DOCSLIB.ORG

CERN Courier Is Distributed to Member-State Governments, Institutes and Laboratories Affiliated with CERN, and to Their Personnel

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

I n t e r n at I o n a l J o u r n a l o f H I g H - e n e r g y P H y s I c s CERN COURIERV o l u m e 4 6 n u m b e r 9 n o V e m b e r 2 0 0 6 OPERA makes its grand debut ACCELERATORS COMPUTING NEWS INTERVIEW Laser-wakefield device Business signs up to Stephen Hawking pays reaches 1 GeV p5 work with EGEE p12 a visit to CERN p28 CCENovCover1.indd 1 18/10/06 08:53:59 CERN & ProCurve Networking 15 petabytes of data And a network that can handle it “CERN uses ProCurve Switches because we generate a colossal amount of data, making dependability a top priority.” —David Foster, Communication Systems Group Leader, CERN CERN has joined with ProCurve to build their network based on high-performance security, reliability and flexibility, along with a lifetime warranty.* From the world’s largest applications, to a company-wide email, just think what ProCurve could do for your network. Get a closer look at CERN and the world’s biggest physics experiment. Visit www.hp.com/eur/procurvecern1 *For as long as you own the product, with next-business-day advance replacement (available in most countries). For details, refer to the ProCurve Software License, Warranty and Support booklet at www.hp.com/rnd/support/warranty/index.htm The ProCurve Routing Switch 9300m series, ProCurve Routing Switch 9408sl, ProCurve Switch 8100fl series, and the ProCurve Access Control Server 745wl have a one-year- warranty with extensions available. Part of the 12,000 ton CMS particle detector © 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Photo © CERN. at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. CONTENTS Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to member-state governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the CERN management. Editor Christine Sutton CERN CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +41 (0) 22 785 0247 Web: cerncourier.com Advisory board James Gillies, Rolf Landua and Maximilian Metzger Laboratory correspondents: COURIER Vo l u m e 4 6 N u m b e r 9 N o V e m b e r 20 0 6 Argonne National Laboratory (US): D Ayres Brookhaven National Laboratory (US): P Yamin Cornell University (US): D G Cassel DESY Laboratory (Germany): Ilka Flegel, Ute Wilhelmsen EMFCSC (Italy): Anna Cavallini Enrico Fermi Centre (Italy): Guido Piragino Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US): Judy Jackson Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany): Markus Buescher GSI Darmstadt (Germany): I Peter INFN (Italy): Barbara Gallavotti IHEP, Beijing (China): Tongzhou Xu Jefferson Laboratory (US): Steven Corneliussen JINR Dubna (Russia): B Starchenko KEK National Laboratory (Japan): Youhei Morita Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (US): Spencer Klein Los Alamos National Laboratory (US): C Hoffmann NIKHEF Laboratory (Netherlands): Paul de Jong The first big wheel for ATLAS p8 Supercomputing at DEISA p18 LBNL celebrates at 75 p31 Novosibirsk Institute (Russia): S Eidelman Orsay Laboratory (France): Anne-Marie Lutz News 5 PPARC (UK): Peter Barratt PSI Laboratory (Switzerland): P-R Kettle Wakefield device exceeds 1 GeV. Mather and Smoot share Nobel for Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK): Natalie Bealing precise observations of the CMB. Researchers unveil the PASER: a novel Saclay Laboratory (France): Elisabeth Locci IHEP, Serpukhov (Russia): Yu Ryabov acceleration scheme. LHC prepares for cooling while magnets pass the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (US): Neil Calder TRIUMF Laboratory (Canada): Marcello Pavan 1000 mark. LHCf: a tiny new experiment joins the LHC. ATLAS installs first of the big wheels. Produced for CERN by Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd, Dirac House, Temple Back, Sciencewatch 9 Bristol BS1 6BE, UK Tel: +44 (0)117 929 7481; e-mail: [email protected]; Web: iop.org Astrowatch 10 Publisher Jo Nicholas Art director Andrew Giaquinto CERN Courier Archive 11 Production editor Jonathan Cailes Technical illustrator Alison Tovey Computing News and Features 12 Display advertisement manager Ed Jost Display sales Europe Tom Houlden EGEE gets down to business. OSG receives $30 m for scientific Display sales North America Ed Jost computing collaboration. KnowARC project gets going. W3C to support Recruitment advertisement manager Jayne Orsborn Deputy recruitment advertisement manager Moo Ali more languages in voice applications. GRIDtoday honours CERN and Recruitment and classified sales Adam Hylands, Jayne Orsborn and Kathryn Zerboni e-Science. Jefferson Lab attracts record numbers to Geant4 workshop. Advertisement production Katie Graham CNL celebrates 40 years of news. LHC@home moves its base to the UK. Senior product manager Claire Webber Symposium focuses on scientific supercomputing. Advertising Tel: +44 (0)117 930 1026 (for UK/Europe display advertising), Features +1 215 627 0880 (for North American display advertising), or +44 (0)117 930 1196 (for recruitment advertising); Right