser !usion called implosion. A fuel pellet is bathed in program. After·- a laser shot, they have de­ a very short, very powerful pulse of laser tected the kind of neutrons that are gen­ HON. CARL D. PURSELL light. This ablates the outer surface of the erated in a genuine fusion "burn"-thermo­ OF MICHIGAN pellet by heating it and causes that portion nuclear neutrons. Almost evervone now to fly outward. (Similarly, the heat shield of acknowledges that KMS got results first, an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a spacecraft is ablated by the heat of friction extraordinary accomplishment for a small Wednesday, July 27, 1977 during atmospheric reentry). But, by New­ company that had no backing from the gov­ ton's Third Law (every action has an equal ernment (it now has a contract with ERDA). Mr. PURSELL. Mr. Speaker, on May and opposite reaction), the rest of the pellet, Pelle+. implosion and thermonuclear neu­ 12, 1977 an insert appeared in the CoN- including the fuel at the core, is accelerated trons are the first two milestones in ERDA's July 27, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25343 well-planned route to laser fusion. Dr. C. GROWING OLD IN AMERICA earliest civilizations, of course, had to let Martin Stickley, Director of ERDA's Division their older people die, very often because of Laser Fusion, ticked off the rest of the they weren't strong enough to walk the nec­ schedule recently in Washington: HON. SHIRLEY N. PETTIS essary distance to find food. But as soon as Significant fusion burn . . . 1977-1978. OF CALIFORNIA there were ways of storing food, older people This means about one percent of the fuel in were looked after. the target ts undergoing a fusion reaction, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTAT:'"VES FC: Do you see any parallel in the way enough to analyze with confidence. Shiva Wednesday, July 27, 1977 America treats its older people and the W3.Y should produce significant burn. we treat our children? Scientific breakeven ... 1981-1982. The Mrs. PETTIS. Mr. Speaker, in light Dr. Mead: Our treatment of both reflects thermonuclear energy from the burn equals of the recent passage by the House Edu­ the value we place on independence and the energy delivered to the target (not to cation and Labor Committee, on which autonomy. We do our best to make our chil­ the laser). Says Dr. Stickley: "We w111 need I serve, of legislation outlawing manda­ dren independent from birth. We leave them hundreds of trilllons of watts on target, at­ tory retirement at age 65, I thought it all alone in rooms with the lights out and tell tainable with the 100-kilojoule gas laser be- most appropriate to insert the following them, "Go to sleep by yourselves." And the . ing built at Los Alamos, or perhaps, in 1983, article on Margaret Mead which recently old people we respect most are the ones who with Nova, a proposed upgrade of Shiva that will fight for their independence, who would might double the number of arms and in­ appeared in the Family Circle magazine. sooner starve to death than ask for help. crease the power five- to ten-fold." Dr. Mead discusses some of the prob­ We in America have very little sense of in­ Net energy gain . . . mid 1980's. "This is lems which face older Americans. I com­ terdependence. The real issue is whether a the all-important point: more total energy mend it to my colleagues as necessary society keeps its older people close to chil­ yield from the burn than ts required to drive reading on this subject: dren and young people. If old people are separated from family life, there is real the laser system. It will require a few hun­ GROWXNG OLD IN AMERICA dred more trillions of watts and a new tragedy both for them and the young. laser-laser X---or fast energy source such as Margaret Mead celebrates her 75th birth­ FC: How could we structure our society to electron or ion beams." day this year. We went to see her in her office help bring older ·people back into the lives Operating test system ... late 1980'8. "That tucked away in a Victorian turret of Ne~ of their families? York City's Museum of Natural History. It is Dr. Mead: It is primarily a question of assumes all our discoveries including Laser the same place she began her work 50 years X can be engineered into a high-pulse-rate replanning, of building communities where ago-cozy, coxnfortable and cluttered with older people are welcome-not necessarlly pellet-burning system with all the control books and memorabilia. To get there, we had and conversion equipment ..." your own grandmother, but somebody's to take a large museum elevator, walk down grandmother. Older people need to live with­ Demonstration power plant ... late 1990'8. long, dimly lit corridors lined with fossil I asked Dr. Stickley how confident he was in walking distance of shops and friends and specimens and finally climb a tiny winding family. They need younger people to help about ever really reaching that last, tantaliz­ staircase. Few with her fame could resist the ing milestone. "People's general criticism of with the heavy chores, to shovel the snow and temptation to move to grander and more cut the grass so they can continue to live on fusion," he answered, "is that it hasn't accessible quarters. But one secret of Mar­ worked ... we haven't done it. One of the their own. garet Mead's long and productive life is her FC: What do you think about the way we reasons for my enthusiasm for the laser­ ability to know instinctively what is right fusion program ts that I believe we have the a:i::iproach retirement? for her. Dr. Mead: The practice of early retirement concepts in hand to show that it can work." She has been acclaimed "one of the great­ Nevertheless, the engineering problems in· is terribly wasteful. We are wasting millions est women alive" and ls known throughout of good years of good people by forcing them designing a workable inertial confinement the world as a pioneer in her chosen field of fusion power plant are formidable, and ERDA into retirement. The men especially suffer. anthropology. She ts the author of nearly two Whether or not women work, they've always experts believe laser fusion will contribute dozen books and countless articles on primi­ nothing to the U.S. electricity supply before had to do the housekeeoing and the shop­ tive peoples and all aspects of family life. ping and the planning. So when they retire, the end of this century. A petite and lively woman, she's seated Similar problems also attend electron­ the'y still have some continuity in their lives. behind her large desk, which overflows with But the men are admirals without a fleet. bea.m and ion-beam fusion, the other inertial papers and other evidence of work in prog­ confinement schemes ERDA ls investigating. They don't know what else to do but die. ress, and beams her famous smile as she FC: What can we do to keep older people (Some people are using the collective term talks. Dr. Mead's energy and unftagging in­ "charged-particle fusion.") active in community life? terest in life pervade her own unique and Dr. Mead: We can do many things. Some THE PRACTICAL OUTLOOK inspiring perspective on old age in America. universities are building alumnae housing There a.re prospects, though, for getting Family Circle: America has a bad repu­ on campuses so that graduates will be able some positive use out of the high-energy neu­ tation for our treatment of the elderly. Do to move back near the universities. Some can trons from laser fusion devices long before you think it is warranted? teach, and all can enjoy the lectures, the in­ they reach the milestone of net energy gain. Dr. Mead: America is pretty negligent in t.ellectual stimulation and being near young For example, KMS chairman Dr. Russell D. this respect. As a nation of immigrants, we people. O'Neal told me: "We've been working under have always put a tremendous premium on We shouldn't drop people from the PTA contract with the Texas Gas Transmission youth. The young people, the first generation when their last child leaves school. We Corp. to produce hydrogen from water by born here, understood American life better should have a grandparents' association that using thermonuclear neutrons from laser than their parents, who had come from works for local schools. At present, older fusion. Then we'd make methane-the main other countries. In the more uprooted fam­ people vote against school bond issues for constituent of natural gas-from the hydro­ ilies, grandparents became a source of em­ schools their children once attended. They gen. We hope to be making a real contri­ barrassment. Though children whose grand­ get selfish because they're no longer involved. bution to the energy problem by the mid- parents were not English-speaking might FC: It has been a fond American myth 1980's." learn to understand their grandparents' lan­ that in the good old days-whenever those And at the University of Rochester's Lab­ guage, they would refuse to speak it. were-we treated old people much better. oratory for Laser Energetics, Dr. Moshe Lubin But at least older people used to stay in Did the elderly really have fewer problems? has pulled together funds from ERDA, N.Y. the family. Homes were big, and there was Dr. Mead: For one thing, there weren't State, G.E., Exxon, anrl utilitv companies to room for extra aunts and grandparents. a great many older people, and the ones build a 24-beam glass laser called Omega X. Families lived close together in communities. that lived long lives were very, very tough. As a "useful intermediary result," he toid me, Today we have many more old people than Older people are more frail today. Many "we envision a laser fusion breeder ... we in the past. And we have changed our whole are the kind who would have died during should know if it works within the next five life-style. The filght to the suburbs in the infancy in earlier times and have had un­ years." Spent nuclear fuel rods would simuly last 25 years has done a great deal of harm. certain health all their lives. I had never be inserted in a laser fusion target chamber, In these age-segregated, class-segregated seen an older person lying around like a and would capture the thermonuclear neu­ communities, there is no place for old people vegetable, taking up the energy of doctors trons produced. Uranium-238 or thorium-232 to live near the young people they care about. and nurses, until I was 28 years old. Every could thus be bred into the fissionable mate­ So the poor ones are stacked away in nursing old person I knew as a child was somebody rials plutonium-239 or uranium-233. The homes, which are sometimes called "ware­ I could admire and listen to and enjoy. rods would be reusable many times. houses for the old." The more atHuen t ones When we're involved with old people whose "You wouldn't need to worry about energy move into golden ghettos or go to Florida, hearing and eyesight go and who have to be gain," says Lubin. "You could even consume but they too are segregated and lonely. cared for, we don't treat them like people, energy. As long as the end product gives you FC: How were the elderly treated in some and that ts frightening to old and young a lot more ener~y when you put it a light­ of the prixnitive cultures you have studied? alike. water reactor. We envision, not too long from Dr. Mead: You don't find many early or FC: When you were a child, grandparents now, a laser fusion breeder next to light- primitive societies that treat old people as had a much more active role in child-rear­ water reactor complexes." · badly as the civilized societies do. The very ing than they do today. Do you believe that 25344 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1977 grandparents can educate their grandchil­ day lives. Also, children are aware that their AWACS dren? middle-aged parents cling to youth. Dr. Mead: If only today's grandparents FC: It's true. We Americans are obsessed would realize that they have seen more so­ with staying young. There are not enough HON. GERRY E. STUDDS cial change than any other getreration in med els like you, Dr. Mead, to show younger OF MASSACHUSETTS people goals to grow toward. the history of the world! There is so much IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES they could pass on! Mr. Mead: We have always had a good In the small towns of earlier times, one number of lively old people-it is .just the Wednesday, July 27, 1977 g\)Qd grandmother went a long way with her proporttons that are changing. We had stories, her store of old-fashioned songs and Bernie Baruch sitting on his park bench, ad­ Mr. STUDDS. Mr. Speaker, on July 11, her skills in the vanishing arts. From her, vising one president after another. We have I introduced a resolution to disapprove children absorbed a sense of the past and many physicians who go on practicing late in the proposed sale to Iran of seven early learned to measure time in meaningful bio­ life. Writers, too, and justices of the Supreme warning aircraft-AWACS-to Iran. I logical terms-when grandmother was young, Court. was pleased this morning to see that my when mother was young, when I was young. FC: How can middle-aged and young peo­ position on this issue is fully shared by Dates became real instead of mere numbers ple lessen the fear of growing old? the Washington Post. The following is in a history book. Dr. Mead: It's very important to prepare When my grandmother died in 1928 at the yourself. One useful thing is to change all today's Post editorial on this subject, a age of 82, she had seen the entire develop­ your doctors. opticians and dentists when matter which I believe is of interest to ment of the horseless carriage, the flying you reach 50. You start out when you are all our colleagues: machine, the telephone, the telegraph and y;)ung with everybody who looks after you ARMS BUSINESS AS USUAL Atlantic cables, radio and silent films. older than you are. When you get to be 50, mo.st of these people are 65 or older. Change In 1972 President Nixon secretly gave Iran Today, telephoning has largely replaced virtual carte blanche to buy the arms of its the family correspondence of two genera­ them all and get young ones. Then, as you grow older, you'll have people who are still choice. Scarcely a year later, OPEC's quin­ tions ago. I still treasure a letter that ends: tupling of oil prices put into the Shah's "You are always in the thoughts of your alive and active taking care of you. You won't be desolate because every one of your hands the money to buy the quantities of grandmother by the sea. P.S. 'Apartment' is sophisticated weapons he has been amassing spelled with one 'P .' " doctors is dead. Another thing is consider what you relentlessly since. Campaigning for President, FC: Was your grandmother very important to Jimmy Carter decried profiiga te American to you when you were growing up? want to do later in life while you are still young If you think of your whole life­ arms sales. In the White House, he declared Dr. Mead: One of my grandmothers, who he would view arms sales "as an exceptional always lived with us, was the most decisive span and what you are going to do at one stage and then at another, and incorporate foreign policy implement to be used only in influence on m y life. She sat at the center instances where it can be clearly demon­ of our household. Her room was the place these plans in your life picture, you can look forward confidently to old age. If you strated that the transfer contributes to our we immediately went when we came home national security interests." Putting his pol­ from school. We did our lessons on the associate enough with older people who do enjoy their lives, who are not stored away icy into effect in respect to Iran, he decided cherry-wood table with which she had not to sell the F-18. started housekeeping. Later it was my dining in any golden ghettos, you will gain a sense room table for 25 years. of continuity and of the possibilities for a He has persisted, however, in pushing the I think my grandmother was the one who full life. sale of an elegant airborne radar system gave me my ease in being a woman. I had my FC: How did you plan for your life when called AWACS (airborne warning and control father's mind, which he had inherited from you were young? system). Iran wants seven at a cost of $1.2 her. Without my grandmother's presence­ Dr. Mead: I went to work at the Museum billion. Evidently the administration feels small, dainty and pretty-I might have of Natural History as a young girl, and of that American relations with Iran cannot thought having my father's mind would course I had no idea how long I'd stay. easily stand the strain of canceling A WACS. make me masculine. Though she was wholly You don't when you are 24. Then I saw a Moreover, there is strong Pentagon pressure without feminist leanings, she taught me doddering old man walking around the cor­ to recapture by exports some of the huge that the mind is not sex-typed. ridors, and I asked, "What is he dong here?" (ievelopment costs ($2.8 billion). NATO is You know, one reason grandparents and I was told, "He is working on a book. He re­ gagging on the price. Hence the drive to sell grandchildren get along so well is that they tired 20 years ago." I discovered that at the to Iran. can help each other out. First-person ac­ Museum they keep you until you die. And so It's a pity because on the merits the ad­ counts of the parents when they were chil­ I decided to stay right there. ministration's case is weak. The Director of dren reduces parental fury over disorders and FC: How do you think people can learn Central Intelligence agrees that the tech­ fads of "the younger generation" and does to appreciate the past? nology could leak, with damaging results, to away with such pronouncements as: "My Dr. Mead: I frequently have my students the Russians. The need for Americans to man father would never have permitted me to ..." interview older people. For the Bicentennial, the system could conceivably suck the In small-town schools, there used to be we developed a model book called How to In­ United States into unwanted trouble. Since teachers who taught two generations of terview Your Grandfather. It is the reverse the system lets you control your fighter air­ children and mellowed in the process. They of a baby book. The students made up the craft as well as detect enemy missiles, its sale were there to remind the children that their questions simply by thin.king of what they undercuts the formal Carter pledge not to parents had once been young, played hooky wanted to know about the past. The older introduce into a region a weapons system and passed forbidden notes in school. They people adcre being asked. They stop com­ creating "a new or significantly higher com­ were also able to moderate the zeal and plaining that nobody is interested in them or bat capability." Iraq or Saudi Arabia could balance the inexperience of young teachers. that "nobody listens to me anymore ...." reply by escalating their own military prepa­ FC: It is a popular belief that the way And the young people find that what they rations. Ground radar provides Iran an alter­ people were treated as children influences have to say is fascinating. native. Granted, not all these considerations the way they treat older people. Do you FC: It's so important for children to sense agree? are of equal merit. But in the 30 days which the treasure of memory, both personal and the law gives Congress to block proposed Dr. Mead: There is a story that I like national. abo11t a father bird who was carrvtng a little sales, the administration has not satisfac­ Dr. Mead: Another thing we a.re doing with bird in its beak over the river. The little bird torily answered the questions that overhang was completely in the power of the father students is to tell them to write an auto­ this transaction. Said the President on bird. The older bird said, "My son, when I biography for their as-yet-unborn grand­ May 19: "The burden of persuasion will be am old, will you care for me?" children. What would you like your grand­ son or granddaughter to know about you? on those who favor a particular arms sale, The little bird said. "No, father, but I will Thinking like this gives young people a new rather than those who oppose it." care for my children the way you have cared for me." perspective about the future : They begin to Senate Majority Leader Robert Byrd of­ realize that someday they themselves will be fered the administration a gracious escape The story shows something of the wav af­ old. from a collision with Congress. Citing the fection is passed down through the genera­ press of Senate business and the non-urgency tions. But it also reveal.~ a fear of agina In My mother was very fond of Robert this country, some peoole start being mt~er­ Browning. She used to quote these lines from of the AWACS sale, he sugl?'ested that the able about growing old while they are still Rabbi Ben Ezra. They are favorites of mine: President wait awhile. But Mr. Carter said you:r:ig. not even middle-aged. Tt>ey buy cos­ Grow old along with me! no. So a. bruising battle is coming. Conserva­ ~eJ~C: a~~ clothes that promise them a The best is yet to be. tives as well as liberals are aroused. For the 100 The last of life, for which sale to be blocked, both houses must disap­ A concommitance to the fear of aging is a the first was mpe with several energy ex­ ent with our continuing programs such as more proliferation-resistant or find other perts and leaders, I have come to the op­ Clinch River which give momentum to com­ alternatives that would satisfy our collective posite conclusion on what will destroy our mercialization of the breeder." It seems much energy and national security concerns. I am r.redibility. It is my belief that attemoting more rational to decide on whether or not encouraged by the initial responses of the to place conditions on the fuel processed for to commercialize, if need be, after we have countries which have been inVited to join other co1lntries and at the same time stop­ developed it as an alternative, not before. the Evaluation Program. This effort was one ping work on the liquid metal breeder tecb- 25346 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1977 nology, calls our motives into question. We physical protection risks and that we have working with the Secretary as the spe­ may have limited alternatives such as coal; time to do so. This would also be a key ele­ cific details of the plan are developed. but to seek to keep others from developing ment in the International Nuclear Fuel Cy­ ways to better utilize human resources in cle Evaluation. those countries where they are short of nat­ With specific reference to the Clinch River ural resources, is not viewed as cooperation. Breeder Research Project, the President's de­ THE PRICE OF COMMUNISM It is isolation. cision refiected his belief the. t asking other Your strong comments lead me to be­ nations to pause and reassess fue1· cycle al­ lieve that this issue is not being viewed as ternatives is not consistent with our contin­ HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL a traditional diplomatic initiative, but is uing programs such a.s Ciinch River which OF ILLINOIS basically driven by fear of proliferation on give momentum to the commercialization the part of the breeder. To my mind a of the breeder. It also reflected his convic­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES greater danger, lack of international coop­ tion that Clinch River is unnecessary for the Wednesday, July 27, 1977 eration, lack of common trust and willing­ maintenance of the U.S. nuclear research ness to continue programs which may de­ and development program. I should empha­ Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, two arti­ velop alternative technologies which wlll not size th·at the decision to defer indefinitely cles in today's Washington Post should proliferate has not been adequately weighed domestic commercial reprocessing and to re­ be posted in the offices of every Member as part of this decision. structure the breeder program does not fore­ of this House. I refer to "The Tragedy Sincerely, close the option in the future of some form OLINE. TEAGUE, Chairman. of Cambodia" and "Jailings, Killings in of fuel recycle or breeders, if it is necessary Vietnam Recounted," two pieces giving that we enter a. breeder economy. