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Swr2-Musikstunde-20120602.Pdf _____________________________________________ Musikbett SWR2 Musikstunde {00:20} 1 AT Nein, auch im Jazz hat man vor diesem Klischee nicht Halt gemacht: Das Wetter in London ist immer schlecht, sagt es und: wenn mal kein Regen, dann eben Nebel. Aber: „So What?“. Auch ein „Foggy Day“ kann ja sehr nett sein! Die berühmte Gershwin Hymne an London jedenfalls soll nicht als mürrische Wetterballade verstanden werden – auch wenn sie zu Beginn dieser Musikstunde über London als Jazzstadt von der Frau interpretiert wird, die so neblig singen konnte, wie sonst keine. {00:31} Musik 1 T: A Foggy Day (in London Town) INTRO unterlegen K: George Gershwin I: Billie Holiday CD: Songs for distingué lovers Verve 539056-2, LC 00383 {04:40} 2 AT Billie Holiday kann sich am Ende dann doch noch über Sonne freuen und klingt hier für ihre Verhältnisse fast schon übermütig beschwingt. Wer die Briten ärgern will, sagt, das liege daran, dass dieser Song 1937 weit weg vom Ort des Geschehens entstanden ist. „A Foggy Day In London Town“ kommt nämlich genau genommen aus dem sonnigen Beverly-Hills, aus dem Sommerhaus von George und Ira Gershwin.London als Jazzmetropole gab es zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch nicht – wie überall in Europa hatte man sich hier zwar schon nach dem ersten Weltkrieg sehr interessiert gezeigt an der neuen musikalischen Mode aus Amerika. Aber: Es war eben zunächst wirklich nur eine Mode, ein aufregendes Abenteuer mit Synkopen. 1919 als Tanzmusik ins Land gebracht von Orchestern wie der Original Dixieland Jazz Band und dem Southern Syncopated Orchestra. His Majesty Himself, King George V, hatte in den Buckingham Palace eingeladen: {00:57} Musik 2 T: Tiger Rag K: Nick LaRocca I: Original Dixieland Jazz Band CD: Jazz Tribune No. 70 – The complete Original Dixieland Jazz Band (1917-1936) RCA ND 90026, LC 00316 {00:10} 3 AT Als ob Käfer auf ihnen krabbeln würden, hätten die vornehmen Gäste sie zuerst versteinert angestarrt, erinnerte sich später Nick La Rocca an diesen Auftritt mit der Original Dixieland Jazz Band. Dann aber hätte der König gelacht und heftig applaudiert. Jazz stand von da an unter dem Schutz der britischen Krone und immer wieder waren Musiker wie Sidney Bechet oder Louis Armstrong zu Gast im Buckingham Palace. Musik 2 T: Tiger Rag K: Nick LaRocca I: Original Dixieland Jazz Band CD: Jazz Tribune No. 70 – The complete Original Dixieland Jazz Band (1917-1936) RCA ND 90026, LC 00316 {00:10} 4 AT Jazzmusik beziehungsweise die tanzbare Showvariante dieser Musik hatte bald viele Anhänger in London. Die Nachfrage war groß, auch einheimische Bands versuchten sich an der „hot dance music“, wie man diese Klänge hier erst nannte. Zu „heiß“ durfte es aber nicht sein – zum Tanzen bitte ein konstant moderates Tempo, bei ihren Radioübertragungen achtet die BBC damals strikt darauf, höchstens alle 3-4 Nummern mal einen „Hot-Title“ zu spielen. Als erster Leiter des BBC Tanzorchesters hielt sich Jack Payne an diese Vorgaben und orientierte sich dementsprechend eher am süßlichen Orchestersound eines Paul Whiteman als an den ruppigen Klängen des New Orleans Jazz. {00:42} Musik 3 T: You’re Driving Me Crazy K: Walter Donaldson I: Jack Payne & The BBC Dance Orchestra CD: Say It With Music: Jack Payne & The BBC Dance Orchestra Dutton CDEA6191, kein LC {00:20} 5 AT Gastspiele amerikanischer Musiker, Schallplatten und Radioübertragungen: Zuhören und nachspielen war das Rezept damals für Londoner Musiker wie Jack Payne. Immerhin, mit der Modemusik Jazz ließ sich ja auch ganz gut Geld verdienen. Ärgerlich nur, dass Publikum und Veranstalter immer noch die amerikanischen Originale bevorzugte, umgekehrt aber das Interesse an Tourneen mit britischen Jazzmusikern in den USA gen Null ging. Verständlicherweise. Die Britische Musikergewerkschaft aber fand das unerhört und reagierte mit einer recht kauzigen Regelung: Nur im Austausch dürften Amerikaner in Großbritannien spielen. Also pro Auftritt eines amerikanischen Jazzmusikers hier, müsste ein britischer in den USA engagiert werden. Mitte der 1930er Jahre wurde das so beschlossen und bis in die späten 50er Jahre beibehalten. Die bis dato regelmäßigen Besuche aus Übersee wurden in dieser Zeit recht sporadisch. Musik 4 T: The Theme K: Tubby Hayes I: The Couriers of Jazz (Ronnie Scott, Tubby Hayes, Terry Shannon, Jeff Clyne, Bill Eyden) LP: The Couriers of Jazz Carlton LP 12/116, kein LC {00:15} 6 AT Die stilistischen Weiterentwicklungen des Jazz in Amerika verfolgte man auf der Insel also hauptsächlich über Schallplattenaufnahmen, so erreichten Bebop, Hardbop oder Cool Jazz immer etwas verzögert die aktuelle Londoner Szene. Eine ihrer wendigen Hauptfiguren in den 1950er und 60er Jahren wurde der Saxophonist Ronnie Scott. Mit 32 Jahren eröffnet er 1959 den bis heute bekanntesten Londoner Jazzclub nach New Yorker Vorbild: Nach dem Ende der unsinnigen Restriktionen traten m „Ronnie Scott’s“ viele der berühmtesten Jazzstars auf, unter ihnen Ben Webster, Sonny Stitt, Stan Getz, Ella Fitzgerald, Chico Freeman und viele andere. Ab und an aber spielte der Hausherr auch selbst: Musik 5 T: On a Misty Night K: Tubby Hayes I: The Couriers of Jazz (Ronnie Scott, Tubby Hayes, Terry Shannon, Jeff Clyne, Bill Eyden) LP: The Couriers of Jazz Carlton LP 12/116, kein LC {05:10} 7 AT Ronnie Scott, Tubby Hayes und „The Jazz Couriers“ von 1957. Jazz hatte zu dieser Zeit auch in London die goldenen Jahre hinter sich, die Jobs in Tanzorchestern, Theatern, Rundfunkbands wurden rarer – und so waren zum Beispiel die Plätze in der Hausband des „Ronnie Scott’s Jazzclub“ sehr beliebt. Für durchreisende Gastsolisten stand hier jederzeit einsatzbereit eine eingespielte Rhythmusgruppe bereit – stilistisch flexibel, anpassungsfähig und vor allem schnell aufnahmefähig musste man für diese Aufgabe sein. Als harte, aber gute Schule hat der Schlagzeuger Tony Oxley seine Zeit als Stammschlagzeuger im „Ronnie Scott’s“ in Erinnerung. Von 1966 bis 1972 spielte er da. Viel interessanter aber fand Oxley schon damals die informellen Konzerte im „Little Theatre“ . Das war ein kleiner Londoner Club, in dem der Schlagzeuger John Stevens ab 1966 regelmäßige Jam Sessions organisierte. Hier entwickelten Musiker wie Derek Bailey, Paul Rutherford, Evan Parker oder auch Tony Oxley eine Musiksprache, die später als „free music“ die Entwicklung der freien Improvisation in ganz Europa mitprägen sollte. Musik 6 T: 2.B.Ornette