INDEX 274 © in This Web Service Cambridge

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86125-0 - The Cambridge Companion to Machiavelli Edited by John M. Najemy Index More information

INDEX

(Machiavelli’s writings are listed individually under their titles as translated into English)

Accademia Olimpica (Vicenza), 206 Aristotle, 16, 68, 73, 82, 98, 147–8, 152, Acciaiuoli, Agnolo, 140 163–4, 173, 174–5, 179, 192, 209, 230, Acciaiuoli, Alamanno, 133 239, 244, 249 Acciaiuoli, Donato, 130 Aron, Raymond, 261, 269 Achaeans, 82 Art of War, 9–10, 24–5, 69, 70–1, 72, 75, 112, Achilles, 84 114, 139, 176–7 Adams, John, 266–7 analysis of, 121–6 Adriani, Marcello di Virgilio, 160–2, 164, Ascoli, Albert, 235 166, 174 Asino, 20, 25, 163, 166–7, 168, 193–4, 206 Aeneas, 81, 84–93 analysis of, 198–204 Aetolians, 82 Athens, 80, 147 Agathocles, 185 Augustine, 103, 148, 152–3, 214 Agesilaus, king of Sparta, 176 Augustus, 85, 87, 148–9, 151 Alamanni, Lodovico, 70, 194, 200 Avignon, 145 Alamanni, Luigi, 76, 121, 208 Alberti, Leon Battista, 177 Bacon, Francis, 186, 248–9, 271 Albizzi, Rinaldo degli, 138–9 Baglioni, Giampaolo, of Perugia, 34–5 Alexander VI, Pope, 17, 34, 55, 118, 195, 208 Baraballo, Giacomo, 200 Alexander the Great, 70, 85, 92–3, 176 Baron, Hans, 147, 260 “Ambition,” 11, 21, 44, 196–7, 203, 208 Basle, 241–2 Amboise, Georges d’, 19, 33 Bausi, Francesco, 215 Amelot de la Houssaye, Abraham-Nicolas, Bayle, Pierre, 263, 271 242, 251, 263 Beatrice (Dante’s), 199 American Revolution, 251, 268–70 Beaumont, Charles de, 33 Amphion, 83, 88, 91 Bellacci, Pandolfo, 241 Andria (Machiavelli’s translation of Belo, Francesco, 206 Terence’s), 212 Bembo, Pietro, 198 Apollo, 84, 195, 249 Bentivoglio of Bologna, 35 Appian, 148, 151 Bentivoglio, Ercole, 41 Apuleius, 199–200 Berlin, Isaiah, 147, 153, 260 Arendt, Hannah, 268–9 Bernard, John, 7 Aretino, Pietro, 206 Beza, Theodore, 242, 245 Arezzo, 33, 50, 113, 117 Bibbiena, Bernardo, 206, 208, 213, 215 Ariosto, Lodovico, 194, 198, 200, 202–3, Bible, 8, 167, 213, 250, 271 206–8, 211, 217, 231 Boccaccio, Giovanni, 190, 199, 210, 213–15 Aristophanes, 207 Boccalini, Trajano, 249–50

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Bodin, Jean, 244 Cesena, 34, 184, 209 Bologna, 35 Chabod, Federico, 264–5 Borgia, Cesare, 18–19, 21, 42, 50, 55, 56, 68, chancery of Florence, 16–17, 21, 31–2, 37, 39, 80, 88, 90, 113, 118, 184, 193, 195–6, 48, 58, 114, 157, 160, 164, 174 208–9, 219, 243 Charles V, king of Spain, Holy Roman Machiavelli’s encounters with, 33–4, 37–9 Emperor, 27 Boscoli conspiracy, 22, 67, 208 Charles VIII, king of France, 16, 23, 48, 195 Boscoli, Pietro Paolo, 67, 68 Christianity, 151–3, 161, 240, 247–8, 251, Bossuet, Jacques-Bénigne, 267 252, 266 Botero, Giovanni, 244, 247–8 Machiavelli’s views of, 12–13, 102, 152, Bracciolini, Jacopo, 130 158, 164–8, 239, 267 Bracciolini, Poggio, 121, 130–1 see also Church, religion Brown, Wendy, 224 Church (Roman) and papacy, 