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Fina.Uy, concerning your assertion that our us an idea of the unspeakable horror that Washington, D.C., July 13, 1977. non-proliferation strategy is based on a pol­ is now being visited upon the people of Mr. OUN E. TEAGUE, icy of isolation and that we are not prepared Cambodia and South Vietnam. Chairman, Committee on Science and Tech­ to cooperate with other nations to develop I say that these articles should be nology, House of Representatives. more proliferation resistant nuclear technol­ placed in prominent places because it DFAR MR. TEAGUE: The Secretary has asked ogies, on the contrary, this is precisely the me to respond to your letter of June 20 con­ seems to me that there are many Mem­ objective of the President's proposed Inter­ bers who eloquently denounced Ameri­ cerning the Administration position on the national Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation. We Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project. fully appreciate that our example alone wlll can efforts to save Vietnam from commu­ I should 11-::-st like to address myself to no'; suffice to achieve our non-proliferation nism and who scoffed at the idea that what I believe is your principal point name­ a bloodbath would follow Communist ly, that the President's new non-prolifera­ goals, nor do we have the leverage to coerce tion policy has the effect of denying to other other nations to· follow our policy. Close co­ takeover of Southeast Asia. How moral­ nations with fewer national energy resources operation is the only answer. istic t):lese critics were. How they mocked than the United States the full peaceful Sincerely, those of us who warned that nothing benefits of the a.tom. This is not the case. DOUGLAS J. BENNET, Jr., could be worse than a Communist vic­ The President has ma.de it clear that we re­ Assistant Secretary for Congressional tory. How they applauded each other and main fully committed to the use of nuclear Relations. how very nicely they were treated by energy at home and to peaceful cooperation the media. abroad. At the same time, however, we must But now we know the truth. In Cam­ be concerned about the proliferation risks PLAN TO REORGANIZE THE OFFICE inherent in the next generation of nuclear bodia there is barbarism so awful, so power development, particularly commercial OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT widespread, so evil that it is all but in­ repr.ocessing techniaues which produce pure credible; in Vietnam the slow, day-by­ plutonium in weapons-usable form and day annihilation of entire classes, the which would all but render ineffective the HON. IKE F. ANDREWS OF NORTH CAROLIN A long agony of reeducation camps, the current international safeguards svstem. bloody and predictable aftermath of Al?ainst this backgro11nd, we fully appre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ciate the need to consider the elements of Communist victory. the problem raised in your letter: the energy Wednesday, July 27, 1977 Where are those voices of compassion resource shortages of many of the countries Mr. ANDREWS of North Carolina. Mr. and concern today, Mr. Speaker? Where with which we cooperate in the nuclear Speaker, a long-awaited announcement are those whose savage contempt for our field : the need for assured enric:Qment serv­ Nation's attempt to save these people tces for our allles: and the on-going foreign was made yesterday by the Secretary of breeder research programs. the Department of Health, Education, from communism echoed through these With regard to the first two, a kev element and Welfare that a preliminary plan to chambers? Not a sound. Not a sound, Mr. of the President's new policy is to develop reorganize the Office of Human Develop­ Speaker. bilateral and multilateral arrangements ment has been drafted. The plan would Well, they have what they wanted. which would ensure our being able to pro­ consolidate 18 program areas and 5 of­ They have "peace". It is a peace of mur­ vide an assured supply of non-sensitive nu­ fices into 5 streamlined "Administra­ der and terror and torture and concen­ clear fuels and enrichment services on a tions" and four offices. The effect of this tration camps. Where are the peace timely, reliable, and economic basis. In this action should mean improved services for marchers now? Where are the demon­ regard, we have proposed the expansion of strators? Where are the congressional U.S. enrichment capacity. In addltion, we are children, families, the aged, and the exploring multilateral arrangements de­ handicapped. voices that only such a short time ago signed to substantiate guarantees to con­ The plan is part of a major reorga­ brought such national attention to sumers by fuel suppliers backing up each nization to make the largest Federal De­ themselves with their selective pity and other's fuel contracts as well as to assure ac­ partment more effective and efficient. In their part-time indignation over human cess to fuel supply by reactor exporters hav­ her statement yesterday, Ms. Arabella suffering? ing no indigenous fuel resources, and wider Martinez, Assistant Secretary for the Of­ These articles cannot be ignored. international arrangements which might fice of Human Development, while point­ There is a stain on this House, a stain serve as a contingency reserve for other sup­ of things unspoken, of condemnations ply arrangements. All of these possib111ties ing out the difficulties of coordinating will be examined in the International Nu­ the numerous and overlapping programs unmade. Until we hear the full outcry of clear Fuel Cycle Evaluation, called for by the she administers, said that "the disorga­ the self-appointed compassion crowd President in bis April 7 Nuclear Power Pol­ nized way in which services are provided against the mind-boggling genocide and icy Statement.. is itself a serious social problem." The atrocities taking place in Southeast Asia Our position, with respect to the breeder, steps outlined by Secretary Califano are today we can only conclude that when it recognizes that foreign nations without our a part of the President's overall commit­ comes to compassion, you can get a lot fossil fuel and natural uranium resources ment to streamlining the Federal bu­ of it so long as you are not a victim of are strongly wedded to the belief that the reaucracy and improving the delivery of Communist tyranny. plutonium breeder is needed at an early date At this point I would like to place in to achieve energy independence. Contrary to services. some reports, we have not told others to stop During the next several months, Mem­ the RECORD the two articles I mentioned breeder R&D. We ourselves are continuing bers of Congress will have an opportu­ above: breeder development and the current ERDA nity to comment on the reorganization [From the Washington Post, July 27, 1977] budget contains some $483 million for breed­ plan in detail and provide constructive HUNGER, DISEASE AND DEATH-THE TRAGEDY er research. What we are saying to tbese na­ OF CAMBODIA tions ls that we believe that, before moving suggestions to the Secretary. I applaud prematurely into a plutonium economy, we the broad outlines of the plan and the (By Murrey Marder) have the responsibUity to examine fuel cycle improved services that should result if Carter administration officials yesterday alternatives that minimize proliferation and it is implemented, and I look forward to blamed Cambodla's Communist rulers for July 27, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25347 one of the world's worst continuing tragedies there were angry exchanges between Solarz far, he said, was authorization for a private of disease and hunger, after a surge of politi­ and a private Indochina specialist, Gareth organization to send DDT insecticide to cal executions following the American de­ Porter. Cambodia for malaria control. parture in April, 1975. Porter charged that the subcommittee was Cambodian authorities, Holbrooke noted, "Most reports are that executions con­ ignoring the American record in Cambodia. "claim that only two or three thousand died tinue," but "the number who died from He said it was " a myth" that " l-to-2 million during the evacuation of Phnom Penh after disease or malnutrition is greater than Cambodians have been the victims of a re­ the Khmer Communist takeover and as many [from) executions," said the U.S. Foreign gime led by genocidal maniacs." Porter again during the first months in the country­ Service's chief Cambodian watcher, Charles claimed that an unsubstantiated "blood side." H. Twining Jr., 35. bath" version of Cambodia was nourished by Ieng Sary, Cambodia's deputy premier in Twining, just returned from Bangkok, a Reader's Digest book, "Murder of a Gentle charge of foreign affairs, told an Italian in­ Thailand, and Assistant Secretary of State Land," by John Barron and Anthony Paul, terviewer in a report published last May that Richard C. Holbrooke told a House Inter­ and another study by a French priest, Fran­ "the Khmer revolution has no precedents." national Relations subcommittee headed by cois Ponchaud, "Cambodge, Annee Zero" He said the country was being reconstituted Rep. Donald Fraser (D-Minn.) that it is im­ ("Cambodia, Year Zero" ). on an agricultural basis, with its cities re­ possible to give any "precise figure," or even Twining's te3timony yesterday, unlike those duced " to human dimensions" but "it ls still an accurate estimate, on the deaths in two accounts, avoided all countrywide num­ too early to announce what we are doing in Cambodia. bers. Twining stressed that accounts from our country." Some "journalists and scholars," Holbrooke Cambodian refugees, the core of information Those who claim that Cambodia has ex­ said, "guess that between half a million and on present-day Cambodia, are largely limited ecuted hundreds of thousands of people, he 1.2 million have died since 1975." The only to one section of the small nation, the north­ said, "are crazy. Only hardened criminals thing officials can say with confidence, Hol­ west, and come from refugees reaching Thai­ have been sentenced." brooke said, is that "the number of deaths land. Subcommittee Chairman Fraser, at the appears to be in the tens if not hundreds of Therefore, Twining said, "we can't even close of yesterday's hearing, alluding to U.S. thousands." estimate how many have been executed." policy toward Cambodia during the Indo­ Some published accounts attribute the dis­ However, Twining testified, that after sys­ china war, which he opposed, said he cannot puted estimate of 1.2 million or more deaths tematic killings in 1975 of Cambodians asso­ agree that the past record "now disables us to " American embassy sources." Twining dis­ ciated with the Lon Nol government in early from speaking out." claimed that estimate in talking with re­ 1976 killings began of "all other intellec­ Rep. Michael Harrington (D-Mass.), porters, as do other U.S. officials. No figures tuals." said he wished the hearing had recorded on Cambodia "are worth very much," said Twining said "an intellectual was anyone "comparatively greater concern" about the Holbrooke. Cambodia's population is simi­ who had a · seventh-grade education or Cambodian history in which "we were di­ larly disputed; figures range from 5 million above." When asked if that was documented, rectly involved," Holbrooke said, "I share to 7.7 million. Twining said "this was my own deduction," your feelings about that policy," but, he said, Nevertheless, Holbrooke said, "Based on all based on interviews with hundreds of re­ " We cannot let it be said that by our silence the evidence available to us, we have con­ fugees. we acquiesce in the tragic events in cluded that Cambodian authorities have After the initial killings by shooting, he Cambodia." flagrantly and systematically violated the said, the most common method of execution A dissent in defense of the Nixon admin­ most basic human rights." "was to hit the people on the back of the istration record came from Republican Ed­ "They have ordered or permitted extensive head with a hoe handle or an axe handle," as ward J . Derwinski (Ill.) . He said, "I think our killings," he said, "forcibly relocated the though to save ammunition. motives were good, our actions and policies urban population; brutally treated support­ Twining said "I have never heard of one basically sound." The fault, he maintained, ers of the previous government, and sup­ trial" in Communist-ruled Cambodia. As one was the refusal by Congress to sustain a con­ pressed personal and political freedoms." example of the death toll, he said that in a tinuing American role in Cambodia. Holbrooke said that "my guess . . . is that village of 1,200 persons, during one year there The only prospect that Holbrooke held out for every person executed, several have died were 15 "military types taken away and pre­ for U .S. action involving Cambodia "ls to of disease or malnutrition or other factors, sumably executed," about an equal number continue our assistance to refugees who have which were avoidable if the government it­ of civilians similarly removed; "perhaps 50 fled Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia." self had not followed the kind of policy ... older people died of disease," and 80 chil­ However, he acknowledged that plans to which seeks to completely transform a dren died of disease or malnutrition. admit an additional 15.000 Indochinese ref­ society by applying purely draconian Twining emphasized that "our knowledge ugees to the United States would bring in measures." is so superficial," however, about the govern­ only about 750 Cambodian refu~ees . The cri­ After hearing the witnesses, the subcom­ ment of Cambodia. "Khmer Rouge on a local teria give higher priority to Vietnamese ref­ mittee approved a resolution for House level," he said "admit they don't know who ugees. action deploring "the continuing disregard is in charge." Twining said there are about 11 ,000 Cam­ for basic human rights, including atrocities There is an "inner circle" politburo of five bodian refugees in Thailand. The fl.ow of and killings, of the Cambodian people by memb~rs, Twining said, but the head of state, refugees has been sharply reduced, he said, the government of Democratic Kampuchea." Khieu Samphan. is not in that innner group, by a "scorched earth policy" on the Cam­ The resolution calls on President Carter to but in an "outer ctrcle" of another five of­ bodian side of the border, which includes cooperate with other nations, through such minefields. forums as the United Nations to end "flagrant ficials. The leader of the inner group is be­ _lieved to be Saloth Sar. secretary general of Only about one out of five persons who violations of internationally recognized hu­ tries to flee Cambodia to Thailand, Twining man rights" in Cambodia. the Cambodian Communist Party, whose ex­ istence is not admitted. said, survives the escape. Bv contrast. he said, Deleted from the resolution, as it was origi­ many Cambodians flee across the less-guard­ nally introduced by Rep. Stephen J. Solarz An earlier witness told the subcommittee that Pol Pot, the identified premier of Cam­ ed border to Vietnam. and he said "generally (D-N.Y.), was any reference to the major thev are being well-treated." Vietnam and U .S . involvement in Cambodia during the bodia, is believe to be a pseudonym for Sa­ loth Sar. Cambodia. Holbrooke noted, have "400 years Indochina war, which was barely alluded to of hostility." in the hearing. Cambodia lacks a school system as such, Twining said. although it appears to have In its original form, the resolution said, JAILINGS, KILLINGS IN VIETNAM RECOUNTED "The United States must recognize its re­ some technical schools." The nation is also sponsibility as a contributor to the disastrous said to have no monev system. (By Don Oberdorfer) events which have taken place in Cam­ Diplomatic missions in Cambodia are The only Vietnamese national assembly­ bodia . . . " limited to China, Cuba, Albania. North Ko­ man to serve under both the Amerlcan­ Former President Nixon's decision to send rea, Vietnam, Laos. Romania. Yugoslayia and, backed government and the victorious Com­ U.S. troops into Cambodia in April, 1970, to one non-Communist nation. Egypt. Twining munist regime testified yesterday that 700 attack North Vietnamese troops, after Cam­ said that diplomats are severely restricted in persons have been executed and more than bodia's ruler Prince Norodom Sihanouk was the capital, Phnom Penh, except for the 6,000 imprisoned in his home province alone overthrown by a coup, provoked an American Chinese, the strongest foreign presence in since the fall of Saigon. uproar. There were protests and defections Cambodia. The former parliamentarian, Nguyen inside the federal bureaucracy, and violent Cambodia's rulers arP. so determined to Cong Hoan. told the House International demonstrations swept college campuses, with isolate themselyes. Holbrooke noted. that Relations Subcommittee on International the slaying of students by National Guards­ they recently rejected an interest-free loan Organizations that he obtained that infor­ men at Ohio's Kent State University. from the Organization of Petroleum Export­ mation from friends and relatives and from In the subsequent spread of warfare across ing Countries. sources available to him as a government of­ Cambodia, the American-backed government Although no direct mention was made in ficial. of Cambodian Premier Lon Nol was over­ the hearing that Cambodia's rulers list the Hoan fled the country late in March in a whelmed by suddenly expanded Khmer Rouge United States as their No. 1 enemy, Hol­ fishing boat and took refuge in Japan. He forces, who now rule Cambodia. brooke told the subcommittee there is vir­ was permitted to enter the United States This history was passed over in yesterday's tually no prospect that the United States can last weekend, after the House subcommittee hearing except for fleeting allusion to it. In influence Cambodia. request ed his testimony, and hopes to re­ a. hearing before the subcommittee last Ma.y, The only indirect U.S. action permitted so main here as a refugee. 25348 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1977 Roan, speaking through an interpreter, said On October 7-10, Columbus Day targets is to be mated to the aging B-52 as there are seven camps for political prisoners weekend, members of the Knights of the flying leg of n. triad which may soon be in his home province of Phu Yen, which is Columbus and others will be giving spe­ rendered obsolete by breakthroughs in Rus­ about halfway up the Viet::iamese coast be­ cially prepared packages of Tootsie sia n defense technology. tween Saigon and Danang. He said that What then has the Carter Administration some claim to be "re-education camps" but Rolls to individuals in return for dona­ revealed of itself by the B-1 decision? actually are prisons for those who served the tions for the mentally r etarded. All of It has signaled clearly t!lat our persistent old regime or are otherwise deemed unre­ the proceeds for this worthwhile under­ underestimation of the threat will continue; liable. taking will be donated to local associa­ that our p u rsuit of peace and secu rity will One of the prisons, he said, houses about tions for the mentally retarded through­ continue to be premised on the strange 1,000 persons who fled Vietnam in U.S.-spon­ out Maryland. n otion that if we can but assuage Russian sored evacuation on April 1, 1975, but who I know my colleagues in the House f ear of the United States by self-imposed were repatriated from Guam late that year would want to join me in commending restra int, we may soll\e day induce like at their own request. behavior on the part of the Russians; and, About 500 persons were executed in the the Maryland Knights of Columbus for that the defense of the free world will not be immediate aftermath of the Communist vic­ their fine work and in extending best premised on the oldest lesson of history­ tory, Hoan testified, and about 200 have been wishes for another successful Tootsie namely, that to prevail in peace, one must killed since. After the hearing, he told re­ Roll campaign. have the m eans to prevail in war. porters that a principal source of his infor­ And finally, the one nation upon which the mation was the former Communist Party peace and security of the free world must military chief in the province, who has since depend has apparently opted for a con­ been deposed. CANCELLATION OF THE B- 1 A tinuing commitment to unilateral dis­ An anti-government deputy who was close SERIOUS MISTAKE armament. Are the Russians now to judge to the Buddhist political movement during that they are free to pursue their hegemonic the regime of President Nguyen Van Thieu, interests against the cause of human rights Roan was elected to the unified Vietnamese and freedom with less fear of United States assembly after the takeover and served for HON. SAMUEL L. DEVINE intervention? about a year. He testified that he was select.ed OF OHIO Strategically, the United States is elim­ to run for the unified assembly by a local IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES inating the most survivable element of the Communist comittee, although he said he strategic triad-and the only one which has was not a party member. Wednesdav, July 27, 1977 utility for non-nuclear warfare. Unless the In fleeing Vietnam he left behind his Mr. DEVINE. Mr. Speaker, unfortu­ cruise missile is mated to a manned bomber mother, wife and four children. He said he which itself can penetrate the most decided to leave the country despite hardship nately, President Carter received and sophist icated of defenses, its utility shall be to himself and his fam\ly, in order to bring accepted bad advice which motivated his restricted to preprogramed retaliatory routes out the story of what is happening. decision to shoot down the B-1 bomber. and targets-thus contributing little to a At several points during his questioning, Not only does this decision do violence far more likely range of real world conflict Roan disavowed prepared remarks in Eng­ to our traditional posture of peace operations. lish that were read for him to the committee. through strength, but the President re­ A remarkable body of evidence, which this One statement, he said, had been based on ceived nothing in return from the Soviet Administration has chosen to ignore, makes press reports in a Vietnamese language news­ Union as it relates to the SALT talks, it clear that the Russians, with their high­ paper in the United States and not on his energy beam research. hope to neutralize the own knowledge. detente, human rights, or any other con­ intercontinental ballistic missile before the Hoan said in his prepared statement that cessions. To compound this strategic er­ end of the next decade. he heard "news" about Americans missing ror, the President also put the lid on Similarly, the Russians have every expecta­ in action while he was in Hanoi to attend Minuteman III, as well as SRAM. tion of soon rendering the oceans trans­ the legislature. In answers to questions, how­ Displacement and wide unemployment, parent and neutralizing the large submarine ever, he said he heard "some rumors" on the breaking up teams of experts in Rockwell through remarkable advances in antisub­ subJect, but declined to divulge any data in plants, not only in my district, but on marine technology. Yet we are proceeding public session. willy-nilly to put all of our deterrent eg~s in After two years under the Communist re­ the west coast, does irrep2 rable harm, not only to the defense industry, but cre­ fewer and fewer large underwater baskets. gime, most Vietnamese realize they have Despite credible evidence that Russian much less individual freedom than before, ates massive unemployment which is un­ w ar survival, military hardening and civil Roan maintained. In his province, he said, wise and unnecessary. defense measures have proceeded far beyond "every family" has some relatives in prison Former Chief of Air Force Intelligence, what our politicized estimates concede, the camps. George J. Keegan, Jr., recently pub­ Carter Administration has refused to face the lished a column titled, "How to Keep reality. Our strategic missile forces lack the the Russians Away," and I invite all accuracies and yields necessary to overcome TOOTSIE ROLL CAMPAIGN Members and others to read it: the marked survivability advantages which the Russians must now perceive they en­ How To KEEP THE RUSSIANS AWAY joy. Again. the B-1 and the stationary ver­ HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON (By George J . Keegan, Jr.) sion of the MX missile alone are competent OF MARYLAND WASHINGTON.