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Australia and the Appeasement of

Personal thoughts from the founder of Boldtutor – a citizen who has transitioned from the political left to the right on issues concerning Islamic acceptance and tolerance in Western society

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This paper is not an academic text. It is a personal account that highlights the reasons behind my transition from a passionate believer of Islamic appeasement, to an individual that has lost complete respect for a religion that offers nothing of value to western citizens or me. Regardless, I have still conducted some research, and references are included at the end of this paper for those interested.

Furthermore, there are times when I reflect on my transition and consider whether or not I have become misinformed or short sighted. This state of mind occurs when I tutor young Muslim individuals who are among the most courteous and open-minded people I have had the pleasure of teaching. Such however I believe are vastly outnumbered by a ‘moderate’ group of Muslims who strongly favour and promote the outdated patriarchal doctrine in the and – a doctrine I had once accepted and tolerated. That compassion for Islam no longer exists within me…it is a speck upon distant shore…too small to draw notice.

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Introduction – Falling for a wolf in sheep’s clothing

From the period of 2009 to 2014, I considered myself a person loyal to the group promoting the tolerance of Islam and its values in western society. I analysed ideas such as Edward Said’s Orientalism at University and even wrote essay’s critiquing US foreign policy in the Middle East, Israel’s actions against Palestine and western media coverage of Muslims and the Middle East. In essence, I found myself respecting a Muslim’s right to practice or preach Islamic doctrine in Western nations like Australia.

Indeed I remember debating about the virtues of embracing difference and tolerating Islam with family and friends who are against the idea of Islamic appeasement. We were watching a Channel Ten show called Can of Worms in 2011 and one of the questions asked was ‘Is the burqa out of place in Australia?’ I argued that the burqa should have a place in Australia while the rest of my family argued against its acceptance.

Certain experiences with Muslims, particularly with the radical terrorist in 2009 at Sydney’s Downing Centre court, coupled with a closer study of The Quran and the 4

Hadith has reshaped my mindset on the issue of Islamic appeasement in Australia considerably.

While studying Journalism at Macleay College, a friend and I were heading off to the Ogalo Portuguese burger restaurant for lunch. On our way there, we stopped and observed the peaceful protest of the man now infamously known as the terrorist responsible for the 2014 Lindt Café Siege. My friend and I stood approximately three metres or so away from Man Monis as he chained himself and outlined his criticism of Australia’s military involvement in the Middle East, particularly in Afghanistan.

Given that it was a peaceful protest, my friend and I didn’t think too much of Man Monis or his message. We eventually exited the scene and had lunch at Ogalo’s, not knowing that five years on that this would be the very figure that would rock Australia’s social foundation to its core.

Indeed I observed Man Monis and mistakenly saw an individual that was misguided but harmless. He presented himself as an emotionally reserved figure of vulnerability on 5 that afternoon in 2009 – a perfect wolf in sheep’s clothing. A man who, at the time, held no ill intentions towards Australian citizens…so I believed.

I thus accepted and appreciated Man Monis’ right to protest and critique Australia’s involvement in the Middle East. My mindset during this period was considerably positioned on the left of the political spectrum. In other words, I had been taught to accept and develop a form of compassion to the ‘marginalised’ religion of .

I continued to embrace leftist interpretations of issues such as Islamic immigration, and economics. While studying at University in 2011, I wrote several essays and reports critiquing the influence of Americanization and westernization on citizens with a middle-eastern background that follow the religion of Islam.

My views however began to transition from the left to the political right by 2014 – the year that Man Monis initiated a 6 hostage crisis in Sydney that would result in the deaths of two innocent civilians. At the end of the day, Man Monis had me fooled. He was the perfect wolf in sheep’s clothing. A Trojan horse that was given the opportunity to start a new life in Australia, far away from the instability he experienced in his native Iran. Man Monis settled in Australia in 1996, despite Iran warning government of his criminal record. Australia ignored the warnings however and granted Man Monis asylum. Why? What was the payoff? What did Australia expect to attain by letting Man Monis become an Australian citizen?

