Smola Storage Ferula Foeti (Bunge) Regel Plantations Storage for Years

JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 05, 2020 SMOLA STORAGE FERULA FOETI (BUNGE) REGEL PLANTATIONS STORAGE FOR YEARS 1RAHMONQULOV UMARQUL, 2HALKUZIYEVA MOKHIRA ASATULLAYEVNA PhD at Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute Teacher, Jizzakh Polytechnic Institute [email protected] ANNOTATION This article provides information on the organization of plantations in the arable lands of Jizzakh region by sowing the seeds of fern (FERULA FOETIDA (BUNGE) REGEL) in the arable lands and the change in the number of plant bushes over the years. Keywords: Kovrak, plantation, lalmikor, plant, ferula foetida, f.tadshikorum, root, bud, resin, medicinal, afghan knife, soil, ton, natural. Introduction. Among the useful plants, representatives of the family Ziradoshlar (Apiaceae L.) have a special place. In particular, the species of the genus Kovrak-Ferula L. have the most (180-200) species in this family, and 63 species are found in the territory of the Republic. They are important essential oils, fodder, honey, medicinal, starchy, aromatic, food and technical plants [9]. Ferula L. contains resins and essential oils, which are used in medicine, food industry, lacquer, as a spice [2] [3] [4] [6]. In particular, the resin extracted from the roots of the plant Ferula tadshikorum and Ferula foetida contains many biologically active substances and is used in the treatment of various diseases. In our country, more than 200-300 tons of resin is extracted from the roots of these plants and exported annually. This situation leads to a decrease in plant reserves [9]. On March 20, 2018, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan signed Resolution No. PP-3617 "On measures to establish fractional plantations in the country and the processing of their raw materials, increasing their volume and export." The resolution sets a number of tasks for the sustainable use of natural resources of medicinal plants growing in the flora of the Republic of Uzbekistan, including the establishment of plantations of resin-bearing export- oriented products and increasing the volume of processing and export of their raw materials [1]. In order to ensure the implementation of this decision, scientific research is being conducted on the biology, distribution and rational use of resin-containing fractures. In the territory of Jizzakh region in 2015-2019, plantations of several fragile species, including F. foetida, brought to the arable lands from different regions, are being planted in experimental fields, and the study of the preservation of its grasses for years. Systematics of Ferula L. species E.P. Korovin (1947) and modern analysis M.G. Studied by Pimenov (1983) [1]. Life forms of plants I.A. Ramenskiy (1935), I.A. Ramensky et al. (1956), ecological-morphological features I.T. Serebryakov (1962) and I.T. Serebryakov et al. (1967) methods [9] [10] [11] [12]. For the identification of species from the materials of the Herbarium Center of the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Tashkent) and "Opredelitel rasteniy Sredney Azii" (T. IX. 1968- 1993), EP Korovin (1947), A.L. Takhtadjyan ( 1978), S.P. Cherepanov (1981; 1995), M.G. Pimenov, et al. (1983) [2] [13] [14] [15]. The fruits of the ugly crumb are squeezed from the outside, flattened or slightly bent. The outer ribs are fibrous and the outer ones are winged (Safina, 1984; Rahmonkulov, 1999). It begins to ripen in mid-July, and the ripe seeds are scattered around by wind. [16] [6] It is known that F. foetida is a perennial monocarp plant. In Uzbekistan, it is found in various groups of plants in deserts and hills, and is distributed in the Kyzylkum desert, Mirzachul, Karnabchol, Samarkand, Jizzakh, Bukhara, Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya regions and the Republic of Karakalpakstan. In F. foetida, the plant reaches a height of 1.0-1.5 m. The root is strong, thick, reaching a depth of 1.5 meters into the soil. The main part of the root reaches a depth of 0.5 m and forms a tuber, which is cylindrical, barrel-shaped or ovoid. In F. foetida, the stem of the plant is erect, slightly hollow inside, branched from the top, often forming a single generative branch, flowering and fertilizing once in 7-9 (23) years. 1893 JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 05, 2020 We collected well-matched seeds from the following regions and studied their absolute weight and morphology (Table 1). Table 1 Absolute weight and morphology of forage seeds collected from different regions Seed collection areas The Absolute Seed Seed width, thickness of Т.