-By its decision to cancel to deny the Russians such advantage and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES production of the B- 1 bomber, the Carter to redress the shocking 40-to-1 fatality ex­ Administration has resolved all doubt about change ratios which I believe the Russians Wednesday, July 27, 1977 its perception of the Russian threat, and the would now enjoy in a nuclear war. character of its approach to peace and Yet we seem unconcerned that the Rus­ Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, I would security. sians are planning soon to test more than a like to take this opportunity to give rec­ The decision leaves little room for con­ dozen new strategic missiles and to double ognition to the outstanding work of the fidence and casts a pall over the future. the production capacity for their own version Maryland State Council of the Knights Unfortunately, we are observing a repetition of the B-1 bomber of which more than 200 of Columbus in raising funds for serv­ of the ignoble military unpreparedness of the are now ooerational. ices to assist the mentally retarded and 1930's. Practica.lly, the B-1 has the potential of to increase the public's awareness cf Despite the Soviet Union·s commitment to being the most effective antinaval weapon mental retardation and the valuable superior war-waging capability, defense in history. Some 40 to 50 B-l's, armed with spending more than double that of the suitable conventional warheads and guided contributions mentally retarded citizens United States, and an imperial expans ive­ weapons, could probably sink the entire Rus­ are making to our society each day. ness of unprecedented scope-it appears that sian and Eac;t European fleets of major sur­ For the third consecutive year, the factors of domestic politics, budget and face war ships within 24 to 36 hours, day or Mar:vland Knights of Columbus will be illusory hopefulness shall prevail over legiti­ night and in any kind of weather-a feat conducting their "Tootsie Roll Cam­ mate needs of national security. which today could not be accomplished by paign" to raise funds for the mentally It seems not to have occurred to our all of the free world's naval forces operating retarded. In 1975, $6,000 was donated leaders that the B- 1 might also have to be over a period of years. from this oroITT"am and last :vear $13.000 used in a nonnuclear capacit y to help secure Meanwhile, the United States Navy has was raised. This year's goal is $25.000 the world's sea lanes and as a crisis resp o n ~ e been cut in half and the Russians allowed weapon of remarkable r esponsiveness, preci­ to seek virtually uncontested domination and all of us are certainlv hopeful that sion and survivability. Instead, we are told over the free world's ocean access to fuel the public again responds to the pro­ that an untested crui"5e missile requiring and raw materials, and the ability to rein­ gram and the goal is achieved. elaborate preprogramming against known force threatened overseas theaters. The B-1, July 27, 197"7 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25349 but for a pittance, might allow us to redress example, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 would substantially increase election day decisively the naval balance which has long and its amendments have eliminated turnout would almost invariably help Demo­ been the key to this nation's ability to ex­ literacy tests and residency requirements cratic candidates. An analysis of presidential port, import and reinforce by sea-thus eas­ election data confirms this would have been ing the Navy's complex burden of coping for voting in Presidential elections, and the case last year. lowered the voting age to 18 in Federal with the submarine threat. In the popular vote last year, Carter de­ One wonders about the intelligence ad­ elections-the 26th amendment to the feated Gerald Ford by just over two percent­ visories which counsel more restraint as a Federal Constitution eventually accom­ age points. However, had everyone 18 years suitable response to the Russian threat. Also, plished this for all elections. The Over­ of age and older turned out at the polls, one must ask who has counseled the Presi­ sea3 Voting Rights Act of 1975 assured Carter would have won by just over five per­ dent against concern for Russian develop­ American citizens living outside the centage points-a result that would have ments in antisubmarine warfare, particle­ Uniteeir inability to cho:lse their sultation will consist of a: election Gallup Polls conducted after each of care givers if they desire the services of a a. review of the woman's chart/ records the last three presidential elections have Nurse-Midwife. I am receiving, at ttoe rate of b. evalu9.tion of those nortions of the phys­ shown, in each instance, that lnab111ty to two to three callc; per week, requests from ical examination requested by the Midwife register is the reason cited most often by women who want Nurse-Midwives to provide and/ or those portions that the physician those who did not vote. their care. Since we are not recogni?ed by deems appropriate. Supporters also point out that, whtle there third-party payers as reimbursable providers, c. verification in writing that progress has been no evidence of fraud, in the two women who demand our care must pay out­ of/ and plan for the woman is satisfactory states which already have a similar registra­ of-pocket for our services. Further, women d. recommendations as appropriate. tion law-Minnesota and Wlr.;consln-voter who are medicaid carriers in New Jersey turnout increased two to three percentage must be referred to physicians for care. B. Intrapartum points between 1972 and 1976, while the Currently several New Jersey physicians 1. Under medical direction the Midwife national figure was declining three per­ have expresc;ed interest in working with will manage the care of the basically normal centage points. Nurse-Midwives but cannot do so since nei­ pregnant woman. The Midwife will support The findings reported today are based on ther Medicaid nor insurance carriers will re­ personal interviews with 1 ,550 adults, 18 and imburse the group for services provided by the • Orders written according to guidelines of older, in more than 300 scientifically selected Nurse-Midwife. the American College of Nurse-Midwives and localities during the period. I would hope your blll would reflect: approved by the Medical Director. July 27, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25351 medically/obstetrically complicated pregnant 39 per thousand live births, among the high­ MINIMUM WAGE FOLLY women who are under medical management. est in the nation. But thanks to far-reaching 2. Intrapartal Management nurse-midwife programs pioneered by the and physical findings including pertinent University of Mississippi Medical Center, medical, obstetrical and social information pregnant women in a score of Southern HON. ELDON RUDD a. reviews and updates the woman's history communities are now getting first-rate OF ARIZONA b. evaluates the progress of labor and as­ care-end their babies are being born alive IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sesses maternal and fetal well being and healthy. c. orders analgesia in accordance with Ap­ Nurse-midwives in the U.S. bear little Wednesday, July 27, 1977 proved CNM Orders, woman's preference and resemblance to the traditional "granny" status midwife; beginning in 1925 with the Fron­ Mr. RUDD. Mr. Speaker, a most re­ d. consults physician when labor, or tier Nursing Service in Appalachia, they cent economic analysis of the adminis­ maternal fetal well being deviates from have been registered nurses with specific tration's proposed increase in the Fed­ normal intensive training in obstetrics. In exchange eral minimum wage--from $2.30 an hour e. provides ongoing emotional support to for a commitment to practice in the rural to $2. 73 an hour in 1978-indicates that the woman and her family South for at least a year, the nurses in the this legislation will in:::rease unemploy­ f. manages and controls the delivery of the Mississippi program receive free tuition. As ment among marginal workers by about newborn part of her year-long training, each nurse is 1 million. g. administers pudenda! and/or local apprenticed to a graduate nurse-midwife anesthesia as indicated and follows the entire course of at least one This means that 1 million people who h. performs and repairs episiotomy as pregnancy, from the first prenatal clinic can least afford to lose their jobs will be indicated visits to postnatal calls in the home. laid off if this proposal is passed into i. evaluates and manages the Third and NUTRITION law by the Congress. Fourth Stages of Labor The key feature of the HEW-funded Mis­ It is also estimated that this mini­ j. performs initial screening of newborn k. initiates emergency procedures to re­ sissippi program is extended care, starting as mum wage increase will increase labor suscitate the newborn until physician arrives soon as a woman suspects she is pregnant costs by about 2.5 percent for all busi­ and continuing through delivery and into I. consults physician when deviations from nesses nationwide, and 2.8 percent for normal occur the baby's first year of life. In Holmes Coun­ small businesses, which will also mean m. records and reports the birth. ty, Miss., a largely black farming area, six midwives counsel 40 prenatal patients every increased consumer costs for all our C. Postpartum clinic day, as well as 50 women seeking people. 1. Under medical direction the Midwife family-planning services. At the three mid­ The study done by Dr. Jack Carlson, will manage the care of the basically normal wife clinics, the expectant mothers are given chief economist for the U.S. Chamber of puerperal woman. She/ he evaluates and medical care and supplementary food, and Commerce, estimates that my own State manages the care of the woman from the also instruction in basic physiology, hygiene of Arizona will be hard hit by this mini­ initial puerperal period through the 4th to and nutrition. One woman learned for the 6th week postpartal examination. first time that the candy, Cokes and fried mum wage increase, owing to the large 2. Postpartum Management foods she loved were contributing to her amount of teenage and other marginal a. reviews and updates the woman's history obesity. employment in the State. and physical findings including pertinent The nurse-midwives regularly deal with Under the administration's proposal: medical, obstetrical and social information problems of malnutrition and poor sanita­ Arizona will lose about 11,000 jobs and b. assesses, evaluates and records the phys- tion. Just as important, they free the coun­ would suffer a 2.4-percent increase in ical and psychological changes during the ty's seven busy physician's to concentrate on labor costs for all businesses. Labor costs puerperium high-risk pregnancies-women with diabetes, for small businesses throughout the c. orders medications in accordance with heart and kidney ailments, hypertension or Approved CNM Orders a history pregnancy complications. "It's a State would increase 3 percent, and con­ d. provides ongoing emotional support to life-saver for us," says Holmes County's Dr. sumer costs would increase about 1.6 the woman and her family Charles Campbell. "I guess the midwives percent across the board. e. provides counseling and teaching appro­ even see the high-risk patients more than we This increased inflation from bad priate to needs do. If s~mething's wrong, they hustle them minimum wage legislation is unneces­ f. refers the woman to appropriate health back to us or hospitalize them-when we and social agencies as indicated sary, and should be a voided. Who in wouldn't see them before the next omce visit. their right mind can argue that the pub­ g. consults physician when deviations from CONFIDENCE normal occur. lic will benefit from higher unemploy­ Patients are encouraged to have their ba­ ment and higher consumer costs and D. Family planning/interconceptional care bies without medication. "Letting the woman 1. Under medical direction the Midwife know she can use her own resources is the labor costs that will eliminate the in­ will manage the care of the basically normal best way," says Freda Bush, associate direc­ creased wage benefits? Congress should woman seeking family planning, preventive tor of nurse-midwifery programs at the Uni­ not pass this proposal. health maintenance and education. versity of Mississippi. "Sure, it's uncomfort­ An excellent editorial against the ad­ 2. Family Planning Management able, but it doesn't have to be nightmarish. ministration's proposed minimum wage a. assesses the woman's medical, obstetri­ We teach our students to build the mother's increase appeared yesterday in the cal, gynecologic and social history confidence." The midwife remains with the Phoenix Gazette. I would like to in­ b. performs a physical assessment, in­ mother throughout labor and until at least clude that editorial and the complete cluding gynecologic screening an hour after delivery. Midwives perform economic analysis of the U.S. Chamber c. provide family planning information their deliveries in hospitals, with physicians of Commerce at this point in the RECORD: d. initiates contraceptive method of and emergency equipment nearby in case of complications. Within a week after the [From the Phoenix Gazette, July 26, 1977] choice, if not medically contraindicated MINIMUM WAGE FOLLY e. orders medication as specified in Ap­ mother and baby have left the hospital, they proved CNM Orders receive a home visit from the midwife, fol­ Teen-age unemployment, a major socio­ f. provides counseling and teaching ap­ lowed by additional visits at six weeks, six economic U.S. problem, is destined to become propriate to needs months and one year. more severe when the minimum wage in­ creases. g. refers the woman to appropriate health Nurse-midwives have cut the Holmes and social agencies as indicated County rate of abnormal pregnancies from Under compromise legislation now in Con­ 50 percent to 15, partly because of the con­ gress, the minimum would be raised from h. consults physician when deviations $2.30 an hour to $2.65 next January and from normal are found. fidence they inspire. "Except for my last thereafter set by a formula fixed to a per­ baby, I had all of them at home," says Lula centage of the average manufacturing wage. [From Newsweek, Sept. 1, 1975) Turner, a 43-year-old mother of eleven chil­ Estimates put the minimum at $3.15 an MODERN MIDWIVES dren. "Some of them alone, just me. When hour by 1980. For women living in the poorest parts of that midwife came the last time, I knew I Historically, each increase in the minimum the rural South, having babies has always didn't have anything to worry about--it was wage has been accompanied by an increase been a hazardous business. With no access so much better having her there holding my in teen-age unemployment. The increases to skilled obstetrical care or even basic in­ hand." Since the birth of her eleventh child have been disproportionately high for minor­ formation, routine problems of pregnancy four years ago, Turner has taken a new job, ity youths. Unemployment in this age group often develop into serious medical crises, as· a maternal child-health worker assisting means more crime and a greater burden on resulting in an infant mortality rate of the midwives. the criminal justice system. CXXIll--1596-Part 20 July 27, 1977 25352 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS adult workers; and 200 adult minority fe· When the effects of the increases became FEDERAL MINIMUM WAGE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE STATE OF ARIZONA . males. apparent, thoughtful economists and con­ Arizona would also experience a 4 .6 % in· An increase in the minimum wage is not gressmen urged a lower minimum wage for crease in labor costs for all businesses; 5.8% like an increase in welfare payments. Wages youthful employes. This proposal has always increase for small businesses; and 3.1 % in­ drawn the tired reply that employers would are paid on the basis of the value of the work­ crease in consumer prices. Of those workers fire fathers and hire sons so as to save money. er's contribution to a product or a service still employed and at or near the minimum Des:_:>ite the absurdity of the claim, Labor that a consumer is willing and able to pur­ wa ge, only about one-half would be from chase. Consequently, government-directed Secretary Ray Marshall has parroted it. He households receiving low incomes.~ Increases said the administration considered and re­ increases in wages make it less attractive for in the minimum wage is an undesirable and jected proposals for a lower minimum wage business to hire inexperienced or less skilled cruel way to help a few households increase for teen-agers. There are proposals in Con­ workers. Rather, they shift to machines or low incomes. gress to establish a special minimum wage at higher skilled workers or less output in order The Administration proposed a more 75 per cent of the regular level for those to satisfy American consumers. As a result, reasonable increase in the Federal minimum under 18, and for a reduced level for those these workers become discouraged and can wage from $2.30 to $2.73 an hour in 1978 with under 21 for their first six months on a job. not find jobs now, or often in the future. automatic and inflationary adjustments to This is a key reason why participation in the "A separate minimum wage for youth maintain 50% of average manufacturing would only encourage employers to lay off labor force. and unemployment rates remain wages. However, even this seemingly moder· adults with families to support and hire unsatisfactory even during good times and ate increase would cause labor costs to in­ teen-agers at the lower wage rate," Marshall why high cost and less useful public sector crease by 2 .5 % for all businesses and 2.8 % said. "That clearly would cause more prob­ jobs are proposed by the same lawmakers for small businesses, and cause an increase lems than it would solve." that caused the loss of employment by in­ in consumer prices by 1.7% for all Americans. Strangely enough, a lower minimum for creasing the minimum wage in the first place. youngsters in other nat ions does not result Also it would reduce employment by about The AFL-CIO supports an increase in the 1 million. in fire-Dad, hire-lad. In the United King­ minimum wage from $2.30 to over $3.31 an dom, teen-agers enter employment at about Under this proposal, Arizona would lose hour in 1978 with a built-in automatic in­ about 11,000 jobs: 5,300 white teenagers; 300 30 per cent of the adult wage, and in steps flationary increase each year to maintain the reach the adult level when they are 21. In black and other minority teenagers; 2,500 minimum wage at 60 % of manufacturing white male workers ages 20-24; 200 minority West Germany youths enter employment at wages, elimination of the tip credit, and elim­ wages ranging from 60 to 90 per cent of the male workers ages 20-24; and 2 ,500 adult ination of a lower minimum wage for youth male workers (25-64). Labor costs would in­ adult rate. In the Netherlands the youth rate workers. begins at 25 to 30 per cent of the adult rate crease by 2.4% for all businesses, 3 .0 % for Applying the best studies available,1 if the and reaches 100 per cent of the adult rate small businesses, and Arizona consumers reaction to this increase is similar to what by age 20 to 23. would have to pay about 1.6 % higher con· resulted from minimum wage increases in sumer prices.3 All the nations with a youth wage system the past, this proposal could cause the loss By way of contrast, the stimulus program have very low rates of teen-age unemploy­ of at least 2.4 million jobs-over 2 .6 '7r of the ment, and thus fewer socio-economic prob­ recommended by President Carter and passed present civilian labor force; 4 .7 % higher la­ b y the Cong;ress earlier this year will create lems. bor costs for all businesses; 5 .9 % higher labor fewer jobs in Arizona. Marshall has an answer for a teen-age un­ costs for small businesses which would reduce Arizona would be better off without such employment hike: " The increase in the mini­ competition; and 3.1 % higher consumer harI?ful increases in the minimum wage. If mum wage may slightly accentuate the prob­ an increase is enacted it should be more lem of youth unemployment. But it is hap­ prices for all Americans. m~de!'t , not tied to automatic inflationary pening in tandem wit h our far-reaching pro­ The State of Arizona could lose about 25,000 jobs with minorities and teenagers most ad­ ad j ust~ents and recognize the importance gram designed to alleviate these unemploy­ of ret aminr6 a full tip credit and provide a ment problems." versely affected; 1,000 jobs lost for blacks and 25 % youth differential. Translation: Taxpayers will pay the other young male minorities through age 24; youngsters to rake leaves. 18,900 young workers through a~e 24; 5,700 Footnotes at end of article.

