DOCSLIB.ORG

Black Nativism: African American Politics, Nationalism and Citizenship in Baltimore and Philadelphia, 1817 to 1863

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Black Nativism: African American Politics, Nationalism and Citizenship in Baltimore and Philadelphia, 1817 to 1863 BLACK NATIVISM: AFRICAN AMERICAN POLITICS, NATIONALISM AND CITIZENSHIP IN BALTIMORE AND PHILADELPHIA, 1817 TO 1863 A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Andrew Keith Diemer May, 2011 Examining Committee Members: Elizabeth R. Varon, Chair, University of Virginia, History Andrew C. Isenberg, Temple University, History David Waldstreicher, Temple University, History Richard S. Newman, Rochester Institute of Technology, History © by Andrew Keith Diemer 2011 All Rights Reserved ii Abstract This dissertation is a study of free African American politics, in the cities of Baltimore and Philadelphia, between 1817 and 1863. At the heart of this black politics were efforts to assert the right of free African Americans to citizenship in their native United States. Claims on the ambiguous notion of citizenship were important to free blacks both as a means of improving their own lives and as a way to combat slavery. The dissertation begins with the organized black protest against the founding of the American Colonization Society. The contest over the notion, advanced by the ACS, that free blacks were not truly American, or that they could not ever be citizens in the land of their birth, powerfully shaped the language and tactics of black politics. The dissertation ends with the enlistment of black troops in the Civil War, a development which powerfully shaped subsequent arguments for full black citizenship. It argues that in this period, free African Americans developed a rhetorical language of black nativism, the assertion that birth on American soil and the contribution of one’s ancestors to the American nation, had won for African Americans the right to be citizens of the United States. This assertion was made even more resonant by the increasing levels of white immigration during this period; African Americans pointed to the injustice of granting to white immigrants that which was denied to native born blacks. This discourse of nativism served as a means of weaving the fight for black citizenship into the fabric of American politics. The dissertation also argues that the cities of Philadelphia and Baltimore were part of a distinctive borderland where the issues of slavery and black citizenship were particularly explosive, and where free African Americans, therefore, found themselves with significant political leverage. iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank a number of institutions that provided me with crucial funding while I was researching and writing this dissertation: the Graduate School of Temple University, the Center for Humanities at Temple, the Pennsylvania Historical Society, the Library Company of Philadelphia, and the Maryland Historical Society. I have received helpful advice from any number of scholars, but a few merit special thanks. This dissertation began as a small research paper for a seminar taught by Wilbert Jenkins. I am grateful to Professor Jenkins for starting me on the study of African American history. I also had the good fortune to sit across from Nancy Cott at lunch, just as I was conceiving this project. She made the crucial suggestion that I narrow my focus geographically, and I cannot imagine what this dissertation would have looked like had I not followed her advice. I presented a substantial portion of the second chapter to the seminar at the Center for Humanities at Temple, and am grateful for the comments and suggestions I received there. I am especially thankful to Peter Logan the director of CHAT, who has helped me to continue to be open to the work of scholars of literature and what it can teach historians. Early in my graduate education I had the good fortune to take a seminar on methodology with Drew Isenberg. That experience shaped my understanding of the study of history immeasurably. His advice was especially crucial to me in the early stages of dissertation writing, as I attempted to wrestle with the concept of the border. Richard Newman has been more than generous to me and to this project, and from the very start. I introduced myself to him at a conference at which he was the keynote iv speaker, and when I presumptuously asked him to read a seminar paper I had just written (one which ultimately would grow into this dissertation) he did so gladly. Not only did he offer criticism and encouragement, but he asked me if he could pass it along to other scholars who would be interested in my work. He has always been a champion of me and my work, and his own scholarship on abolition and free blacks has been an inspiration to me. David Waldstreicher has been like a second advisor to me. Those who know him or his work will be unsurprised to know that he is a sharp critic. He has never been shy about letting me know when my work has not been up to his standards, or when there were crucial angles I had not considered. I was always a little nervous as I waited for his comments after sending a chapter to him. Yet he has been incredible generous to me, and just as important his passion for history, the breadth and depth of his knowledge, are a constant inspiration to me. Legend has it that when future President James Garfield was asked to describe the form of the ideal college, he replied that it would be his former professor, Mark Hopkins, at one end of a log and a student at the other end. While perhaps not as quaint as Garfield’s image, a sizable portion of my own time in graduate school was spent on the other side of