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ANATOMY of a DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION by Shiva Hari Dahal A
STATEBUILDING AND PEACEBUILDING IN NEPAL, 1990-2012: ANATOMY OF A DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION by Shiva Hari Dahal A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Conflict Analysis and Resolution Committee: ___________________________________________ Chair of Committee ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Graduate Program Director ___________________________________________ Dean, School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution Date: _____________________________________ Fall Semester 2013 George Mason University Fairfax, VA Statebuilding and Peacebuilding in Nepal, 1990-2012: Anatomy of a Democratic Transition A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at George Mason University By Shiva Hari Dahal Master of Arts University of Notre Dame, 1999 Bachelor of Arts Tribhuvan University, 1989 Director: Professor Dennis Sandole School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution Fall Semester 2013 George Mason University Fairfax, VA Copyright © 2013 Shiva Hari Dahal All Rights Reserved ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to kindly acknowledge the help and generous support of the people and institutions around me who have encouraged me to complete this doctoral dissertation and without whose support, the writing of this dissertation would not have been possible. I am grateful to give a particular mention -
2.Hindu Websites Sorted Category Wise
Hindu Websites sorted Category wise Sl. No. Broad catergory Website Address Description Reference Country 1 Archaelogy http://aryaculture.tripod.com/vedicdharma/id10. India's Cultural Link with Ancient Mexico html America 2 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harappa Harappa Civilisation India 3 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civil Indus Valley Civilisation India ization 4 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiradu_temples Kiradu Barmer Temples India 5 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo_Daro Mohenjo_Daro Civilisation India 6 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalanda Nalanda University India 7 Archaelogy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxila Takshashila University Pakistan 8 Archaelogy http://selians.blogspot.in/2010/01/ganesha- Ganesha, ‘lingga yoni’ found at newly Indonesia lingga-yoni-found-at-newly.html discovered site 9 Archaelogy http://vedicarcheologicaldiscoveries.wordpress.c Ancient Idol of Lord Vishnu found Russia om/2012/05/27/ancient-idol-of-lord-vishnu- during excavation in an old village in found-during-excavation-in-an-old-village-in- Russia’s Volga Region russias-volga-region/ 10 Archaelogy http://vedicarcheologicaldiscoveries.wordpress.c Mahendraparvata, 1,200-Year-Old Cambodia om/2013/06/15/mahendraparvata-1200-year- Lost Medieval City In Cambodia, old-lost-medieval-city-in-cambodia-unearthed- Unearthed By Archaeologists 11 Archaelogy http://wikimapia.org/7359843/Takshashila- Takshashila University Pakistan Taxila 12 Archaelogy http://www.agamahindu.com/vietnam-hindu- Vietnam -
Caste, Kinship and Sex Ratios in India
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CASTE, KINSHIP AND SEX RATIOS IN INDIA Tanika Chakraborty Sukkoo Kim Working Paper 13828 http://www.nber.org/papers/w13828 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 March 2008 We thank Bob Pollak, Karen Norberg, David Rudner and seminar participants at the Work, Family and Public Policy workshop at Washington University for helpful comments and discussions. We also thank Lauren Matsunaga and Michael Scarpati for research assistance and Cassie Adcock and the staff of the South Asia Library at the University of Chicago for their generous assistance in data collection. We are also grateful to the Weidenbaum Center and Washington University (Faculty Research Grant) for research support. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2008 by Tanika Chakraborty and Sukkoo Kim. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Caste, Kinship and Sex Ratios in India Tanika Chakraborty and Sukkoo Kim NBER Working Paper No. 13828 March 2008 JEL No. J12,N35,O17 ABSTRACT This paper explores the relationship between kinship institutions and sex ratios in India at the turn of the twentieth century. Since kinship rules varied by caste, language, religion and region, we construct sex-ratios by these categories at the district-level using data from the 1901 Census of India for Punjab (North), Bengal (East) and Madras (South). -
Infusedinfused
fdh l’ldddbl l InfusedInfused NEPAL’SEthnicitiesEthnicities Interlaced AND Indivisible Gauri Nath Rimal SOCIAL MOSAIC End poverty. Together. Infused Ethnicities NEPAL’S Interlaced AND Indivisible SOCIAL MOSAIC Copyright: © 2007 Gauri Nath Rimal and Institute for Social and Environmental Transition-Nepal (ISET-N) The material in this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit uses, without prior written permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The author would appreciate receiving a copy of any product which uses this publication as a source. This book has received partial funding support from Actionaid Nepal for printing. Citation: Rimal, G.N., 2007: Infused Ethnicities: Nepal’s Interlaced and Indivisible Social Mosaic, Institute for Social and Environmental Transition-Nepal, Kathmandu. ISBN: 978-99946-2-577-2 Printed by: Digiscan, June 2007, Kathmandu Nepal Price: NRs. 600/- Content Foreword iv Preface v Proposal for a Federated Nepal 1 The Context 8 About Maps 9 The Issue of Representation 42 The Larger Picture, the Future 49 Annexes 51-64 Annex 1 52 Annex 2 54 Annex 3 55 Annex 4 56 Annex 5 57 Annex 6 58 Annex 6 (Continued) 59 Annex 7A 60 Annex 7B 61 Annex 8 62 Annex 9 62 Annex 10 63 Annex 11 64 Bibliography 67 Acknowledgement 72 Foreword Through a process of political and administrative devolution Nepal is moving ahead to create a participatory, inclusive, egalitarian society with good governance and rule of law. Many ethnic groups with various cultural, linguistics and religious background live in the country’s plains, valleys, hills and mountains. -
2021 Daily Prayer Guide for All People Groups & Unreached People
2021 Daily Prayer Guide for all People Groups & Unreached People Groups = LR-UPGs = of South Asia Joshua Project data, www.joshuaproject.net (India DPG is separate) AGWM Western edition I give credit & thanks to Create International for permission to use their PG photos. 2021 Daily Prayer Guide for all People Groups & LR-UPGs = Least-Reached-Unreached People Groups of South Asia = this DPG SOUTH ASIA SUMMARY: 873 total People Groups; 733 UPGs The 6 countries of South Asia (India; Bangladesh; Nepal; Sri Lanka; Bhutan; Maldives) has 3,178 UPGs = 42.89% of the world's total UPGs! We must pray and reach them! India: 2,717 total PG; 2,445 UPGs; (India is reported in separate Daily Prayer Guide) Bangladesh: 331 total PG; 299 UPGs; Nepal: 285 total PG; 275 UPG Sri Lanka: 174 total PG; 79 UPGs; Bhutan: 76 total PG; 73 UPGs; Maldives: 7 total PG; 7 UPGs. Downloaded from www.joshuaproject.net in September 2020 LR-UPG definition: 2% or less Evangelical & 5% or less Christian Frontier (FR) definition: 0% to 0.1% Christian Why pray--God loves lost: world UPGs = 7,407; Frontier = 5,042. Color code: green = begin new area; blue = begin new country "Prayer is not the only thing we can can do, but it is the most important thing we can do!" Luke 10:2, Jesus told them, "The harvest is plentiful, but the workers are few. Ask the Lord of the harvest, therefore, to send out workers into his harvest field." Why Should We Pray For Unreached People Groups? * Missions & salvation of all people is God's plan, God's will, God's heart, God's dream, Gen. -