12–13, 16, 19, Bruni, Leonardo, 121, 130–1, 133, 147, 33, 37, 82, 132, 145–6, 148–9, 152, 154, 148–9, 151, 154, 174 165, 167, 195, 215, 241, 244–5, 247, Brutus, Lucius Junius, 59, 71, 106–7, 271; see also Christianity, religion 119–20, 214 Cicero, 15–16, 121, 147–9, 173–4, 177, Buonaccorsi, Biagio, 20–1, 58, 65, 241 179–80, 183, 191, 248 Buondelmonti (family), 134 Cincinnatus, 109 Buondelmonti, Zanobi, 69–70, 76, 97, Ciompi, revolt of, 134, 136–7 121, 250 Circe, 198–200, 204 Buoninsegni, Domenico, 133 civic humanism, 103, 110, 147, 270 Burchiello, 199 Clausewitz, Carl von, 125 Burckhardt, Jacob, 80, 252 Clement VII, Pope, 25–6, 27, 70, 74, 76, 133 Burns, James MacGregor, 6 Clizia, 11, 27, 193, 206, 210, 212, 215, 216–19, 233–7 Caesar, Julius, 16, 105, 108, 110, 148–9, 151 Colle Valdelsa, 117 “Cagione dell’Ordinanza,” see “Discourse on Colonna, Fabrizio, 10, 121–5, 176 the Organization of the Florentine State Constant, Benjamin, 267 for Arms” Coriolanus, 104 Calfucci (family), 216 Corneille, Pierre, 206 Calvin, John, 244–5 corruption, 10, 12, 72, 75, 96–102, 104–10, Cambiagi, Gaetano, 263 129, 135, 137, 139, 216, 234 Camillus, Furius, 41, 123 Corsini, Marietta (Machiavelli), 18, 28 Campanella, Tommaso, 244–5 Cortona, 117 Camus, Albert, 93 Court, Johan de la, 250 Cappel, Guillaume, 242 Court, Pieter de la, 250 Capponi, Agostino, 67 Croce, Benedetto, 215, 259, 260, 262, 266 Capponi, Neri, 133, 139–40 Cromwell, Oliver, 250 “Carnival Songs,” 194, 196 Cyrus, 68, 85, 99 Carolingians, 145, 154 Carpi, 1–3, 26, 210 Dacres, Edward, 243–4 Carthage, 85, 90 D’Annunzio, Gabriele, 223, 229–30 Casavecchia, Filippo, 20, 36, 157 Dante, 41, 91, 93, 157, 190–2, 194–5, Casentino, 113 198–200, 202, 208, 214, 216, 218, 231 Cassirer, Ernst, 260–1 Divine Comedy, 41, 91, 174, 191, 194, Castiglione, Baldassare, 177–8, 182, 183 199, 216 Catarino, Ambrogio, 244 D’Auvergne, Gaspard, 242 Catiline, 149 Dazzi, Andrea, 208 Cato the Younger, 149 De Sanctis, Francesco, 258, 261 Cavalcanti, Giovanni, 133, 138 Decennale I, 17, 21, 41–2, 50, 54, 64–5, Cecchi, Giovan Maria, 206 113, 128, 194–6, 197–8, 198–9, Cerretani, Bartolomeo, 54, 55–6, 57, 68 200, 208

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Decennale II, 21, 41, 194–5, 197–8, 198–9, Dominic, Saint, 167 200, 206 Dunn, Susan, 6 Del Nero, Bernardo, 74 Dutch Republic, 154, 249, 250 Del Nero, Francesco, 70, 163 Della Casa, Francesco, 55 Eight of Ward (Otto di Guardia), 57, 58 Della Palla, Battista, 70, 72, 121 Eighty, Council of (1494–1512), 49, 51–2, 57 Della Rovere, Cardinal Giuliano, 34; see also Eisenhower, Dwight, 271 Julius II empire and expansion, 8, 102, 104, 120, 252 Della Rovere, Francesco Maria, 69 in ancient/Renaissance political thought, Demosthenes, 173 148–54 “Description of the method used by Duke Machiavelli’s views on Roman expansion, Valentino,” 21, 39, 208 107, 109–10, 119 Dialogue Concerning Our Language, England and the English, 145, 240–5, 248–9, 