- Normalised double precision representation: 1 bit sign, 11 bits exponent. 52 bits fraction - Language as described in The C Programming approximate range of Z.ZE-308 < = 1 r 1 < = Language by Kernighan and Ritchie. published 1.BE+ 308 precision of approximately 15 byPrentice-Hall, 1978 decimal digits - C library with support for maths and standard i/o Software FORTRAN77 -Designed to conform to ANSI X3.9-1978 - Program loading and execution -Some 66 compatibility - line interpretation - 32 bit or 64 bit reals -Command files with parameter substitution LISP -Event handling - Cambridge LISP ,largely compatible with - Cross language calls University otutah 'Standard Lisp' -Library, with support for stream based i/o, -Multi-length arithmetic package type conversions, error message handling. -Full screen editor argument decoding. memory allocation, plus -Macro package and cross reference generator OSWORD, OSBYTE calls -Linker Pascal -Full screen editor with multiple windows -Designed to conform to BS6192 (ISO-Pascal - BBC editors conversion Levell) support -Extensions for modularity -Various other utilities - 64 bit reals -Support for filing systems: DFS, ADFS, NFS Assembler -Filename extensions -Acorn 32016 assembler -Time and date stamping - BBC Microcomputer STAR command BBCBASIC -Fully compatible with BBC Microcomputer BASIC -Full screen editor

For further details ask your nearest dealer or write to: g Acorn Limited ~ Fulbourn Road Cherry Hinton ~c 0 Cambridge CB 1 4JN ~ u BBC The Microcomputer system is designed. produced and marketed ~ in the UK by Limited. This description and 0 specification is subject to without notice. ~ change ~ British Broadcasting Corporation is abbreviated to BBC throughout the E text . ~------~8 The British Broadcasting CorporationMicrocomputer The British Broadcasting CorporationMicrocomputer 32016 Second Processor 32016 Second Processor

APP31 concurrently, one dedicated to efficient use by and end The British Broadcasting Corporation Microcomputer computation, one to input and output. The users alike. It permits the user to load 32016Second Processor configuration can accommodate a wide programs from a suitable backing store/ range of peripherals, in particular those filing system (eg floppy disc and DFS), and which, either as built-in or optional subsequently to execute them. PANOS is components, comprise the BBC stored partly in ROM, but is otherwise Microcomputer system. This includes loaded from the filing system, either The 32016 Second Processor is an -provide a better than floppy or Winchester disc, memory following initialisation or on demand. The extension unit which converts a BBC possible on a BBC Microcomputer alone. mapped text and graphics display, command file mechanisms permit Microcomputer into a 32 bit The high level languages provided have keyboard, printer, serial interface, IEEE developers to tailor applications for system suitable for the efficient interface, , etc. particular users. development and execution of software been selected to cover a wide range of requiring a large amount of processor application areas. It is the responsibility of the operating Full documentation is provided in three power. It is of particular value to system PANOS to manage the input and manuals. The 32016Second Processor User professional, scientific, engineering and Uses and users output resources. The makes Guide enables new users to install and educational users who require its speed, The 32016 Second Processor has been i/o requests through a procedural interface explore the system without initial recourse 256 Kbyte memory, numeric range and designed primarily for professional users forming part of the library, but normally to the other two more technical volumes, precision. who are typically educators, scientists and this is hidden from the high level language the 32016 Languages and PANOS user engineers, rather than for those at home. programmer. guides. These are published in loose leaf The 32016 Second Processor uses the However, it is expected that increasingly . . . format and supplied with ring binders so National Semiconductor 32000 series chip users will select equipment capable of use PANOS Itself relles on a fum ware kernel that updates and additional sections can set and includes the floating point chip as in both situations. Thus the system has (called ). Calls to PANOS are be easily incorporated. Note that the standard. This provides 32 bit arithmetic been designed so that, for instance, translated and routed through the kernel to Lan ua es User Guide assumes familiarity performance, a large uniform address the BBC Microcomputer's operatmg and ·ttth gl erned program source files can be edited on a filing systems such as the MOS. DFS etc. WI e anguage cone · space, and an architecture designed for BBC Microcomputer at home, then Direct access to the kernel is normally Acorn has a policy of strict quality control the efficient compilation and execution of compiled on a Second Processor high level language programs. reserved for PANOS or stand alone for both hardware and software. 