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Erickfrancemeiradesouza Tese.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS, LETRAS E ARTES PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LETRAS ERICK FRANCE MEIRA DE SOUZA AS BUCÓLICAS DE PÚBLIO VIRGÍLIO MARO: TRADUÇÃO E ESTUDO À LUZ DE APARATO ETIMOLÓGICO E DE SIMBOLOGIA DA FLORA JOÃO PESSOA – PB 2019 ERICK FRANCE MEIRA DE SOUZA AS BUCÓLICAS DE PÚBLIO VIRGÍLIO MARO: TRADUÇÃO E ESTUDO À LUZ DE APARATO ETIMOLÓGICO E DE SIMBOLOGIA DA FLORA Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- graduação em Letras da Universidade Federal da Paraíba como requisito para obtenção do título de Doutor em Letras, na área de Literatura, Cultura e Tradução, orientada pelo Dr. Milton Marques Júnior. JOÃO PESSOA – PB 2019 AGRADECIMENTOS Ao prof. Dr. Milton Marques Júnior, com quem pude repetir o entusiasmo do estudo que despontara já desde o mestrado. Ao PPGL, pelo acolhimento da proposta de trabalho. Aos professores Dr. Juvino Alves, Dr. Henrique Murachco, Dr. Fabrício Possebon e Dra. Maria Cristina de Assis, por ter incentivado, cada qual em sua medida, meu envolvimento perene com os estudos clássicos, histórico-comparativos e indo-europeus. DEDICATÓRIA À memória de Émile Benveniste, cuja obra dedicada aos estudos histórico-comparativos urge não cair no oblívio. Aos meus ex-alunos que me permitiram compartilhar muitas das ideias primordialmente discutidas em sala de aula e as quais foram a gênese desta tese. À minha mãe, Magna Celi, pela sensibilidade e pela generosidade infatigáveis. Ao meu irmão Óliver de Lawrence, pela fratria afetuosa e pelo caráter inspiradoramente honesto e franco. Ἐτεῇ δὲ οὐδὲν ἴδμεν· ἐν βυθῷ γὰρ ἡ ἀλήθεια.1 Ἀρχὴ παιδεύσεως ἡ τῶν ὀνομάτων ἐπίσκεψις.2 1 Demócrito, citado por Diógenes Laércio, Vidas e doutrinas dos filósofos ilustres, IX, 72. 2 Antístenes, citado por Arriano, Discursos de Epicteto, I, 17. RESUMO As Bucólicas (ou Éclogas) do poeta romano do período clássico, Públio Virgílio Maro, há mais de dois milênios vêm sempre (re)despertando o interesse de leitura e estudo literário, quer por imagens emblemáticas como a do locus amoenus, quer pela composição requintada dos poemas em meio à flora que apresentam, quer pela temática literária do bucolismo (termo herdado do grego para ‘pastoreio’), cujo perfil Virgílio recupera e retraça a partir de referências notórias como do poeta helenístico Teócrito. Por outro lado, em termos de teoria e metodologia, os avanços do método histórico-comparativo sob uma perspectiva indo-europeia vêm sendo consideráveis nas últimas décadas, e esse fato nos faz indagar que leituras seriam possíveis desses célebres poemas a partir de uma atualização quanto à aplicação do método referido, de modo que tanto a etimologia como a fraseologia, a onomasiologia e mesmo discussões de elementos culturais em geral ocupem a maior parte do trabalho. Discute-se, inicialmente, um percurso do conceito de filologia de modo a se formar uma ideia mais clara da aplicação sob perspectiva histórico-comparativa, porém sem aplicação das etapas formais da filologia (stemmatica, collatio etc.). Ainda se discutem, também inicialmente, critérios quanto ao processo de tradução adotado, vantagens e desvantagens dele e como se configura, na prática, o formato dela. Apresentados, em seguida, os originais em latim acompanhados de suas respectivas traduções propostas, cada um tem seu próprio comentário conforme a proposta mencionada. Finalmente, o último capítulo complementa, em forma de verbetes, os comentários principais com um exame, sobretudo, da flora presente nos poemas e de como nos tenha parecido mais pertinente literariamente essa presença, que não só sendo puramente ornamental. Para tal, recorreu-se a uma seleção dos termos da flora e de outros de interesse cultural (libertas, honos, amoenus, labor etc.), com imagens das plantas para melhor ilustração. A conclusão é de que, malgrado haja uma discussão que há algum tempo questiona a eficiência de qualquer estudo etimológico, os estudos e traduções apresentados devem possibilitar, como amostra e forma atualizada do método adotado, uma viabilidade concreta para entendimento dos poemas sem, contrariamente a certas opiniões discutidas, perder-se de vista a perspectiva literária deles. Palavras-chave: Bucólicas. Método histórico-comparativo. Etimologia. Flora. ABSTRACT The Eclogues of Publius Vergilius Maro (roman poet from the classical period) have aroused, over more than two millennia, renewed interest in reading and literary studies, either by representative images such as the locus amoenus, by the exquisite composition of the poems amidst the flora which they present, or by the literary theme of the bucolic (inherited term from Greek for ‘herding’), whose features Vergil brings back and reshapes from remarkable sources such as the hellenistic poet Theocritus. On the