194, 208 250, 260, 263, 269 Diderot, Denis, 266 Enlightenment, 152, 154 Dido, 85, 89–90, 92 Epicureans, 164, 165 Dio Cassius, 242 Este, dukes of Ferrara, 203 Dionisotti, Carlo, 215–16 Etruscans, 154 diplomatic missions (legations), Machiavelli’s, “Exhortation to Penitence,” 164 32, 33–7, 55–6 Discourse on Florentine Affairs after the Fabius the Temporizer, 153 Death of the Younger Lorenzo, 57, 60, Faenza, 216 68, 73–4, 76, 132–3, 263, 266 Falconetti, Jacopo, 216 “Discourse on peace between the emperor and Favola (Belfagor arcidiavolo), 209 the king,” 40 Ferdinand of Aragon, king of Spain, 23, 43, “Discourse on Pisa,” 39 67–8, 80, 121 “Discourse on the mounted militia,” 40 Ferrante, king of Naples, 16, 141 “Discourse on the organization of the Ferrara, 36 Florentine State for arms” (also known as Ferrari, Giuseppe, 264–5 “La cagione dell’Ordinanza [The reason Fichte, Johan Gottlieb, 259–60 for the militia]),” 21, 39–40, 57, 114–17, Fifth Lateran Council, 164 124 Florentine Histories, 1, 3, 12, 16, 69, 72, 73, Discourses on Livy, 3, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 123, 128, 129, 132, 133, 153, 163, 167, 24–5, 41, 42, 43–4, 48, 53, 68–9, 112, 229, 234, 251, 264, 266–7 114, 122, 125, 131–2, 135, 141, 158, analysis of Medici in, 74–6, 137–42 159, 161, 163–4, 165–7, 181–2, 183–4, civil conflicts in, 134–7 186, 190, 196, 198, 200–1, 212, 216, humanist predecessors, 130–2 226–9, 234, 239–41, 250–2, 256, 258, sources, 133–4 260, 266, 270 Folchi, Giovanni, 67, 68 arms and military organization in, Forlì, 33, 87, 229 119–20 fortune (fortuna), Fortune, 41, 81, 89, 93, 96, early modern editions of and commentary 99, 138, 141, 182, 203, 209, 241, on, 242–4 246–8, 252 Florence’s history analyzed in, 59–60, Cesare Borgia defeated by, 38 129–30 as dependence, 98, 99, 118 fortune in, 223–6 and free will, 159, 160–2, 163, 168 Medici in, 71–3, 105 gendered personification of, 20, 83, 151, relationship to The Prince, 68, 96–102, 223–8, 232–4, 236 246–7 in Machiavelli’s poetry, 42–3, 91, 196–7, 200 republics in, 57, 150–5 as unpredictability, instability, 11, 91, 110, Rome and Romans in, 102–3, 107–8, 152, 192–3 109–10, 122–3 “Fortune,” 11, 21, 42–3, 91, 159, 196, 208, social conflicts analyzed in, 102–9, 151 224, 225

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Foucault, Michel, 261 Considerations on the Discourses of France and the French, 19, 21, 33, 34, 36–7, Machiavelli, 103, 241 43, 51, 53, 55–6, 58–9, 69, 71, 80, 90, Dialogue on the Government of Florence, 118, 145, 147, 154, 195, 250 73–4, 121 1494 invasion of Italy by, 16, 48, 65, 91, History of Florence, 114 113, 142, 160, 192, 195, 216–17 “On the government of Florence after the Machiavelli’s views on, 40 restoration of the Medici in 1512,” 73 Franceschi, Raffaele, 163 Ricordi, 241 Francis I, king of France, 27 Guicciardini, Luigi, 44, 165, 210, 230–2 Francis of Assisi, Saint, 27, 167 Guido da Montefeltro, 191 Franciscans, 1–4, 