on target: CNGS gets off to an excellent start 20 E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: +44 (0)117 930 1178 The new facility completes a very successful commissioning run. General distribution Courrier Adressage, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, OPERA makes its debut under the Gran Sasso 24 Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] In certain countries, to request copies or to make address The detector sees first neutrinos as installation continues in full swing. changes, contact: China Keqing Ma, Library, Institute of High Energy Physics, Hawking brings the origins of the universe to CERN 28 PO Box 918, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China. E-mail: [email protected] Stephen Hawking returns to CERN to discuss his research. Germany Veronika Werschner, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] LBNL celebrates its 75th anniversary with style 31 Italy Loredana Rum or Anna Pennacchietti, INFN, Casella Postale 56, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] Spencer Klein looks at the lab’s achievements and the Founders Day party. UK Mark Swaisland, Chadwick Library, Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK. PHYSTAT tackles the significance problem 34 E-mail: [email protected] US/Canada Published by Cern Courier, 6N246 Willow Drive, A workshop in Banff brought together physicists and statisticians. St Charles, IL 60175, US. Periodical postage paid in St Charles, IL, US. Fax: 630 377 1569. E-mail: [email protected] POSIPOL 2006 lines up options for ILC and CLIC 37 POSTMASTER: send address changes to: Creative Mailing Experts discuss ways to make polarized positrons at future linear colliders. Services, PO Box 1147, St Charles, IL 60174, US Published by European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, Exotic atoms cast light on fundamental questions 39 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Tel: +41 (0) 22 767 61 11 Low-energy hadrons address unresolved problems in particle physics. Telefax: +41 (0) 22 767 65 55 Printed by Warners (Midlands) plc, Bourne, Lincolnshire, UK Faces and Places 42 © 2006 CERN ISSN 0304-288X Recruitment 49 Bookshelf 54 Cover: The OPERA long-baseline neutrino-oscillation experiment (CNGS1) has seen its first neutrinos in Hall C at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory (p24). CERN Courier November 2006 CCENovContents3.indd 3 17/10/06 14:01:07 CCNovAdSAES 13/10/06 14:43 Page 1 ADVERTISING FEATURE SAES® GETTERS TAKES PART INTO LISA, THE FIRST ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY FOR LOW FREQUENCY GRAVITATIONAL WAVES SAES Getters, world leader in getter The modelling phase of the inertial the shifting of the sensor inertial technology for high vacuum appli- sensor head of the interferometer has mass, which thing would alter the cations and in mercury dispensing been completed by SAES for Carlo experiment results and impair the solutions for LCD backlighting, con- Gavazzi Space. Results define the whole mission. cluded the pressure modeling of the pressure conditions in the vacuum The model realized for Carlo Gavazzi interferometer inertial sensor head, enclosure for mission’ success. Space at SAES Getters’ laboratories in commissioned by Carlo Gavazzi Lainate shows that pressure in the Space within the frame of the LISA vacuum chamber of the inertial sen- Pathfinder project. sor head needs to be at least as low as LISA (Laser Interferometer Space 10-7 mbar for two years. This vacuum Antenna) is the ESA-NASA mission level will ensure the sensor correct involving three spacecrafts in orbit operation also by avoiding that pos- around the Sun and flying approxi- sible pressure gradients in the vac- mately 5 million kilometres apart in uum chamber interfere with the an equilateral triangle formation. experiment. This spacecraft constellation acts as Data obtained from this modeling a Michelson interferometer to mea- also indicate that the mission vacuum sure the distortion of space caused requirements can be best addressed by passing gravitational waves. On by the zirconium non-evaporable get- board lasers will be used to measure ter (NEG) technology. Particularly, minimal changes in the separation SAES Getters’ porous NEGs, having distances of free-floating masses enhanced sorption capacity thanks within each spacecraft. LISA space- to their high porosity and large sur- based interferometer is planned for face area, are planned to be mounted launch in 2015 and, after a 13-month on the interferometer sensor. Their transfer to its operational orbit, it porous structures in fact allow the will stay in orbital phase for 2 years. gases to diffuse through the pores Ultimate target of the project is the inside the getter mass, thus involving detection of gravitational waves, the inner parts of the getter body in Modelling of the hydrogen pressure distribution whose existence was predicted in inside the inertail sensor head. In yellow-brown the sorption process and delivering a Einstein’s general relativity theory, colors the Au-Pt test mass.
Recommended publications
  • CERN Celebrates Discoveries