Elizabeth Varon’s desk, discussing books she had asked me to read or dissertation chapters I had asked her to read. I cannot imagine a better way to spend my time in graduate school. She has been an ideal mentor, and she has often seen what is valuable in my work before I have. I cannot thank her enough for all she has done for me, as a mentor and as an advocate. Her own work has inspired me and set a high standard to which I aspire. v My parents have been unfailingly supportive. Their confidence in my abilities never failed, and more recently they have made superhuman efforts to help watch my children when we needed them to do so. Those children deserve thanks as well. Marcus was born just before I began the PhD program at Temple, and Anna and Katherine came along at various points to further complicate the already daunting challenge of dissertation writing. They are not ready to read this yet, but I look forward to the day when they are. Above all, I am indebted to my wife, Gretchen. She has read most of what is here, and she has often helped to push me to think about writing for a broader audience and not just for the academic historians who were most often on my mind. She is not an historian, but through her example she inspires me to be better at what I do. I admire her ability to combine analytic rigor with humanism. Her devotion to her students and her compassion for patients are a constant inspiration to me in my own teaching and in my study of the past. vi Table of Contents Page Abstract .............................................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iv Introduction – Black Politics, Black Nativism ................................................................ viii Chapter One – “One Long, Loud, Aye TREMENDOUS NO”: Colonization and Black Politics .....................................................1 Chapter Two – Free Blacks, the Border, and American Identity........................................................................................................49 Chapter Three – Citizenship, Reform, and the Necessity of Black Politics ..............................................................................................108 Chapter Four – “A Christian Party in Politics”: Moral Reform and Free Black Politics in Philadelphia ...................................................145 Chapter Five – Black Politics and Practical Antislavery .................................................182 Chapter Six – The Fugitive Slave Law and the Tumultuous Politics of the Early 1850s ...........................................................................249 Chapter Seven – Black Nativism and the Road to the Civil War ....................................289 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................349 vii Introduction – Black Politics, Black Nativism Whereas information has been received that in the year 1825 several free persons of colour inhabitants of the city of Philadelphia were forcibly seized within its limits by persons unknown and carried off into slavery; and whereas public outrage on the rights of the inhabitants thereof should not remain unpunished, therefore Resolved by the Select and Common Councils that the Mayor of the City be authorized to issue his proclamation offering in the name and on the behalf of the City a reward of five hundred dollars for the discovery and prosecution to conviction of any person concerned in the forcible abduction of certain free persons of colour from the City of Philadelphia in the year 1825.1 On February 8, 1827, the Select Council of the City of Philadelphia passed a resolution condemning the practice of kidnapping free blacks for sale as slaves, and appropriating funds to assist the mayor, Joseph Watson, in combating this practice. The prevalence
Load more

Recommended publications
  • African American Literature in Transition, 1850–1865
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42748-7 — African American Literature in Transition Edited by Teresa Zackodnik Frontmatter More Information AFRICAN AMERICAN LITERATURE IN TRANSITION, – The period of – consists of violent struggle and crisis as the United States underwent the prodigious transition from slaveholding to ostensibly “free” nation. This volume reframes mid-century African American literature and challenges our current understand- ings of both African American and American literature. It presents a fluid tradition that includes history, science, politics, economics, space and movement, the visual, and the sonic. Black writing was highly conscious of transnational and international politics, textual circulation, and revolutionary imaginaries. Chapters explore how Black literature was being produced and circulated; how and why it marked its relation to other literary and expressive traditions; what geopolitical imaginaries it facilitated through representation; and what technologies, including print, enabled African Americans to pursue such a complex and ongoing aesthetic and political project. is a Professor in the English and Film Studies Department at the University of Alberta, where she teaches critical race theory, African American literature and theory, and historical Black feminisms. Her books include The Mulatta and the Politics of Race (); Press, Platform, Pulpit: Black Feminisms in the Era of Reform (); the six-volume edition African American Feminisms – in the Routledge History of Feminisms series (); and “We Must be Up and Doing”: A Reader in Early African American Feminisms (). She is a member of the UK-based international research network Black Female Intellectuals in the Historical and Contemporary Context, and is completing a book on early Black feminist use of media and its forms.