14, 26–7, 210 Guido Juvenalis, 207 Freccero, John, 227, 229–30 Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, duke of Frederick II, king of Prussia, 251 Urbino, 90 French Revolution, 251, 258–9, 261–3, Guinigi, Michele, 72 264–5, 267, 268–70 Freud, Sigmund, 225, 245 Habermas, Jürgen, 270 Frontinus, 71 Hairston, Julia, 229–30 Hankins, James, 147 Galen, 99 Hannibal, 41, 82, 182, 225, 232 Garigliano, battle of, 34 Harrington, James, 250 Gelb, Leslie, 6 Hart, Claudia, 7 Gelli, Giambattista, 207 Harvey, Gabriel, 248–9 Gentili, Alberico, 243–4 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 257–8, Gentillet, Innocent, 245, 248 261–4, 267, 269 Germany, 13, 33, 35–6, 40, 108, 264 Heine, Heinrich, 267 Geta, 191, 211 Herder, Johan Gottfried, 258 Ghibelline party, 134, 145 Herodotus, 229 “Ghiribizzi” (to Giovanbattista Soderini), Hieron of Syracuse, 80 19–20, 41, 42–3, 158–9, 165, 182, Hobbes, Thomas, 152, 250 203, 225 Hohenstaufen emperors, 145 Giannotti, Donato, 25, 137–8 Holland, see Dutch Republic Gilbert, Felix, 260 Holy League, 21, 37, 59 Giovanni di Carlo, 133 Holy Roman Empire, 36, 145–6, 149, 154 Giovio, Paolo, 206–7, 216 Homer, 84, 91, 93, 174, 198, 200 Giraldi Cinzio, 206 Horace, 83 Giunta (1532 editions of Machiavelli’s works), 241 Iacopo d’Appiano, lord of Piombino, Gonzaga, Francesco, marquis of Mantua, 35 33, 34 Gonzalo de Córdoba (Gonsalvo), 43 Imola, 21, 33, 55 Gracchi, 107, 151 Index of Prohibited Books, Papal, 244, 268 Gramsci, Antonio, 229, 230, 257, 261, 263, “Ingratitude,” 11, 21, 43, 196, 203, 208 264–5, 266 Isabella of Castille, 80 grandi, see nobles Grasso, Niccolò, 208 James, duke of Lennox, 243 Great Council (of Florence: 1494–1512), 16, Jesuits, 245, 271 49–54, 56, 57, 58, 60, 64–5, 66–7, Julius II, Pope, 19–20, 21, 34, 35, 36–8, 41, 73–4, 263 56, 58, 66, 82, 158, 182, 226, 228 Greece (ancient), 125, 147, 173, 251 Justin, 70 Guelf party, 134, 145 Guicciardini, Francesco, 1–4, 25–7, 42, 51, Kahn, Victoria, 227 52, 53, 54, 55, 59, 66, 70, 73–4, 76, 103, Kant, Immanuel, 258, 262–3, 267, 270 117, 137, 165, 168, 204, 206, 210, 216, Kautilya (Arthasastra), 259 241, 247 Kojève, Alexandre, 269

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Lacan, Jacques, 269 Marlowe, Christopher, 206, 248 Lanfredini, Lanfredino, 66 Martinez, Ronald, 234–5 Latini, Brunetto, 174 Marx, Karl (and Marxism), 8, 245, 261, 266, League of Cambrai, 36 268–70 Le Roy, Louis, 244 Maximilian I (Holy Roman Emperor), 20, 22, Lefort, Claude, 260–1, 268–9 35–6, 40, 51, 55 legations, see diplomatic missions McCarthy, Joseph, 260 Lenin, Vladimir, 268 Medici (family and regimes), 1, 16, 21, 22, 23, Leo X, Pope, 1, 22, 25, 68–9, 71, 72, 74, 76, 25–6, 27, 32, 37, 42, 44–5, 48–9, 50, 128, 132–3, 168, 191, 195, 210, 263 52–3, 57, 58–9, 61, 64–76, 80–1, 91, Leonardo da Vinci, 56 110, 113, 114, 119–20, 121, 123, 128–9, liberty, 53, 100, 108, 120, 130, 134, 141, 147, 131, 132, 133, 137–42, 146, 160, 168, 148–9, 