32016 configuration at work. language systems. This translation within Second Processor hardware is designed The PANOS supports the Typical uses include: PANOS never takes away functionality; it is and manufactured to a high standard of development and execution of high level -low cost program development either direct or designed to increase reliability and to comply with the language programs. A number of software -low cost scientific and engineering convenience to the programmer or user. In appropriate British standards for safety. tools are provided to assist developers in applications including computer aided this way all normal BBC Microcomputer . writing or pqrting software effectively; design (CAD) resources remain available. 32016 Second Processor compilers and included are five industry-standard high operatmg systems are subjected to a -education mcluding computer science Thus, programmers have in general the rigorous test programme consisting of levellanguages, BBCBASIC, C, education and computer aided learning FORTRAN 77, Cambridge LISP, Pascal. choice between several levels of interface some or all internal acceptance tests, (CAL) with the system: certification by international standards -running existing applications, in PANOS, the operating system provided, -by the use of standard language specific bodies, independent audits and extensive particular off -loading time-sharing has been especially designed and statements or library calls, eg WRITELN in field trials. High level languages have been systems- running new applications, eg implemented for this product. The design Pascal extensively used for implementation of the those with computationally demanding or objectives were that it should: -by calls to the PANOS library which are compilers and operating system. -provide the necessary support for highly interactive loads interpreted by PANOS and partly executed professional users, applications, and -extending applications currently limited by the MOS. filing system etc, eg by the capability of a BBC Microcomputer A 32 bit high level language software development BLOCKWRITE architecture -in the modern style, be relatively simple even fitted with a 6502 Second Processor. -by calls to the PANOS library which are but extensible directly passed on to the MOS etc, eg The NS320 16 is a full32 bit architecture in a -require relatively modest configurations, How it works OSBYTE. 16 bit external data bus, 24 bit address bus but take advantage of larger ones The unit connects to a BBC Microcomputer implementation; it is object code -integrate with BBC Microcomputer via the Tube, a high speed bi-directional Users normally operate the system by compatible with other processors in the hardware and software interface. The resultant system thus interacting with the PANOS command line family. comprises two processors operating interpreter. This has been designed for concurrently, one dedicated to efficient use by programmers and end The British Broadcasting Corporation Microcomputer computation, one to input and output. The users alike. It permits the user to load 32016Second Processor configuration can accommodate a wide programs from a suitable backing store/ range of peripherals, in particular those filing system (eg floppy disc and DFS), and which, either as built-in or optional subsequently to execute them. PANOS is components, comprise the BBC stored partly in ROM, but is otherwise Microcomputer system. This includes loaded from the filing system, either The 32016 Second Processor is an -provide a better user interface than floppy or Winchester disc, memory following initialisation or on demand. The extension unit which converts a BBC possible on a BBC Microcomputer alone. mapped text and graphics display, command file mechanisms permit Microcomputer into a 32 bit computer The high level languages provided have keyboard, printer, serial interface, IEEE developers to tailor applications for system suitable for the efficient interface, Econet, etc. particular users. development and execution of software been selected to cover a wide range of requiring a large amount of processor application areas. It is the responsibility of the operating Full documentation is provided in three power. It is of particular value to system PANOS to manage the input and manuals. The 32016Second Processor User professional, scientific, engineering and Uses and users output resources. The programmer makes Guide enables new users to install and educational users who require its speed, The 32016 Second Processor has been i/o requests through a procedural interface explore the system without initial recourse 256 Kbyte memory, numeric range and designed primarily for professional users forming part of the library, but normally to the other two more technical volumes, precision. who are typically educators, scientists and this is hidden from the high level language the 32016 Languages and PANOS user engineers, rather than for those at home. programmer. guides. These are