2021 Daily Prayer Calendar
2021 Daily Prayer Calendar of world's largest Unreached People Groups AGWM Western edition 2021 Daily Prayer Calendar of world's largest Unreached People Groups Joshua Project data downloaded October 2020 = www.joshuaproject.net LR-UPG definition: less than 2% Evangelical & less than 5% Christian; world UPG = 7,407 Frontier (FR) definition: 0% to 0.1% Christian; world Frontier = 5,042 (2-2021) 2021 = 1 PG photo = date (no PG photo avail. = country flag) Explanation Bangladesh = country of Shaikh = people group name 135,226,000 = people group population daily Bengali = main language data: Islam = main religion LR-UPG or Frontier = Least-Reached-Unreached People Group Let's dream God's dreams & fulfill God's visions -- God dreams of all people groups knowing & loving Him! * * * Revelation 7:9, "After this I looked and there before me was a great multitude that no one could count, from every nation, tribe, people and language, standing before the throne and in front of the Lamb." Why Should We Pray For Unreached People Groups? * Missions & salvation of all people is God's plan, God's will, God's heart, God's dream, Gen. 3:15! * In the Great Commissions Jesus commands us to reach all peoples in the world, Matt. 28:19-20! * People without Jesus are eternally lost, & Jesus is the only One who can save them, John 14:6! * We have been given "the ministry & message of reconciliation", in Christ, 2 Cor. 5:18-20! * Jesus’ return is intimately tied to reaching all people groups, Matt. 24:14; Rev. 7:9! * Jesus commanded us to pray to Him to send workers -
The Merchant Castes of a Small Town in Rajasthan
THE MERCHANT CASTES OF A SMALL TOWN IN RAJASTHAN (a study of business organisation and ideology) CHRISTINE MARGARET COTTAM A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. at the Department of Anthropology and Soci ology, School of Oriental and African Studies, London University. ProQuest Number: 10672862 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672862 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 2 ABSTRACT Certain recent studies of South Asian entrepreneurial acti vity have suggested that customary social and cultural const raints have prevented positive response to economic develop ment programmes. Constraints including the conservative mentality of the traditional merchant castes, over-attention to custom, ritual and status and the prevalence of the joint family in management structures have been regarded as the main inhibitors of rational economic behaviour, leading to the conclusion that externally-directed development pro grammes cannot be successful without changes in ideology and behaviour. A focus upon the indigenous concepts of the traditional merchant castes of a market town in Rajasthan and their role in organising business behaviour, suggests that the social and cultural factors inhibiting positivejto a presen ted economic opportunity, stimulated in part by external, public sector agencies, are conversely responsible for the dynamism of private enterprise which attracted the attention of the concerned authorities. -
FROM the HAIR of SHIVA to the HAIR of the PROPHET … and Other Essays
FROM THE HAIR OF SHIVA TO THE HAIR OF THE PROPHET … and other essays SAUVIK CHAKRAVERTI The soft parade has now begun, Listen to the engines hum, People out to have some fun, Cobra on my left, Leopard on my right! JIM MORRISON The Doors 2 DEDICATION To travel and travelers. And to the fond hope that, someday soon, travel in my great country will be safe, comfortable and swift. May Shubh Laabh and Shubh Yatra go together. Bon Voyage! 