IMPACT OF MINIMUM WAGE INCREASE

AFL- CIO bill Adm inistration's proposal AFL- CIO bill Administration's proposal Job Job Job Job loss Labor Consumer loss Labor Consumer loss Labor Consumer loss Labor Consumer (thou- cost pri ce (thou- cost price (thou- cost price (thou- cost price sands) increase increase sands) increase increase sands) increase increase sands) increase increase

Alabama ______42 4. 5 3. 0 18 2. 4 1. 6 Nebraska ______• 21 5. l 3. 4 9 2. 8 1. 9 2 3. 6 2. 4 0 0 4 0 Nevada ______8 4. 7 3. 1 4 2. 6 1. 7 ~~~:!~a ::======25 4. 6 3. l 11 2. 4 1. 6 New Hampsh ire ______11 5. 0 3. 3 5 2. 8 1.9 29 5. 3 3. 5 13 3. 0 2. 0 Ney, Jer~ey . ______74 4. 0 2. 7 26 l. 7 6 1. l Ney, Mexico ______~~M~~~i~-- • :======241 3. 9 2. 6 83 1. 7 ~ 1. l 15 5. 2 3. 5 8 2. 8 l.9 Colorado . ______32 4. 9 3. 3 14 2. 6 1. 7 New York ______165 4. 5 3. 0 72 2. 4 l.6 Connecticut______37 4. 2 2. 8 16 2. 2 l. 5 North Carol ina ______84 4. 7 3. 1 36 2. 6 l. 7 7 4. 0 2. 7 3 North Dakota ______10 2. 2 l. 5 Oh io ______. ______5. 7 3.8 4 3. 2 2. 1 4 3. 0 2. 0 0 0 4 0 115 4. 3 2. 9 50 2. 4 l.6 ~l~rr!~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~==== • 95 4. 9 3. 3 41 2. 6 1. 7 Oklahoma ______30 4. 7 3.1 13 2. 6 1. 7 61 4. 9 3. 3 26 2. 6 l. 7 Ore9t-n .. ______•. ______23 5. l 3. 4 10 2.B 1.9 4. 5 Penn syl van ia ______~~~:Idaho i____r_: : =_======______== 10 3. 0 5 2. 4 1. 6 129 4. 3 2. 9 56 2. 4 1.6 11 5. 6 3. 7 5 3. 0 2. 0 Rhode Island .•. ______13 4. 7 3. l 6 2. 6 1. 7 1llinois ______122 4. 5 3. 0 53 3. 0 2. 0 South Carol ina ______39 4. 7 3. 1 17 2. 6 1. 7 Indiana ______South Dakota ______Iowa ______. ______59 4. 3 2. 9 26 2. 4 1.6 10 5. 5 3. 7 4 3. 0 2. 0 33 4. 6 3. l 14 2. 4 l.6 Tennessee ______49 4. 6 3. 1 21 2. 4 1.6 Kansas ______32 4. 9 3. 3 14 2. 6 l. 7 Texas ______149 4. l 2. 7 64 2. 4 1.6 37 4. 8 3. 2 16 2. 6 l. 7 Utah . ______------19 4. 8 3. 2 8 2. 6 l. 7 40 Vermont______~;~Mainei\~~~~: ______======__ 5. 0 3. 3 17 2. 8 1. 9 6 5. 3 3. 5 3 3. 0 2. 0 15 5. 2 3. 5 6 2. 8 l. 9 Virgin ia ______63 4. l 2. 7 27 2. 6 1. 7 Maryland ______------49 4. 3 2. 9 21 2. 4 l. 6 33 4. 8 3. 2 14 2. 6 1. 7 Massachusetts ______70 4. 7 3. l 31 2. 6 l. 7 ~:~~ i~i~~~~ ra : :: ======17 4. 8 3. 2 7 2. 6 1. 7 Michiean ______------96 4. 0 2. 7 41 2. 2 l. 5 Wiscons in ______63 5. l 3. 4 21 2. 4 l.6 Minnesota ______58 4. 7 3. l 25 2. 6 l. 7 Wyom ing ______5 6. 0 4. 0 2 3. 2 2.1 30 4. 9 3. 3 13 2. 6 l. 7 54 4. 7 Un ited States ______1. 7 ~Montana\ ~ ~ ~~~r ._~_~--==______======3. l 23 2. 4 l. 6 2, 450 4. 7 3.1 l, 026 2. 5 8 5. 7 3. 8 4 3. 2 2. 1

FOOTNOTES and Family Incomes," Brookings Papers on A RULING BORDERING ON IDIOCY 1 Jacob Mincer, Unemployment Effects of Economic Activity ( 1976). Minimum Wages, Journal of Political Econ­ :i All estimates take into account state min­ omy, August 1976; George S . Tolley, Philip E . imum wage laws. HON. HENRY J. HYDE Graves and Ronald J . Krumm. "New Esti­ • State minimum negates impact of Fed­ mates of the Effect of Minimum Wages on eral proposal. OF ILLINOIS the U.S. Economy by (1) Updating Measures » While state minimum is $2.50/ hour, it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Sensitivity to Minimum Wage Increases, lacks automatic escalator clause contained Wednesday, July 27, 1977 and (2) Measuring the Impact on Produc­ in Administration's proposal. t i v i ty" , June 15, 1977, Chicago, Illinois. 0 Estimates for individual states made by Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, several weeks 2 Edward M. Gramlich, "Impact of Mini­ Mori Diane, Lorie Johnson and Brent Bar­ ago, I called my colleagues' attention to mum Wages on Other Wages. Employment tholomew. the inclusion of drug addicts and alco- July 27, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25353 holies as "handicapped individuals" in Or imagine yourself in the personnel office TWO PROMISING OIL SHALE section 504 regulations of the 1973 Re­ of a large corporation. The employment offi­ cer has dropped a sheaf of papers on his desk PROCESSES habilitation Act. in mild disgust. "I hope," he says, not with­ The regulations not only forbid dis­ out a touch of sarcasm in his voice, "I hope crimination bv exclusion, but also man­ you didn't walk in here expecting to get a job date affirmative action programs. Em­ on the basis of these credentials ... M.A., HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD ployers are expected to find and hire al­ Harvard School of Businesi:o, Ph.D. in organic OF PENNSYLVANIA coholics and drug abusers. chemistry. UCLA, two years postdoctoral work IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES at the University of Wisconsin, why that's I want to share with my colleagues a Wednesday, July 27, 1977 column by Nicholas von Hoffman in the trash to us. Look, son, let me set you straight, you're white, you're male, you're heterosex­ Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. July 19 Chicago Tribune and a July 20 ual, you're worthless." Washington Star editorial: Mr. Speaker, many of us were encour­ But instead of being crestfallen, a smirky aged to note that President Carter's [From the Chicago Tribune, July 19, 1977) smile steals across our job seeker's face as he energy message to the Congress, de­ A RULING BORDERING ON IDIOCY rolls up a shirt sleeve and reveals a nest of livered this past April, singled out the (By Nicholas von Hoffman) needle punctures. "Ahh, baa!" exclaims our personnel man, "now you're on the right Devonian shale deposits of the Eastern WASHINGTON.-Here's mud in your eye, tracks. Get it? Right tracks, did you get it?" United States as an oil and gas source, Donald Ellsburg, assistant secretary of Labor While corporations send out headhunters for with adequate effort in support of for Employment Standards. Elisburg was their development, s·ubstantial additions brought into the government to discredit and personnel recruiting teams to pull sound principles by applying them with idiot drunks out of ash cans and snatch wired to supply could be provided and the energy and to destroy respect for all regula­ and blinking coquettes from the beds of rock possibility of curtailment and plant tions by carrying them several steps past re­ stars, others will start schools to teach the closures as a result sharply reduced. duction ad absurdum. You need that back­ industrious children of the middle class how One very important feature of the ground to appreciate Elisburg's warning to to acquire an economically indispensable vice. There will be accusations that some Devonian source rests upon its reserves all contractors doing more than $2,500 worth potential. If we can get to a point where of business with the government per year. young persons, who have secured employ­ In a ukase which shows that he would be ment on their claims to be confirmed boozers, this shale becomes a part of our reserves happier working for somebody like Catherine are in fact secret abstainers. instead of just a resource, we will have the Great, he announced the other day that, It's possible that some government con­ turned an important corner regarding "employers who fail to consider qualified al­ tractors may have been in compliance with the future of the Eastern United States. coholics and drug abusers because of their this regulation for some time. That might Mr. Speaker, Victor McElheny, writing handicap are clearly violating the law . .. explain the cost overruns of companies like Lockheed, and there's no doubt that the De­ in the July 27 issue of the New York Our Government [the reverential capital G Times, describes the potential of an ex­ is Elisburg's] spends a considerable amount partment of Labor is in compliance with the of money each year to rehabilitate alcoholics regulations insuring the employment of the citing and encouraging new technology and drug abusers to help them again become intellectually handicapped, as Elisburg's under development for the recovery of employable, productive citizens. It would be presence on the payroll so amply attests. oil and gas from these sources. I believe incongruous to turn around and deny them it may be of interest to my colleagues, protection under the antidiscrimination law." and I would, therefore, like to include A spokesman for Elisburg, in trying to [From the Washington Star, July 20, 1977) the article in the RECORD at this point. clarify his meaning, explained that the ANOTHER "AFFIRMATIVE" ACTION [From The New York Times, July 27, 1977) drunks and dope fiends do not have to be on Where does it end? the wagon or off the needle to qualify for TECHNOLOGY: Two PROMISING OIL SHALE mandatory employment. Moreover, the The Labor Department, according to an PROCESSES spokesman explained, every company must article in The New York Times, has directed BY VICTOR K. MCELHENY employers with federal contracts to take have an affirmative action program to find Despite the gloom that has descended over and hire lushes and drug addicts "just as "affirmative action" to hire alcoholics and drug abusers if they are "qualified" for jobs. much of the shale oil business lat ely, engi­ they are expected to hire blacks, Hispanics, neers have not given up on tapping shale and other minorities." Blacks, Hispanics Assistant Secretary Donald Ellsburg told rock-in the East as well as the Rockies­ employers that if they don't they are violat­ and other minorities should be delighted to for oil and gas. learn that in the eyes of the law, at least ing the 1973 Rehabilitation Act which pro­ tects handicapped persons against job dis­ Work continues on so-called in-situ proc­ as it's interpreted by President Carter's genie essing-cooking explosively crushed shale at the United States Department of Labor, crimination. Alcoholics and drug abusers have a han­ rock within the mountainsides where it is there is no difference between them and found to extract the oil. some bum on skid row. dicap all right, but the handicap is largely, if not totally, of their own making. They But engineers' attention is focusing on This decision doesn't do much for the two other attractive process. traditional picture of the sober, hard-work­ deserve sympathy and help in trying to ing family man, but that's the price we have overcome that handicap; and the govern­ One, developed by the Superior Oil Com­ to pay for social justice. It will also mean ment, as Mr. Elisburg pointed out, does pany of Houston, would be used to tap Colo­ some changes in our child-rearing practices. spend a considerable amount of money try­ rado shales not only for oil but also for three Distraught mothers now will ransack their ing to rehabilitate them. No doubt m'3.ny other products-alumina, soda ash and a children's bedrooms and come downstairs businesses voluntarily offer them an oppor­ substance called nahcolite than can serve as to report to Dad, "I fine-tooth combed Abi­ tunity to prove themselves able to hold a sulphur-oxide scrubbing agent for coal­ gail's and Courtney's rooms and I couldn't jobs-and should. burning electric power plants. find a thing . . . not a marijuana seed, not a But should employers be required by the The second, developed at the Institute of pep pill. What are we going to do about these government to shoulder a responsibility for Gas Technology in Chicago, with more than kids?" Dad will groan, slump forward in his $3 million in support 50 far from the Amer­ their livelihood? If an employer has a choice ican Gas Association, would slowly cook chair, hold his head in his hands and say, between a non-alcoholic and an alcoholic, "I don't know what's 1wing to happen to eastern shales in the presence of hydrogen them. I don't know how they'll survive. They or between a non-drug abuser and drug gas (derived from the hydrocarbons in the know what the job market is like, and they abuser, equ:illy "qualified" as to educational shale) to produce oil and gas in a wide range won't take dope, they just won't do any­ background and skill, should he be forced of controlled proportions. thing to help themselves, Harriet." by government order to hire the alcoholic The western shales, which Superior Oil and Or picture this scene. It's 10:30 in the or drug abuser and take a chance that he'll the partners it now is seeking would proc­ evening. Junior has just let himself in the work out? ess, are so-called " tertiary" formations laid front door when he's confronted by Pop Not only are employers prohibited from down 40 to 50 million years ago on t he bot­ who says to his offspring, suspicion dripping discriminating against them, but an aide tom of a very deep lake covering large areas from his voice, "It's awfully early to be com­ of northeastern Utah, northwestern Colorado who expanded on Mr. Elisburg's statement and southwestern Wyoming. ing in. Lemme smell your breath ... Van­ said employers are expected to find and hire Such shales, largely found on lands that nilla ! ... Just what I thought! Been down alcoholics and drug abusers "just as they at the 'Y' again, haven't ya? ... Building the United States Government leased a few your body and all that stuff. Listen, you're are expected to hire· blacks, Hispanics and years ago to groups of oil companies, fre­ 18 years old. A kid your age! You should be other minorities." They don't even have to quently contain 25 to 30 gallons of oil per ashamed! If I catch you coming home again be rehabilitated-the key word, according ton of rock. sober before midnight, it's outta this house. to the aide, is "qualified." The eastern shales, which the Institute of You're no son of mine." This anti-discrimination business can be Gas Technology plans to begin processing in carried to extremes. a one-ton-per-hour process development unit 25354 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27·, 1977 late this year or early next, are far older, dat­ VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION There are a dozen or so chairs in the waiting ing from the Devonian period several hun­ HOSPITAL IN PHILADELPHIA areas that are heavily soiled on the arms and dred million years ago. Yields are leaner, should be replaced. Equipment items appear with 10 gallons of oil per ton of rock typical adequate and modern. Steel gray desks and from standard retoring methods. office furniture items are used as these have Leading the work on the Superior Oil proc­ HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR been standard items for our field facilities. ess from its beginnings 10 years ago has been OF PENNSYLVANIA There were no complaints from any source regarding space or attractiveness of the Dr. Bernard Weichman, who assigned his "CN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES basic patent to Superior. In a telephone in­ Cherry Street Clinic. The current annual terview this week, Dr. Weichman said that Wednesday, July 27, 1977 cost of renting this space from GSA is $842,- laboratory and pilot-plant work on the proc­ 588, based on the billing charges for the last Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, on Satur­ quarter. ess, conducted chiefiy at Cleveland, is now day, July 23, the Subcommittee on Medi­ complete. He said, "We are convinced that Lack of clinic leadership the next step is commercialization." cal Facilities and Benefits of the House This is a valid charge and compounds the At the Institute of Gas Technology, whose Committee on Veterans' Affairs held problems in the multifaceted relationship work began about five years ago, leading fig­ hearings at the Veterans' Administration between the hospital and the clinic. The ures have been Frank C. Schora, the in­ Hospital in Philadelphia. The purpose of Special Assistant to the Hospital Director iio stitute's senior vice president for process the hearings was to look into the quality the highest level of management physically development, and Paul Tarman, director of of health care being offered to veterans located at the clinic. The incumbent is not chemical processes. of the Philadelphia metropolitan area. recognized as a member of management by Up to now, Mr. Tarman said in a telephone either the administrative or professional staff During the next few days I would like at the clinic. interview yesterday, the institute's process to share some of the information we re­ development unit, with a diameter of 12 to The problems associated with lack of clinic 134 inches, has tried the so-called "hydro­ ceived during the hearings with my col­ leadership are further illustrated in the de­ retorting" process on western shales only. leagues. The following report was pre­ ficiencies found. Management and control Limits on funds and supplies of eastern shale pared by Jack Westall of the Veterans' of the clinic workload were negligible. Im­ have restricted testing of eastern shales to a Administration: portant functions such as medical record unit only four inches in diameter that proc­ committee meetings, clinical executive staff REPORT OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS meetings and staff meetings have been esses about 100 pounds of shale an hour, he REGARDING CONSOLIDATION OF THE OUT­ said. ignored for over two years. Systematic re­ PATIENT CLINIC AND HOSPITAL ACTIVITIES, views have not been accomplished and were In testimony to the House Energy Research VA HOSPITAL, PHILADELPHIA, PA. only recently initiated in one service. There subcommittee last March, Mr. Schora said, (By Jack Westall) is no coordinated centralized appointment "We discovered some time ago, and have con­ BACKGROUND scheduling system between the two facilities firmed in more extensive testing during the This report is prepared in response to a for the convenience of patients and better past year, that when we process eastern staff utilization. Fee basis authorizations Devonian shale with the I .G.T. process, we Chief Medical Director's memorandum dated April 11, 1977, to (13) and (17A) requesting were granted based upon recommendations obtain yields of useful products equivalent of private nurses and approved with little to those from conventional retorting of rich that a review be conducted of the Clinic and Hospital activities in Philadelphia. The re­ or no review by professional staff, resulting Colorado shale." in increased expenditures for the facility. Mr. Sch01·a said it was reasonable to ask quest for a special review was precipitated how I.G.T. researchers obtained 25 gallons of by the expressed concerns of service organiza­ Low employee morale oil and 2,000 cubic feet of gas from lean east­ tions as well as correspondence to the Ad­ This was found to be true. Many of the ern shale that only yields 10 gallons by such ministrator and to Congressman David Sat­ Cherry Street emplovees have worked at the conventional processes as the so-called terfield, Chairman of the Subcommittee on facility for years with dignity and pride in Fischer Assay. Medical Facilities and Benefits, HVAC, con­ their accomplishments. They feel they were cerning services provided veterans by the deceived, first by the last independent direc­ "Our researchers have provided the answer DM&S facilities in Philadelphia. tor whom they feel brought about the con­ to this," Mr. Schora said. "Actually the or­ Two on-site visits were made to Phila­ solidation of the hospital and clinic for his ganic carbon contents of many eastern and own personal grandiosity. Blamed now are western shales are very similar. They found delphia. The first was made April 14 and 15 by Jack Westall and Dr. Tom Watt. The visit the Chief of Staff, the medical schools, the that the 10 gallon-per-ton Kentucky shale residents, and management at the hospital. and a 30-gallon-per-ton Colorado shale had was exploratory in order to develop more definitive parameters for subsequent reviews. The lack of proper communication between organic carbon contents of 13.4 and 13.6 per­ hoc;pital and clinic staff members seriously cent respectively." A second visit was made April 26, 27 and 28 by Jack Westall, Edward Zacharek and underlies this problem. While many clinic Although in conventional retorting, two­ George Gary. staff members are bitter about their experi­ thirds of the carbon-containing substance ences in the consolidation, the professional called kerogen is extracted from the western Data provided in this report was also ob­ staff has been affected the greatest. This was shales and only one-third from the eastern, tained through group meetings with the brought on by their disenchantment with Mr. Schora said, the I.G.T. process converts Clinic staff and representatives of Veterans the consolidation and its one dimensional most of the organic carbon in both types of Organizations as well as individual discus­ concept. Examples of this are that clinic phy­ rock to oil and gas. sions with the Medical District Director sicians cannot admit a patient to the hos­ Medical School Representatives, various staff pital without reexamination by a resident Plans for commercializing the Superior 011 at both VA facilities and top management at process, according to Dr. Weichman, call for and that hospital physicians would not per­ the hospital. form comnensation and pension examina­ a plant that would. begin by processing some The assistance and cooperation received by 24,500 tons of shale rock daily. This would tions regularly or serve to relieve backlogs. all elements during this review were out­ Also of concern was the belief that staffing be converted into 4,500 tons of nahcolite for standing. power-plant scrubbers, 500,000 gallons of oil, would continue to be shifted from the clinic 600 tons a day of the aluminum-and an FINDINGS to the hospital and that all clinic functions unspecified amount of soda-ash. The Chief Medical Director's assignment would be eventually phased out. memorandum cited five specific charges that Considered essential to starting the project Social workers assigned to Psychiatry were is a proposed exchange of land near the had to be clarified and placed in proper per­ spective in the conduct of this review. Com­ frustrated and negative. The Chief of Psy­ Northern Piceance Creek Basin in north­ chiatry has allegedly informed the social western Colorado with the federal govern­ ments relative to these areas of concern are marked with an asterisk. Other significant work coordinator for psychiatry that he has ment's Bureau of Land Management, Dr. programs findings are also identified as the no intention of involving social workers in Weichman said. The process of obtaining ap­ basis for the recommendations made in this discharge planning. As a result, patients are proval for the land exchange, which is de­ report. being discharged without proper Social Serv­ signed to create a mine block of land that Inadequate unattractive space at the out­ ice work-up which requires social work is economically mineable, is expected to take patient clinic assistance in the post discharge period. Also about two years, he said. Completion of the affecting morale and promoting hostile feel­ plant would take another five, he estimated. This criticism is totally false. The Cherry Street facility has an abundance of space ings toward the hospital staff is the alleged Because the Superior Oil process leads to which is attractively decorated, clean and technique the Chief, Psychiatry Service has four products instead of one--oll-he said, well maintained by contract through GSA. applied in assuming the management of the it is possible to return all waste from the The color scheme is varied and bright with combined service. The inference of profes­ plant to the mine, rather than dispose of it the exception of one floor where a flat dark sional incompetency is demeaning to clinic on the surface as single-product shale oil Williamsburg blue was used extensively, but physicians after many years of serving the processes do. is attractive. The NP Unit uses this space. service-connected veterans at the clinic. )uly 27, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25355