published in loose leaf The 32016 Second Processor uses the However, it is expected that increasingly . . . format and supplied with ring binders so National Semiconductor 32000 series chip users will select equipment capable of use PANOS Itself relles on a fum ware kernel that updates and additional sections can set and includes the floating point chip as in both situations. Thus the system has (called PANDORA). Calls to PANOS are be easily incorporated. Note that the standard. This provides 32 bit arithmetic been designed so that, for instance, translated and routed through the kernel to Lan ua es User Guide assumes familiarity performance, a large uniform address the BBC Microcomputer's operatmg and ·ttth gl erned program source files can be edited on a filing systems such as the MOS. DFS etc. WI e anguage cone · space, and an architecture designed for BBC Microcomputer at home, then Direct access to the kernel is normally Acorn has a policy of strict quality control the efficient compilation and execution of compiled on a Second Processor high level language programs. reserved for PANOS or stand alone for both hardware and software. 32016 configuration at work. language systems. This translation within Second Processor hardware is designed The operating system PANOS supports the Typical uses include: PANOS never takes away functionality; it is and manufactured to a high standard of development and execution of high level -low cost program development either direct or designed to increase reliability and to comply with the language programs. A number of software -low cost scientific and engineering convenience to the programmer or user. In appropriate British standards for safety. tools are provided to assist developers in applications including computer aided this way all normal BBC Microcomputer . writing or pqrting software effectively; design (CAD) resources remain available. 32016 Second Processor compilers and included are five industry-standard high operatmg systems are subjected to a -education mcluding computer science Thus, programmers have in general the rigorous test programme consisting of levellanguages, BBCBASIC, C, education and computer aided learning FORTRAN 77, Cambridge LISP, Pascal. choice between several levels of interface some or all internal acceptance tests, (CAL) with the system: certification by international standards -running existing applications, in PANOS, the operating system provided, -by the use of standard language specific bodies, independent audits and extensive particular off -loading time-sharing has been especially designed and statements or library calls, eg WRITELN in field trials. High level languages have been systems- running new applications, eg implemented for this product. The design Pascal extensively used for implementation of the those with computationally demanding or objectives were that it should: -by calls to the PANOS library which are compilers and operating system. -provide the necessary support for highly interactive loads interpreted by PANOS and partly executed professional users, applications, and -extending applications currently limited by the MOS. filing system etc, eg by the capability of a BBC Microcomputer A 32 bit high level language software development BLOCKWRITE architecture -in the modern style, be relatively simple even fitted with a 6502 Second Processor. -by calls to the PANOS library which are but extensible directly passed on to the MOS etc, eg The NS320 16 is a full32 bit architecture in a -require relatively modest configurations, How it works OSBYTE. 16 bit external data bus, 24 bit address bus but take advantage of larger ones The unit connects to a BBC Microcomputer implementation; it is object code -integrate with BBC Microcomputer via the Tube, a high speed bi-directional Users normally operate the system by compatible with other processors in the hardware and software interface. The resultant system thus interacting with the PANOS command line family. comprises two processors operating interpreter. This has been designed for concurrently, one dedicated to efficient use by programmers and end The 32000 series chip set is designed and output viewed in another window. computation, one to input and output. The users alike. It permits the user to load primarily for the execution of high level configuration can accommodate a wide programs from a suitable backing store/ languages. There is architectural support The PANOS library provides developers range of peripherals, in particular those filing system (eg floppy disc and DFS), and for integers, floating point, Boolean, bit with a set of common procedures for input which, either as built-in or optional subsequently to execute them. PANOS is field and BCD data types; for arrays, and output, for exception handling and so components, comprise the BBC stored partly in ROM, but is otherwise records, strings and stacks; and for on. Most high level languages through Microcomputer system. This includes loaded from the filing system, either procedures and modules. This