    [Show full text]
  • The Inventory of the Ralph Ingersoll Collection #113
    The Inventory of the Ralph Ingersoll Collection #113 Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center John Ingersoll 1625-1684 Bedfordshire, England Jonathan Ingersoll 1681-1760 Connecticut __________________________________________ Rev. Jonathan Ingersoll Jared Ingersoll 1713-1788 1722-1781 Ridgefield, Connecticut Stampmaster General for N.E Chaplain Colonial Troops Colonies under King George III French and Indian Wars, Champlain Admiralty Judge Grace Isaacs m. Jonathan Ingersoll Baron J.C. Van den Heuvel Jared Ingersoll, Jr. 1770-1823 1747-1823 1749-1822 Lt. Governor of Conn. Member Const. Convention, 1787 Judge Superior and Supreme Federalist nominee for V.P., 1812 Courts of Conn. Attorney General Presiding Judge, District Court, PA ___ _____________ Grace Ingersoll Charles Anthony Ingersoll Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll m. Margaret Jacob A. Charles Jared Ingersoll Joseph Reed Ingersoll Zadock Pratt 1806- 1796-1860 1789-1872 1790-1878 1782-1862 1786-1868 Married General Grellet State=s Attorney, Conn. State=s Attorney, Conn. Dist. Attorney, PA U.S. Minister to England, Court of Napoleon I, Judge, U.S. District Court U.S. Congress U.S. Congress 1850-1853 Dept. of Dedogne U.S. Minister to Russia nom. U.S. Minister to under Pres. Polk France Charles D. Ingersoll Charles Robert Ingersoll Colin Macrae Ingersoll m. Julia Helen Pratt George W. Pratt Judge Dist. Court 1821-1903 1819-1903 New York City Governor of Conn., Adjutant General, Conn., 1873-77 Charge d=Affaires, U.S. Legation, Russia, 1840-49 Theresa McAllister m. Colin Macrae Ingersoll, Jr. Mary E. Ingersoll George Pratt Ingersoll m. Alice Witherspoon (RI=s father) 1861-1933 1858-1948 U.S. Minister to Siam under Pres.
    [Show full text]
  • PEAES Guide: the Historical Society of Pennsylvania
    PEAES Guide: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania http://www.librarycompany.org/Economics/PEAESguide/hsp.htm Keyword Search Entire Guide View Resources by Institution Search Guide Institutions Surveyed - Select One The Historical Society of Pennsylvania 1300 Locust Street Philadelphia, PA 19107 215-732-6200 http://www.hsp.org Overview: The entries in this survey highlight some of the most important collections, as well as some of the smaller gems, that researchers will find valuable in their work on the early American economy. Together, they are a representative sampling of the range of manuscript collections at HSP, but scholars are urged to pursue fruitful lines of inquiry to locate and use the scores of additional materials in each area that is surveyed here. There are numerous helpful unprinted guides at HSP that index or describe large collections. Some of these are listed below, especially when they point in numerous directions for research. In addition, the HSP has a printed Guide to the Manuscript Collections of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania (HSP: Philadelphia, 1991), which includes an index of proper names; it is not especially helpful for searching specific topics, item names, of subject areas. In addition, entries in the Guide are frequently too brief to explain the richness of many collections. Finally, although the on-line guide to the manuscript collections is generally a reproduction of the Guide, it is at present being updated, corrected, and expanded. This survey does not contain a separate section on land acquisition, surveying, usage, conveyance, or disputes, but there is much information about these subjects in the individual collections reviewed below.