    CERN Celebrates Discoveries

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS CERN COURIER VOLUME 43 NUMBER 10 DECEMBER 2003 CERN celebrates discoveries NEW PARTICLES NETWORKS SPAIN Protons make pentaquarks p5 Measuring the digital divide pl7 Particle physics thrives p30 16 KPH impact 113 KPH impact series VISyN High Voltage Power Supplies When the objective is to measure the almost immeasurable, the VISyN-Series is the detector power supply of choice. These multi-output, card based high voltage power supplies are stable, predictable, and versatile. VISyN is now manufactured by Universal High Voltage, a world leader in high voltage power supplies, whose products are in use in every national laboratory. For worldwide sales and service, contact the VISyN product group at Universal High Voltage. Universal High Voltage Your High Voltage Power Partner 57 Commerce Drive, Brookfield CT 06804 USA « (203) 740-8555 • Fax (203) 740-9555 www.universalhv.com Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier (ISSN 0304-288X) is distributed to member state governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August, in English and French editions. The views expressed are CERN not necessarily those of the CERN management. Editor Christine Sutton CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Fax:+41 (22) 782 1906 Web: cerncourier.com COURIER Advisory Board R Landua (Chairman), P Sphicas, K Potter, E Lillest0l, C Detraz, H Hoffmann, R Bailey
  • About Testing Nu Mu Oscillation with Dm2 Smaller Than 0.001 Ev2 With

    About Testing Nu Mu Oscillation with Dm2 Smaller Than 0.001 Ev2 With

    2 About testing νµ oscillation with ∆m smaller than 0.001 eV2 with the CERN Proton Synchrotron P. F. Loverre, R. Santacesaria, F. R. Spada Universit`a“La Sapienza” and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Rome, Italy – Submitted to The European Physical Journal C Abstract We study the feasibility of a long–baseline neutrino experiment from CERN to Gran Sasso LNGS Laboratories using the CERN PS accelerator. Baseline and neutrino energy spectrum are suitable to explore a region of the (∆m2, sin2 2θ) parameters space which is not reached by K2K, the first experiment that will test at accelerator the atmospheric neutrino anomaly put in evidence by Super–Kamiokande. The recent Super–Kamiokande measurements of atmospheric neutrino arXiv:hep-ex/9911043v1 29 Nov 1999 fluxes [1] favour νµ → ντ (or νµ → νx) oscillations, with almost maximal mixing and ∆m2 in the range (5 ÷ 60) · 10−4 eV2. The first test of this atmospheric neutrino anomaly at accelerator will be performed in Japan by the K2K [2] experiment. K2K has recently started taking data using a neutrino beam generated by the KEK 12–GeV Pro- ton Synchrotron directed toward the Super–Kamiokande detector, which is placed about 250 Km away from KEK. The K2K experiment, owing to an L/E ratio of order 250/1 (Km/GeV), explores via disappearance νµ oscilla- tions down to ∆m2 ∼ 2 · 10−3 eV2. The same ∆m2 region can be explored with higher sensitivity with the high energy neutrino beams of FNAL (NuMI – MINOS experiment [3,4]) and 1 CERN (CERN – Gran Sasso LNGS beam [5]).
  • K2K Cross Section Studies

