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The T>Iary of Sidney Qeorge Fisher The T>iary of Sidney Qeorge Fisher 1861 N THE latter half of 1861, Fisher has the melancholy task of chronicling the beginning of the real shooting war in some pas- I sages of interest about Bull Run. Fearfully, he watches the rise of the "Peace Party" within the ranks of the Democracy, a move- ment calculated to embarrass the war effort. While deploring the lack of leadership in Philadelphia on the one hand, he sniffs with dis- favor at an intimation that he himself might run for Congress. As far as the nation's top leadership was concerned, Fisher felt at ease, for he had confidence in Lincoln whom he unconsciously defines as a genius when he writes that the President had "a wisdom that is above learning." On a personal plane, the diarist had never been happier. He had his wife and child, Bet and Sidney, literature, friends, and country life. Moreover, his brother Henry was recovering from his business failure and it looked as if all would be well and that Brookwood, Henry's magnificent estate, could be saved. Of course, he could no longer apply to Henry for the usual loan to balance his annual deficit. This year he went to a bank for the money. Despite ever-increasing debt, Fisher was optimistic. He had converted his farming operations from wheat to truck gardening. True, 1861 had been a bad year for his produce, but 1862 was bound to be better. So he thought. July 4> 1861 Francis Bolivar, who is still at Somerville, came over in the afternoon. He brought an invitation for us to go there in the evening as Dickinson was to have the Rising Sun Home Guard & an exhibition of fireworks.1 I determined to go and drove Francis l Dr. John Dickinson Logan (1817-1881), wealthy Germantown sportsman, was frequently visited at his house, Somerville, by Francis Bolivar, ill-fated natural son of Fernando Bolivar, nephew of Simon Bolivar. Francis had been brought to Philadelphia by his father in 1857 to attend Germantown Academy. 199 1OO SIDNEY GEORGE FISHER April over at 7>^. The Guard came at 8, marching with flag & drum. Dickinson is their captain and drilled them on the lawn. He is a fine, manly fellow and very popular with them. He told me that they in- sisted on his being their captain and as he had been born and bred in the neighborhood he could not refuse. That he should go on until he got them uniformed & armed and then give it up. There were tables for refreshments under the trees, & a bountiful supply and a beauti- ful display of fireworks. Besides the Guard, there were many villagers present & many women & children, I suppose altogether three hun- dred people. They seemed to enjoy themselves and I thought the scene rather pleasant, but as I was suffering all the time from gout, somewhat fatiguing. I left the crowd & came home by 10 o'clock. July 6, 1861 The President's message in the paper this morn- ing.2 Read it with great satisfaction. In sentiment, thought and style it is similar to the inaugural speech. It is simple, clear, positive & is marked throughout by evident sincerity & truth. It is wholly free from egotism or desire to produce an effect, but is earnest & candid. It shows, moreover, remarkable power of thought & argument. The reflections are eminently just and the right of secession is treated in a manner at once clear, comprehensive and original. It contains the following happy definition of a sovereign state, "a political com- munity without a political superior/' which is so terse & complete, that it deserves a place in the science of politics. The style is not polished or graceful, but nervous, compact & clear, the utterance of strong convictions seeking expression. The whole production is per- vaded by good feeling and loyal catholic spirit. In this hour of its trial, the country seems to have found in Mr. Lincoln a great man. I should judge that he has a clear head, a good heart, a strong will and high moral sentiment. Should he prove equal to the promise given by his speech, his message and his conduct thus far, he will be an unspeakable blessing to the nation. He was got, however, by acci- dent, by the chance of a caucus nomination. His selection was a sur- prise to himself and to the people. By far the most prominent candidate was Mr. Seward,3 who had been intriguing for the place 2 Lincoln's message to Congress was printed in the July 6, 1861, issue of the diarist's favorite Philadelphia newspaper, the North American. 3 William H. Seward (1801-1872) of New York, Secretary of State under Lincoln. 