150–5, 181, 258 176, 191, 192, 195, 198, 202–3, 208, and class conflict, 12, 103–4, 106–7, 129 209, 211, 212, 215, 232, 261, 265 and religion, 102 Alessandro (di Giulio?), 70 undermined by factionalism, 109–10, Catherine, queen of France, 245 128, 135 Clarice (Strozzi), 57, 65–6 Life of Castruccio Castracani, 130, 223, 228 Contessina di Lorenzo (Ridolfi), 65 Lipsius, Justus, 248–9 Cosimo the elder, 71–2, 73, 74–6, 105, 131, Livy, Titus (History of Rome), 15, 16, 41, 71, 138–41, 142, 202, 234 96–7, 100, 106, 129, 130, 150, 157, 166, Giovanni delle Bande Nere, 165, 168 174, 214, 216, 249 Giovanni di Bicci, 138 Lombardy, 37, 108, 121, 145–7 Giovanni, Cardinal, 22, 37, 52, 58, Lord, Carnes, 6 66, 67; see also Leo X Louis XII, king of France, 19, 23, 33, 34, 36–7, Giuliano di Lorenzo, 16, 21–2, 23, 37, 40, 56, 118 64–5, 67–8, 68–9, 194, 203, 208 Lucca, 36, 72, 108, 130 Giuliano di Piero, 72, 141 Lucretia (Roman), 214–16, 233 Giulio, Cardinal, 1, 25, 57, 64, 69–70, 72–4, Lucretius (De rerum natura), 11, 16, 91–2, 93, 76, 128, 133, 141; see also Clement VII 157, 160–3, 165–8, 207, 211, 267 Ippolito di Giuliano, 70 Luther, Martin, 7, 244–5 Lorenzo (“the Magnificent”), 16, 31, 52, Lycurgus, 99 67, 71–2, 73, 74–6, 140, 141–2, 157, Lysander, 3 210, 231–2 Lorenzo the younger (duke of Urbino), 23, Macedonians (ancient), 125 64, 68–71, 72–3, 80, 124, 128, 132, 168, Machiavelli, Bartolomea di Niccolò, 18, 28 184–6, 195, 197, 215, 227, 232 Machiavelli, Bernardo (Niccolò Machiavelli’s Lucrezia di Lorenzo (Salviati), 65, 70 father), 14, 15, 16, 18, 31, 64, 157, Piero di Cosimo, 140–1 160, 164 Piero di Lorenzo, 16, 31, 48, 52, 65, Machiavelli, Bernardo di Niccolò, 18 74, 142 Machiavelli, Girolamo, 32 Salvestro, 136 Machiavelli, Guido di Niccolò, 18, 28, 168, 194 Medusa, 227, 229 Machiavelli, Ludovico di Niccolò, 18 Meinecke, Friedrich, 252, 261–2 Machiavelli, Piero di Niccolò, 18, 28 “Memoir to the Mediceans” (“Ricordo ai Machiavelli, Totto di Bernardo, 67, 163–4 Palleschi”), 44–5, 74 Machiavelli, Totto di Niccolò, 28 Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 270 Madeleine de la Tour d’Auvergne, 215 Michelangelo Buonarroti, 56 Madison, James, 252 Michele di Lando, 137 Mandragola, 1, 5, 11, 24, 27, 72, 193, 201, Miguel de Corella (don Michele di Coriglia), 206–7, 209, 210, 211–18, 232–3 56–7, 113 Manlius Torquatus, 123 Milan (city and duchy), 34, 68, 87, 131, 147 Mantua, 36 militia (Florence’s Ordinanza), 19, 20, 21, 27, Marius, 108, 110 32, 35, 36, 37, 39–40, 42, 45, 51, 54, 55,