    K2K Cross Section Studies

    K2K Cross Section Studies Rik Gran U. Minnesota Duluth 0. K2K experiment and NEUT interaction code 1. NC single p0/(All CC) in 1KT Cherenkov detector 2. CC-Coherent Pion Production in SciBar detector 3. MA-QE from shape fit to SciFi detector data Motivations Improve Neutrino Cross Sections knowledge of Cross Sections (Lipari 1995) En (GeV) Cross Sections and Nuclear Effects are important for extracting oscillation parameters from nu-mu disappearance nu-e appearance experiments. K2K oscillation result K2K beamline at KEK in Tsukuba, Japan OperK2Kated frneutom ri1999no osci to 2004llation experiment Al target 12 GeV PS 200m fast extraction every 2.2sec beam spill width 1.1s ( 9 bunches ) ~6x1012 protons/spill K2K beam and near detectors 98% pure n beam target materials: H2O, HC, Fe n energies SciFi Water Target at the K2K near detectors En (GeV) The NEUT neutrino interaction model Charged current quasi-elastic n + N -> l + N' Neutral current elastic n + N -> n + N CC/NC single p (h,K) resonance n + N -> l(n) + N' + p NC coherent pion (not CC !) n + A -> n + A + p0 CC/NC deep inelastic scattering n + q -> l(n) + had Cross-sections Total (NC+CC) n = neutrino (e, or t) ) V CC Total e l = lepton (e, or t) G / 2 m c CC quasi-elastic 8 3 - 0 1 From 100 MeV to 10 TeV ( DIS E / CC single π (cosmic ray induced neutrinos too!) σ NC single π0 Eν (GeV) More about the interaction models Quasi-elastic follows Llewelyn-Smith using dipole form factors and MAQE = 1.1 GeV (For neutrino beam, target is always neutron) Resonance production from Rein and Sehgal 18 resonances, MA1p = 1.1 GeV (Coherent pion production also from Rein and Sehgal) Deep inelastic Scattering from GRV94 PYTHIA/JETSET for hadron final states Bodek-Yang correction in Resonance-DIS overlap region Description and references available in Ch.
  • Of Charles D. Ferguson, on Behalf Of

    Of Charles D. Ferguson, on Behalf Of

    FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS T: 202/546-3300 1725 DeSales Street, NW 6th Floor Washington, DC 20036 www.fas.org F: 202/675-1010 [email protected] PRM-70-9 DOCKETED Board of Sponsors (75FR80730) USNRC (PartialList) March 4, 2011 March 7, 2011 (10:30 am) •Pacr Agre * SidnheyAman * Philip W. Anderson *Kenneth J. Arrow To: Secretary, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission OFFICE OF SECRETARY * David Baltimore RULEMAKINGS AND * Bamj Be.....ea Washington, DC 20555-0001 SPaulBerg ADJUDICATIONS STAFF * J. Michael Bishop AT-TN: Rulemakings and Adjudications Staff * Guther Blobel * Nicolaas Bloensbergen * Paul Boyce Ann Pitts Carter Subject: Comment on Docket ID NRC-2010-0372, "Petition for Rulemaking, * Stanley Cohen * Leon N. Cooper Francis Slakey on Behalf of the American Physical Society" * E. J. Corey 'James Cronin * Johann Deismehofer ArmDruyan *RenatoDulbeomo As Board Members of the Federation of American Scientists, an independent, Paul L Ehrlich George Field nonpartisan think tank, we strongly support the petition submitted by the Vat L. Fitch * JeromeI. Friedman American Physical Society that requests proliferation risk assessments become a * Riccardo Giacoani * Walter Gilbert required part of the NRC licensing process. * Alfed G. Gilman " Donald Glaser * Sheldon L. Glashow Marvin L. Goidhergr * Joseph L. Goldstein Emerging nuclear fuel technologies such as laser enrichment of uranium can pose Roger C. L. Gaillemin * L[land H. Hartwell significant proliferation risks due to difficulties in detecting facilities using these * Herbert A. Hauptman " Dudley RKHIaechach technologies. If such technologies are developed without a clear, objective, and * Roald Hoff-aan John P. Hoidren detailed assessment, they can dangerously undermine U.S. nuclear * -l Robert Horvitz * David H.
  • April 2003 $4.95

