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Unrestricted Immigration and the Foreign Dominance Of
Unrestricted Immigration and the Foreign Dominance of United States Nobel Prize Winners in Science: Irrefutable Data and Exemplary Family Narratives—Backup Data and Information Andrew A. Beveridge, Queens and Graduate Center CUNY and Social Explorer, Inc. Lynn Caporale, Strategic Scientific Advisor and Author The following slides were presented at the recent meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. This project and paper is an outgrowth of that session, and will combine qualitative data on Nobel Prize Winners family histories along with analyses of the pattern of Nobel Winners. The first set of slides show some of the patterns so far found, and will be augmented for the formal paper. The second set of slides shows some examples of the Nobel families. The authors a developing a systematic data base of Nobel Winners (mainly US), their careers and their family histories. This turned out to be much more challenging than expected, since many winners do not emphasize their family origins in their own biographies or autobiographies or other commentary. Dr. Caporale has reached out to some laureates or their families to elicit that information. We plan to systematically compare the laureates to the population in the US at large, including immigrants and non‐immigrants at various periods. Outline of Presentation • A preliminary examination of the 609 Nobel Prize Winners, 291 of whom were at an American Institution when they received the Nobel in physics, chemistry or physiology and medicine • Will look at patterns of -
Frank Wilczek on the World's Numerical Recipe
Note by All too often, we ignore goals, genres, or Frank Wilczek values, or we assume that they are so apparent that we do not bother to high- light them. Yet judgments about whether an exercise–a paper, a project, an essay Frank Wilczek response on an examination–has been done intelligently or stupidly are often on the dif½cult for students to fathom. And since these evaluations are not well world’s understood, few if any lessons can be numerical drawn from them. Laying out the criteria recipe by which judgments of quality are made may not suf½ce in itself to improve qual- ity, but in the absence of such clari½- cation, we have little reason to expect our students to go about their work intelligently. Twentieth-century physics began around 600 b.c. when Pythagoras of Samos pro- claimed an awesome vision. By studying the notes sounded by plucked strings, Pythagoras discovered that the human perception of harmony is connected to numerical ratios. He examined strings made of the same material, having the same thickness, and under the same tension, but of different lengths. Under these conditions, he found that the notes sound harmonious precisely when the ratio of the lengths of string can be expressed in small whole numbers. For example, the length ratio Frank Wilczek, Herman Feshbach Professor of Physics at MIT, is known, among other things, for the discovery of asymptotic freedom, the develop- ment of quantum chromodynamics, the invention of axions, and the discovery and exploitation of new forms of quantum statistics (anyons). -
The Manhattan Project and Its Legacy
Transforming the Relationship between Science and Society: The Manhattan Project and Its Legacy Report on the workshop funded by the National Science Foundation held on February 14 and 15, 2013 in Washington, DC Table of Contents Executive Summary iii Introduction 1 The Workshop 2 Two Motifs 4 Core Session Discussions 6 Scientific Responsibility 6 The Culture of Secrecy and the National Security State 9 The Decision to Drop the Bomb 13 Aftermath 15 Next Steps 18 Conclusion 21 Appendix: Participant List and Biographies 22 Copyright © 2013 by the Atomic Heritage Foundation. All rights reserved. No part of this book, either text or illustration, may be reproduced or transmit- ted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, reporting, or by any information storage or retrieval system without written persmission from the publisher. Report prepared by Carla Borden. Design and layout by Alexandra Levy. Executive Summary The story of the Manhattan Project—the effort to develop and build the first atomic bomb—is epic, and it continues to unfold. The decision by the United States to use the bomb against Japan in August 1945 to end World War II is still being mythologized, argued, dissected, and researched. The moral responsibility of scientists, then and now, also has remained a live issue. Secrecy and security practices deemed necessary for the Manhattan Project have spread through the govern- ment, sometimes conflicting with notions of democracy. From the Manhattan Project, the scientific enterprise has grown enormously, to include research into the human genome, for example, and what became the Internet. Nuclear power plants provide needed electricity yet are controversial for many people. -
Wave Nature of Matter: Made Easy (Lesson 3) Matter Behaving As a Wave? Ridiculous!