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56–7, 69, 71, 76, 88, 100, 112–25, 155, Padoan, Giorgio, 216 157, 266 Padua, University of, 159 Mill, John Stuart, 258 Palmieri, Matteo, 121 Milton, John, 250 papacy, see Church Minerbetti (pseudo-) chronicler, 133 Parel, Anthony, 227 Modena, 1–2, 26, 69, 70 Parenti, Piero, 31 Montesquieu, 154, 251 Pareto, Vilfredo, 265–6, 267 morality, 153, 192, 249 Parma, 69 and Machiavelli’s later reputation, 243–8, Patericke, Simon, 245 251, 259, 262 Pazzi conspiracy, 16, 72, 75, 139, 141–2 politics and, 10–11, 37, 42, 101, 168–9 Pazzi, Jacopo, 141 and rhetoric, 178–81 Peace of Lodi, 131 and Roman pietas, 86 Perna, Pietro, 242 in The Prince, 185–6 Perugia, 19, 35, 41, 158 Mosca, Gaetano, 265–6 Petrarch, 9, 22, 86, 157, 190–2, 195–6, 198–9 Moses, 17, 68, 99 Petrucci, Pandolfo, lord of Siena, 34, 35, 37 Mugello, 113 Philip the Fair, king of France, 145 Muses, 195, 198 Piacenza, 69 Pierpont, Claudia Roth, 7 Naples (city and kingdom), 66, 68, 75, 108, Piombino, 36, 114 145, 147, 216 Pisa, 20, 33, 34–5, 36, 37, 50, 51, 53, 56, 65, Napoleon Bonaparte, 154, 259 113, 114, 157, 195 Nardi, Jacopo, 208, 213, 215 University of, 163–4 Nedham, Marchamont, 250 Pistoia, 33, 50, 113, 117 Nelli, Bartolomea (Machiavelli), 18 Pitkin, Hanna, 224, 227, 232 Nerli, Filippo de’, 70, 71, 97 Pitt, William, 262 Neroni, Dietisalvi, 140 Pitti, Luca, 140 Neville, Henry, 250 Pius III, Pope, 34 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 225, 259–60 Plato, 16, 28, 98, 121, 161 Nifo, Agostino, 241 Plautus, 16, 207, 211, 214, 216, 218–19, 233 Nikias, 215 Plutarch, 3, 16, 21, 28, 148, 200, 229 nobles (grandi, ottimati), 15, 32, 35, 73–4, 269 Pocock, J. G. A., 260, 268–9 Florentine, in the 1494–1512 republic, 20, Pole, Reginald, 244–5 35, 49–58 Poliziano, Angelo, 160, 197, 200, 207 Machiavelli’s analysis of, 102–10, 120, Polybius, 16, 69, 71, 73, 81–2, 98, 148, 157, 128–9, 131, 134–6, 138, 141 166, 211 Numa Pompilius, 99–100, 224 Pompey, 151 Pomponazzi, Pietro, 163 Odysseus, 84, 198–200 popolo (people, plebs), 49–50, 53, 58, 73, 75, Oliverotto da Fermo, 87, 118 100, 102–10, 128–9, 131, 134–6, 138, “On the method of dealing with the rebels of 141, 269 the Valdichiana,” 39, 41, 55 “Portrait of French Affairs,” 40 “Opportunity,” 21, 208 “Portrait of German Affairs,” 39, 40 ordini/straordinari, 12, 88, 96, 100–2, 105, Possevino, Antonio, 242, 245 106–7, 110, 129, 132, 138, 218–19, Prato, sack of, 21, 37, 59, 114, 117 234–5 Prince, The, 5, 6, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, Orsini, 118 22–3, 33, 34, 36, 37–8, 40, 41, 42–3, 44, Orti Oricellari, 10, 24, 25, 69, 70, 71, 72, 97, 45, 48, 64, 67, 69, 74, 80–93, 102–3, 110, 121, 128, 130, 207–8, 212, 250 112, 122–3, 125, 128–9, 144, 146, 150, Osorio, Jeronimo, 247 157, 159, 162, 163, 166, 168, 173, 177–87, Otranto, 75 190–3, 195, 196, 197–8, 200–2, 208–9, ottimati, see nobles 215, 223, 224, 225–8, 230, 232, 233, 236, Ovid, 16, 157, 191, 197 239–46, 250, 259–61, 263, 264–6