    [Show full text]
  • Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia: an Architectural History and Inventory (1758-1991)
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 1992 Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia: An Architectural History and Inventory (1758-1991) Frederick Lee Richards University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Richards, Frederick Lee, "Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia: An Architectural History and Inventory (1758-1991)" (1992). Theses (Historic Preservation). 349. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/349 Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Richards, Frederick Lee (1992). Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia: An Architectural History and Inventory (1758-1991). (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/349 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia: An Architectural History and Inventory (1758-1991) Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Richards, Frederick Lee (1992). Old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Philadelphia:
    [Show full text]
  • White, with a Class-Based Blight: Drawing Irish Americans Sharrona Pearl
    White, with a Class-Based Blight: Drawing Irish Americans Sharrona Pearl Éire-Ireland, Volume 44:3&4, Earrach/Samhradh / Fall/Winter 2009, pp. 171-199 (Article) Published by Irish-American Cultural Institute DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/eir.0.0045 For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/382656 Access provided by University Of Pennsylvania (2 Oct 2017 16:05 GMT) Sharrona Pearl White, with a Class- Based Blight: Drawing Irish Americans Introduction Let me make one thing clear at the outset: Irish Americans were not black. Despite similar economic conditions, they were not treated as blacks legally, politically, or culturally.1 That is not to say that they escaped discrimination, nor does it minimize their suffering in the Great Famine of the s as they fled from death and disease. Rather, this essay points out that the respective sufferings—and tri- umphs—of nineteenth-century Irish Americans and African Amer- icans were different. From their arrival in the United States, Irish Americans suffered various forms of cultural prejudices that were expressed in caricature representations, but they were protected from the legal discrimination facing African Americans. Whiteness did not automatically confer freedom from repression and discrim- ination, nor did repression and discrimination automatically confer a designation of nonwhiteness or blackness. *The research for this project was funded by the generosity of the Caroline and Erwin Swann Foundation for Caricature and Cartoon. The essay benefited from the diligent help of curator Martha Kennedy, Paul Hogroian, and my research assis- tant, Adrienne Shaw. I am grateful for the suggestions of Shiamin Kwa, Paul Mes- saris, and the two anonymous referees for Éire-Ireland, as well as for the careful edit- ing and guidance of Vera Kreilkamp.
    [Show full text]
  • Philadelphia and the Southern Elite: Class, Kinship, and Culture in Antebellum America
    PHILADELPHIA AND THE SOUTHERN ELITE: CLASS, KINSHIP, AND CULTURE IN ANTEBELLUM AMERICA BY DANIEL KILBRIDE A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1997 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In seeing this dissertation to completion I have accumulated a host of debts and obligation it is now my privilege to acknowledge. In Philadelphia I must thank the staff of the American Philosophical Society library for patiently walking out box after box of Society archives and miscellaneous manuscripts. In particular I must thank Beth Carroll- Horrocks and Rita Dockery in the manuscript room. Roy Goodman in the Library’s reference room provided invaluable assistance in tracking down secondary material and biographical information. Roy is also a matchless authority on college football nicknames. From the Society’s historian, Whitfield Bell, Jr., I received encouragement, suggestions, and great leads. At the Library Company of Philadelphia, Jim Green and Phil Lapansky deserve special thanks for the suggestions and support. Most of the research for this study took place in southern archives where the region’s traditions of hospitality still live on. The staff of the Mississippi Department of Archives and History provided cheerful assistance in my first stages of manuscript research. The staffs of the Filson Club Historical Library in Louisville and the Special Collections room at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond were also accommodating. Special thanks go out to the men and women at the three repositories at which the bulk of my research was conducted: the Special Collections Library at Duke University, the Southern Historical Collection of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and the Virginia Historical Society.
    [Show full text]
  • 08-1521 Mcdonald V. Chicago (06/28/2010)
    (Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2009 1 Syllabus NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus MCDONALD ET AL. v. CITY OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SEVENTH CIRCUIT No. 08–1521. Argued March 2, 2010—Decided June 28, 2010 Two years ago, in District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U. S. ___, this Court held that the Second Amendment protects the right to keep and bear arms for the purpose of self-defense and struck down a Dis- trict of Columbia law that banned the possession of handguns in the home. Chicago (hereinafter City) and the village of Oak Park, a Chi- cago suburb, have laws effectively banning handgun possession by almost all private citizens. After Heller, petitioners filed this federal suit against the City, which was consolidated with two related ac- tions, alleging that the City’s handgun ban has left them vulnerable to criminals. They sought a declaration that the ban and several re- lated City ordinances violate the Second and Fourteenth Amend- ments. Rejecting petitioners’ argument that the ordinances are un- constitutional, the court noted that the Seventh Circuit previously had upheld the constitutionality of a handgun ban, that Heller had explicitly refrained from opining on whether the Second Amendment applied to the States, and that the court had a duty to follow estab- lished Circuit precedent.