    April 2003 $4.95

    SOLVING THE NEUTRINO MYSTERY • RECOGNIZING ANCIENT LIFE APRIL 2003 $4.95 WWW.SCIAM.COM James D.Watson discusses DNA, the brain, designer babies and more as he reflects on Grid Computing’s Unbounded Potential Ginkgo Biloba Will Mount Etna and Memory Explode Tomorrow? Delivering Drugs with Implanted Chips COPYRIGHT 2003 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC. april 2003 contentsSCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Volume 288 Number 4 features ASTROPHYSICS 40 Solving the Solar Neutrino Problem BY ARTHUR B. MCDONALD, JOSHUA R. KLEIN AND DAVID L. WARK After 30 years, physicists fathom the mystery of the missing neutrinos: the phantom particles change en route from the sun. BIOTECHNOLOGY 50 Where a Pill Won’t Reach BY ROBERT LANGER Implanted microchips, embedded polymers and ultrasonic blasts of proteins will deliver next-generation medicines. 66 James D. Watson VOLCANOLOGY 58 Mount Etna’s Ferocious Future BY TOM PFEIFFER Europe’s most active volcano grows more dangerous, but slowly. CELEBRATING THE GENETIC JUBILEE 66 A Conversation with James D. Watson The co-discoverer of DNA’s double helix reflects on the molecular model that changed both science and society. LIFE SCIENCE 70 Questioning the Oldest Signs of Life BY SARAH SIMPSON Researchers are reevaluating how they identify traces left by life in ancient rocks on earth—and elsewhere in the solar system. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 78 The Grid: Computing without Bounds BY IAN FOSTER Powerful global networks of processors and storage may end the era of self-contained computing. MEDICINE 86 The Lowdown on Ginkgo Biloba BY PAUL E. GOLD, LARRY CAHILL AND GARY L. WENK This herbal supplement may slightly improve your memory—but so can eating a candy bar.
  • Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiments 1 Introduction 2

    Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiments 1 Introduction 2

    Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiments Mark Thomson Cavendish Laboratory Department of Physics JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge, CB3 0HE United Kingdom 1 Introduction In the last ten years the study of the quantum mechanical e®ect of neutrino os- cillations, which arises due to the mixing of the weak eigenstates fºe; º¹; º¿ g and the mass eigenstates fº1; º2; º3g, has revolutionised our understanding of neutrinos. Until recently, this understanding was dominated by experimental observations of at- mospheric [1, 2, 3] and solar neutrino [4, 5, 6] oscillations. These measurements have been of great importance. However, the use of naturally occuring neutrino sources is not su±cient to determine fully the flavour mixing parameters in the neutrino sector. For this reason, many of the current and next generation of neutrino experiments are based on high intensity accelerator generated neutrino beams. The ¯rst generation of these long-baseline (LBL) neutrino oscillation experiments, K2K, MINOS and CNGS, are the main subject of this review. The next generation of LBL experiments, T2K and NOºA, are also discussed. 2 Theoretical Background For two neutrino weak eigenstates fº®; º¯g related to two mass eigenstates fºi; ºjg, by a single mixing angle θij, it is simple to show that the survival probability of a neutrino of energy Eº and flavour ® after propagating a distance L through the vacuum is à ! 2 2 2 2 1:27¢mji(eV )L(km) P (º® ! º®) = 1 ¡ sin 2θij sin ; (1) Eº(GeV) 2 2 2 where ¢mji is the di®erence of the squares of the neutrino masses, mj ¡ mi .
  • Particle Detectors Lecture Notes