other hand, concerning theory and methodology, advancements in the comparative method under an indo-european perspective have been considerable in the last decades, and that fact makes one wonder about what readings of these renowned poems would be possible by updating of the mentioned method, in such a way that etymology as well as phraseology, onomasiology and even discussions about cultural elements in general take up most of the thesis. At the beginning, there is a discussion about the course of the concept of philology in order to fashion a clearer idea of the applicability under perspective of the comparative method without, however, application of the formal stages of the classical philology (stemmatica, collatio etc.). It is also discussed, still in the beginning, the criteria about the adopted translation process, its benefits and drawbacks and what shape does it have in practice. After presenting the original poems in latin followed by their respective proposed translation, each poem has its own commentary according to the aforementioned proposal. Finally, the last chapter completes, with entries, the main commentaries by means of an examination of the flora, especially, present in the poems and of how the more literarily pertinent this presence has seemed to us, not being purely ornamental. As such, we resorted to a selection of terms of the flora and others of cultural interest (libertas, honos, amoenus, labor etc.) followed by images of this flora for better illustration. The conclusion is that, despite there being some questioning about the effectiveness of any etymological study, the studies and translations presented here should enable, as a display and updated fashion of the adopted method, a concrete feasibility to understand the poems without losing perspective of their literary context, notwithstanding some discussed opinions. Keywords: Eclogues. Comparative method. Etymology. Flora. Sumário Introdução geral ............................................................................................................ 15 I Visão geral do trabalho ................................................................................................. 15 II Virgílio e a situação das Bucólicas em meio à sua obra geral..................................... 18 1 Caracterização da análise adotada e critérios da tradução .................................... 22 1.1 Da evolução do conceito de filologia e da análise adotada ....................................... 22 1.2 Dos critérios tradutórios adotados ............................................................................. 35 1.3 Algumas observações técnicas .................................................................................. 39 2 Tradução dos poemas e respectivos comentários .................................................... 43 2.1 Bucólica I (latim e tradução)..................................................................................... 43 2.1.2 Comentários à Bucólica I ....................................................................................... 51 2.2 Bucólica II ................................................................................................................ 67 2.2.1 Comentários à Bucólica II ..................................................................................... 73 2.3 Bucólica III ............................................................................................................... 81 2.3.1 Comentários à Bucólica III .................................................................................... 93 2.4 Bucólica IV ............................................................................................................... 99 2.4.1 Comentários à Bucólica IV .................................................................................. 105 2.5 Bucólica V ............................................................................................................... 123 2.5.1 Comentários à Bucólica V ................................................................................... 131 2.6 Bucólica VI ............................................................................................................. 145 2.6.1 Comentários à Bucólica VI .................................................................................. 151 2.7 Bucólica VII ........................................................................................................... 157 2.7.1 Comentários à Bucólica VII ................................................................................ 163 2.8 Bucólica VIII .......................................................................................................... 179 2.8.1 Comentários à Bucólica VIII ..............................................................................
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