Inadequate planning for the clinic Veterans service organizations Keep Open This is probably true. There was no formal In two meetings with representatives of 1. Continue present consolidation with plan to systematically coordinate the full twelve service organizations the sensitivity of Philadelphia (no changes). integration of the two facilities. No evidence the situation was quite evident. This group of 2. Continue consolidation with Philadel­ was found to indicate interest in clinic func­ VA experienced and knowledgeable individ­ phia (move Medical and Surgical activities tions by the two affiliated medical schools, uals was adamant in their position that there to hospital-strengthen NP services at nor was it evident that any commitment had had to be immediate changes in the operation clinic.) been made to su9port clinic needs other than of both the clinic and the hospital. A pri­ 3. Continue consolidation with VAH Phila­ a token interest by the Psychiatry Depart­ mary concern centered on the activities of delphia (keep under single Director but with ment. The unilateral decision by the Chief of the clinic and how consolidation was dilut­ two Chie!s of Staff. Operate as separate and Staff to move the RMS Clinic to the hospital ing the effectiveness of the medical services distinct entities). upset the veterans formerly treated in that which service-connected veterans have been clinic, as well as the service organizations receiving through the Cherry Street Clinic 4. Discontinue present consolidation with and clinic personnel. for many years. They pointed out how a VAH Philadelphia and establish administra­ tive consolidation with VAH Coatesville. Failure to communicate between hospital number of dedicated, senior professional em­ personnel and clinic counterparts ployees of the clinic were being harassed 5. Reestablish Independent Clinic (no medical school affiliation). There has been a continuing effort on the through the efforts of the hospital staff to part of the Hospital Director to visit the absorb their !unctions. They stated that 6. Reestablish Independent Clinic (affiliate clinic frequently and to establish a working the professional qualifications of clinic phy­ with different medical schools). rapport with the staff. While there is a great sicians were challenged after long careers of RECOMMENDATIONS deal of respect for the Director as an individ­ loyal and qualitative service to the VA and 1. Organize the hospital and clinic func­ ual, there is the belief that his control of veterans of the area. Certainly of equal con­ tions into separate divisions of the Phila­ the situation is compromised by the influ­ cern was the role the Chief of Staff has delphia health care facility, that will operate ence of the Chief of Staff and the Medical assumed at the hospital and in the consoli­ cooperatively in the care of veterans. dation. They believe that his dominance and Schools. 2. Establish position of Chief of Staff at This comment is enforced by the fact that unilateral actions have compromised the po­ sition of the Hospital Director in managing Cherry Street Clinic. The Chief of Staff will clinic dentists do not attend formal staff organizationally report directly to the Hospi­ meetings with their hospital counterparts, the combined facilities. They consider him so closely allied to the University of Penn­ tal Director and be on a level in stature to and that clinic surgeons and medical staff the Chief of Staff at the hospital. function independently of Surgical Service sylvania Medical School that he cannot ade­ quately relate to the responsibilities he has 3. Designate Chiefs of Medicine, Surgery, and Medical Service at hospital. To com­ Psychiatry, Radiology, Dental and Social pound the problem, the clinic staff was not for serving veterans. They also feel that the Philadelphia VA Hospital is no longer a Work Services at the clinic. These appoint­ invited to participate in the transfer of RMS ments should be processed into VACO by to the hospital. facility for veterans but a teachin~ instru­ ment of U. of Pa. The Administrative Assist­ usual route through H .J. Workload data and comparison with other ant to the Chief of Staff has also been al­ 4. Continue to strengthen support and con­ outpatient clinics lowed to overpiay his role so that he has solidation of Fiscal, Personnel, Supply, Medi­ The staff and fee workload at the Cherry become an impo~sible barrier rather than a cal Administration, Pharmacy, Dietetic, Street Clinic and the lack of space at the buffer in their attempts to reach the Chief Nursing and Laboratory Services. hospital preclude closing the clinic and of Staff for specific information and as­ 5. The organizational realignment and achieving a physical consolidation. The po­ sistance. leadership should be clearly documented. tential to improve services provided veterans The relationship between this group and Functional statements and staff assignments residing in the Philadelphia catchment area top management has been completely splin­ should also be Published and shared with the does exist with the present Cherry Street tered through the failure of the hospital staff supervisory staff at both divisions. facility. The clinic is in an ideal location for to understand and anpreciate the role of the completing the initial examinations to deter­ 6. Decision on proper assignment for Psy­ service organizations in our system. The fail­ chology Service at the clinic should be deter­ mine the need for care. This concept is suc­ ure to accept and utilize the representatives cessful at the Brooklyn Outpatient Clinic, mined after the appointment of a new Chief as consumer advocates and as a vital com­ of Staff. which has a similar workload. munication link between the user and the In comparing the two facilities, the Brook­ provider needs immediate correction. 7. Implement single functioning central­ lyn Clinic conducted 2,531 such examinations ized scheduling system for coordination of as opposed to 171 at the Cherry Street Clinic Veteran population served hospital and clinic appointments. during the first six months of FY 1977. How­ The catchment area for the Philadelnbia 8. Fully utilize the veterans service orga­ ever, the examinations conducted in Brook­ Clinic includes some 725,000 veterans. This nizations representatives as consumer ad­ lyn are accepted for direct admission to the number will not be substantially reduced vocates. Their assistance is invaluable in hospital. This concept at the Cherry Street when the Allentown satellite clinic ts acti­ providing the link between the VA as the Clinic would be advantageous for the veter­ vated. With the vast maJoritv of these vet­ provider and the veterans as the users of ans in the Delaware Valley area, the clinic erans residing in the immediate Philadelphia DM&S services. and the Philadelphia Hospital. The recent area, and with the clinic location so conven­ 9. Encourage representation of service orga­ patient attitude survey conducted nation­ iently centralized, DM&S should uttlize the nizations as ex-officio rriembers of the Deans wide revealed the veteran population using clinic as a viable health care provider and Committee. This role should be fully under­ the facility has a high regard for the staff initial screening point as a convenience to stood to be a participating member in the and services offered at the clinic. veterans and to relieve congestion at the Deans Committee discussions but without More veterans in the OPT-NSC and AHA hospital. vote. OPTIONS CONSIDERED programs are seen on a staff basis in Brook­ 10. Establish a Position Management Com­ lyn than in Philadelphia (14,522-2,394) . The Two options were conc::tdered reizarding the mittee at the Cherry Street Clinic for the majority of visits in these programs at the consolidation of activities at Philadelphia review and proposed distribution of man­ Cherry Street Clinic are on a fee basis. This with each option having several altern:ing the entire United The official exolanation is that the bright Except for sacrificial satellites that delib­ States ballistic missile force." glare of fires burning off natural gas on a erately blow themselves up, conventional U.S. research in this area has not been so Soviet pipeline caused the blindness. but weapons are of little use in the vacuum and intense largely because our scientists don't skeptical critics say it would have taken a weightlessness of space. Trying to fire a small believe particle accelerators would make fire 10 to 10,000 times brighter to cause that 20-mm cannon from a satellite would have very effective weapons. They share many of kind of damage. Some speculate that the the same effect as igniting a propulsion the same drawbacks of the laser weapon. spacecraft were knocked out by an experi­ rocket on the craft-the reactive force of the They need huge amounts of power to oper­ mental high-oowered laser beam from Earth. gun's recoil would blast the satellite out of ate and the impact of a weaoon is diminisred Of course the Pentagon has not been un­ orbit in the opposite direction, rendering it by the Earth's atmosohere which scatters aware of this renewed Soviet interest in useless. and weakens the particle beam. Even in satellite warfare and has a few defensive and What's needed is something that's fast. soace its aim would be thrown off by the offensive tricks of its own. Back in the early deadly-and recoil-less. Right now, the prime Earth's magnetic field. 1960s it briefiy toyed with the idea. of a one­ candidate to fill that spot in our space arse­ If all these bulls were worked out. the on-one Satellite Inspection Technique nal is-you guessed it-a weapon using Light particle accelerator woulrl be a deadly anti­ (called SAINT) by which we would launch Amplification by Stimulated Emission of misslle weapon. Properlv aimed. it could melt satellites to check out every one put up by Radiation, better known as the laser. Tn the plutonium in a missile's nuclear warhead the Russians, However, the idea was scrapped theory, the laser is the perfect space weapon. and defuse it long before it ever hit its after it was realized they were putting up It's fast-literally traveling at the speed of target. far too many for us to look over one at a light-has no more kickback than a fiashlight NO LONGER SCIENCE FICTION time. beam, and actually would be even more effi­ The whole idea of satellites battling satel­ ATTACK ALARMS cient in space than on Earth. lites or enemy missiles is long past the sci­ Among the ideas that did make it is the The reason is the laser is a beam of light so ence-fiction stage and now at the point where special eouipment added to new models of concentrat~d it can bore through the densest it is openly discussed at presidential press our SAMOS (Satellite and Missile Observa­ of materials. On a cloudy or foggy day on conferences. This pac;t winter President Car­ tory Systems) and MIDAS (Missile Defense Earth this concentration tends to get broken ter admitted the p06Sibility of satellite war- July 27, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25361 fare is a very real one and told reporters, "I people, and to provide the means for a THE CONGRESS CONSIDERS THE have already suggested to the Soviet Union return to economic health. AGRICULTURE ACT OF 1977 that we forgo the opportunity to arm satellite In the past, we have had national pro­ bodies and also to forgo the opportunity to grams designed to make these regions destroy observation satellites." HON. LEE H. HAMILTON Still, if the Soviet Union doesn't take to more attractive to private investment by these suggestions, most military experts be­ providing improved transportation and OF INDIANA lieve that by the 1980s both superpowers will by training the local labor force. Indi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have the first few of their robot soldiers in vidual States and communities have Wednesday, July 27, 1977 orbit around the Earth. As a result, accord­ tried to attract business by providing ing to Dr. Charles S. Sheldon II, expert on such public services as sewers and elec­ Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I would Russian space activities, " the notion of the tricity. These programs have been only like to insert my Washington Report for bloodless war fought by computer-controlled July 27, 1977, into the CONGRESSIONAL automatons ... might become a part of the moderately successful. In many cases, institution of war." improved public facilities alone could RECORD: not overcome the reluctance of private THE CONGRESS CONSIDERS THE AGRICULTURE SPACE WAR A BLESSING? businesses to invest in these areas. More­ ACT OF 1977 Space warfare could take some strange over, the few businesses interested in The Congress is considering the Agricul­ twists. Some experts believe it might even be ture Act of 1977 at a time when the American a blessing-that belligerent nations could locating or expanding operations in farmer is hurting. settle their differences thousands of miles these sections often found themselves unable to obtain credit from private fi­ Unfortunately the problem is a familiar above us without ever firing a shot on Earth. one to farmers. While prices they receive for Others see space armaments as the ultimate nancial institutions. their products have been falling, the prices deterrent to war-that the very presence of The problem of obtaining credit at they must pay for their farm supplies have such awesome might hanging over our heads reasonable costs not only discourages been rising rapidly. Since October 1975 wheat would make nations think twice about pull­ many businesses from investing in these prices have fallen steadily from about $4 a ing a trigger. areas; the political subdivisions them­ bushel to less than half that figure. Corn It almost certainly would bP, a war no one selves have been faced with similar prob­ prices are at a five-year low. Unlike other in­ could win. There would be no victors-only dustries, farmers are totally unable to pass the vanquished. Hopefully, most nations lems. Cities and counties with shrinking tax bases and increasingly higher unem­ these increased production costs on to the realize this-or will in time. But the chilling consumer. possibility that it could happen will be with ployment rates have found themselves The farmers plight is made even more dif­ us long after those pleasantly amusing fan­ shut out of the municipal markets, or ficult because for the last three crop years tasies of Buck Rogers and Flash Gordon have able to obtain funds only at much higher farmers have produced record crops of wheat been forgotten. rates than other communities. This sit­ and feed grains. With the current bumper uation has thwarted such municipalities crop of wheat now being harvested, a surplus in their attempts to attract new invest­ greater than the all-time high levels of the ment because they are forced to defer early 1960s could occur. Few observers doubt NATIONAL DOMESTIC DEVELOP­ much-needed improvements and addi­ that, barring an unforeseen disaster of monu­ MENT BANK tions to their public facilities. The re­ mental proportions, this year bumper grain crops will overflow the bins when harvests sulting decline in public services has also are completed. If s©, it is likely that the decreasec' the quality of life of residents nation will return to the situation that pre­ HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD of these areas. vailed in the 196Cs which was a period of high OF PENNSYLVANIA These problems are not only local subsidies, low commodity prices, large sur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES problems. The human and capital re­ pluses, and controls on the acreage farmers could plant. By producing near-record crops, Wednesday, July 27, 1977 sources in these regions are not being used to their fullest potential. The en­ farmers have again become the victims of Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr. tire Nation suffers from loss in national their productivity. Speaker, today I am introducing legisla­ In many cases the cost of producing wheat productivity caused by unbalanced and feed grains is equal to or in excess of the tion to create a Natio..nal Domestic De­ growth and development. average market price for these commodities. velopment Bank. This bill is identical to Mr. Speaker, I believe that we must The Department of Agriculture estimates one Mr. HUMPHREY has introduced in the recommit ourselves as a nation to that unless prices in wheat and feed grains Senate and would establish an institu­ seeking the solutions to the problems of improve substantially in the near future, over tion which could systematically fight the these economically depressed regions. We 14,000 farmers will be bankrupt in the Great problems of urban and rural blight must recognize that while investment in Plains alone. In addition, more than 50,000 through the financing of both public and these regions is in the national interest, other farmers in this area will be forced to private capital projects located in eco­ refinance their loans or dispose of some of financing such investments may be too their assets. nomically depressed areas. risky for the private sector. Therefore, I In recent years an unprecedented export Today, while most of the Nation is re­ believe we need a program to provide demand pushed prices to high levels and gaining its health after the recent reces­ both municipalities and private busi­ routed the government out of its role as the sion, pockets of poverty and high unem­ nesses with the capital they need to re­ principal market for grain. But now the for­ ployment remain in various parts of the vitalize these areas. eign demand is slack and current prices are country. Federal programs designed to They key to such a program is, in my low. Both the old and the new farm program before the Congress set target prices for reduce unemployment and to stimulate judgment, a national development bank. wheat and corn and continue the old system growth nationally have only mildly im­ The bank created by this bill can help of loans on these crops. Under this system proved economic conditions in these communities attract business by provid­ if the market price per bushel falls below the areas. Some areas, particularly in cities ing financing for public facilities. It can target price, a farmer is paid the difference in in the Northeast and Midwest. are not also help businesses locate and expand a direct subsidy payment. If he takes a loan substantially better off today than they in these areas by making financing more on his crop and then the market price falls were at the height of the recession. The readily available. below the loan level plus interest, he may severity of the past winter and the cum­ turn the grain over to the government for Mr. Speaker, this idea is not new but pavment for the loan. ulative effects of a decade of outmigra­ it is time that it be given serious con­ This year's market prices for wheat and tion to other regions have made them sideration. I plan to do this both in the corn are below target and loan levels. There even less attractive to private invest­ Joint Economic Committee hearings on were no planting restrictions imposed this ment. the financing of municipal needs, which year and wheat and corn farmers can ex­ The disproportionate suffering and I am cochairing with Mr. HUMPHREY this pect to collect thousands of dollars in sub­ economic loss felt by the people living week and next, and in hearings before sidies and loans by the end of the year. In the Subcommittee on Economic Stabil­ the bill now under consideration, the Secre­ in these areas must be confronted. We tary of Agriculture is empowered to impose need a national development policy pin­ ization following the August recess. We planting restrictions on next year's crop. pointed directly at the unique problems will discuss the numerous bills now The commodity provisions in the farm bill of these economically depressed regions. pending before us and aimed at provid­ are especially important to farmers. Low We need a national program to revitalize ing a wide variety of proposed solutions market prices could result in farmers receiv­ these areas, to enrich the lives of their to these same problems. ing in 1977 their first deficiency payments 25362 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1977 since the target price system was first created called for lining the teachers up behind A study of Philadelphia public schools tn the 1973 farm bill. The higher the target the antigun proposals which were in the shows that advanced degrees of a teacher are price in the bill, the larger the payments re­ Judiciary Committee. Poor teachers, they "irreleva:it to student achievement"; "equal­ ceived by the farmer and, of course, the do not seem to realize that education is ization" of spending in schools provides little greater the budget outlay for the govern­ educational benefit; matching teacher race to ment. secondary to the professional unionists­ student race was "apparently immaterial" to The Senate bill, already passed, extends the bureaucrats-educationists who run the student achievement. major commodity programs for five years, leftist NEA office. Question: If researchers are right that un­ and sets higher target prices and loan rates This article by Nick Thimmesch which equal distribution of resources results in bet­ than the original House bill for wheat, corn, appeared in Human Events hits the nail ter education, will the courts go along with and other feed grains. During consideration right on the head. It should be must the idea? Final conclusion: Better teachers, of the House bill, the target prices for wheat reading for everybody: not more spending and/ or "equalization" and corn were increased substantially, add­ programs, are responsible for student im­ ing an extra $470 million in fedral subsidies CARTER-MONDALE PANDER TO NEA DEMANDS provement. to the estimated $2.5 billion cost of the (By Nick Thimmesch) In state after state, officials painfully commodity support proj?:rams, bringing the So the Vice President bellowed to the Re­ learned that the NEA system of measuring total cost to about $3 billion. The President public's largest teacher's union, the National quality education by the amount of expen­ initially vowed that he would veto the Sen­ Education Association, that President Carter ditures is wrong, and that the only true test ate farm bill because it would jeopardize his now supports a $1.5-billion hike in federal is how well children read, write and compre­ pledge to balance the budget by 1981. But spending on education. Hooray and huzzah! hend. this week his Secretary of Agriculture recom­ Walter Mondale shows that he can quickly This spring, for example, the superinten­ mended that he sign the bill as it was tenta­ slip back into campaign rhetoric. dent of the Maricopa County (Phoenix, Ariz.) tively approved by the House. The 1976 election is over, Mr. Vice Presi­ schools, suggested a freeze in state funding So, the practical problem is to get a farm dent. You and Jimmy Carter won. You need pending a review of "where we have been and bill that the President will approve. The not pander to the powerful NEA whioh pub­ where we are headed with education in Ari­ bill is politically important to the President licly endorsed the Carter-Mondale team, thus zona." He voiced doubts about such elective and the Congress and it is economically im­ breaking its traditional (how they hate that courses fur junior high students as "Critique portant to the farmer and to the agri-busi­ word) neutrality. NEA dunned its members of the Cinema" and "Bachelor Survival." ness complex that suuports the farmer. for check-off dollars dutifully routed to polit­ Much of it boils down to this: When teach­ The bill is an effort to provide additional in­ ical action, and dropped nearly three mil­ ers become unionized, they tend to lose moti­ come to hard pressed grain farmers and, at lion bucks on Democratic candidates, includ­ vation, and are more likely to indulge in the same time, not unreasonably increase ing a good chunk for Carter-Mondale. "pass the buck" education-routing students the agricultural expenditures of the budget. You can thank the NEA for its obvious to expensive special programs and resource The commodity prices must also be struc­ partisanship and big help in 1976, Mr. Vice teams-thus avoiding the tough job of teach­ tured both to insure that the farmer's com­ President, but do you have to announce a ing. modities remain competitive in worla reciprocal drop of $1.5 billion on the educa­ Happily, there are many exceptions to this markets, and to avoid costly takeovers under tion establishment just to get an apprecia­ pattern, but it is prevalent enough that Mr. the loan program that would result in sur­ tive something from this gang of job-hungry Mondale should think twice before he puts pluses overhanging the market. unionists? out that simplistic stuff a.bout more spending As I observe the Indiana farmer at work, Oh, you praise the Carter Administration equaling better education. By that logic, he I often wonder if he is fully aware how cen­ for making "the largest increase in federal and Mr. Carter should have plumped for the tral a figure he has become in national and dollars for education since the Elementary B- 1 bomber in order to get a more effective international affairs. The nation owes it to and Secondary Act was passed in 1965." And defense system. him to develop an agricultural policy which you got the usual baying sounds from the The present educational establishment in does not jump from one extreme to the NEA multitude by scoring the Nixon-Ford the U.S., meaning unions like the NEA, is the other, from unfettered markets to price con­ succession as "one of the most anti-educa­ tion Administrations in history." B-1 bomber of education, and what a pity, trols and embargoes, and which enables him especially for our children. to earn a fair return on his labor and in­ The Vice President demonstrated a cute­ vestment. ness and a superficiality. He conveniently neglected to mention that only a. few weeks a.go, the Carter Administration was op­ CARTER-MONDALE PANDER TO NEA posed to any increase in the education AIR BAG LOBBY-LONG ON EMO­ DEMANDS budget. Its spending proposal was actually TION, SHORT ON FACTS lower than the last four administrations' budgets. But that's just a bit of political sleight-of­ HON. BUD SHUSTER HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK hand by Carter-Mondale. What really hurts OF PENNSYLVANIA OF OHIO is the mindless assumption by the Vice Presi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dent that to spend more billions on educa­ tion is to improve it. One of the great bitter Wednesday, July 27, 1977 Wednesday, July 27, 1977 truths of our time is to know that while en­ Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, on July 22, Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, Nick rollments shrink, spending on education rises and student achievement drops. Education is the insurance company leading the Thimmesch has written an excellent air bag lobbying efforts gave their movie article which very perceptively notes the not so short on funds as it is in the discipline of real teaching. and presentation on the air bag to cer­ pandering tones of Vice President MoN­ The Council for Basic Education, which tain Members of Congress. DALE's ~enuflecting soeech bPfore the oppo.ses these debilitating trends, can tick Their presentation deserves a response NEA national convention. As Mr. Thim­ off case after case documenting the afore­ and I offer one to my colleagues for their mesch outs it-- mentioned, unfortunate truth: consideration. You can thank the NEA for its obvious par­ A $1.8-million study of "innovative" educa­ This information appeared in the CON­ tion shows that these expensive programs tisanship and big help in 1976, Mr. Vice GRESSIONAL RECORD on JUlY\ with a President, but do you have to announce a. did not produce higher achievement. In fact, 25 reciprocal drop of $1.5 billion on the educa­ students in relatively traditional programs typographical error, so it is f\esubmitted tion establishment just to get an apprecia­ demonstrated greater scholastic improve­ in corrected form. tive something from this gang of job-hungry ment, and the most improved readers were First. The movie shows only single im­ unionists? those who received plain old one-on-one in­ pact direct frontal crashes into station­ struction. ary walls, so no observations can be made Well put, I mie:ht add, but there is In the 1968-1976 period, the Consumer nothing new in that. Liberal Democrats about other types of crashes such as side, Price Index rose 59 per cent, but per-pupil rollover, rear, frontal-followed by sec­ have been pandering to the NEA for costs rose 132 per cent. Instr.ad of returning years and their checkbooks pump con­ to basics, school administrr.tors struggled to ondary crashes. and so forth. Second. The movie compared crashes tributions into the districts of those lib­ save the jobs of unneeded teachers when of a dummy protected by an air bag that erals who toe the NEA line and to op­ school b'oards demanded cost cuts. ponents who challene:e legislators who Students (mostly Spanish) in bilingual worked with a dummy protected by a do not walk the NEA plank. programs who achieved proficiency in Eng­ lap and shoulder strap that failed to lish were kept in the program to preserve work. Hardly a fair comnarison unless It does not seem to matter that the teachers' jobs, though research shows that NEA is in bed with the most liberal there is evidence to show that air bags they should be moved into regular classes. generally inflate and belts generally pull groups in the country. I found absolute Other students were unnecessarily assigned anger among teachers last fall when I to such programs to satisfy a constituency, aDart. No such evidence was oresented. pointed out that the NEA platform thus mixing pedagogy with politics. Third. They emohasized that there is no Federal requirement for belts to meet July 27, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25363 a dynamic test. This is an excellent point PEOPLE, PEOPLE, PEOPLE THE SOLUTION and deserves investigation. It should go without saying that the de­ veloped and developing countries must work Fourth. The movie offered testimonials HON. STEPHEN L. NEAL together to anticipate and meet the needs from a doctor and a stunt driver who say OF NORTH CAROLINA of an expanding world population. But the their air bags protected them in frontal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES growth of the population must be brought crashes. These personal testimonials are under control. More and more developing significant, of course, only if they are Wednesday, July 27, 1977 countries are coming to recognize this, and representative of a broad statistically Mr. NEAL. Mr. Speaker, I am today many are having some success. Third-world sound sample. No such evidence was efforts must be self-generated, however. The introducing an editorial from the July 26 white industrial nations should not be in the presented. Christian Science Monitor titled "Peo­ position of telling the nonwhite developing Fifth. The former chief automotive ple, people, people." I think it is an ex­ nations not to have babies. At the same safety engineer for American Motors, cellent summary of the problems sur­ time the developed nations should stand employed by the insurance company for rounding human nutrition, food scarcity, ready to help any nation that wants aid in the past 7 years, informed us that the and the continual drain on the world's population control. resources by a burgeoning population. Jamaica, Taiwan, and Costa Rica are NHTSA air bag data was based on 43:3 among countries that have proved birth million miles driven and was "substan­ In light of the pending consideration rates can be brought down. More than 45 tial." There seemed to be disagreement of the proposed Select Committee on nations have family-planning programs. with NHTSA's own statement that not Population, I urge my colleagues to con­ Progress has been made. For example, the enough data had been gathered to be sider the problems set forth in the Chris­ U.S. has seen national family planning suc­ statistically reliable. In any event, we tian Science Monitor editorial and ceed so well in some dozen countries that it were pleased to hear a defense of the adopt the resolution for a select commit­ expects to be able to phase out its assistance NHTSA data, because it is that data to them after a few years. tee. Raising the status of women has recently which shows that air bags are less safe The editorial follows: come to the fore as a key element in en­ than safety belts, as detailed in the PEOPLE, PEOPLE, PEOPLE couraging family planning. The range is wide. analysis inserted in the CONGRESSIONAL The problem is not just "too many mouths Incentives c ome both from women entering RECORD on July 18, 1977, page 23620. to feed." The solution is not just family the urban jobs market, for example, and Sixth. We were surprised to be told planning. Nor does the population challenge from those in village wives' clubs working that the NHTSA order does not require a always mean overpopulation; in some few for community development. Rising eco­ places the challenge to research and assist­ nomic and social standards in themselves lap belt with the air bag. If this is true, tend to foster individual family planning. then the NHTSA data previously re­ ance is an unusually high degree of infer­ tility. National policies can also offer "disincen­ ferred to gives the air bag more safety Whs.t is the population situation? tives" to large families. Requiring that all credit than it deserves, because 87 per­ children be educated can provide such a cent of the air bag car crashes investi­ THE PJtOBLEM brake. Setting up a social security system gated were also equipped with lap belts. Where population is increasing too fast, means that couples do not need to plan the impact is not only on food supply and families on the basis of being dependent Seventh. We were told that our statis­ distribution. upon their children in the future. tics showing that air bags did not inflate Item: Next fall there will be a Nairobi con­ The means of balancing population with in 42 percent of the towaway crashes ference on deserts. These are being created natural resources and human needs do exist. studied was inaccurate and should be 29 in places of previously scanty population as The challenge is to move ahead with them extra people destroy their own habitat by in time. percent. We referred to the NHTSA data overgrazing and chopping down trees for of 230 towaway crashes in which the air firewood that previously held the soil. bag did not inflate in 97 cases; 97 divided Item: Enormous numbers of children de­ THE 25TH AND ASIA POLICY by 230 equaled 42 percent. They acknowl­ mand enormous expansion of education. edged that our arithmetic was correct When these costs are added to inflated oil after all, but claimed it was not fair to .and other expenses, struggling economies HON. DANIEL K. AKAKA face the prospect of ever greater debts. Scar­ express our "surprise" at the air bag not city of jobs spurs emigration, as dramatized OF HAWAII inflating in 42 percent of the towaway by the illegal tide from Mexico, with its high IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES crashes, because it was not supposed to population rate, to the United States. Wednesday, July 27, 1977 inflate. I could only repeat my concern Such problems of energy, environment, and that in tow a way crashes the air bag did economy are not cited to minimize the prob­ Mr. AKAKA. Mr. Speaker, as you may not even inflate in 42 percent of the lem of food for the poor. But so far the rate know, in June the Congressional Budget accidents. of growth in world food output has been Office released a reoort on force re­ Mr. Speaker, I appreciated the oppor­ keening up with that of population. It can lated to Asia. Listed in the report as an theoretically continue to do so if necessary option was the suggestion that the tunity to see and hear the sales pitch measures are taken to make use of arable on the air bag, but I think they helped land in the developing countries themselves. Army's 25th Division at Schofield Bar­ make the case against the mandatory air Complicating factors include the current racks in Hawaii be deactivated. While it bag. A half dozen tests with dummies effort not only to keep peonle from starving is clear that the intent of the CBO re­ and stunt drivers slamming into brick but to make up the nutritional deficits in port was merely to present eliminating walls, a demonstration with a defective the diet.s of manv. High popul8tion !!rowth the 25th Division as a suggestion in order safety belt, and a testimonial from some­ undercuts this effort. It can virtually wipe to curb military spending, I would like to one "saved" by an air bag, does not prove out. the gains in food outout already being express my strong feeling that such a that air bags are more effective than achieved by some developing countries. move at this point would be extremely If food and population trends continue, unwise. Perhaps the best summation of safety belts. Only a large quantity of real the develooed countries (meaning mainly world statistics on car crashes with air the United States and Canada in this con­ the CBO report is contained in an excel­ bags and safety belts will reliably tell us text) will have to double grain experts to lent editorial which appeared in the which is safer. NHTSA has real world the third world-to 85 to 100 million tons a Honolulu Advertiser on July 26, 1977. I data which shows that safety belts are year by 1985. A year of poor harve<;ts in North would like to submit the editorial for the 5.5 times more effective saving lives in America would have even more far-ranging benefit of my colleagues and urge that towaway crashes than are air bags and repercussions than in the past. Jf the devel­ its content be carefully considered, par­ oping countries happened to have poor har­ 2 % times more effective in preventing vests at the same time or in overlapping ticularly in light of our foreign policy injuries. While NHTSA discounts the re­ years, the strain of shortages would be role in Asia and the Pacific: liability of its own data, a former chief obvious. THE 25TH AND ASIA POLICY safety engineer says the data is very What happens if the North American For several reasons the U.S. Army's 25th "substantial." The air bag lobby has an "granary of last resort" cannot come Division seems unlikely to be removed soon emotional movie with plastic dummies, through? Some countries such as Jndia can from Schofield Barracks. stunt men, and personal testimonials. produce almost all their own food-but being But the suggestion to that effect from the unable to import the difference could mean Congressional Budget Office again under­ But the most significant factor was the starvation for thousands. The increase in scores both the importance of the military absence of statistically sound real-world population heightens the risk from any fail­ in Hawaii's economy and the role U.S. forces data to prove their case. ure in food supply. still play in our Asia-Pacific foreign policy. 25364 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1977 Military spending here last year was well SALUTE TO ESTHER PETERSON against the agency as "a saga of a frustrated over $1 billion. That's bigger than sugar and woman ... 'Hell hath no fury like a woman pineapple combined and on a par with tour­ scorned.'" ism. It has continued to grow despite the Immediately, 19 members of the adminis­ disturbing decline of more than 3,600 civilian tration rallied to her defense, demanding an defense jobs since 1970. HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN apology from Mr. Lesher, and President Car­ OF MASSACHUSETTS For perspective, there is this from a recent ter said she was one person "it is impossible First Hawaiian Bank report on the subject: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to scorn." Wednesday, July 27, 1977 Mrs. Peterson says she could only la ugh "Defense expenditures here create almost a about the incident: "It wasn't worth digni­ fourth of our total personal income, and f ying with more than that." All the same she almost a fourth of the people residing in Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, today I Hawaii owe their livelihood directly to the would like to salute Esther Peterson, who treasures a picture on her office wall of her military. On any given day there are far more utilizes her role as the President's Special and President Carter walking away from the uniformed personnel and their dependents Assistant for Consumer Affairs to serve camera. "I was saying, 'Am I hitting it too hard? here than there are tourists, and although as an effective and gallant champion of That picture means a lot to me 1.Jecause ht­ they are less obvious, they are buying con­ consumer interests. Her unflagging sup­ sumer goods and services ranging from auto­ put his arm around me and said, 'No, you port of the Agency for Consumer Pro­ aren't' ... that exemolified to me the kind mobiles, appliances and garments to pizzas, tection is testimony to Ms. Peterson's taxi rides. and entertainment." of support that man gives." persistence and her dedication to im­ One reason why this benign-looking Since the elimination or transfer from portant goals. Eventually Esther Peter- . mother of four and grandmother has sparked Hawaii of the 25th Division would involve son's efforts will prove successful, and such occasionally rough comments from more than 20,000 service personnel, depend­ those who oppose her position on issues is ents, and civilian workers, that would be a when that day comes the American peo­ ple will owe a debt of gratitude to this that her work has involved a series of "firsts" serious loss in a Hawaii economy already and strong pushes for change. burdened with other uncertainties and a fine woman for her work in their behalf. Long active in the labor movement, Mrs. growing number of people seeking jobs. I would like to share with my col­ Peter3on fought hard for equal pay and a U.S. defense activity should not be geared leagues an article on Esther Peterson broadening of minimum-wage legislation. As primarilv to provide jobs in Hawaii or else­ which appeared in yesterday's edition of assista nt secretary of labor, she was the where. The Cong-ressional Budget Office study the Christian Science Mani tor : highest ranking woman in the late President is concerned with ways to reduce military WHITE HOUSE CONSUMER ADVOCATE John F. Kennedy's administration and the spending, and that is a goal many Americans (By Lucia Mouat) first White House consumer adviser under support. Wherever she goes on business these days, the late President Lyndon Johnson. But, leaving aside the potential negative Esther Eggertson Peterson carries in a brown Then, too, business ooposition mounted economic impact on Hawati and other Pacific zippered notebook a tattered, heavily penciled ("I was a little too vigorous." she admits) to areas. the study is controversial and should copy of a bill to set up a Consumer Protection the point where she was let go. Later she be the subject of debate if its recommenda­ Agency backed by President Carter. drew fire from consumerists for "selling out" tions are seriously pushed. When questions about the bill are raised, when she became the first well-known con­ It says: "The United States aooears to have she often reads aloud from her copy in sumer advocate to join the management of forces deployed in East Asia and the Pacific schoolteacher fashion to set the record a business corporation (Giant Food Inc.). that exceed considerably the needs generated straight. In her view, the consumer movement has by a North Korean attack. assuming no So­ As Special Assistant to the President for undergone a vast change in the ten years viet or Peoples Republic of China combat in­ Consumer Affairs, this grandmother with the since she has been away from government. volvement, or by the threat posed by the warm smile and familiar braid circling her Her mail refiects a growing sophistication, Soviet Pacific fleet." gray hair is all-absorbed in talking up the she says. Defense experts may want to debate that merits of the Carter-backed bill-and can "I don't get as many of the individual conclusion on military grounds. But it seems hardly stop for running. weeov letters of frustration anymore ... now to us there is a oolitical case to be made for a Of the opposition to the bill from business questions often are more procedural. It's continued U.S. military presence at this time forces and the personal barbs that have been not just 'I don't like red dye No. 2,' but 'Why becanse it helps with regional balance and aimed at her, Mrs. Peterson says, "I think is it there?' and 'What procedures allowed it stab1lity. they come with a. script-there's such a pat­ to jlet there?' tern to the opposition. They don't want to be "I'm also hearing from many stockholders That's said even though we cannot now from General Motors, General Foods, and imagine most Americans willing to get in­ changed, and they don't listen." From her cream-colored office next door to Procter & Gamble who say, 'Isn't this our volved in any Asta conflict that now seems money the companies are using to fight the remotelv poc:sible, with the possible exceo­ the White House here, she is constantly shut­ tling back and forth to Capitol Hill. Recently consumer agency bill?' " tion of North Korean attack on the South. Mr. Peterson agrees that government regu­ It's also said mindful that the major chal­ she made a week-long trip to a half-dozen districts of officially "undecided" Congress­ lation is costly and that there is probably a lenge for U.S. policy in Asia today may be line beyond which government should not to relate to changing economic patterns. men in Missouri, Kansas, and Colorado. As a White House representative, Mrs. go in protecting the individual from his own Still, we are imoresc:ed that leaders of Asian Peterson is barred from actually lobbying for mistakes-such as requiring him to pay more nations whose friendship we value are urging legislation, but this veteran consumer ad­ for a safer lawnmower. However, she sees the U .S. to maintain a military presence or vocate can, according to her lawyers. supply government intervention on air bags ("In to go slow with any withdrawals in this time "information" and support the President by that situation you're not totally in control of continuing post-Vietnam transition. explaining his programs. of your own safety") and on the saccharin That especially means leaders of ASEAN, "I've never worked so hard in my life," she issue as perfectly legitimate. the five-nation Association of Southeast said in a recent interview. She says she is an avid reader of The New Asian Nations, and Japan. But it also in­ If the seven-year fight for an agency to act Yorker magazine-"Their short stories are cludes the Chinese. who. for examole, have as the consumer's voice in government should delightful"-and a steady watcher of TV's reoortedly told us that only Moscow would end in a victory, Mrs. Peterson would be out Masterpiece Theater. She is fond of both Bar­ benefit from the removal of U.S. bases from of a job-and that is fine by her. The agency, tok and the Brandenberg concertos-"But the Philiooines. she says, "ts the one thing I want to see hap­ for real relaxation I put on Brahms and In that political context. President Carter's pen, then bow out." Mozart." plan for a phased withdrawal of U .S. ground Opponents to the bill argue that the agency troops from South Korea has been a disturb­ would add another unneeded layer of bureau­ ing symbol, despite its long-range reasonable­ cracy to government and that because its GENERAL TAX REVENUES FOR ness and Administration reassurances. powers would be vast, it could be used to the SOCIAL SECURITY We aren't sure. just how the 25th Division political advantage of those controlling it. fits into present Asia defense strategy, or But, says Mrs. Peterson, "I find that so what Its elimination or transfer to the Main­ many people talking against this bill have HON. WILLIAM M. BRODHEAD land would mean in that regard. never read it-they've swallowed hook, line, But it would seem that such a move, taken and sinker the propaganda that's been put OF MICHIGAN wt th the psychological impact of the Korean out about it." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES troops withdrawal, would be another unfor­ Most publicized or Mrs. Peterson's run-ins Wednesday, July 27, 1977 tunate political signal to an Asia which sees on the bill was U .S . Chamber of Commerce the U .S. as a vital factor but wonders about president Richard Lesher's reference to her Mr. BRODHEAD. Mr. Speaker. the fol­ our resolve. criticism of intense business lobbying lowing statement, which I today sub- July 27, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25365 mitted to the House Ways and Means and the benefits go almost entirely to the allow important tax relief for low and middle Subcommittee on Social Security, ex­ elderly-their grandparents. income workers. Another advantage would plains the many benefits which I believe Social Security maintains a trust fund be that it would encourage additional hir­ would result from using general tax which is merely a contingency fund. The ing. A reduction in the payroll tax for both fund currently contains approximately employers and employees would provide tax revenues to finance a portion of social enough money (about $35 billion) to pay relief to industry for the creation of more security benefits: benefits for approximately six months. jobs. I would propsoe a phased-in use of gen­ STATEMENT OF HON. WILLIAM M. BRODHEAD, In 1976, the So;::ial Security Administra­ eral tax revenues with a goal of paying one­ A REPRESENTATIVE IN CONGRESS FROM THE tion was forced to dip into this trust fund third of the system's cost from this source STATE OF MICHIGAN for $3.2 billion to make up the difference within the next seven to 10 years. A great many Americans are deeply con­ between money coming in and benefit pay­ I believe that this could be done without cerned about the Social Security system be­ ments going out. Next year, it is projected new taxes and without substantially increas­ cause of announcements by public officials that $5.6 billion will be withdrawn from the ing the federal government's debt. To under­ that the Social Security trust fund is "per­ trust fund. stand how, look at the pattern of the last ilously low" or near "complete exhaustion." Thi5 short-term deficit is largely due to 10 years. We have seen substantial reduc­ It is true that the system has its problems, our carrent economic problem>: it has been tion in federal income tax rates and sub­ but benefits aren't going to stop and Social brought on by the dual pressures of infla­ stantial increases in the Social Security tax Security isn't going bankrupt. tion and recession. Because Congress enacted rate. By eliminating a good part of future The system's revenues in 1976 totaled $71.6 an automatic cost-of-living increase in Social income tax reductions we would gradually billion, making Social Security the second Security, benefits have gone up with the lower the Social Security tax. In recent years, largest source of federal government income, rate of inflation. At the same time, revenues the trend has been to lower the progressive exceeded only by the income tax. This year have been eroded by high unemployment, income tax and increase the regressive Social Social Security will provide support for over since millions of American are out of work Security tax. I am proposing to keep the 33 million people--or one out of every seven and are, therefore, not paying payroll taxes. federal income tax rates relatively level and Americans. Twenty-five million senior citi­ There is also a long-run financing prob­ to substantially lower the Social Security zens will have some of their medical ex­ lem, since projections show that the system tax. The effect of these changes would be penses paid by the Social Security-funded is likely to face even greater deficits around tax relief for the low-paid worker, no in­ Medicare program. the turn of the century. A relatively smaller creases for the middle and upper income The system today covers about 90 percent number of workers will have to provide bene­ worker, and the overall impact of federal of American workers. The coverage itself has fits for a relatively larger retired population. taxes would be fairer. been gradually expanded to include old age, The reason for this is that a high birth rate This proposal also offers the best chance survivors, disability, and most recently, med­ in the 1940's and 1950's has been followed of solving the deficit problem since it ties ical insurance. Benefit levels are now tied by by a low birth rate in the 1960's and 1970's. the fate of the Social Security system to the law to the cost of living. Today, there are about three workers for most prolific money raiser ever devised by Since its inception, Social Security has every retiree; as this century ends, this ratio any government anywhere-the federal in­ been financed by a payroll tax. This tax may drop for a time to two to one. come tax. This would tend to unify and (called FICA) is the most regressive of all simplify both the collection and the disburs­ Another reason for this long-term deficit ing of money for these programs. federal taxes; that is, it takes a larger per­ is a mistake in the Social Security benefit centage from the income of lower-paid formula. The formula inadvertently makes a General revenues would have the addi­ workers than it does from higher paid ones. double correction for inflation for those tional advantage of providing fairer financ­ There are several reasons for this: First, workers who have not yet retired. Clearly, ing for the aspect of Social Security which is the tax is levied on every dollar a low-paid Congress never intended this. Eliminating in fact welfare. Over the years, Congress has worker earns, since there are no exemptions this mistake (called "decoupling") would increasingly recognized the problem of pov­ or deductions for such items as family size decerase the projected longterm deficit by erty among the aged by raising Social Se­ and medical expenses. Second, the payroll 50 percent. The other half of this deficit curity benefits for low income persons. Today, tax is levied only against wages; investment must be met by finding a new source of the minimum Social Security benefit far ex­ income is totally free from the payroll tax. revenue. ceeds a strict actuarial return on taxes paid. Third, the rate itself is a fiat 5.85 percent, and If this again suggests to you that we look Thus, a portion of the present obligations there is a limit (currently $16,500) on how to the federal income-tax financed general of the Social Security system are more akin much income is taxed. The result of these fund, then consider the benefit problem. to welfare than to Social Security. These benefits should be financed through the same factors is that the effective tax rate declines Despite recent benefit increases, Social Se­ as a worker's wages rise beyond $16,500. For source as an other federal welfare programs: curity benefit payments still are less than the progressive income tax. example, the rate for a person who earns $5.- what the federal government itself says is a 000 is 5.85 percent; those who earn $25,000 poverty level. The average payment to a sin­ contribure 3.86 percent of their income, and gle individual in 1976 equalled only $2,700; those earning $50,000 pay only 1.93 percent. the average payment to a couple was $4,500. Millions of people pay more in Social In addition, Social Security provides rela­ RHODESIA ESTATE BECOMES FOR­ Security (FICA) tax than they pay in fed­ tively low returns to women who have worked TRESS AFTER MASSACRE eral income tax. Even low-paid workers who all their lives and contributed to the system. are officially classified as living in poverty These benefit levels and inequities must be and exempted from federal income tax still viewed in light of the fact that more than must pay several hundred dollars per year half of all Social Security recipients have no HON. LARRY McDONALD in Social Security tax. other income whatsoever. OF GEORGIA If the idea occurs to you at this point that To increase the adequacy of Social Security IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it would be a lot fairer to finance at least benefits, I believe we should raise the mini­ Wednesday, July 27, 1977 part of Social Security from the federal in­ mum benefit floor for all Social Security re­ come tax, you should consider some other cipients. Today, the minimum benefit for a Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, all the facts about the Social Security system. single retiree is $1,371.60 per year, and for venom of the western press appears to be The original idea behind Social Security a married couple it is $2,059.20 per year. The directed against the whites in Rhodesia, was that the government would set aside a maximum benefits are currently $5,245.20 for but it is significant to note that the eco­ part of a worker's earnings for his use in an individual and $7,867.80 for a couple. I be­ later years. Benefits as an "earned right" lieve we should raise these amounts sub­ nomic and military measures taken appeal to the great majority of Americans, stantially. Increasing benefit levels would against Rhodesia usually hurt the blacks and the concept has provided the program bring about substantial additional costs, and in Rhodesia. The majority of the "ter­ with a broad base of support. Actually, Social these costs could only be paid by finding a rorist" incidents result in black deaths, Security is financed on a yearly basis; that new source of revenue, since the present pay­ not white ones. The so-called liberation is, taxes collected in any year are used to roll tax is so burdensome for both employers fronts battling Rhodesia are not at­ pay benefits in that same year. and employees. tempting to win the fight by the persua­ For example, in 1976, Social Security col­ These then are the factors that have led me siveness of their own arguments but by lected $71.6 billion in taxes and paid out to the conclusion that general revenue fi­ sheer terror. However, in at least one $75.6 billion in benefits. Social Security, nancing is essential. Let's look at the im­ therefore, is really a direct transfer of funds provements in the system that would result. case this terror tactic was counterpro­ from those who work to those who do not General revenues would solve the problem ductive. The London Daily Telegraph of from the younger working class population t~ of the unfairness of the tax by making it July 21, 1977, reports how a terrorist the elderly, the ill, and the disabled. The possible not only to halt further increases attack backfired and turned an apa­ basic burden of the tax is on younger blue­ in the payroll tax (FICA) but to provide re­ thetic black workforce on a tea planta­ collar workers-especially working couples- ductions in that tax. This would in turn tion into a small army of dedicated anti- 25366 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1977 terrorists. Yet, the Carter administration anyone wandering through the valley after sive" profits can be computed with such pre­ dark. cision. At best, such refunds represent over­ continues its policy of befriending the As the terrorists gave as their only reason zealous, counterproductive, bureaucratic fly­ terrorists which will only result in an­ for massacring the workers that they were specking .. .. other black African dictatorship ruled working for Europeans for slave wages, all by whomever can command the most tea pluckers now carry a written certificate It is clear that renegotiation is a justi­ guns from Moscow. The news item of their minimum weekly wage in case they fiable wartime process. However during follows: are stopped by the guerrillas and asked how peacetime the defense procurement sys­ RHODESIA ESTATE BECOMES FORTRESS AFTER much they earn. tem provides ample safeguards which MASSACRE render renegotiation unnecessary. It (By Richard Cecil) must be stressed that the peacetime pro­ curement environment is not one in Terrorists of Mr. Mugabe's liberation army THE RENEGOTIATION REFORM ACT took 35 tea plantation workers from an estate which renegotiation was intended to on the Mozambique border, piled them into serve. I refer my colleagues to the fol­ a heap in front of their wives and children HON. MARK W. HANNAFORD lowing excerpts: and machine-gunned the heap killing 27, on Renegotiation as we know it commenced Dec. 19 last year. OF CALIFORNIA with the United States' entry into World Few people thought that the tea business, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES War n. It was a sophisticated, flexible ap­ an important contributor to Rhodesia's ex­ Wednesday, July 27, 1977 proach to an age-old problem. And, to its ports, would survive. great credit, both World War II and Korean Terrified tea pluckers vanished into the Mr. HANNAFORD. Mr. Speaker, in procurement were virtually scandal free. As hills. For weeks it looked as though the view of the pending legislation on the a procurement device, it can and has done estates would never again find the labour an excellent job under such circumstances. prepared to risk working for White employ­ Renegotiation Act, I am submitting the following excerpts from an article titled, In comparing now with then from the ers so near to the bases of the massacre's standpoint of economic context, there is no perpetrators. "Renegotiation: Where We Are Now," better starting point than the United States But eight months later the estate does sur­ by Vincent C. Page, which I believe will Supreme Court decision in Lichter v. United vive-as a fortress. It is particularly vulner­ be of interest to my colleagues. States. 334 U.S. 742. For students and practi­ able. It lies only one-and-a-half miles from Mr. Page served as a Renegotiation tioners in renegotiation, it is "must" read­ the Mozambique border in the notorious Board counsel immediately following ing. Honde Valley. A posting dreaded by the The Lichter decision excerpts portions of Rhodesian Army. World War II and has also served as a special counsel representing the Defense the President's State of the Union Message DANGEROUS STRETCH Department in a number of contract and of January 6, 1942, wherein the President For them it has proved one of the most states the objective involved in smashing the dangerous stretches of bush, its lush green tax cases. The article, in its entirety, may axis powers and producing the necessary undergrowth hiding a million ambush posi­ be found in the Federal Bar Journal, vol. weapons and supplies for global war for our­ tions and one of the heaviest infestations of 35, No. 1, and in the Yearbook of Pro­ selves and our allies. He speaks of the neces­ terrorists in the country. Against these odds, curement Articles, vol. 13 0976) . sity of producing not just a superior supply, as the estate owners admit, there seemed The author raises several points which but rather an overwhelming supply of muni­ little hope. support the Hannaford-Mccloskey tions, planes, and ships. He speaks of raising But, paradoxically, it may owe its survival amendment to abolish the Renegotia­ production far above current levels as fol­ to the massacre. The 800-strong workforce, tion Board during peacetime. As the arti­ lows: who before were a.pathetic to, or even sym­ "1. To increase our production rate of air­ pathetic to, the guerrilla cause, are now cle stresses, the board was created to planes so rapidly that in this year, 1942, we solidly behind the Europe owners and nurse cope with the peculiar problems of war­ shall produce 60,000 planes, 10,000 more than a bitter hatred of the men who murdered time defense procurement. During pe­ the goal set a year and a half ago. This in­ and maimed so many of their friends and riods of national emergency, the "rene­ cludes 45,000 combat planes-bombers, dive­ relations. gotiation device served the country well." bombers, pursuit planes. The rate of increase Before the killings the labour force resisted However, as Mr. Page adds, "Since will be continued, so that next year, 1943, all attempts to put them behind wire fences then-the board has had slim pickings, we shall produce 125,000 airplanes, including for their own protection. Now seven separate and, as a consequence, its administra­ 100.000 combat planes. defended areas protect their living quarters, "2. To increase our production rate of and volunteers from the workers have been tion has necessarily become more arbi­ tanks so rapidly that in this year, 1942, we formed into a mini private army armed with trary and uneven." In fact, current net shall produce 45,000 tanks; and to continue shotguns and rifies and trained by Black recoveries by the board range between that increase so that next year, 1943, we shail soldiers from the Rhodesian Army. one-tenth and one-twentieth of 1 percent produce 75,000 tanks. They have beaten off three attacks by the of procurement cost as compared to 1.5 "3. To increase our production rate of anti­ guerrillas on the tea pluckers in the fields percent during World War II. aircraft guns so rapidly that in this year, since the December massacre. As the author plainly states, "rene­ 1942, we shall produce 20,000 of them; and to BODIES DISPLAYED gotiation was neither designed nor con­ continue that increase so that next year, Twice when the Army have killed guerrillas stitutionally validated to operate" dur­ 1943, we shall produce 35,000 antiaircraft in the Honde Valley they have displayed the ing peacetime. Page emphasizes that the guns. bodies to the estate workers to demonstrate "4. To increase our production rate of mer­ their success. Both times the managers have original Renegotiation Act, while au­ chant ships so rapidly that in this year, 1942, had to intervene to prevent enraged tea thorizing the Board to determine and re­ we shall build 8,000,000 deadweight tons as pluckers from attacking and dismembering move excess profits, does not "direct, compared with a 1941 production of 1,100,- the bodies. empower, or equip the board" to deter­ 000. We shall continue that increase so that "We want to kill them the same way they mine "reasonable" or "adequate" profits. next year, 1943, we shall build 10,000,000 killed us." Victor Ncube, one of the eight However, a review of the Board's cur­ tons ... . survivors of the massacre, told me. Ncube rent activities indicates that it is not One cannot read this State of the Union survided despite four bullets through the engaged in "excess profit" determina­ Message without being caught up in the legs because he was at the bottom of the pile magnitude of the undertaking and the all­ of bodies and shielded by his friends. tions; rather, the Board is "shaving" pervasive effect on the economy, from the "They do not know what they are doing," profits to fit its arbitrary standards of largest enterprise to the smallest village he said. "They promised us silly things which "reasonable" or "adequate" profits. For machine shops, the complete diversion of will never happen. But it's easier now we example, the author cites cases in which: virtually all raw materials to the war effort, have guns. We are able to defend ourselves - Profits on sales of jet engines are nar­ and the compelling necessity for speed. Nor­ from the hyenas-they are not human rowed from 10.6 percent to 10.4 percent. mal methods of procurement had to be aban­ beings." Profits on sales of aerospace parts are doned. Forecasting of costs became nothing PUNISH AND ROB shaved from 10.6 percent to 9.9 percent. more than informal guesswork. Advance Another guard, John Chitengwa, said: Profits on sales of machined parts are billing prices to accommodate immediate "Freedom fighters fight for the people to be commencement of production often had free, not kill comrades. They punish and rob reduced from 11.9 percent to 11.1 per­ little relation to actual experience . ... and kill innocent people-most of us have cent. Again, it must be said that on an overall dead parents, dead friends-they are hyenas. The author aptly states that: basis the renegotiation device served the When they come we want to blast them all Under current economic conditions, it is country well with regard to the emergency away." highly doubtful that these amounts can procurement conditions attendant on the For the workers who still live outside the properly or even constitutionally be consid­ Korean conflict, and Board statistics reflect estate, life has also changed. A curfew is ered "excessive" within the meaning of the this ~act. Since then, however, the Board has enforced at night and the Army will shoot Act. Neither "reasonable" profits nor "exces- had slim pickings, and, as a consequence, its July 27, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25367 administration has necessarily become more current economic c cnditions, it is highly arbitrary and uneven .... doubtful that these amounts can properly facts compiled by her own Administra­ Currently, net recoveries approximate be­ or even constitutionally be considered "ex­ tion, I feel compelled to offer these ob­ tween 1/ 10 and 1 / 20 of 1 percent of procure­ ce[sivtJ" within the meaning of the Act. servations in balance. ment cost as compared to 1.5 percent during Neither "reasonable" profits nor " excessive" First. Ms. Claybrook states that I "took World War II. Moreover, most of the so­ profit::; can be c::>mputed with such precision. very specific and limited seat belt use called recoveries for the last few years were At best, such refunds represent overzealous. statistics and erroneously catapulted it made by unilateral order, rather than by counterprcductivc, bureaucratic flyspeck­ into a general rule." bilateral agreement. Renegotiation simply ing.... In fact, I observed that NHTSA's re­ cannot operate in this fashion. It is counter­ Finally, in the present context, Congress productive and either increases cost, gen­ should consider the fact that most of the port DOT HS 802 035, page iv, shows a erates acquisition, or drives the best talent contractors from which a refund is exacted 44.2 percent usage for lap and lap­ away from government procurement .... these days, and for many years past, are first­ shoulder harnesses in 1975 model cars in And so where are we now? First, the eco­ timers. In this regard, renegotiation performs towaway accidents. Interlocks were dis­ nomic co'ntext is the reverse of that which in very much the same fashion as the great continued in 1975 models produced after existed during World Wu II and Korea. white shark in the current epic "Jaws." Its October 28, 1974, so only a few had inter­ Competition, even at the major systems level, overall effect on procurement is insignificant, locks. It is completely reasonable to ex­ is fierce and made even more so what with but it can kill or badly cripple an individual i:ect that future usage in accidents will technical transfusion, auction techniques, contractor-particularly a small contractor. "best and finals" and so-called "parallel de­ Athough there are relatively few attacks­ attain the level actually observed in 1975 velopment." From the top down, competition last year the Board took 153 bites around the models as older cars with poorer belt de­ increases. There are 25,000 subscribers to the country out of thousands of government con­ signs are retired. Indeed recent studies Commerce Daily. Renegoti;;i.tion was neither tractors swimming in the government con­ show that safety belt usage can be sig­ designed nor constitutionally validated to tract sea-it cost those contractors 70 mil­ nificantly increased through proper edu­ operate in this framework . .. . lion dollars gross and about 35 million dollars cation and promotion. In any event, assuming the continued net. The effect on many of these contractors Second. Ms. Claybrook claims that air­ existence of this measure, the principal prob­ was devastating-the effect in relation to the bags could save 9,000 lives per year. This lems have been, and \Nill be, administration procurement budget was zilch-about 1/ 10 and court decisions. In this regard, it might of 1 percent. . . . claim is based on laboratory tests with be useful to point out tl"lat while the inflexi­ There is no significant reward in renego­ dummies in airbag cars coupled with un­ ble mind of bureaucracy always seeks mathe­ tiation for real efficiency. In today's climate. substantiated assumptions. The fact is matical exactitude (despite Harry Truman's and in a counterproductive effort to "cap­ that real-world data, compiled by warning), "excessive profits" are no more ture the last dollar of so-called excessive NHTSA, contradicts the conclusions capable of precise definition than character profits," the Board is forced to operate on drawn by NHTSA from the laboratory of business, risk, efficiency, or contribution an illegal cost plus a percentage cost basis. tests. Furthermore, the National Motor to the defense effort. 'Ibis is as it should be Cost plus a percentage of cost analysis such becau ~ e there are an endless variety of ele­ Vehicle Safety Advisory Council, an ad­ as represented by the so-called "weighted visory body to the Secretary of Trans­ ments which influence what is excessive and guidelines" can only be legally used prospec­ what is reasonable in each individual tively to establish profit objectives during portation, adopted a Resolution on No­ instance.... contract negotiations. It might even be used vember 14, 1974, stating, in part, that The most important consideration in a::l­ post-performance as a check. But its use in " ... the analysis indicates that mathe­ ministration at both the Board and court attempting to fix a reasonable profit retro­ matical projection and tests with dum­ level is the fact that the Renegotiati::m Act actively in renegotiation puts contractors on mies do not predict with sufficient accu­ empowers the Board to determine excess notice that higher costs would yield poten­ racy the potential value of these determine or fix a "reasonable" sive) restraints in actual use," refuting United States, U .S. Ct. Cl. Trial Division No. the value of laboratory tests at all. The or "adequate" profit. There is a world of dif­ 589-71, filed July 23, 1975.) ference. Somehow over the years, the bureau­ Council went on to recommend that rule­ cratic notion has become apparent even in making on passive restraints be delayed some court decisions that the way to deter­ until actual field effectiveness is estab­ mine excess profits is first to determine a so­ NHTSA PROVIDES ERRONEOUS AND lished. called "adequate profit." The "adequate Third. Ms. Claybrook boldly states pr.Jfit" is then deducted from the profit ac­ MISLEADING INFORMATTON ON tually earned, and, voil;i,, the precise amount AffiBAGS TO MEMBERS OF CON­ that-- of excessive profits to the penny emerges. But GRESS The fact is, airbags are four times as as Harry Truman pointed out in 1943, " over­ effective in preventing fatalities as safety zealou::: administra.ti.Jn of the vast powers belts ... delegated b y the renegotiation law could be HON. BUD SHUSTER Unless this claim can be supported by seriously detrimental to the war (now read OF PENNSYLVANIA "defense") effort." The best that can be facts, it is no fact--it is nothing more achieved is the elimination of profits that are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES than so many words. clearly excessive l'l.nd unjustified, not profits Wednesday, July 27, 1977 All the words in the dictionary will which are legitimately earned even though not change the facts that NHTSA's own they may be "high" or "above average." Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, the Con­ data of real-world experience thus far After ali, price measures an undefinable de­ gress, if permitted to vote on the issue, indicates: sirability-not just cost. will be faced with the decision of whether In 230 towaway crashes of airbag~ The schizophrenic unevenness in both ra­ or not to support the National High­ tionale and result exhibited in many Board equipped cars: The bag did not inflate in way Traffic Safety Administration­ 97 crashes or 42 percent of the time; 4 and court decisions are a direct consequence NHTSA-a irbag / passive restraint order of an attemut to determine and fix a reason­ fatalities occurred, making the fatality able or adequate profit rather than t:> follow for all cars beginning in 1981. On the rate 1.7 percent; and 32 injuries occurred, the mandate of Congress to remove only these basis of Government data I have seen, making the injury rate 13.9 percent. profits which are clearly excessive. (e.g., I believe the mandate is a mistake-com­ In 4,032 towaway crashes where safety Major Coat Company, Inc. v., United States, parable in proportions to the buzzer­ belts were worn: 12 fatalities occurred, U.S. Ct. Cl.. Trial Division No. 31-72, filed interlock fiasco of a few years ago-and making the fatality rate 0.3 percent; and July 25, 1975; Mason & Hanger-Silas Mason could substantially set back the cause of 239 injuries occurred, making the injury Co., v. United States, Trial Division No. 616- highway safety. There are those in the rate 5.0 percent. 71, filed August 9 , 1974.) Mcreover, the Congress, on the other hand, who believe Bo3rd.'s own statistics are conclusive evidence Even if one accepts the unsupported of the tendency to "shave" profits by order­ the mandate is justifiable. NHTSA assertion that some towaway ing refunds which amount to a very small Some of those Members circulated a crashes with airbags were not reported, fraction of the sales in question: profits re­ "Dea.r Colleague" letter dated July 22 re­ and adjusts the NHTSA data to reflect duced from 10.6 percent to 10.4 percent on 1.1 ferring to "erroneous and misleading" national towaway rates-as I did in the billion dollars in sales (jet engines); from statements made about airbags, and en­ attachment to my July 5 statement­ 10.6 percent to 9.9 percent on 42.8 million dol­ closed a copy of a letter from NHTSA safety belts are still more than three lars in sales (aerospace parts): from 11.9 Administrator Joan Claybrook, critical percent to 11.1 percent on 2.7 million dollars times as effective in saving lives as are in sales (machined parts) . Cases are common of my statement of July 18. airbags. where the hard dollar recovery to the govern­ Since Ms. Claybrook's letter, in my NHTSA argues that this is not enough ment is insignificant in relation to the con­ opinion, not only fails the test of objec­ data to quantitatively measure the in­ tractor's volume (less than 1 percent). Under tivity, but in many instances ignores jury and fatality reducing effectiveness C:XXIII--1597-Part 20 25368 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 27, 1977 of airbags and I say amen. Go and get airbag-equipped cars, and the average but a person of proven integrity and de­ enough data and then come to us with savings amounted to less than 1 percent votion to truth who can carry the day, your airbag mandate. of the annual premium. who can persuade by the power of his Fourth. Ms. Claybrook asserts that Ninth. Ms. Claybrook states that my reputation. That is why I am glad to re­ three of the four deaths which occurred "claim that up to 30,000 inadvertent port that Sam J. Ervin, U.S. Senator in airbag equipped cars could not have actuations will occur each year is not from North Carolina, 1954-75, and inter­ been prevented by any restraint system. supported by the evidence." I did not nationally known as the respected chair­ Even if this speculative assumption were initially claim that the 30,000 figure was man of the Senate Watergate Committee true, would it not be equally true for an annual rate, but rather believed it was has put the force of his personality and safety belt data? possible to realize that many accidental his great reputation on the line against Fifth. Ms. Claybrook says that airbag inflations during the life of a fleet of air­ the proposed tax-financed congressional effectiveness has been proven in exten­ bag cars. However, a further review of campaigns. sive and carefully controlled laboratory NHTSA data indicates that I was too Here we have a living symbol of in­ tests. But what Ms. Claybrook fails to conservative in my estimates, and in­ tegrity, a man the media have praised realize is that people just don't drive in deed the data justifies estimating 30,000 for his dedication to the highest prin­ laboratories-they drive on roads. And inadvertent inflations annually. This ciples, telling plain truths about the evils studies conducted with cars on roads is based upon 12 inadvertent inflations of tax-financed campaigns. It is my show thus far that safety belts are safer in 34,000 car years-as reported by pleasure to place in the RECORD at this than airbags. NHTSA-which, when extrapolated to time "Tax Financed Campaigns a Further, the highly touted laboratory 100 million cars, works out to approxi­ Threat," by Sam Ervin, published in the tests, upon close examina,tion, do not mately 30,000 inadvertent inflations Chicago Tribune, July 26, 1977: support airbags as the best system, DOT annually. Report HS-801-719 concludes: "We feel Additionally, Ms. Claybrook chooses TAX-FINANCED CAMPAIGNS A THREAT that ... the air belt-not bag-has the not to count accidental inflations that do (By Sam J. Ervin, Jr.) potential for the lowest injury levels of not occur on the road. While promises of I fear my former colleagues in the United any restraint system ever developed." design improvements to prevent these States Congress, anxious to rid politics of the last remnants of Watergate-type scan­ occurrences may be comforting to some ~ NHTSA vehicle research expert Thomas dals, may be close to damaging the very in­ H. Glenn stated in SAE No. 740579, "Seat they provide no comfort at all to those stitution they hope to strengthen. belt systems offered to the motorist are who will have to shell out $325 and up Several proposals have been introduced a very effective and low-cost safety to replace a non-highway accidental in both the House of Representatives and system." inflation. the Senate which would provide for tax­ Sixth. Ms. Claybrook promises "sub­ In statements that I have made on the payer financing for congressional cam­ stantial insurance savings" to offset pur­ subject of airbags, I have emphasized paigns, in much the same manner as the chase and operating costs of airbag sys­ that if the real-world evidence showed presidential campaigns are financed every that airbags would save lives, I would four years. tems when the airbag is fully mandated. What t hey may fail to recognize, however. While this is a noble promise, it, too, is vigorously support airbags. That was an in their zeal to remove any taint of "special not borne out in fact. As reported in my open invitation to anyone who could interest" money, is not only the potentially July 18 statement, although three major make a compelling case, based on fact, terrible financial burden t hey may be lay­ auto insurance companies now offer dis­ to do so. ing on the taxpayer's shoulders but the counts, these discounts average less than I hope that this information may pro­ damage they may be doing to the election 1 percent of annual premimum costs. vide a balance to the claims being circu­ system itself. It's very nice for the insurance com­ lated by NHTSA and the airbag lobby. Under many of the proposals being con­ and that you, and all Members of the sidered. only minimal requirements are es­ panies to establish a discount policy, but tablished before federal funds are made the facts are that their agents are not House, will form your opinions on the available to ccngressional candidates. One writing them. basis of cold, hard facts, and not emo­ proposal in the House even extends the con­ Additionally, Ms. Claybrook chooses to tional rhetoric, or "laboratory tests". cept beyond the general election to include ignore the added cost of collision cover­ Ms. Claybrook's intemperate language, primaries as well. Thus, one net effect of age which would occur as a result of the suggesting that those Members of Con­ the bills. if they become law. would be the higher cost of repairing a damaged air­ gress who dare to disagree with her are proliferation of "splinter candidates" or bag equipped car. Someone has to pay "contortionists" hardly dignifies the posi­ "one issue candidates" much as we saw in the early days of the presidential campaign for replacing airbags-and it won't be tion of public trust she holds. last year. the insurance companies. In summary, NHTSA and the airbag This proliferation of campaigns and in­ Seventh. Ms. Claybrook claims that lobby can make assumptions and esti­ dividual candidacies would have two detri­ the replacement cost for airbags, spread mates based on "laboratory tests", and mental effects on the electoral system. First. over the entire auto population, would they can discount their own real-world it would tend to drain the federal funds be $5 per car. The fact is that for many data as not being reliable, but do we early in the primary season with a large people-indeed, most people-it will be really want to force the airbag on mil­ number of candidates drawing from the nothing. For others, however, who must federal till. And, second, it would tend to lions of Americans before we have the accelerate the demise of the two-party sys­ replace the airbag, it will be at least proof that it works? tem on the national level, leading us down $325-one recent documented replace­ the coalition road already travelled by many ment cost over $600. Uninsured motorists of our Western allies. will have to foot the entire cost. Insured One of the most compelling arguments motorists will have to pay the cost up to SA!Vl ERVIN'S CASE AGAINST TAX­ against taxpayer financing of congressional the limit of their deductible. For acci­ FINANCED CONGRESSIONAL CAM­ campaigns is that, according to the Internal dental inflations, both insured and un­ PAIGNS Revenue Service, only about 25 per cent of insured motorists will have to bear the the American taxpayers have gone along entire cost, out of pocket. So while $5 with the dollar check-off on their in-::ome may not sound like much-and in isola­ HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL returns for presidential elections. Thus, if OF ILLINOIS the process is expanded to include congres­ tion, it is not-no one will in fact pay sional campaigns without a parallel expan­ that amount. Many will pay hundreds of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sion of public interest and participation, dollars more. Wednesday, July 27, 1977 the U .S . Treasury might be forced to under­ Eighth. In response to my survey of write political campaigns out of tax monies insurance companies, Ms. Claybrook says Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, there are pledged for other, more worthwhile that today's insurance rates "obviously innumerabl2 arguments that have been projects. would not reflect these savings" since made against the proposals to finance Administratively. the proposals would very few cars are airbag equipped. But congressional campaigns with tax dol­ cause outrageous havoc. In testimony before according to the insurance companies lars. These arguments to me are over­ the House Administration Committee re­ cently, Ralph K. Winter, professor of .law at promoting the airbag, the discounts are whelming and persuasive and I have out­ Yale University, said, "It has been esti­ offered now, and the savings should be lined my objection to such a raid on the mated that the auditing of 15 presidential reflected by insurance rates for airbag­ taxpayers paycheck. But I know that candidates consumed 35 person-years of equipped cars. My survey considered only very often it is not an argument as such, labor by the Federal Election Commission in July 27, 197'1 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25369

1976." He rightly concludes that a proposed (P.L. 94-210), and amendments pro­ Select Intelligence expansion from those 15 presidential candi­ posed thereto. To resume hearings on a proposal to dates to possibly more than 1,000 congres­ 5110 Dirksen Building establish procedures for electronic sur­ sional candidates refutes itself. Select Committee on Indian Affairs veillance in the area of foreign intelli­ Further, public funding would place in Business meeting, to make up S. 785. gence (embodied in S. 1566). one executive branch agency, the Federal Paiute and Shoshone Tribes land bill; 1201 Dirksen Building Election Commission, massive discretionary S. 1560, the proposed Siletz Indian 11 :00 a.m. enforcement power which could increase the Tribe Restoration Act, and S. 1582 Ak­ Governmental Affairs potential for election-year mischief, similar Chin Indian community water bill. To resume hearings on the President's to what we saw exposed a few short years 318 Russell Building plan to reorganize the Executive Of­ ago. Delays in processing the required forms 10 : 00 a.m. fice of the President (Reorganization could leave candidates without any funds Budget plan No. 1). during critical periods in the campaign and To mark up second concurrent resolution 3302 Dirksen Buildin" it would be virtually impossible to deter­ on the Congressional Budget for fiscal AUGUST 2 mine later whether those delays were year 1978. 9:00 a.m. bureaucratic or political. 235 Russell Building Human Resources It is proper and appropriate that my Energy and Natural Resources Labor Subcommittee former colleagues consider measures such To continue mark up of S. 1469, proposed To continue hearings on S. 1871, to in­ as taxpayer financing for congressional cam­ National Energy Act. crease the Federal minimum wage. paigns, for it allows a full and open debate 3110 Dirksen Building 4232 Dirksen Building on the merits of the specific legislation Finance Judiciary rather than on the perceptions of the goals To hold a business meeting. Constitution Subcommittee sought. In this case, the goal is admirable 2221 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on S .J . Res. 1, 8, but the route being considered is wrong. F'Oreign Relations and 18, proposing an amendment to Arms Control, Oceans, and International the Constitution to provide for direct Environment Subcommittee popular election of the President and SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS To receive testimony on the results of Vice President of the United States. the recent Law of the Sea Conference. 1224 Dirksen Building Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, agreed 224 Russell Building 9:30 a.m. to by the Senate on February 4, 1977, Foreign Relations Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry calls for establishment of a system for a Foreign Assistance Subcommittee Environment, Soil conservation, and For­ computerized schedule of all meetings To receive testimony on S . 1771, the estry Subcommittee and hearings of Senate committees, sub­ Overseas Private Investment Corpora­ To hold hearings on S . 1280 and S . 1616, tion Amendments Act of 1977. bills to preserve, protect, and enhance committees, joint committees, and com­ 4221 Dirksen Building the Nation's soil and water resource mittees of conference. This title requires Human Resources base. all such committees to notify the Office To mark up S. 1391, proposed Hospital 322 Russell Building of the Senate Daily Digest-designated Cost Containment Act. Judiciary by the Rules Committee of the time, Until noon 4232 Dirksen Building Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee place, and purpose of all meetings when Select Committee on Indian Affairs To hold hearings on S. 1927, to promote scheduled, and any cancellations or To hold oversight hearings on the Bu­ competition in the energy industry. changes in meetings as they occur. reau of Indian Affairs budget process. 2228 Dirksen Building As an interim procedure until the 318 Russell Building 10:00 a.m. 11 a.m. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs computerization of this information be­ Select Committee on Indian Affairs To mark up s. 1664-1669, to amend in comes operational, the Office of the Sen­ To resume oversight hearings on the several regards the law as it pertains ate Daily Digest will prepare this infor­ present organization of the Bureau of to Federal regulations of financial in­ mation for printing in the Extension of Indian Affairs. stitutions. Remarks section of the CONGRESSIONAL 318 Russell Building 5302 Dirksen Building RECORD on Monday and Wednesday of AUGUST 1 Budget each week. 9 : 00 a .m To continue markup of second concur­ Any changes in committee scheduling Human Resources rent resolution on the Congressional Labor Subcommittee Budget for fiscal year 1978. will be indicated by placement of an 357 Russell Building asterik to the left of the name of the To resume hearings in S. 1871, to in­ crease the Federal minimum wage. Judiciary unit conducting such meetings. To hold hearings on the nomination of 4232 Dirksen Building Meetings scheduled for Thursday, John H. Shenefield of Virginia, to be July 29, 1977, may be found in the Daily Judiciary an Assistant Attorney General. Digest of today's RECORD. Constitution Subcommittee 2228 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on S.J . Res. 1, 8, Judiciary MEETINGS SCHEDULED and 18, proposing an amendment to Administrative Practice and Procedure JULY 29 the Constitution to provide for the di­ Subcommittee 8:00 a.m. rect popular election of the President To hold hearings on S. 1792, to remove Judiciary and Vice President of the United the authorization ceiling on the Ad­ Separation of Powers Subcommittee States. ministrative Conference of the U.S. To resume hearings on constitutional is­ 2228 Dirksen Building 6202 Dirksen Building sues associated with negotiations for 9 : 30 a .m . AUGUST 3 the disposition of the Panama Canal Environment and Public Works 9 :00 a.m. Zone and of U.S. facilities located To hold hearings on the nomination of Human Resources therein. S . David Freeman, of Maryland, to be a Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ 2228 Dirksen Building member of the TVA, to be followed by mittee 9:00 a .m. cons1de! ation of this nomination and To hold joint hearings with the Select Energy and Natural Resources the following other nominations: Mar­ Committee on Intelligence on drug To hold hearings on the nomination of ion Edey, of the District of Columbia, testing by the CIA. Hazel R. Rollins, of the District of to be a member of the Council on En­ 1202 Dirksen Building Columbia, to be an Assistant Adminis­ vironmental Quality; William Drayton, trator of the F.E.A. of Massachusetts, to be Assistant Ad­ Human Resources Labor Subcommittee 3110 Dirksen Building ministrator of the E .P.A.; and Dent To continue hearings on S . 1871, to in­ 9 : 30 a.m. Forrest Hansen, of Massachusetts, Jo­ crease the Federal minimum wage. Armed Services seph M. Hendrie, of New York, and 4232 Dirksen Building Research and Development Subcommittee Peter A. Bradford, of Maine, each to be To receive further testimony in closed a memt er of the Nuclear Regulatory 9:30 a .m. session on S. 1863, proposed supple­ Comm.ssion. Environmental and Public Works mental authorizations for fiscal year 4200 Dirksen Building Resource Protection Subcommittee 1978 for the Department of Defense. 10 :00 a.m. To hold hearings on S. 1140, to encour­ 224 Russell Building Budget age and assist States to develop im­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation To continue mark up of second concur­ proved programs for the conservation Surface Transportation Subcommittee rent resolution on the Congressional of nongame species of native fisb and To resume oversight hearings on the Budget for fiscal year 1978. wildlife. Railroad Revitalization Act of 1976 357 Russell Building 4200 Dirksen Building 25370 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE July 28, 1977 10:00 a.m. Select Indian Affairs SEPTEMBER 12 Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To hold hearings on S . 1214, to estab­ 9:30 a.m. To continue markup of S. 1664-1669, to lish standards for the placement of Banking. Housing and Urban Affairs amend in several regards the law as Indian children in foster or adoptive To hold hearings on S. 1710, proposed it pertains to Federal regulations of homes, and S. 1509, to provide for the Federal Insurance Act of 1977. financial institutions. return to the U.S. of title to certain 5302 D irksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building lands conveyed to certain Indian SEPTEMBER 13 Foreign Relations pueblos of New Mexico. 9:30 a.m. Arms Control, Oceans and International 457 Russell Building Banking, Housing. and Urban Affairs Environment Subcommittee AUGUST 5 To continue hearings on S. 1710, pro­ To hold a closed, followed by an open, 9:00 a.m. posed Federal Insurance Act of 1977. session on the proposed Threshold Human Resources 5302 Dirksen Building Test Ban and Peaceful Nuclear Ex­ Labor Subcommittee 10 :00 a .m. plosions Treaties with the U.S.S.R. To continue hearings on S . 1871, to in­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation (Exec. N., 94th Cong., 2nd sess.). crease the Federal n1inimum wage. To hold hearings on the nomination of 4221 Dirksen Building 5232 Dirksen Building Donald L. Tucker, of Florida, to be a Governmental Affairs 9:30 a.m. member of the Civil Aeronautics To hold a hearing on the subject of Board. handling employment discrimination Judiciary complaints in the Senate. Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee SEPTEMBER 14 3302 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on S. 1927, to pro­ 9:30 a.m. mote competition in the energy in­ Banking. Housing. and Urban Affairs *Select Committee on Indian Affairs dustry. To continue hearings on S . 1710, pro­ To hold oversight hearings on the Bu­ 2228 Dirksen Buildlng posed Federal Insurance Act of 1977. reau of Indian Affairs budget process. 457 Russell Building AUGUST 23 5302 Dirksen Building 10 :00 a .m . Joint Economic 10:00 a.m. Economic Growth and Stabilization, and Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Select Committee on Indian Affairs Fiscal and Intergovernmental Policy International Finance Subco1nmittee To hold hearings on the concept of cre­ Subcommittees To hold hearings on the dimension of ating an independent Indian Agency. To resume joint hearings on the current national debts and payments deficits, R oom to be announced fiscal condition of cities. and the outlook for the future. SEPTEMBER 15 6226 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building 10:00 a .m. AUGUST4 AUGUST 24 Banking. Housing, and Urban Affairs 9:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. To mark up S. 1594 and H.R. 5959. to revise and extend the Renegotiation Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Banking. Housing. and Urban Affairs Environment, Soil Conservation, and For­ Act. International Finance Subccmmittee 5302 Dirksen Building estry Subcommittee To continue hearings on the dimension To continue hearings on S . 1280 and S. of national debts and payments def­ SEPTEMBER 21 1616, bills to preserve, protect, and icits, and the outlook for the future. 9 :30 a .m . enhance the Nation's soil and water 5302 Dirksen Building Veterans' Affairs resource base. To hold hearings on S. 364. Veterans' 322 Russell Building SEPTEMBER 8 Administration Administrative Pro­ Human Resources 9:00 a .m. cedure and Judicial Review Act. Labor Subcommittee Commerce, Science, and Transportation Until 1 p .m. Room to be announced To continue hearings on S. 1871. to in­ Consumer Subcommittee SEPTEMBER 28 crease the Federal minimum wage. To hold hearings on automatic auto 4232 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. crash protection devices. Veterans' Affairs 9:30 a.m. 5110 Dirksen Building To receive legislative recommendations Judiciary 10 :00 a.m. Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee from representatives of the American To continue hearings on S . 1927, to pro­ Select Committee on Indian Affairs Legion. mote competition in the energy in­ To hold hearings on Federal Indian 412 Russell Building dustry. Domestic Assistance programs. CANCELLATIONS 2228 Dirksen Building Room to be announced AUGUST 3 10:00 a.m. SEPTEMBER 9 9:30 a.m. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 9 :00 a.m. To mark up S. 1542, to extend to Sep­ Judiciary Commerce, Science, and Transportation tember 30, 1979, the Council on Wage Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee and Price Stability, and S . 1724, to Consumer Subcommittee To continue oversight hearings on the establish a Neighborhood Reinvest­ To continue heaings on automatic auto effectiveness of antitrust laws enforce­ ment Corporation. crash protection devices. ment. 5302 Dirksen Building 5110 Dirksen Building 2226 Dirksen Building

SENATE-Thursday, July 28, 1977