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Research Paper Vegetation Diversity in the High-Severity Burned Over Forest Areas in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

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Research Paper Vegetation Diversity in the High-Severity Burned Over Forest Areas in East Kalimantan, Indonesia Academia Journal of Agricultural Research 3(9): 213-218, September 2015 DOI: 10.15413/ajar.2015.0150 ISSN: 2315-7739 ©2015 Academia Publishing Research Paper Vegetation diversity in the high-severity burned over forest areas in East Kalimantan, Indonesia Accepted 26th August, 2015 ABSTRACT Sutrisno Hadi Purnomo1, Ariffien Bratawinata2, B.D.A.S. Simarangkir2 and The forests in Kalimantan, Indonesia were burned several times. Almost half of the Paulus Matius2 forest area was burned and the vegetation in the forest was destroyed. This research is generally aimed at finding what disturbed the forest vegetation 1 Post Graduate Program of Forestry towards its rehabilitation process. Particularly, the purpose of this research was to Science, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. find out the diversity of species. The plot used in this research was a single plot, 2Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman the scope was 100 × 100 m (1 ha). The result of the study found that there were 74 University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, species at the trees and poles level, 108 species at the stakes level and 55 species Indonesia. at the seedlings level. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Key words: Vegetation diversity, high severity burned. INTRODUCTION East Kalimantan, Indonesia is covered with low land 117°08 east longitude), Kutai Kartanegara district, East tropical rain forest which is dominated by different types of Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The plot used in this trees from Dipterocarpaceae family. Tropical rain forest is research was a single plot, the scope was 100 × 100 m (1 enriched with its flora diversity compared to other forest ha). This plot was then divided into several subplots with formation (Whitmore, 1984). Pristine tropical rain forests the scope of 10 × 10 m so as to observe the vegetation at encompass various types of vegetation. The forest in the tree and pole level. Moreover, the subplots were divided Kalimantan covers 40,000 types of different vegetation, and into sub-subplots with the width of 5 × 5 m to study the is considered as one of the richest forests in the world. stake vegetation and sub-subplot with the width of 1 × 1 m However, the forests in Kalimantan were on fire for several to identify the vegetation at seedling level. Morphological times, just like what happened in 1982/1983 (Matius, observation was performed directly in the field. To identify 1998), in 1994 (Kustiawan et al., 1999), and in 1997/1998 the name of the species at the tree, stake, stand, and bush (Bratawinata, 2002). Hence, almost half of the forest area level which were not recognised directly, thus specimen was burned severely and the vegetation in the forest was was done. Afterward, the specimen sample was identified at destroyed. The condition of the damaged forest vegetation the Herbarium. began to recover gradually. After nearly 16 years since the forest fire, the condition of forest vegetation was in secondary level. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION MATERIALS AND METHODS The result of the study found that there were 74 species at the trees and poles level, 108 species at the stakeslevel and The research was conducted from December 2013 to 55 species at the seedlings level. Those species are shown January 2014 in the burnt forest areas in Bukit Soeharto in Tables 1 to 3. (from 0°49 to 0°56 south latitude and from 117°00 to Tables 1 to 3 showed differences in the number of species Academia Journal of Agricultural Research; Purnomo et al. 214 Table 1. Species and families at the trees and poles level. No Species Family No Species Family 1 Alseodaphne elmeri Merr. Lauraceae 38 Gironniera nervosa Planch. Ulmaceae Gluta wallichii (Hook.f.) Ding 2 Antidesma neurocarpum Miq Euphorbiaceae 39 Anacardiaceae Hou 3 Antidesma tetandrum Blume Euphorbiaceae 40 Horsfieldia irya Warb Myristicaceae 4 Aporosa frutescens Blume Euphorbiaceae 41 Horsfieldia sp. Myristicaceae Knema pallens W.J.J.O. de 5 Aporosa nitida Merr. Euphorbiaceae 42 Myristicaceae Wilde Lithocarpus conocarpus 6 Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. Moraceae 43 Fagaceae (Oudem.) Rehder Lithocarpus coopertus 7 Artocarpus dadah Miq. Moraceae 44 Fagaceae (Blanco) Rehder Lithocarpus gracilis (Korth.) 8 Artocarpus elasticus Blume Moraceae 45 Fagaceae Soepadmo 9 Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. Moraceae 46 Litsea angulata Blume Lauraceae 10 Artocarpus nitidus Trec. Moraceae 47 Litsea firma (Blume) Hook.f. Lauraceae 11 Artocarpus tamaran Becc. Moraceae 48 Litsea garciae Vidal Lauraceae 12 Buchanania sessifolia Blume Anacardiaceae 49 Litsea odorifera Vahl Lauraceae Macaranga bancana (Miq.) 13 Calophyllum venulosum Zoll Guttiferae 50 Euphorbiaceae Müll.Arg. Macaranga conifera (Zoll.) 14 Canarium decumanum Gaertn Burseraceae 51 Euphorbiaceae Mull.Arg. Macaranga gigantea (Reichb.f. 15 Canarium hirsutum Willd Burseraceae 52 Euphorbiaceae & Zoll.) Müll.Arg. Macaranga hypoleuca 16 Canarium littorale Blume Burseraceae 53 Euphorbiaceae (Reichb.f.& Zoll.) Mull.Arg. 17 Canthium sp. Rubiaceae 54 Macaranga pearsonii Merr. Euphorbiaceae Cleistanthus myrianthus 18 Euphorbiaceae 55 Magnolia lasia Noot. Magnoliaceae (Hassk.) Kurz Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) 19 Hypericaceae 56 Mallotus affinis Merr Euphorbiaceae Dyer Cratoxylum sumatranum 20 Hypericaceae 57 Mallotus echinatus Elm Euphorbiaceae (Jack) Blume Dacryodes costata 21 Burseraceae 58 Mallotus leucodermis Hook f Euphorbiaceae (A.W.Benn.) H.J.Lam Dacryodes rugosa (Blume) Mallotus paniculatus (Lam.) 22 Burseraceae 59 Euphorbiaceae H.J.Lam Müll.Arg. Mallotus sumatranus (Miq.) 23 Dillenia excelsa (Jack) Gilg Dilleniaceae 60 Euphorbiaceae Airy Shaw 24 Dillenia reticulata King Dilleniaceae 61 Pentace laxiflora Merr. Tiliaceae 25 Dillenia sumatrana Miq Dilleniaceae 62 Pternandra galeata (Korth.) Melastomataceae Dipterocarpus humeratus 26 Dipterocarpaceae 63 Pternandra sp. Melastomataceae Sloot Durio acutifolius (Mast.) 27 Bombacaceae 64 Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth. Theaceae Kosterm. 28 Durio conicus Becc Bombacaceae 65 Shorea hemsleyana King Dipterocarpaceae Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. 