    Particle Detectors Lecture Notes

    Lecture Notes Heidelberg, Summer Term 2011 The Physics of Particle Detectors Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik Introduction Historical Developments Historical Development γ-rays First 1896 Detection of α-, β- and γ-rays 1896 β-rays Image of Becquerel's photographic plate which has been An x-ray picture taken by Wilhelm Röntgen of Albert von fogged by exposure to radiation from a uranium salt. Kölliker's hand at a public lecture on 23 January 1896. Historical Development Rutherford's scattering experiment Microscope + Scintillating ZnS screen Schematic view of Rutherford experiment 1911 Rutherford's original experimental setup Historical Development Detection of cosmic rays [Hess 1912; Nobel prize 1936] ! "# Electrometer Cylinder from Wulf [2 cm diameter] Mirror Strings Microscope Natrium ! !""#$%&'()*+,-)./0)1&$23456/)78096$/'9::9098)1912 $%&!'()*+,-.%!/0&1.)%21331&10!,0%))0!%42%!56784210462!1(,!9624,10462,:177%&!(2;! '()*+,-.%2!<=%4*1;%2%)%:0&67%0%&!;1&>!Victor F. Hess before his 1912 balloon flight in Austria during which he discovered cosmic rays. ?40! @4)*%! ;%&! /0%)),-.&1(8%! A! )1,,%2! ,4-.!;4%!BC;%2!;%,!D)%:0&67%0%&,!(7!;4%! EC2F,1-.,%!;%,!/0&1.)%21331&10,!;&%.%2G!(7!%42%!*H&!;4%!A8)%,(2F!FH2,04F%!I6,40462! %42,0%))%2! J(! :K22%2>! L10&4(7! =4&;! M%&=%2;%0G! (7! ;4%! E(*0! 47! 922%&%2! ;%,! 9624,10462,M6)(7%2!M62!B%(-.04F:%40!*&%4!J(!.1)0%2>! $%&!422%&%G!:)%42%&%!<N)42;%&!;4%20!;%&!O8%&3&H*(2F!;%&!9,6)10462!;%,!P%&C0%,>!'4&;!%&! H8%&! ;4%! BC;%2! F%,%2:0G! ,6! M%&&42F%&0! ,4-.!;1,!1:04M%!9624,10462,M6)(7%2!1(*!;%2!
  • 1 Restoring Scientific Integrity in Policy Making February 18, 2004

    1 Restoring Scientific Integrity in Policy Making February 18, 2004

    Restoring Scientific Integrity in Policy Making February 18, 2004 Science, like any field of endeavor, relies on freedom of inquiry; and one of the hallmarks of that freedom is objectivity. Now, more than ever, on issues ranging from climate change to AIDS research to genetic engineering to food additives, government relies on the impartial perspective of science for guidance. President George H.W. Bush, April 23, 1990 Successful application of science has played a large part in the policies that have made the United States of America the world’s most powerful nation and its citizens increasingly prosperous and healthy. Although scientific input to the government is rarely the only factor in public policy decisions, this input should always be weighed from an objective and impartial perspective to avoid perilous consequences. Indeed, this principle has long been adhered to by presidents and administrations of both parties in forming and implementing policies. The administration of George W. Bush has, however, disregarded this principle. When scientific knowledge has been found to be in conflict with its political goals, the administration has often manipulated the process through which science enters into its decisions. This has been done by placing people who are professionally unqualified or who have clear conflicts of interest in official posts and on scientific advisory committees; by disbanding existing advisory committees; by censoring and suppressing reports by the government’s own scientists; and by simply not seeking independent scientific advice. Other administrations have, on occasion, engaged in such practices, but not so systematically nor on so wide a front. Furthermore, in advocating policies that are not scientifically sound, the administration has sometimes misrepresented scientific knowledge and misled the public about the implications of its policies.
  • Liste Der Nobelpreisträger