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Prince, The (cont.) Rome (ancient) and Romans, 5, 9–10, 12, 25, arms and military advice in, 117–18 41, 71, 73, 81, 82, 85–7, 89, 90, 92, 96–7, early editions of and commentary on, 241–6 99–100, 102–10, 119, 120, 121–2, its political objectives, 68–9 129–32, 135, 147–54, 166, 167, 173, morality and politics in, 178–83, 185–7 183, 214, 216, 217, 224, 233, 240–1, its relationship to the Discourses, 68, 243, 251, 261 97–101, 246–7 Roman republic, 103–4, 107–8, 109–10, and Virgil’s Aeneid, 84–7, 89–90, 92 122–3, 150–1 “prison” sonnets, 22, 67 Rome (modern), 108, 241 Publilius Philo, 109 Rome, sack of, 27 Romulus, 85, 87, 99–100, 119 Quarantia (Florentine court), 54, 57 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 251 Quintilian, 173, 175–6, 179, 182–3 Rubin, Harriet, 7 Quintus Curtius Rufus, 70 Rucellai (family), 9–10, 24 Bernardo, 10, 52 Raimondi, Ezio, 91–2 Cosimo, 10, 24, 69–70, 97, 121, 123–4 Raleigh, Walter, 248–9 gardens, see Orti Oricellari Ramiro de Lorqua, 34, 184, 193, 209 Ruggiero, Guido, 230 Ravenna, battle of, 37 Russo, Luigi, 215–16 Rawls, John, 270 Ruzzante, 206 “Reason for the militia,” see “Discourse on the organization of the Florentine State for Sabine women, 214 arms” Sallust, 16, 130, 148–51, 153, 174 Reformation (Protestant), 152, 245 Salutati, Barbera, 27, 194, 218 Reggio (Emilia), 1, 69, 70 Salutati, Coluccio, 174, 214 Regnum italicum, 145–6, 148–50, 154 Salviati (family and faction), 52, 58, 70, 72, 73 religion, 2–3, 12–13, 27, 39–40, 42, 86, 99, Alamanno, 41–2, 51, 65–7, 70, 195 102, 116, 118, 150, 152, 154, 157–8, Caterina (Tornabuoni), 65 161, 162–3, 164–9, 176–7, 224, 240, Cornelia (Ridolfi), 65 245, 246–8, 250, 251, 261, 267–8; see Giovanni, Cardinal, 70, 76 also Christianity, Church Jacopo, 65, 66–7, 70–1, 74, 76 “Report on German Affairs,” 40 Maria (Guicciardini), 70 republics and republicanism, 99–100, 101, Sangallo, Bastiano da, 216 112, 129, 131–3, 138, 144–55, 216, San Gimignano, 117 250–2, 260, 263 Sannazaro, Jacopo, 200 Machiavelli’s views on, 57, 60, 68, 73–4, Sansepolcro, 117 76, 98, 102–10, 115–20 Santa Croce, church of, 14, 164 see also Rome (ancient) and Romans Santi, Sigismondo, 3 rhetoric, 130, 148, 173–87, 239–41, 246–8 Santissima Annunziata, church of, 65 Rhetoric to Herennius (formerly attributed to Sasso, Gennaro, 69, 158, 159, 163 Cicero), 179–81 Savonarola, Girolamo, 13, 16–17, 31–2, 42, Riario, Girolamo, 229 48–9, 50, 54, 86, 116, 117–18, 119, 161, Riario, Ottaviano, 33 166, 167, 195, 224 Ribadeneyra, Pedro de, 245 followers of, 49, 50, 51, 54, 104 Ricardo, David, 269 Scala, Bartolomeo, 15, 16, 64, 160–1, 164 Ricci, Giuliano de’, 14, 18, 207 Schiesari, Juliana, 231–2 Ridolfi, Giovanbattista, 52, 65, 66 Schmitt, Carl, 267 Ridolfi, Piero, 65 Scipio, 41, 153, 168, 182, 225, 232 Robert, king of Naples, 135 Segni, Bernardo, 244 Robertet, Florimond, 40 Seneca, 16 Robespierre, Maximilien, 251, 262–3, Senigallia, 34 267–70 Septimius Severus, 184 Romagna, 33, 35, 36, 76, 108, 118, 184 “Serenata,” 194, 197