support is their run time systems rely on this library. floppy or Winchester disc, memory following initialisation or on demand. The achieved through a carefully designed Apart from BBC BASIC and Cambridge mapped text and graphics display, command file mechanisms permit choice of instruction set, addressing LISP, which are self contained, all generate keyboard, printer, serial interface, IEEE developers to tailor applications for modes, registers and dedicated tables. a common object code format , AOF (Acorn interface, Econet, etc. particular users. There is a symmetric architecture and a Object Format} , and may be linked linear address space. together. A cross calling standard permits It is the responsibility of the operating Full documentation is provided in three procedures in one language, including system PANOS to manage the input and manuals. The 32016Second Processor User Instructions are of variable length with up library procedures, to be called from output resources. The programmer makes Guide enables new users to install and to two general operands. Efficient another. i/o requests through a procedural interface explore the system without initial recourse encoding of instructions and forming part of the library, but normally to the other two more technical volumes, displacements results in very compact The PANOS command line interpreter this is hidden from the high level language the 32016 Languages and PANOS user code. Full32 bit fixed point arithmetic is supports command files with parameter programmer. guides. These are published in loose leaf possible, ie two 32 bit operands can be substitution. The PANOS filing system . . . format and supplied with ring binders so operated upon to yield a 32 bit result (a 64 model extends the normal BBC PANOS Itself relles on a fnmware kernel that updates and additional sections can bit result is possible for multiply). The Microcomputer approach so that a (called PANDORA). Calls to PANOS are be easily incorporated. Note that the floating point hardware supports either 32 filename may be extended with a filing translated and routed th;ough the kernel to Languages User Guide assumes familiarity bit or 64 bit operands and results. With system name. Filename extensions which the BBC Microcomputer s operatmg and .th the la a cerned minimal software, it is capable of working provide type information and time/date filing systems such as the MOS. DFS etc. WI ngu ge con · to IEEE floating point standard. stamping are both provided. All filing Direct access to the kernel is normally Acorn has a policy of strict quality control systems are treated uniformly. reserved for PANOS or stand alone for both hardware and software. 32016 The designers of the 32000 were not language systems. This translation within Second Processor hardware is designed constrained by the need to retain upwards All compilers together with the linker are PANOS never takes away functionality; it is and manufactured to a high standard of compatibility with existing, much more written to take advantage of 32000 either direct or designed to increase reliability and to comply with the primitive microprocessor designs. Instead architecture, eg the module and link convenience to the programmer or user. In appropriate British standards for safety. the best ideas were adopted from those of mechanisms. All high level language this way all normal BBC Microcomputer . 32 bit super minicomputers and realised in compilers generate code that makes use of resources remain available. 32016 Second Processor compilers and an advanced VLSI implementation. theFPU. operatmg systems are subjected to a To retain compatibility with the BBC Thus, programmers have in general the rigorous test programme consisting of A high level language choice between several levels of interface some or all internal acceptance tests, Microcomputer, the 32016 BBC BASIC with the system: certification by international standards development environment interpreter operates as a stand alone -by the use of standard language specific bodies, independent audits and extensive The software provided with the 32016 system rather than under PANOS. Thus, statements or library calls, eg WRITELN in field trials. High level languages have been Second Processor enables developers to wherever possible, OSWORDs, OSCLisetc still operate normally. Floating point Pascal extensively used for implementation of the write or port software effectively using a -by calls to the PANOS library which are compilers and operating system. number of industry standard high level operations are carried out in software with interpreted by PANOS and partly executed languages. the same range and precision as BBC bytheMOS, filing system etc, eg A 32 bit high level language Microcomputer BASIC. BLOCKWRITE Included with PANOS are a number of architecture modern software tools. The editor is of the Both the C and FORTRAN 77 compilers -by calls to the PANOS library which are have been designed to assist programmers The NS320 16 is a full32 bit architecture in a full screen type and supports multiple directly passed on to the MOS etc, eg to port existing software effectively and to OSBYTE. 