Wave Nature of Matter: Made Easy (Lesson 3) Matter behaving as a wave? Ridiculous! Compiled by Dr. SuchandraChatterjee Associate Professor Department of Chemistry Surendranath College Remember? I showed you earlier how Einstein (in 1905) showed that the photoelectric effect could be understood if light were thought of as a stream of particles (photons) with energy equal to hν. I got my Nobel prize for that. Louis de Broglie (in 1923) If light can behave both as a wave and a particle, I wonder if a particle can also behave as a wave? Louis de Broglie I’ll try messing around with some of Einstein’s formulae and see what I can come up with. I can imagine a photon of light. If it had a “mass” of mp, then its momentum would be given by p = mpc where c is the speed of light. Now Einstein has a lovely formula that he discovered linking mass with energy (E = mc2) and he also used Planck’s formula E = hf. What if I put them equal to each other? mc2 = hf mc2 = hf So for my photon 2 mp = hfhf/c/c So if p = mpc = hfhf/c/c p = mpc = hf/chf/c Now using the wave equation, c = fλ (f = c/λ) So mpc = hc /λc /λc= h/λ λ = hp So you’re saying that a particle of momentum p has a wavelength equal to Planck’s constant divided by p?! Yes! λ = h/p It will be known as the de Broglie wavelength of the particle Confirmation of de Broglie’s ideas De Broglie didn’t have to wait long for his idea to be shown to be correct. -
Famous Physicists Himansu Sekhar Fatesingh
Fun Quiz FAMOUS PHYSICISTS HIMANSU SEKHAR FATESINGH 1. The first woman to 6. He first succeeded in receive the Nobel Prize in producing the nuclear physics was chain reaction. a. Maria G. Mayer a. Otto Hahn b. Irene Curie b. Fritz Strassmann c. Marie Curie c. Robert Oppenheimer d. Lise Meitner d. Enrico Fermi 2. Who first suggested electron 7. The credit for discovering shells around the nucleus? electron microscope is often a. Ernest Rutherford attributed to b. Neils Bohr a. H. Germer c. Erwin Schrödinger b. Ernst Ruska d. Wolfgang Pauli c. George P. Thomson d. Clinton J. Davisson 8. The wave theory of light was 3. He first measured negative first proposed by charge on an electron. a. Christiaan Huygens a. J. J. Thomson b. Isaac Newton b. Clinton Davisson c. Hermann Helmholtz c. Louis de Broglie d. Augustin Fresnel d. Robert A. Millikan 9. He was the first scientist 4. The existence of quarks was to find proof of Einstein’s first suggested by theory of relativity a. Max Planck a. Edwin Hubble b. Sheldon Glasgow b. George Gamow c. Murray Gell-Mann c. S. Chandrasekhar d. Albert Einstein d. Arthur Eddington 10. The credit for development of the cyclotron 5. The phenomenon of goes to: superconductivity was a. Carl Anderson b. Donald Glaser discovered by c. Ernest O. Lawrence d. Charles Wilson a. Heike Kamerlingh Onnes b. Alex Muller c. Brian D. Josephson 11. Who first proposed the use of absolute scale d. John Bardeen of Temperature? a. Anders Celsius b. Lord Kelvin c. Rudolf Clausius d. -
Biology Distilled Minimize Boom-And-Bust Cycles of Species Outbreaks and Ecosystem Imbalances
COMMENT BOOKS & ARTS “Serengeti Rules”), which he shows are appli- cable both to the restoration of ecosystems and to the management of the biosphere. The same rule may carry different names in different biological contexts. The double- negative logic rule, for instance, enables a given gene product to feed back to slow down its own synthesis. In an ecosystem the same rule, known as top-down regulation, NHPA/PHOTOSHOT VINCE BURTON/ applies when the abundance of a predator (such as lynx) limits the rise in the popu- lation of prey (such as snowshoe hares). This is why, in Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, the reintroduction of wolves has resulted in non-intuitive changes in hydrology and forest cover: wolves prey on elk, which disproportionately feed on streamside willows and tree seedlings. It is also why ecologists can continue to manage the Serengeti, and have been able to ‘rebuild’ a functioning ecosystem from scratch in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique. Carroll argues that the rules regulat- Interactions between predators and prey, such as lynxes and hares, can be modelled with biological rules. ing human bodily functions — which have improved medical care and driven drug dis- ECOLOGY covery — can be applied to ecosystems, to guide conservation and restoration, and to heal our ailing planet. His Serengeti Rules encapsulate the checks and balances that Biology distilled minimize boom-and-bust cycles of species outbreaks and ecosystem imbalances. Eco- Brian J. Enquist reflects on a blueprint to guide logical systems that are missing key regula- the recovery of life on Earth. tory players, such as predators, can collapse; if they are overtaken by organisms spread by human activities, such as the kudzu vine, a an biology become as predictive as the unification of biology ‘cancer-like’ growth of that species can result. -
Of Charles D. Ferguson, on Behalf Of
FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS T: 202/546-3300 1725 DeSales Street, NW 6th Floor Washington, DC 20036 www.fas.org F: 202/675-1010 [email protected] PRM-70-9 DOCKETED Board of Sponsors (75FR80730) USNRC (PartialList) March 4, 2011 March 7, 2011 (10:30 am) •Pacr Agre * SidnheyAman * Philip W. Anderson *Kenneth J. Arrow To: Secretary, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission OFFICE OF SECRETARY * David Baltimore RULEMAKINGS AND * Bamj Be.....ea Washington, DC 20555-0001 SPaulBerg ADJUDICATIONS STAFF * J. Michael Bishop AT-TN: Rulemakings and Adjudications Staff * Guther Blobel * Nicolaas Bloensbergen * Paul Boyce Ann Pitts Carter Subject: Comment on Docket ID NRC-2010-0372, "Petition for Rulemaking, * Stanley Cohen * Leon N. Cooper Francis Slakey on Behalf of the American Physical Society" * E. J. Corey 'James Cronin * Johann Deismehofer ArmDruyan *RenatoDulbeomo As Board Members of the Federation of American Scientists, an independent, Paul L Ehrlich George Field nonpartisan think tank, we strongly support the petition submitted by the Vat L. Fitch * JeromeI. Friedman American Physical Society that requests proliferation risk assessments become a * Riccardo Giacoani * Walter Gilbert required part of the NRC licensing process. * Alfed G. Gilman " Donald Glaser * Sheldon L. Glashow Marvin L. Goidhergr * Joseph L. Goldstein Emerging nuclear fuel technologies such as laser enrichment of uranium can pose Roger C. L. Gaillemin * L[land H. Hartwell significant proliferation risks due to difficulties in detecting facilities using these * Herbert A. Hauptman " Dudley RKHIaechach technologies. If such technologies are developed without a clear, objective, and * Roald Hoff-aan John P. Hoidren detailed assessment, they can dangerously undermine U.S. nuclear * -l Robert Horvitz * David H. -
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The Second Lepton Family Klaus Winter, CERN The Nobel Prize for Physics for 1988 was awarded to L. Lederman, M. Schwartz and J. Steinberger for work on neutrinos in the early 1960s. In a letter [1] addressed to the "dear radioactive ladies and gentlemen", writ ten in December 1930, Wolfgang Pauli proposed, as a "desperate remedy" to save the principle of conservation of energy in beta-decay, the idea of the neutrino, a neutral particle of spin 1/2 and with a mass not larger than 0.01 proton mass. "The continuous beta-spectrum [2] would then become understandable by the assumption that in beta-decay a neutrino is emitted together with the electron, in such a way that the sum of the energies of the neutrino and electron is constant." Pauli did not specify at that time Fig. 1 — A recent photograph taken at CERN of Leon Lederman (left), whether the neutrino was to be ejected Jack Steinberger (centre) and Melvin Schwartz. or created. In his famous paper "An attempt of a theory of beta-decay" [3] the muon not decay into e + at the rate ween 1 and 2 GeV should be achievable. E. Fermi used the neutrino concept of predicted if such a non-locality exis Would these synchrotrons though, deli Pauli together with the concept of the ted ? ". On this view the muon would vir ver enough neutrinos? According to nucleon of Heisenberg. He assumed tually dissociate into W + v, the charged their specifications they should accele that in beta-decay a pair comprising an W would radiate a and W + v would rate 1011 protons per second, an unpre electron and a neutrino is created, analo recombine to an electron. -
Physics Here at Uva from 1947-49
PHYS 202 Lecture 22 Professor Stephen Thornton April 18, 2005 Reading Quiz Which of the following is most correct? 1) Electrons act only as particles. 2) Electrons act only as waves. 3) Electrons act as particles sometimes and as waves other times. 4) It is not possible by any experiment to determine whether an electron acts as a particle or a wave. Answer: 3 In some cases we explain electron phenomena as a particle –for example, an electron hitting a TV screen. In other cases we explain it as a wave – in the case of a two slit diffraction experiment showing interference. Exam III Wednesday, April 20 Chapters 25-28 20 questions, bring single sheet of paper with anything written on it. Number of questions for each chapter will be proportional to lecture time spent on chapter. Last time Blackbody radiation Max Planck and his hypothesis Photoelectric effect Photons Photon momentum Compton effect Worked Exam 3 problems Today de Broglie wavelengths Particles have wavelike properties Wave-particle duality Heisenberg uncertainty principle Tunneling Models of atoms Emission spectra Work problems Finish last year’s exam problems de Broglie wavelength We saw that light, which we think of as a wave, can have particle properties. Can particles also have wavelike properties? A rule of nature says that if something is not forbidden, then it will probably happen. h λ = all objects p How can we demonstrate these wavelike properties? Typical wavelengths Tennis ball, m = 57 g, v = 60 mph; λ ~ 10-34 m. NOT POSSIBLE to detect!! 50 eV electron; λ ~ 0.2 x 10-9 m or 0.2 nm We need slits of the order of atomic dimensions. -