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Seventy, council of (Medicean), 49 Tornabuoni, Lorenzo, 65 Sforza, Caterina, 33, 87, 227–30, 233–4 Trajan, 151 Sforza, dukes of Milan, 87 Treitschke, Heinrich von, 259, 262 Shakespeare, William, 206, 231, 246 Tribunes of the plebs (Roman), 103–5, 120 Sidney, Algernon, 250 Troy and Trojans, 85, 89, 90, 92, 161 Siena, 35, 37, 108, 212 Turks, Ottoman, 75, 217 Sisyphus, 91–3, 163, 191, 211 Tuscany (and Tuscan cities), 19, 27, 37, 48, Sixtus IV, Pope, 16, 141 102, 108, 113, 129, 145–7, 154 Skinner, Quentin, 147, 260 Smith, Adam, 263, 265, 270 Uberti (family), 134 Soderini (family), 50–1, 55, 58 United States, 6, 260, 263, 266 Francesco, Bishop, later Cardinal, 33, 35, Urbino, 69, 208 54–5, 56–7, 113 Uzzano, Niccolò da, 138–9 Giovanbattista, 19, 41, 158–60, 165, 182, 224, 225 Valdichiana, 50, 55 Niccolò, 140 Valla, Lorenzo, 121 Paolantonio, 50 Valori, Francesco, 31, 104 Piero, 19–20, 21, 25, 34, 35–6, 37, 42, 44, Valori, Niccolò, 75 48, 50–61, 64–6, 71, 105, 113, 117, 119, Vegetius, 71, 121 128, 195, 215 Venice, 21, 36, 37, 51, 66, 69, 73, 82, 103, Tommaso, 50 104, 146, 150, 152, 176, 249 Spain and the Spaniards, 21, 34, 37, 56, 59, Venus, 85 66, 69, 80, 89, 90, 105, 114, 145, 147, Vernacci, Giovanni, 22, 25 154, 192, 249 Vespucci, Agostino, 20–1, 41, 128 Sparta, 3, 99, 104, 150, 176 Vespucci, Bartolomeo, 159 Spinoza, Baruch, 250–1 Vettori, Francesco, 20, 22, 27, 35–6, Spurius Maelius, 106 55–6, 230 “Statutes for a Pleasure Company,” 164 correspondence with Machiavelli, 14, 17, Stefani, Marchionne di Coppo, 133 22–4, 40, 58, 67–9, 91, 157, 163, 165–6, Strauss, Leo, 256, 259–61, 268–9 190, 201, 204, 209–11, 218, 241 Strozzi, Filippo, 57, 65–6, 70, 72 Vettori, Paolo, 61, 66–7, 179 Strozzi, Lorenzo, 69, 72, 121, 207–8, 215 Villani, Giovanni, 133 Studio (Florence’s university), 1, 25, 64, 73, Villari, Pasquale, 258–9 128, 160 Vindiciae contra tyrannos (Huguenot Stupanus, Nicolaus, 242 treatise), 242 Sulla, 107, 110 Virgil, 16, 81, 84–93, 161, 174, 199–200 Swiss, 23, 36, 37, 71, 80, 89, 90, 113, 122, virtù, 17, 42, 61, 99, 100, 102, 105, 123, 138, 154, 192 154–5, 168, 194, 200, 204, 214, 246–7, 252 Tacitus, 16, 28, 72, 148, 154, 242–4, as adaptability, 183 248–9, 251 ancient, 24, 96 Taro, battle of the, 216 and arms, 98, 118, 139, 151–2, 196–7, Tarquins, 103, 106, 214 247–8 Tasso, Torquato, 231 as autonomy, 110 Telius, Sylvester, 242 and ethics, 185 Terence, 16, 207, 210–12, 214–15; see also as free will, 11, 159 Andria gendered as sexual prowess and Thebes, 83, 91 masculinity, 199, 218, 226, 228, 232, Theseus, 68, 80, 99 233–5, 236 Thucydides, 16 of the Prince, 23, 83 Tibullus, 191 variety of Machiavelli’s notions of, Tocqueville, Alexis de, 258, 263–4, 267, 270 191–3, 225 Tornabuoni, Giovanni, 65 Visconti, Bernabò, 184

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Visconti, Filippo Maria, 139 Walter of Brienne, duke of Athens, 134–5 Visconti, Giangaleazzo, 130, 147 Weber, Max, 259 Vitelli of Città di Castello, 34, 118 Will, George, 7 Vitelli, Paolo, 34 Wolfe, John, 243 Voltaire, 125, 251 “Words to be spoken on the law for raising Volterra, 117 money,” 39

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