K: Paul Rutherford I: The Spontaneous Music Ensemble LP: Challenge (1966) Eyemark Records EMPL 1002 {02:10} 8 AT „Turn off your mind and listen to sounds becoming music“ – Verstand ausschalten und auf die Klänge hören, die zu Musik werden“ – heißt es auf dem Plattencover von „challenge“ im Jahr 1966 und weiter: „Forget your preconceptions which tell you how jazz should sound, because this is what’s happening today“ – Vergiss die Vorurteile, die dir sagen, wie Jazz klingen soll, denn das ist, was heute passiert! „The Spontaneous Music Ensemble“ nennt John Stevens sein Quintett damals. Angeregt von den jüngsten Entwicklungen des Free Jazz in Amerika suchen er und seine Kollegen nach neuen Ausdrucksformen für eine Musik, die es sich ihrer Meinung inzwischen in zu engen formalen Grenzen bequem gemacht hatte. In ihren Sessions im „Little Theatre“ entwickelten sie eine freiere Spielhaltung, zunächst stark orientiert an Vorbildern wie Ornette Coleman, Eric Dolphy oder Albert Ayler – bald aber verfolgten sie immer eigenwilliger eine Richtung, die später recht grob mit „Klangforschung“ umschrieben wurde. „Non-idiomatisch“ wollte man spielen, also losgelöst von harmonischen und rhythmischen Standards, radikal spontan, frei von Vorgedachtem oder Vorgeprobten. Musik 7 T: Vertical Duo K: Tony Oxley, Adriano Orru I: Tony Oxley, Adriano Orru CD: Improvised Pieces For Trio Big Round Records CD 8904, kein LC {00:30} 9 AT Für diese non-idiomatische Musik war es also nicht mehr wichtig, nach bestimmten Akkordabläufen zu spielen, rhythmische Muster zu verfolgen oder Melodien zu erfinden – die Musiker beschäftigten sich dafür viel mehr mit dem Parameter „Klang“. Musik 8 T: aus: Aerobatics 1 K: Evan Parker I: Evan Parker LP: saxophone solos incus 19 {00:10} Musik 9 T: aus: Fingerprints 2 K: Evan Parker I: Evan Parker LP: at the finger palace The Break Doctor 3/ Metalanguage 110 {00:15} 10 AT Erweiterte Spieltechniken, der Um- oder Ausbau des eigenen Instruments: Musiker wie der Schlagzeuger Tony Oxley oder der Saxophonist Evan Parker konzentrierten sich auf das, was sie im herkömmlichen Jazz damals so vermissten: individuellen Ausdruck, eine persönliche Sprache – möglichst klischeebefreit. Aus dieser Motivation heraus entstanden in diesem Kreis nicht nur zahlreiche im Kollektiv improvisierende Formationen, sondern auch auffällig viele solistische Arbeiten. Der Gitarrist Derek Bailey zum Beispiel verordnete sich selbst immer wieder Solo-Phasen, um, wie er meinte, sein „eigenes Spiel unter die Lupe zu nehmen und herauszufinden, was falsch und was richtig daran war.“ Musik 10 T: What’s New K: Johnny Burke, Robert Haggart I: Derek Bailey CD: Ballads Tzadik TZ 7607, LC ? {01:35} 11 AT Derek Bailey mit einer seiner späten Aufnahmen aus dem Jahr 2002 – überraschenderweise erschienen damals 2 Alben von ihm, auf denen er bekannte Standards interpretiert – alle dogmatischen Anhängern seiner Idee von non-idiomatischer Musik also heftig irritiert. Irritiert war Anfang der 1970er Jahre natürlich auch das Londoner Jazzpublikum: Die „free music“ von Bailey, Stevens, Parker, Oxley, Guy oder Rutherford stieß auf Unverständnis und Ablehnung. Bei den Konzerten waren oft mehr Musiker
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