I began questioning my tolerance and political beliefs regarding Islamic appeasement and I found that my patience for Islam had finally worn thin. I couldn’t help but imagine how furious I would have been if my parents or a loved one were held hostage inside the Lindt Café on that fateful day in December 2014. Man Monis’ actions in Sydney impacted me greatly, given that it encouraged me to recall the reaction of several ‘moderate’ Muslim children at primary school when the United States was attacked by radical Islamic terrorists on September 11 2001. At the time, I was in year 6 in primary school but I recall vividly the reaction of many Muslim kids 7 who were celebrating the attacks. Looking back, It was fascinating to recall how deeply, anti-western discourse and Islamic doctrine, was engrained within young Muslim children (all of them male) in Australia. Such doctrine glorifies the actions of those who attack the West, particularly the United States. Indeed the guardians or parents of these children may not align themselves with ISIS or other terrorist groups, but there is no question in my mind that deep anti-western rhetoric is still being filtered through to ‘moderate’ Muslims who are Australian citizens.

Indeed I have tutored many ‘moderate’ Muslims, particularly Muslim men, in NSW. I often engage in private conversations with these figures discussing Man Monis, ISIS, the United States, Australia and Israel. All of them were sympathetic to Man Monis and all hold deep contempt for US, Western and Australian influence in the Middle East. When I discussed the topic of Jerusalem and whether or not it was the capital of Israel, most Muslim clients held the view that Jerusalem should be the capital of Palestine and it should be made the capital through any means necessary. Of course, these clients also hold the view that the laws and doctrine in the Quran and Hadith outweigh the laws and doctrine of Western government. Again 8 these views were made clear during personal discussions with Muslim clients and thus I could not record or sample evidence. What there is evidence of however are the anti-western comments made by the Grand of Australia – a figure that holds immense sway over Australia’s Muslim population. If the holds such views, one can be sure that those who recognize his authority hold similar perspectives. These perspectives will be discussed later in this paper.

Questioning the Quran and Hadith

In spite of my wavering beliefs on Islamic appeasement, I decided to read the Quran for the first time – an English translation by Tarif Khalidi - just to clarify if I was misinterpreting Islam unfairly. I also examined the Islamic Hadith. A fascinating read, the Quran is a text that contains its fair share of inconsistencies and flaws. Taken literally, I decided not to invest in Islamic doctrine given that the Quran offered me no rule or discourse that I would deem worthy of implementation to improve either western society or myself in general. The following excerpts from the Quran are testament to such a statement: 9

- ‘Do not marry polytheistic (people who worship more than one god) women unless they believe (in Islam). A female slave, who is a believer, is better than a polytheistic woman, even if winning your admiration. Do not give in marriage to polytheists unless they believe. A male slave who is a believer is better than a polytheistic man, even if winning your admiration. These people will lead you to the fire, but God leads you to the Garden and forgiveness, by His leave.’ – p. 30

- Your women are your sowing fields: approach your field whenever you please.’ – p. 30

- Women have the selfsame rights and obligations in conformity with fairness, but men are a grade more responsible than them.’ – p. 31

- ‘Whoso desires a religion other than Islam, this shall not be accepted from him, And in the afterlife he will be among the losers.’ – p. 50

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- ‘O believers, it is not licit for you to inherit women against their will…Live with them in kindness..’ – p. 64

But then you get this -

- Thus, virtuous women are obedient, and preserve their trusts, such as God wishes them to be preserved…. If they obey you, seek no other way against them.’ –pp. 66-67

- O believers, take not Jews and Christians for allies; they are allies of one another. Whoso among you takes them as allies is counted of their number. God guides not the wrongdoers.’ – p. 90

- O believers, do not take for allies those who took your religion as a subject of mockery and entertainment among those granted the Book before you, or among the unbelievers. Fear God if you truly believe. When you call to prayer, they take it as subject for mockery and entertainment, for they are a people of no understanding.’ – pp. 90-91