    Liste Der Nobelpreisträger

    Physiologie Wirtschafts- Jahr Physik Chemie oder Literatur Frieden wissenschaften Medizin Wilhelm Henry Dunant Jacobus H. Emil von Sully 1901 Conrad — van ’t Hoff Behring Prudhomme Röntgen Frédéric Passy Hendrik Antoon Theodor Élie Ducommun 1902 Emil Fischer Ronald Ross — Lorentz Mommsen Pieter Zeeman Albert Gobat Henri Becquerel Svante Niels Ryberg Bjørnstjerne 1903 William Randal Cremer — Pierre Curie Arrhenius Finsen Bjørnson Marie Curie Frédéric John William William Mistral 1904 Iwan Pawlow Institut de Droit international — Strutt Ramsay José Echegaray Adolf von Henryk 1905 Philipp Lenard Robert Koch Bertha von Suttner — Baeyer Sienkiewicz Camillo Golgi Joseph John Giosuè 1906 Henri Moissan Theodore Roosevelt — Thomson Santiago Carducci Ramón y Cajal Albert A. Alphonse Rudyard \Ernesto Teodoro Moneta 1907 Eduard Buchner — Michelson Laveran Kipling Louis Renault Ilja Gabriel Ernest Rudolf Klas Pontus Arnoldson 1908 Metschnikow — Lippmann Rutherford Eucken Paul Ehrlich Fredrik Bajer Theodor Auguste Beernaert Guglielmo Wilhelm Kocher Selma 1909 — Marconi Ostwald Ferdinand Lagerlöf Paul Henri d’Estournelles de Braun Constant Johannes Albrecht Ständiges Internationales 1910 Diderik van Otto Wallach Paul Heyse — Kossel Friedensbüro der Waals Allvar Maurice Tobias Asser 1911 Wilhelm Wien Marie Curie — Gullstrand Maeterlinck Alfred Fried Victor Grignard Gerhart 1912 Gustaf Dalén Alexis Carrel Elihu Root — Paul Sabatier Hauptmann Heike Charles Rabindranath 1913 Kamerlingh Alfred Werner Henri La Fontaine — Robert Richet Tagore Onnes Theodore
  • Department of Energy National Science Foundation

    Department of Energy National Science Foundation

    Department of Energy National Science Foundation Report of Scientific Assessment Group on Experimental Non-Accelerator Physics (SAGENAP) March 12-14, 2002 Eugene Loh, NSF, Co-Chair James Stone, DoE, Co-Chair Steven Ritz, Report Coordinator SAGENAP Meeting Summary Report March 12-14, 2002 The Scientific Assessment Group for Experiments in Non-Accelerator Physics (SAGENAP) met on March 12-14, 2002, in Ballston, VA at the Arlington Hilton, with NSF as the host agency. The group members for this meeting were Janet Conrad (Columbia), Priscilla Cushman (Minnesota), Jordan Goodman (Maryland), Giorgio Gratta (Stanford), Francis Halzen (Wisconsin), James Musser (Indiana), Rene Ong (UCLA), Steven Ritz (Goddard), Hamish Robertson (U. of Washington), Robert Svoboda (Louisiana State), James Yeck (DoE), James Stone (DoE), and Eugene Loh (NSF). The meeting was co-chaired by Eugene Loh and James Stone, with Steven Ritz serving as report coordinator. Janet Conrad was absent from this meeting. Jordan Goodman and Hamish Robertson left the meeting early. Five proposals were considered at this meeting: XENON, OMNIS, 3M, Super- Kamiokande repair, and Solar Neutrino TPC. Written versions of the proposals were available to members of SAGENAP. The proponents made oral presentations during the meeting (see the Appendix for the agenda), followed by questions and answers with the group members. Individual written reviews of the proposals by SAGENAP members have been provided to the DoE and NSF. At least four individual reviews by different SAGENAP members were written for each proposal. Two additional projects were considered: the Nearby Supernova Factory, based at LBNL, and a Letter of Intent for further work on ICARUS.
  • David Norman Schramm October 25, 1945–December 19, 1997