р. weight of 1000 height, (cm) (sm) the seed seeds, (gr) gi, (mm) Surkhandarya region, Sherabad district 1 50,6 2,1+0,5 1,4+0,4 0,8 Jizzakh region, Forish district, around Ukhum 2 village 60,3 2,4+0,7 1,6+0,5 0,7 It is known from the table that the size and absolute weight of the seeds vary depending on the place of growth of the plant. The largest seed is a seed collected from the southern slope of the Nurata ridge, which is 2.4 cm long, 1.6 cm wide, 0.7 mm thick, and the absolute weight of 1000 seeds is 60.3 g. In 2015-2019, seeds of plants growing in natural conditions were collected from different regions of the country and planted in the territory of the farm "Shifo-kovrak" Arnasay district and Sh. Rashidov district, Rovot rural citizens' counsel Farkhod farm (Table 2). Table 2 Areas collected for the experiment and areas where seeds were planted Place and date of seed collection (year, The area where the seeds are sown Date of seed Т.с month) sowing Surkhandarya province, from Bobotag, Shifo-kovrak farm of Arnasay district 2015 1 in July 2015. December From the territory of Sher Abad district, Shifo-kovrak farm of Arnasay district 2016 2 Surkhandarya region, in August 2015. December From the territory of Forish district, Shifokovrak farm of Arnasay district 2015 3 Jizzakh region, in July 2015. December Jizzakh region,. Territory of Forish Sh.Rashidov district, Rovot rural 2015 4 district, July 2015. citizens' counsel Farkhod farm December Our observations show that germination of plant seeds begins in late February and early March. The bud does not develop until the air temperature does not exceed +5 degrees. Therefore, the formation of the first leaf is associated with an increase in air temperature. The ripe, peeled seeds of the stink buckwheat plant are harvested in the summer, stored in air-permeable bags in the shade, and after biological treatment, they are plowed in autumn and early winter - late November and December, to a depth of 35.0-40.0 cm. planted on arable land. The plowed land is plowed, if uneven it is plowed and leveled. Then the plant seeds are sown by hand and up to 10 kg per hectare depending on the place of its collection The seeds are buried to a depth of 0.5 - 1.0 cm, if buried deep, the seeds are difficult to germinate from the soil, if left on the ground it is difficult to take root. When planting plantations from seed, it is important to know how much the seedlings have survived in the period before the resin is extracted from them. The average retention of sown seed grass per m2 area over the years is given in the table below (Table 3). Table 3 The preservation of foul-smelling grasses over the years № 1 year, 2 year, 3 year, 4 year, 5 year, The number of lawns number number number number number 1 Surkhandarya region, from Bobotag, collected in July 2015; Date of germination, planted in December 2015 on the territory of the farm "Shifokovrak" Arnasay district. 1204. 2016 1894 JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS ISSN- 2394-5125 VOL 7, ISSUE 05, 2020 А× 72 41 36 21 10 B× 66 40 23 16 9 2 urkhandarya region, from Bobotag, collected in July 2015; It was planted in December 2016 on the territory of the farm "Shifo-kovrak" Arnasay district. release date 14.04. 2017 А 70 45 25 18 8 B 65 40 22 15 6 3 From the territory of Forish district, Jizzakh region, in July 2015; It was planted in December 2015 on the territory of Shifokovrak farm in Arnasay district release date 12.04. 2016 А 55 36 24 19 5 B 52 33 21 14 4 4 Collected in 2015 from the territory of Forish district, Jizzakh region; Sh.Rashidov, Rovot rural citizens' counsel was planted in December 2015 on the territory of Farkhod farm release date 12.04. 2016 А 68 38 22 14 7 B 55 33 19 12 4 А×- planted as a plow, Б×- seeds sown as chisels. It is known from the table that almost half of the seeds sown in all experimental areas do not germinate, and the number of sprouted grasses is on average 30-40%. According to our observations, up to 120 grasses per 1 m2 area were observed in the spring of the following year (April 10, 2014) around 1 bush fertilized around the village of Ukhum on Mount Nurata. The number of plants that entered the generative period (flowering) in this area was 8-10 per 1 m2. This means that in nature, even if every fragile plant produces thousands of seeds, only 2-3% of the grass that grows in nature will survive until it blooms. Therefore, the number of bushes of resin-bearing husks should be 10 kg / ha in the years of resin extraction (5-6 years of vegetation) so that 10 thousand seedlings per hectare would remain. If the seed to be sown is less than this amount, we will not be able to prepare the expected number of seedlings.

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