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- The Jews say: ‘The hand of God is shackled!’ May their own hands be shackled and may they be cursed for what they say! Rather his hands are spread forth and He despises in any manner he wishes….We have sown hostility and hatred among them (Jews) until the Day of Ressurrection; whenever they kindle the flame of war, God shall extinguish it. They roam the earth corrupting it, and God loves not the corrupters.’ – p. 91

- ‘The adulteress and the adulterer: Flog each of them a hundred lashes. And let not pity for them overcome you in regard to the law of God..’ p. 281

- ‘Tell believing women to avert their eyes, and safeguard their private parts, and not to expose their attractions except what is visible. And let them wrap their shawls around their breast lines and reveal their attractions only before their husbands or fathers, or father-in-law, or sons, or sons of their husbands, or brothers, or sons of brothers, or sons of sisters, or their womenfolk or slaves, or male attendants with no sexual desire, or children with no 12

intimate knowledge of the private parts of women…’ pp. 283-84

- ‘Women past the age of child-bearing, who do not look forward to marriage – to them no blame attaches if they remove their cloaks, but do not display any ornament. If they behave with modesty this would be better for them. God is All-Hearing, Omniscient.’ – p. 287

- ‘O Prophet, tell your wives, your daughters and women believers to wrap their outer garments closely around them, for this makes it more likely that they will be recognized and not be harassed…’ – p. 344

The Hadith also contains problematic doctrine or laws that carry great significance to most Muslims living in Australia:

Yahya related to me from Malik from Muslim ibn Abi Maryam from Abu Salih that Abu Hurayra said, "Women who are naked even though they are wearing clothes, go astray and make others go astray, and they will not enter the Garden and they will not find its scent, and its scent is experienced from as far as the distance travelled in five hundred years." 13

“It is not lawful for a Muslim woman to travel a night's journey except when there is a Mahram (person who doesn’t desire intimate relations with woman) with her.”

“It is not lawful for a woman who believers in Allah and the Last Day to travel on a trip that is three days or more, unless she is accompanied by her father, her brother, her husband, her son, or someone who is a Mahram to her.”

“O slavewoman of the Compeller, where are you headed?” She said: “To the .” He said: “And have you put on perfume for that?” She said: “Yes.” He said: “I heard the Messenger of Allah say: ‘Any woman who puts on perfume then goes out to the (ﷺ) mosque, no prayer will be accepted from her until she takes a bath.’”

said: "Every eye commits adultery, and (ﷺ) that the Prophet when the woman uses perfume and she passes by a gathering, then she is like this and that.'" Meaning an adulteress.

“The parable of the woman who walks to impress others in adornments for other than her family, is that of darkness on the Day of Judgment: There is no light for her.”

,.said, "A woman is married for four things, i.e (ﷺ) The Prophet her wealth, her family status, her beauty and her religion. So you 14 should marry the religious woman (otherwise) you will be a losers.

said, "If a man Invites his wife to sleep with him (ﷺ) The Prophet and she refuses to come to him, then the angels send their curses on her till morning."

said, "It is not lawful for a lady to fast (ﷺ) Allah's Messenger (Nawafil) without the permission of her husband when he is at home; and she should not allow anyone to enter his house except with his permission; and if she spends of his wealth (on charitable purposes) without being ordered by him, he will get half of the reward."

cursed those men who are in the (ﷺ) Allah's Messenger similitude (assume the manners) of women and those women who are in the similitude (assume the manners) of men.

Allah has cursed those women who practise tattooing and those who get themselves tattooed, and those who remove their face hairs, and those who create a space between their teeth artificially to look beautiful, and such women as change the features created by Allah.

forbade men :(ﷺ)It was narrated from Aisha that the Prophet and women to enter bathhouses, then he allowed men to enter them wearing a waist wrap, but he did not make the same allowance for women. 15

Amongst the inmates of Paradise the women would form a minority.