    David Norman Schramm October 25, 1945–December 19, 1997

    NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES D AVID NORMAN SCHRAMM 1 9 4 5 — 1 9 9 7 A Biographical Memoir by M I C H A E L S . T URNER Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 2009 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON, D.C. DAVID NORMAN SCHRAMM October 25, 1945–December 19, 1997 B Y MICHAEL S . TURNER “ E LIVED LARGE IN ALL DIMENSIONS.” That is how Leon HLederman began his eulogy of David N. Schramm at a memorial service held in Aspen, Colorado, in December 1997. His large presence in space went beyond his 6-foot, 4-inch, 240-pound frame and bright red hair. In spite of his tragic death in a plane crash at age 52, Schramm lived large in the time dimension, too. At 18, he was married, a father, and a freshman physics major at MIT. After receiving his Ph.D. in physics from Caltech at 25, Schramm joined the faculty at the University of Texas at Austin. He left for Chicago two years later, and became the chair of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Department at the University of Chicago at age 2. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1986 at 40, became chair of the National Research Council’s Board on Physics and Astronomy at 47, and two years later became vice president for research at Chicago. He also had time for mountain climbing, summiting the highest peaks in five of the seven continents (missing Asia and Antarctica), driving a red Porsche with license plates that read “Big Bang,” and flying—owning four airplanes over his 12-year flying career and logging hundreds of hours annually.
  • OLC Denies FOIA Request for Opinion on Executive Orders

    OLC Denies FOIA Request for Opinion on Executive Orders

    FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS Board of Sponsors 1725 DeSales Street NW, 6th floor [email protected] (Partial List) Washington, DC 20036 www.fas.org *Sidney Altman Phone: (202) 546-3300 Fax: (202) 675-1010 Bruce Ames F.A.S. *Philip W. Anderson *Kenneth J. Arrow *Julius Axelrod *David Baltimore Frank von Hippel Hal Feiveson Henry C. Kelly Paul Beeson Chairman Secretary-Treasurer President *Baruj Benacerraf *Hans A. Bethe *J. Michael Bishop *Nicolaas Bloembergen *Norman Borlaug *Paul Boyer March 11, 2008 *Owen Chamberlain (202)454-4691 Morris Cohen *Stanley Cohen [email protected] Mildred Cohn *Leon N. Cooper Elizabeth Farris *E. .J. Corey Paul B. Cornely Office of Legal Counsel *James Cronin *Johann Deisenhofer Room 5515, 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Carl Djerassi Ann Druyan Department of Justice *Renato Dulbecco John T. Edsall Washington, DC 20530-0001 Paul R. Ehrlich By fax: 202-514-0563 George Field *Val L. Fitch Jerome D. Frank *Jerome I. Friedman Dear Ms. Farris: *John Kenneth Galbraith *Walter Gilbert *Donald Glaser *Sheldon L. Glashow This is a request under the Freedom of Information Act. Marvin L. Goldberger *Joseph L. Goldstein *Roger C. L. Guillemin We request a copy of an Office of Legal Counsel opinion from the George *Dudley R. Herschbach *Roald Hoffmann W. Bush Administration pertaining in part to the efficacy of executive John P. Holdren *David H. Hubel orders. *Jerome Karle Nathan Keyfitz *H. Gobind Khorana *Arthur Kornberg In particular, Senator Sheldon Whitehouse stated on the Senate floor on *Edwin G. Krebs *Willis E. Lamb December 7 that he had examined an OLC opinion which included, *Leon Lederman *Edward Lewis according to his notes, the following statement or something resembling it: *William N.