1964 DIARY l86l 2OI for years. Next to him was Simon Cameron of this state.4 Had either been chosen, we would have been ruined. The ability and character Mr. Lincoln displays, opens, beyond the gloom of the present, a happy future for the country. He calls for at least 400,000 men and 400 millions of dollars to make the war short & decisive. Congress will grant them without hesitation. He may be trusted with this power and will carry the country with him. 5 July /8y 1861 The news this morning is that McDowell, with 55,000 troops, had advanced into Virginia and taken Fairfax Court House without resistance, the enemy retreating towards Manassas Junction. It is said the rebel force in Virginia is now 60,000 at the Junction, 10,000 at Richmond, 15,000 at Yorktown, 20,000 at Norfolk—in all 105,000. It is supposed that Genl. Scott6 wished the advance movement delayed a fortnight, but yielded to the impa- tience of the army and of the public. A battle is now expected every hour. July 22y 1861 The news in the morning paper was that yes- terday there was a severe battle, at Bull's Run, which lasted for 9 hours, with great loss on both sides and that the enemy was driven from their batteries and our army following towards Manassas Gap. Mrs. Logan & her son Sidney, with Francis Bolivar, came at io>£. When they left, Bet & I drove to the station at 7th St. & went to town. Found the city in a ferment at news received by telegraph since the morning papers were out. The intelligence was that our army had been completely routed and put to flight, 10,000 men killed, 8 rifled cannon and two batteries of light artillery taken by the enemy, and that our troops were in rapid flight towards Washington. Making allowance for the usual exaggeration on such occasions, there seems little room to doubt that we have met with a signal defeat. It appears, so far as I can make it out, that our force was attacked on its march to Manassas & repulsed by Genl. Johnston, who had just arrived in 4 Simon Cameron (1799-1889) resigned from the Senate to become Lincoln's Secretary of War. In January, 1862, Lincoln succeeded in getting rid of him by appointing Cameron minister to Russia. 6 Gen. Irvin McDowell (1818-1885) commanded the Union army at Bull Run. 6 Gen. Winfield Scott (1786-1866) retired from command of the army at his own request on Oct. 31, 1861. 2O2 SIDNEY GEORGE FISHER April time from Winchester. This result is due to want of military knowl- edge on our side and the possession of it by the enemy. Genl. Patter- son ought to have prevented Johnston from going to Manassas.7 8 July 2jy 1861 I went to McMichaePs office and saw there an intelligent man, who is the chaplain to the Minnesota Regiment, and who was in the battle on Sunday from first to last. I listened to his account of what he saw with great interest, as it was a vivid picture of the scenes of war. He marched with his regiment until it went into action and was on the battlefield until the retreat. He saw nothing of the panic & flight, which happened at a distance from his position. He said they crossed the Run early in the morning & entered a wood. Soon they found wounded & dying men along the road. After a time they met a carriage in which was seated an officer in rich military dress, badly wounded, with bloody bandages around his neck, who bowed & smiled and faintly cheered them as they passed. This was Col. Slocum of a Rhode Island Regiment, who died the same day.9 As the duty of the chaplain was not fighting, when his regiment was engaged he employed himself in getting the wounded into an ambulance. He collected eleven & took them to the hospital. He was frequently exposed to fire, the balls whistling above his head. Of his company only 200 returned to their quarters. He marched with them in their retreat & was 30 hours on his feet with scarcely anything to eat. His narrative was very simple and circumstantial & free from egotism or ostentation. Gov. Sprague, the commander of the Rhode Island Regiment, a young man worth 6 millions of dollars, was in the battle & had his clothes torn with bullets and his horse shot under him.10 He lost the fine battery of the regiment, which, however, he spiked, but could not bring away as the horses were killed. Russel, the correspondent of the London Times was a spectator of the whole affair on horseback from a hill, and said that he never saw better 7 Gen. Robert Patterson (1792-1881), Philadelphia soldier and industrialist, had orders to hold Confederate Gen.
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