3 FOREWORD I am a firm believer in the social utility of enjoyable politico-economic journalism. Economists like Frederic Bastiat and Henry Hazlitt have set alight the minds of millions with the fire of freedom, not by writing dissertations, but by reaching out to lay people through jouernalism. These include dentists, engineers, architects and various other professionals who really need to know political economy in order to vote correctly, but have never had the opportunity to study it formally; or rather, in school, they have been MISTAUGHT! They are thus easily led astray by economic sophisms that justify protectionism and other damaging forms of state interference in economic life. It is for such people that I have penned this volume and I offer it to the general reading public so that they may not only enjoy the read but also appreciate the importance of Freedom: Freedom From The State. In this I have attempted to be extremely simple in my arguments – there are no ‘theories’ presented. There are also a series of travelogues which explain reality on the ground as we see it, and contrast East and West. -
Halwai People of Nepal by Kara Strange
Halwai People of Nepal By Kara Strange https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/16905/NP Introduction/History The Halwai people group, also known as the Palma Halwais or Rajkarnikar, are part of a Newar clan and were the original inhabitants of the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. They are an unreached and unengaged group, with about 81,000 people. The traditional occupation of the Halwai people is making candy and sweets, known as "mithai." 1 The Halwai people are typically well respected socially because of their services to the community and the ritualistic importance of these actions. The Halwai play a key role in celebrations such as marriages and childbirths because of the importance that sweets have for these festivals.2 1 “Rajkarnikar.” Wikipedia. August 30, 2014. Accessed March 1, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajkarmikar. 2 Russell, Robert V. The tribes and castes of the central provinces of India, volume III of IV. Vol. III. United States: The library of Alexandria. Accessed February 28, 2107. The primary language of the Halwai people group in Nepal is Maithili. If they can read Nepali or Hindi they can usually also read Maithili. 3 Where are they located? The Halwai people are located in parts of southern Nepal as well as the Kathmandu Valley and its surrounding cities, Patan and Bhaktapur. Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, is the largest city in Nepal and provides many resources for the Halwai people. It is home to several major pilgrimage sites for some of the world's religions, such as Hinduism and Buddhism.4 A large number of Halwai also live in India. -
Social Demography of Nepal
Social Demography of Nepal Social Demography of Nepal CENSUS 2001 Harka Gurung First published, 2003 Second printing, 2005 © Harka Gurung ISBN 99933 43 55 2 Himal Books PO Box 166, Patan Dhoka, Lalitpur, Nepal Tel: +977-1-5542544/5548142 • Fax: +977-1-5541196 email: [email protected] www.himalassociation.org/books (Himal Books is the publishing wing of the not-for-profit Himal Association.) Printed in Nepal CONTENTS PUBLISHER’S NOTE vii I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. CASTE AND ETHNIC GROUPS 3 III. LINGUISTIC GROUPS 11 IV. CASTE/ETHNICITY AND LANGUAGE 15 V. RELIGIOUS GROUPS 19 VI. CASTE/ETHNICITY AND RELIGION 22 VII. LITERACY LEVEL 26 VIII. JANAJATI AND DALIT SCHEDULES 28 IX. OVERVIEW 34 SELECT REFERENCES 59 Tables 1. Number of caste/ethnic groups 4 2. Population cohort of caste/ethnic groups 4 3. Most numerous caste/ethnic groups 5 4. Population change by native area, 1991-2001 6 5. Population change by social group 8 6. Population cohort by mother tongue 12 7. Large populations in terms of mother tongue 13 8. Population increase by language family 14 9. Trend in mother-tongue retention, 1991-2001 16 10. Population by religion 20 11. Population difference between ethnicity and religion 23 12. Literacy cohort by caste/ethnicity 27 13. Janajati schedule 29 14. Schedule of Dalit castes 32 15. Dalit population, 2001 33 vi Figures 1. Caste/ethnic groups 9 2. Population increase by native area, 1991-2001 9 3. Population increase by social group, 1991-2001 10 4. Social composition by geographic origin, 2001 10 5. Caste/ethnic composition, 2001 10 6. -