February 26, 2013 - Uvm, Burlington, Vt Uvm.Edu/~Watertwr - Thewatertower.Tumblr.Com
volume 13 - issue 6 - tuesday, february 26, 2013 - uvm, burlington, vt uvm.edu/~watertwr - thewatertower.tumblr.com by benberrick UVM, we need to have a talk. I know things have been hard lately; with the transfer of presidential power, budget cuts, and communication breakdowns all over the place, it’s been nothing short of crazy out here. I understand that you need to relieve stress and chill out, but I just can’t condone the method that you have cho- sen. Just because everyone else is doing it, doesn’t make it okay, UVM, and no matter what kind of peer pressure is there, I expect better from you. So we need to talk about this. No, I’m not talking about all the mas- turbation—honestly, that’s healthy and in the future I’ll knock before I come in. We need to talk about the Harlem Shake. I know why you did it. Heck, there have been times when I’ve wanted to do it myself. Aft er exploding two weeks ago, the Harlem Shake went from something that only a few weirdo skateboarders did, to a by kerrymartin meme of epidemic proportions. Sure, the Keeping up with national politics, for as a tough contest between two intelli- Davis Center; it’s a point that seems obvi- fi rst couple times it was funny, clever even. all the work it takes, bears bitter fruit. I’m gent, qualifi ed, engaged, and open-minded ous, but is oft en overlooked. But within 48 hours, as with most memes, the kind of guy who attacks political apa- women. -
National Academy of Sciences July 1, 1979 Officers
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES JULY 1, 1979 OFFICERS Term expires President-PHILIP HANDLER June 30, 1981 Vice-President-SAUNDERS MAC LANE June 30, 1981 Home Secretary-BRYCE CRAWFORD,JR. June 30, 1983 Foreign Secretary-THOMAS F. MALONE June 30, 1982 Treasurer-E. R. PIORE June 30, 1980 Executive Officer Comptroller Robert M. White David Williams COUNCIL Abelson, Philip H. (1981) Markert,C. L. (1980) Berg, Paul (1982) Nierenberg,William A. (1982) Berliner, Robert W. (1981) Piore, E. R. (1980) Bing, R. H. (1980) Ranney, H. M. (1980) Crawford,Bryce, Jr. (1983) Simon, Herbert A. (1981) Friedman, Herbert (1982) Solow, R. M. (1980) Handler, Philip (1981) Thomas, Lewis (1982) Mac Lane, Saunders (1981) Townes, Charles H. (1981) Malone, Thomas F. (1982) Downloaded by guest on September 30, 2021 SECTIONS The Academyis divided into the followingSections, to which membersare assigned at their own choice: (11) Mathematics (31) Engineering (12) Astronomy (32) Applied Biology (13) Physics (33) Applied Physical and (14) Chemistry Mathematical Sciences (15) Geology (41) Medical Genetics Hema- (16) Geophysics tology, and Oncology (21) Biochemistry (42) Medical Physiology, En- (22) Cellularand Develop- docrinology,and Me- mental Biology tabolism (23) Physiological and Phar- (43) Medical Microbiology macologicalSciences and Immunology (24) Neurobiology (51) Anthropology (25) Botany (52) Psychology (26) Genetics (53) Social and Political Sci- (27) Population Biology, Evo- ences lution, and Ecology (54) Economic Sciences In the alphabetical list of members,the numbersin parentheses, followingyear of election, indicate the respective Class and Section of the member. CLASSES The members of Sections are grouped in the following Classes: I. Physical and Mathematical Sciences (Sections 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16). -
CERN Courier Is Distributed to Member-State Governments, Institutes and Laboratories Affiliated with CERN, and to Their Personnel
I n t e r n at I o n a l J o u r n a l o f H I g H - e n e r g y P H y s I c s CERN COURIERV o l u m e 4 6 n u m b e r 9 n o V e m b e r 2 0 0 6 OPERA makes its grand debut ACCELERATORS COMPUTING NEWS INTERVIEW Laser-wakefield device Business signs up to Stephen Hawking pays reaches 1 GeV p5 work with EGEE p12 a visit to CERN p28 CCENovCover1.indd 1 18/10/06 08:53:59 CERN & ProCurve Networking 15 petabytes of data And a network that can handle it “CERN uses ProCurve Switches because we generate a colossal amount of data, making dependability a top priority.” —David Foster, Communication Systems Group Leader, CERN CERN has joined with ProCurve to build their network based on high-performance security, reliability and flexibility, along with a lifetime warranty.* From the world’s largest applications, to a company-wide email, just think what ProCurve could do for your network. Get a closer look at CERN and the world’s biggest physics experiment. Visit www.hp.com/eur/procurvecern1 *For as long as you own the product, with next-business-day advance replacement (available in most countries). For details, refer to the ProCurve Software License, Warranty and Support booklet at www.hp.com/rnd/support/warranty/index.htm The ProCurve Routing Switch 9300m series, ProCurve Routing Switch 9408sl, ProCurve Switch 8100fl series, and the ProCurve Access Control Server 745wl have a one-year- warranty with extensions available.