16 bit external data bus, 24 bit address bus windows. Thus, for example, error implementation; it is object code messages may be viewed in one window, execute code efficiently. The designer of Users normally operate the system by compatible with other processors in the and source text edited in another. A the Pascal compiler has paid particular interacting with the PANOS command line family. procedural model of program execution is attention to the needs of student interpreter. This has been designed for followed , thus, given sufficient memory, programmers. programs may be initiated from the editor Technical data Performance and sizing -Normalised double precision representation: c 1 bit sign, 11 bits exponent, 52 bits fraction -Language as described in The C Programming Equipment Dynamic RAM approximaterangeof2.2E-308 <= 1 r 1 <= Language by Kernighan and Ritchie, published 32016 Second Processor 256 Kbyte UK version. -256Kbyte 1.BE+ 308 precision of approximately 15 by Prentice-Hall, 1978 -32 off64 Kbit x 1 Sales order code decimal digits - C library with support for maths and standard -Access time: 150 ns ANC05. i/o -No wait states Software Prerequisites FORTRAN77 ROM (or EPROM) PANOS -Designed to conform to ANSI X3.9 -1978 A BBC Microcomputer Model B (with MOS -32Kbyte version 1.2 or later) is required along with a -Program loading and execution -Some FORTRAN 66 compatibility off 128 Kbit suitable file store plus a monitor. Software -2 -Command line interpretation - 32 bit or 64 bit reals development requires at least a dual SOtrack Operating speed -Command files with parameter substitution LISP double sided disc drive. - 6 MHz clock speed -Event handling -Cambridge USP, largely compatible with 32016 software is distributed on 80 track double -Bus cycle is performed in 4 clock cycles -Cross language calls University ofUtah 'Standard Lisp' sided DFS format floppy discs, but the -8 byte prefetch queue -Library, with support for stream based i/o, -Multi-length arithmetic package operating system supports most relevant Acorn -Typical instruction times in microseconds at type conversions, error message handling, -Full screen editor filing systems including DFS and NFS. 6MHz for 32 bit (doubleword) fixed point argument decoding, memory allocation, plus -Macro package and cross reference generator OSWORD, OSBYTE calls Construction operations: Move register to register 0. 50 -Linker Pascal The electronic components are mounted on a memorytomemory 2.83 -Full screen editor with multiple windows -Designed to conform to BS6192 (!SO-Pascal four layer printed circuit board which is Add registertoregister 0.67 - BBC Microcomputer editors conversion Levell) powered from 15W, 3A. 5V two rail power memorytomemory 5.67 support -Extensions for modularity supply with overvoltage and short circuit Mult registerto register 13.83 -Various other utilities - 64 bit reals protection. No fan is required. memory to memory )18. 33 -Support for filing systems: DFS, ADFS, NFS Assembler Physical -Filename extensions -Acorn 32016 assembler L346 x W207 x H75mm (maximum)-to match Processor data -Time and date stamping the BBC Microcomputer profile. Weight 2.1kg. - BBC Microcomputer STAR command CPU The unit is designed to be placed immediately BBCBASIC to the right of a BBC Microcomputer. - 32 bit wide internal registers and data paths -Integer range -2147483648 <= 1 r 1 <= -Fully compatible with BBC Microcomputer Power input +2147483647 BASIC 240V, 50Hz AC. A moulded 13 amp 3-pin plug -8 x general purpose registers (32 bits wide) -Full screen editor fitted with a 3 amp fuse is provided. - 8 x special purpose registers Electrical safety -Regular 8 or 16 or 32 bit fixed point arithmetic Designed and manufactured to comply with (multiply can produce a 64 bit result) BS5850, (1981). -24 bit (16 Mbyte) uniform addressing -16 bit external data bus for memory access Installation -Over 100 basic instruction types The Second Processor must be attached to the -13 basic addressing modes plus scaled BBC Microcomputer. It may be necessary to indexing install one or more ROMs in the BBC Microcomputer. These will be fitted by the FPU For further details ask your nearest dealer - 32 and 64 bit wide internal registers supplier at no charge if required. or write to: m - 8 x general purpose 32 bit wide registers Acorn Computers Limited Warranty (or up to 4 x 64 bit registers) Fulbourn Road f The Acorn standard conditions of warranty - 1 x special purpose register Cherry Hinton ~ apply. -32 bit (single precision) and 64 bit (double g Cambridge CB 1 4JN precision) operations ~ Configurations u - Normalisedsingle precision representation: E Suitable for use in a range of configurations The BBC Microcomputer system is designed, produced and marketed ~ 1 bit sign, 8 bits exponent, 23 bits fraction in the UK by Acorn Computers Limited. This description and including dual SOtrack floppy disc drives, ~ specification is subject to change without notice. approximate range of 1.2E-38 <= 1 r 1 <= ~ Winchester disc drive, IEEE interface, Prestel British Broadcasting Corporation is abbreviated to BBC throughout the E adapter, Econet. 