Allahabad Dealers Of
Dealers of Allahabad Sl.No TIN NO. UPTTNO FIRM - NAME FIRM-ADDRESS 1 09112700012 AD0028383 ALLAHABAD SAINT PAL SOCIETY 28 CHAITHAM LINES ALLAHABAD 2 09112700026 AD0069203 RANG MAHAL 478 KATRA ALLAHABAD 3 09112700031 AD0070803 R.K.ELECTRONICES 32 MONARCO ALLAHABAD 4 09112700045 AD0076384 AMAR MUDRALAY 742 OLD KATRA ALLAHABAD 5 09112700050 AD0077576 UNIVERSAL FOOTWEAR COLONELGANJ ALLAHABAD 6 09112700059 AD0082441 MARWARI STORE 479 KATRA ALLAHABAD 7 09112700064 AD0089747 U.P.STATE BRIDGE CORP.LTD. 26,KASTURBA GANDHI MARG ALLAHABAD 8 09112700078 AD0093128 HIMANCHAL PRAKASHAN 42 BALRAMPUR HOUSE ALLAHABAD 9 09112700083 AD0096956 MILESTONE TYRES P.LTD. 8/63 MASTER ZAHRUL HASAN ROAD KATRA 10 09112700097 AD0102697 UMRAI DEVI A-40 ALNELGANJ ALLAHABAD 11 09112700106 AD0089177 KRISHNA CYCLE HOUSE 349 KATRA ALLAHABAD 12 09112700111 AD0110277 VINAY KUMAR VIJAY KUMAR MAUAIMA SORAON ALLAHABAD 13 09112700125 AD0117875 PRAKASH STORES 607 COLONELGANJ ALLAHABAD 14 09112700130 AD0118032 KRIPA SHANKER GAYATRI PRASAD LAL GOPALGANJ SORAON ALLAHABAD 15 09112700139 AD0126546 SINGH COAL TRADERS 170/3/4 COLONELGANJ ALLAHABAD 16 09112700144 AD0012926 SAHU CYCLE CO. PHAPHAMAU ALLAHANAD 17 09112700163 AD0134430 YADAU BRICK FIELD SORAV PHAPHAMAU ALLAHABAD 18 09112700177 AD0136875 MAUAIMA MACHINERY STORE MAUAIMA SORAON ALLAHABAD 19 09112700182 AD0130279 SHARDA GENERAL STORE SORAV PHAPHAMAU ALLAHABAD 20 09112700196 AD0145142 AJAY COLD STORAGE & ICE FACTORY 363\2 GADDHOPUR ALLAHABAD 21 09112700205 AD0144480 SATEESH KUMAR 263 KATRA ALLAHABAD 22 09112700210 AD0145595 SILVER VING ENTERPRISES 16 B.K. BANARJEE MARG ALLAHABAD 23 09112700219 AD0147563 FAROOQ ENTERPRISES SHIVGARH SORAON ALLAHABAD 24 09112700224 AD0162643 MANEESH ENTERPRISES 141-B/1 CHADPUR SALORI ALLAHABAD 25 09112700238 AD0165888 RAMA SHOE CO. 218 KATRA ALLAHABAD 26 09112700243 AD0171185 CHHEDI LAL 84-C RASOOLABAD ALLAHABAD 27 09112700257 AD0164418 CHANDRA ENTERPRISES 6 M.I.G. -
Mathura Dealers Of
Dealers of Mathura Sl.No TIN NO. UPTTNO FIRM - NAME FIRM-ADDRESS 1 09127100009 MT0005223 DARSHAN LAL COAL DEPOT DYMPEAR NAGAR MTR. 2 09127100014 MT0019557 AUTO TRADERS RLY ROAD MTR. 3 09127100028 MT0007062 BHAGWAT PRINTING PRESS GHEYA MANDI MTR. 4 09127100033 MT0030050 HIND MEDICOS HAL CHOWK BAZAR MATHURA 5 09127100047 MT0038839 BHAGWAN DAS GOVIND PRASAD BHARGAV GALI GHEYA MANDI MATHURA 6 09127100052 MT0042409 SURESH CHAND AGARWAL SARAFFA CHOWK BAZAR MATHURA 7 09127100066 MT0050772 JAU KISHAN MACHINERY STORES BHUTESWAR ROAD MTR. 8 09127100071 MT0015677 AGRAWAL RADIO CORP MANDIRAMDAS MTR 9 09127100085 MT0055823 VIJAY PRINTING PRESS RAM GANJ MATHURA 10 09127100090 MT0060045 MAHESWARI GILT ORNAMENT MANDI RAM DAS MTR. 11 09127100099 MT0073340 DISEL INDIA CHUKI BAG BAHADUR MATHURA 12 09127100108 MT0071234 VIMAL COPY HOUSE BRIJ NAGAR MTR. 13 09127100113 MT0074568 RAMAYAN PRESS VENDRABAN GATE MATHURA 14 09127100127 MT0076245 JAIN LEBROTRIES JAIN MARKET GHEYA MANDI MTR. 15 09127100132 MT0080524 NAND KISHOR MUKUT WALA LOI BAZAR VENDRABAN MATHURA 16 09127100146 MT0084447 VIKASH JEWLLERS MANDI RAM DAS MTR. 17 09127100151 MT0088870 CHANDRA AUTOMOBILES STATION ROAD MATHURA 18 09127100165 MT0083543 PREM CHAND & BROTHERS VENDRABAN GATE MTR. 19 09127100170 MT0090078 D.K.GUPTA & BROTHERS SADAR BAZAR MTR. 20 09127100179 MT0100732 BHUTESWAR TAXTILES GHEYA MANDI MATHURA 21 09127100184 MT0124617 S.S.MILL & STORE DYMPER NAGAR MTR. 22 09127100198 MT0040418 AJAY AUTO METIC PRINTING WORKS MANDI RAM DAS MATHURA 23 09127100207 MT0102344 DAYAL METAL PRODUCTS PVT.LTD. C-39 IND.ARYA MATHURA 24 09127100212 MT0108786 MAHENDER SINGH & SONS GAUGHAT MTR. 25 09127100226 MT0104842 PRINCE AGRICUL.EMPIMENTS IND.ARYA MATHURA 26 09127100231 MT0105363 KISHORI PRINTERS IND.ARYA MATHURA 27 09127100245 MT0105454 B.S.& COMP.