    [Show full text]
  • Balch Family Papers
    Collection 3058 Balch Family Papers Papers, 1755-1963 (bulk 1870-1920) 7 boxes, 44 volumes, 3 flat files, 6.9 lin. feet Contact: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania 1300 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107 Phone: (215) 732-6200 FAX: (215) 732-2680 http://www.hsp.org Processed by: Larissa Repin, Laura Ruttum & Joanne Danifo Processing Completed: September 2005 Sponsor: Phoebe W. Haas Charitable Trust Restrictions: None. Related Collections at See page 26 of the finding aid HSP: © 2005 The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. All rights reserved. Balch Family papers Collection 3058 Balch Family Papers, 1755-1963 (bulk 1870-1920) 7 boxes, 44 volumes, 3 flat files, 6.9 lin. feet Collection 3058 Abstract Thomas Balch (1821-1877) was born in Leesburg, Virginia to Lewis Penn Witherspoon Balch and Elizabeth Willis Weaver. He attended Columbia University and moved to Philadelphia, where he was admitted to the bar in 1850. In 1852, he married Emily Swift (1835-1917) and together they had three children: Elise Willing Balch (1853-1913), Edwin Swift Balch (1856-1927), and Thomas Willing Balch (1866-1927). The Balch family resided in Europe from 1859 to 1873 during which time Thomas (d. 1877) conducted research for several of the books and articles he wrote. His two most notable works are Les Francais en Amérique Pendant le Guerre de l’Indépendence, which explores France’s role in the American Revolution, and International Courts of Arbitration, which was written in aftermath of the sinking of the Alabama during the Civil War. Thomas Balch passed away in 1887 in Philadelphia. His sons Edwin Swift (d.
    [Show full text]
  • Maryland Historical Magazine, 1976, Volume 71, Issue No. 3
    AKfLAND •AZIN Published Quarterly by the Maryland Historical Society FALL 1976 Vol. 71, No. 3 BOARD OF EDITORS JOSEPH L. ARNOLD, University of Maryland, Baltimore County JEAN BAKER, Goucher College GARY BROWNE, Wayne State University JOSEPH W. COX, Towson State College CURTIS CARROLL DAVIS, Baltimore RICHARD R. DUNCAN, Georgetown University RONALD HOFFMAN, University of Maryland, College Park H. H. WALKER LEWIS, Baltimore EDWARD C. PAPENFUSE, Hall of Records BENJAMIN QUARLES, Morgan State College JOHN B. BOLES, Editor, Towson State College NANCY G. BOLES, Assistant Editor RICHARD J. COX, Manuscripts MARY K. MEYER, Genealogy MARY KATHLEEN THOMSEN, Graphics FORMER EDITORS WILLIAM HAND BROWNE, 1906-1909 LOUIS H. DIELMAN, 1910-1937 JAMES W. FOSTER, 1938-1949, 1950-1951 HARRY AMMON, 1950 FRED SHELLEY, 1951-1955 FRANCIS C. HABER 1955-1958 RICHARD WALSH, 1958-1967 RICHARD R. DUNCAN, 1967-1974 P. WILLIAM FILBY, Director ROMAINE S. SOMERVILLE, Assistant Director The Maryland Historical Magazine is published quarterly by the Maryland Historical Society, 201 W. Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201. Contributions and correspondence relating to articles, book reviews, and any other editorial matters should be addressed to the Editor in care of the Society. All contributions should be submitted in duplicate, double-spaced, and consistent with the form out- lined in A Manual of Style (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969). The Maryland Historical Society disclaims responsibility for statements made by contributors. Composed and printed at Waverly Press, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland 21202,. Second-class postage paid at Baltimore, Maryland. © 1976, Maryland Historical Society. 6 0F ^ ^^^f^i"^^lARYLA/ i ^ RECORDS LIBRARY \9T6 00^ 26 HIST NAPOLIS, M^tl^ND Fall 1976 #.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Democratic State Convention
    ij >vl-C>6<£ Jl PROCEEDINGS. OT TH1 DEMOCRATIC STATE CONVENTION, WHICH ASSERaOBOLESD' AT LEWISTOWN, ©N Wednesday, *Way ®tk, IS 85* HARRISBURG: PRINTED BY CRABB dr BARRETT, £@35. A The delegates elected from the different counties of the common¬ wealth assembled at Levvistown on Wednesday, the 6th of May, 1835. On motion, Col. JOHN DICKEY, of Beaver, was called to the chair, and Andrew G. Miller, of Adams, H. G. Rogers, of Alleg¬ heny, and Henry Shoemaker, of the city of Philadelphia, Were ap¬ pointed Secretaries, for the purpose of organizing the convention. Pursuant to a resolution, the counties were called in alphabetical order, and the following named delegates appeared, presented their Credentials and took their seats: Adams.