29 Lauraceae 66 Shorea johorensis Foxw Dipterocarpaceae & Binn. 30 Ficus aurata Miq. Moraceae 67 Shorea parvifolia Dyer Dipterocarpaceae Ficus geocarpa Teysm & Shorea seminis (de Vriese) 31 Moraceae 68 Dipterocarpaceae Binnd Slooten 32 Ficus grossularioides Burm.f. Moraceae 69 Sterculia sp. Sterculiaceae 33 Garcinia celebica L Guttiferae 70 Timonius borneensis Vahl Rubiaceae 34 Garcinia parvifolia (Miq.) Miq. Guttiferae 71 Timonius sp. Rubiaceae Academia Journal of Agricultural Research; Purnomo et al. 215 Table 1 Contd. Species and families at the trees and poles level. No Species Family No Species Family 35 Garcinia sp. Guttiferae 72 Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham. Compositae 36 Gardenia anisophylla Jack Rubiaceae 73 Vitex pinnata L. Verbenaceae 37 Gardenia forsteniana Miq Rubiaceae 74 Vitex vestita Wall. Verbenaceae Table 2. Species and families at the stakes level. No Species Family No Species Family 1 Actinodaphne glabra Blume Lauraceae 55 Gironniera nervosa Planch. Ulmaceae 2 Aglaia laxiflora Miq Meliaceae 56 Glochidion arborescens Blume Euphorbiaceae Glochidion sericeum (Blume) 3 Alseodaphne elmeri Merr. Lauraceae 57 Euphorbiaceae Zoll. & Mor. Guioa pubescens (Zoll. & 4 Alstonia iwahigensis Elmer Apocynaceae 58 Sapindaceae Moritzi) Radlk. Anthocephalus chinensis 5 Rubiaceae 59 Hedyotis sp. Rubiaceae (Lamk.) A.Rich. ex Walp. 6 Antidesma neurocarpum Miq. Euphorbiaceae 60 Hopea rudiformis P.S.Ashton Dipterocarpaceae 7 Aporosa confusa Gage Euphorbiaceae 61 Horsfieldia irya (Gaertn.) Myristicaceae Aporosa dioica (Roxb.) Lepisanthes amoena (Hassk.) 8 Euphorbiaceae 62 Sapindaceae Müll.Arg. Leenh. Lithocarpus coopertus 9 Aporosa frutescens Blume Euphorbiaceae 63 Fagaceae (Blanco) Rehder 10 Aporosa nitida Merr. Euphorbiaceae 64 Litsea firma (Blume) Hook.f. Lauraceae Macaranga bancana (Miq.) 11 Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. Thymelaeaceae 65 Euphorbiaceae Müll.Arg. Archidendron clypearia (Jack) 12 Leguminosae-Mim. 66 Macaranga beccariana Merr. Euphorbiaceae I.C.Nielsen Archidendron jiringa (Jack) Macaranga conifera (Zoll.) 13 Leguminosae-Mim. 67 Euphorbiaceae I.C.Nielsen Mull.Arg. Macaranga gigantea (Reichb.f. 14 Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. Moraceae 68 Euphorbiaceae & Zoll.) Müll.Arg. Macaranga hypoleuca 15 Artocarpus dadah Miq. Moraceae 69 Euphorbiaceae (Reichb.f.& Zoll.) Mull.Arg. 16 Artocarpus elasticus Blume Moraceae 70 Macaranga pearsonii Merr. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga trichocarpa 17 Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. Moraceae 71 Euphorbiaceae (Reichb.f. & Zoll.) Müll.Arg. Madhuca sericea (Miq.) 18 Artocarpus tamaran Becc. Moraceae 72 Sapotaceae H.J.Lam Baccaurea parviflora Melicope glabra (Blume) 19 Euphorbiaceae 73 Rutaceae (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg. T.G.Hartley 20 Baccaurea tetrandra Müll.Arg. Euphorbiaceae 74 Memecylon sp. Melastomataceae Barringtonia macrostachya 21 Lecythidaceae 75 Nauclea subdita Merr. Rubiaceae Jack 22 Beilschmiedia madang Blume Lauraceae 76 Neolitsea sp. Lauraceae Beilschmiedia dictyoneura 23 Lauraceae 77 Nephelium cuspidatum Blume Sapindaceae Kosterm Paracroton pendulus (Hassk.) 24 Bridelia glauca Blume Euphorbiaceae 78 Euphorbiaceae Miq. Camellia lanceolata (Blume) 25 Theaceae 79 Pentace laxiflora Merr. Tiliaceae Seem. 26 Canthium glabrum Blume Rubiaceae 80 Phoebe sp. Lauraceae No Spesies Family No Spesies Family Academia Journal of Agricultural Research; Purnomo et al. 216 Table 2 Contd. Species and families at the stakes level. No Species Family No Species Family Carallia brachiata (Lour.) 27 Rhizophoraceae 81 Polyalthia microtus
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