3 .4E + 38 precision of approximately 7 decimal text . g digits ~------~0 The British Broadcasting Corporation Microcomputer 32016 Second Processor APP3 1 Technical data Performance and sizing -Normalised double precision representation: c 1 bit sign, 11 bits exponent, 52 bits fraction -Language as described in The C Programming Equipment Dynamic RAM approximaterangeof2.2E-308 <= 1 r 1 <= Language by Kernighan and Ritchie, published 32016 Second Processor 256 Kbyte UK version. -256Kbyte 1.BE+ 308 precision of approximately 15 by Prentice-Hall, 1978 -32 off64 Kbit x 1 Sales order code decimal digits - C library with support for maths and standard -Access time: 150 ns ANC05. i/o -No wait states Software Prerequisites FORTRAN77 ROM (or EPROM) PANOS -Designed to conform to ANSI X3.9 -1978 A BBC Microcomputer Model B (with MOS -32Kbyte version 1.2 or later) is required along with a -Program loading and execution -Some FORTRAN 66 compatibility off 128 Kbit suitable file store plus a monitor. Software -2 -Command line interpretation - 32 bit or 64 bit reals development requires at least a dual SOtrack Operating speed -Command files with parameter substitution LISP double sided disc drive. - 6 MHz clock speed -Event handling -Cambridge USP, largely compatible with 32016 software is distributed on 80 track double -Bus cycle is performed in 4 clock cycles -Cross language calls University ofUtah 'Standard Lisp' sided DFS format floppy discs, but the -8 byte prefetch queue -Library, with support for stream based i/o, -Multi-length arithmetic package operating system supports most relevant Acorn -Typical instruction times in microseconds at type conversions, error message handling, -Full screen editor filing systems including DFS and NFS. 6MHz for 32 bit (doubleword) fixed point argument decoding, memory allocation, plus -Macro package and cross reference generator OSWORD, OSBYTE calls Construction operations: Move register to register 0. 50 -Linker Pascal The electronic components are mounted on a memorytomemory 2.83 -Full screen editor with multiple windows -Designed to conform to BS6192 (!SO-Pascal four layer printed circuit board which is Add registertoregister 0.67 - BBC Microcomputer editors conversion Levell) powered from 15W, 3A. 5V two rail power memorytomemory 5.67 support -Extensions for modularity supply with overvoltage and short circuit Mult registerto register 13.83 -Various other utilities - 64 bit reals protection. No fan is required. memory to memory )18. 33 -Support for filing systems: DFS, ADFS, NFS Assembler Physical -Filename extensions -Acorn 32016 assembler L346 x W207 x H75mm (maximum)-to match Processor data -Time and date stamping the BBC Microcomputer profile. Weight 2.1kg. - BBC Microcomputer STAR command CPU The unit is designed to be placed immediately BBCBASIC to the right of a BBC Microcomputer. - 32 bit wide internal registers and data paths -Integer range -2147483648 <= 1 r 1 <= -Fully compatible with BBC Microcomputer Power input +2147483647 BASIC 240V, 50Hz AC. A moulded 13 amp 3-pin plug -8 x general purpose registers (32 bits wide) -Full screen editor fitted with a 3 amp fuse is provided. - 8 x special purpose registers Electrical safety -Regular 8 or 16 or 32 bit fixed point arithmetic Designed and manufactured to comply with (multiply can produce a 64 bit result) BS5850, (1981). -24 bit (16 Mbyte) uniform addressing -16 bit external data bus for memory access Installation -Over 100 basic instruction types The Second Processor must be attached to the -13 basic addressing modes plus scaled BBC Microcomputer. It may be necessary to indexing install one or more ROMs in the BBC Microcomputer. These will be fitted by the FPU For further details ask your nearest dealer - 32 and 64 bit wide internal registers supplier at no charge if required. or write to: m - 8 x general purpose 32 bit wide registers Acorn Computers Limited Warranty (or up to 4 x 64 bit registers) Fulbourn Road f The Acorn standard conditions of warranty - 1 x special purpose register Cherry Hinton ~ apply. -32 bit (single precision) and 64 bit (double g Cambridge CB 1 4JN precision) operations ~ Configurations u - Normalisedsingle precision representation: E Suitable for use in a range of configurations The BBC Microcomputer system is designed, produced and marketed ~ 1 bit sign, 8 bits exponent, 23 bits fraction in the UK by Acorn Computers Limited. This description and including dual SOtrack floppy disc drives, ~ specification is subject to change without notice. approximate range of 1.2E-38 <= 1 r 1 <= ~ Winchester disc drive, IEEE interface, Prestel British Broadcasting Corporation is abbreviated to BBC throughout the E adapter, Econet. 3 .4E + 38 precision of approximately 7 decimal text . g digits ~------~0 The British Broadcasting Corporation Microcomputer 32016 Second Processor APP3 1