—Zephaniah Herbert, A. G. Miller, Thos. McCreery. Allegheny.—/Absalom Morris, Win. Caven, Patrick Mulvany, IX. G. Rogers, Linton Rogers. Armstrong.—Robert Robinson. Senatorial—David Reynolds. Beaver.—Jcfhn Dickey, John M. Lukens. Bedford.— James Patton. Berks.—Thomas Morris, Mark Darrah, Jacob Geehr, William Fisher, Le¬ wis W. Richards. Bradford 8f Tioga—Samuel Weeks, Dr. D. L. Scott. Senatorial—Dr. Seth Salisbury. Bucks.—Gen. S. A. Smith, David Todd, Hervey Matthias, John Comfort, Jr. Butler.—James Potts, jr. Senatorial—Samttel A. Gilmore. Centre fy Clearheld.—Dr. Constans Curten, Col. George Hubler. Senatorial —Thomas Hemphill. Chester.—John Morgan, Joseph Maekleduff, David Furey, Robert Cowan, Joseph Hemphill, ji. Columbia—John F. Derr, Col. Frederick Shirtz. Crawford.—'William McLaughlin. Senatorial—Samuel W. Magill. Cumberland.—Charles B. Penrose, Hugh Wallace. Senatorial—George Beaver. Dauphin.—John C. Bucher, Jacob Seal. Delaware.—Wm. B. Sill, A. T. Dick. Brie.—Henry Colt.
    [Show full text]
  • Radical Abolitionists and the Transformation of Race
    the black hearts of men John Stauffer The Black Hearts of Men radical abolitionists and the transformation of race harvard university press cambridge, massachusetts and london, england Copyright © 2001 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First Harvard University Press paperback edition, 2004 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Stauffer, John. The black hearts of men : radical abolitionists and the transforma- tion of race / John Stauffer. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-674-00645-3 (cloth) ISBN 0-674-01367-0 (pbk.) 1. Abolitionists—United States—History—19th century. 2. Antislavery movements—United States—History—19th century. 3. Abolitionists—United States—Biography. 4. Smith, James McCune, 1813–1865. 5. Smith, Gerrit, 1797–1874. 6. Douglass, Frederick, 1817?–1895. 7. Brown, John, 1800–1859. 8. Radical- ism—United States—History—19th century. 9. Racism—United States—Psychological aspects—History—19th century. 10. United States—Race relations—Moral and ethical aspects. I. Title. E449 .S813 2001 973.7Ј114Ј0922—dc21 2001039474 For David Brion Davis Contents A Introduction • 1 one The Radical Abolitionist Call to Arms • 8 two Creating an Image in Black • 45 three Glimpsing God’s World on Earth • 71 four The Panic and the Making of Abolitionists • 95 five Bible Politics and the Creation of the Alliance • 134 six Learning from Indians • 182 seven Man Is Woman and Woman Is Man • 208 eight The Alliance Ends and the War Begins • 236 Epilogue • 282 Abbreviations · 287 Notes · 289 Acknowledgments · 355 Index · 359 the black hearts of men Introductionthe black hearts of men Introduction A The white man’s unadmitted—and apparently, to him, unspeakable— private fears and longings are projected onto the Negro.
    [Show full text]
  • The Early Abolitionists of Lancaster County
    The Early Abolitionists of Lancaster County, In giving a history of the Abolition movement in Lancaster county,or else- where, the question seems first to arise, what is specially meant by the term "Abolitionist." The indiscrimin- ate manner in which it was used sixty years ago against every person who in any manner sympathized with the anti- slavery movement leaves me some- what in doubt as to what phase of the subject I am supposed to treat, In fact, I am reminded very much of a speech I heard made by Thaddeus Ste- vens when yet a small boy. It was in the Congressional campaign of 1858, when Mr. Stevens was a candidate for Congress from this district. The per- oration of his speech was substantially as follows. I quote from memory: "But in answer to all this I hear one reply, namely, Stevens is an Abolition- ist. The indiscriminate manner with which the term is used, I am frank to confess, leaves me somewhat in doubt as to what is meant by it. But the venom and spleen with which it is hurled at some of us would indicate, at least, that it is a term of reproach and used only against monsters and outlaws of society. If it is meant by an Abolitionist that I am one of those terrible, heinous-looking animals with cloven hoofs and horns, such as is de- scribed in. legend and fiction, and in Milton's "Paradise Lost," I am not very handsome, to be sure, but I don't think I am one of those.
    [Show full text]