The best rows for men are the first rows, and the worst ones the last ones, and the best rows for women are the last ones and the worst ones for them are the first ones.

said, "Isn't the witness of a woman equal to half (ﷺ) The Prophet of that of a man?" The women said, "Yes." He said, "This is because of the deficiency of a woman's mind."

said, "I looked at Paradise and found poor (ﷺ) The Prophet people forming the majority of its inhabitants; and I looked at Hell and saw that the majority of its inhabitants were women."

"O people, the Prophet [SAW] forbade you to give false impressions. He brought a piece of black cloth and threw it in front of them and said: 'This is what women are putting on their heads and covering it.'"

Who is the best !(ﷺ) Somebody asked, "O Allah's Messenger replied "A believer (ﷺ) among the people?" Allah's Messenger who strives his utmost in Allah's Cause with his life and property."

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"A single endeavor in Allah's Cause in the afternoon or in the forenoon is better than all that on which the sun rises and sets."

and asked, "A man fights for war (ﷺ) A man came to the Prophet booty; another fights for fame and a third fights for showing off; said, "He (ﷺ) which of them fights in Allah's Cause?" The Prophet who fights that Allah's Word (i.e. Islam) should be superior, fights in Allah's Cause."

said, "Know that Paradise is under the (ﷺ) Allah's Messenger shades of swords."

As you can attest from the above, I came across no ideas within the Quran or Hadith that I would deem worthy of practice when it comes to improving my own spiritual, political or social human condition. Indeed I often view religion as a buffet and I sampled the dish of Islam and didn’t like what I tasted and thus moved on. On a side note, I also find it astonishing that any woman would want to convert to Islam based on the doctrine above, but each to their own I guess…

The Bible meanwhile also contains inconsistencies, but it is a 17 fantastic text nonetheless. I may be an atheist but the stories within The Bible contain enormous didactic potential for readers willing to engage in its narrative without taking it too seriously.

Stories and characters such as Adam & Eve, King David, King Solomon, Job & Leviathan, Cain & Abel, The tragedy of Jesus Christ, Moses & The Ten Commandments, Noah’s Ark and the Tower of Babel offer fantastic lessons on the flaws of the human condition and the flaws of God himself. After all, the narrative of Noah’s Ark sees God admitting that the earth and the human race he created was flawed, and thus proceeds to rebuild a better version of humanity.

Figures such as Jesus Christ and Moses also question God’s presence, actions and guidance at times. These characters are thus positioned as ‘everymen’ that are relatable to readers who also question the meaning of life and its injustices. Compared to the Quran, the Bible’s various narratives left me thinking deeply about humanity’s flawed relationship with God. The text presents characters (Adam and Eve, Moses’ followers, 18

Judas, Peter etc) whose devotion to God or Jesus’ direction wavered significantly, and this helps readers fathom the idea that true and utter devotion to God is near impossible. Such didactic potential is not evident when reading the Quran.

To be honest, I expected the Quran to be similar to the story of Moses and the Ten Commandments. I was excited to explore the relationship between Allah, Gabriel and the prophet Mohammed. I was expecting a complex narrative where Allah and Mohammed were conveyed as flawed characters whose interpretation of the world and its people would be challenged. After reading through the Quran several times though, I didn’t come across any narrative of sorts. The text was instead a mixture of poetry and prose that basically outlined the laws and way of life that Muslims have to abide by in a bid to share paradise with Allah. Of course, the more problematic doctrine has been outlined above.

After reading the Quran and examining the Hadith, I have come to the conclusion that Australia has committed an innocent but dangerous error when it comes to its promotion of Islamic 19 tolerance. Australia has not fostered a culture of integration but a culture of appeasement, and the religion that stands to benefit from such a misguided approach is the religion of Islam. It is this religion that has shaped the actions of men like Man Monis and all the other ‘moderate’ Muslims who call Australia home – a home that they will do their best to reshape into a society more in line with Islamic beliefs.

Australia’s appeasement of Islam

Despite these concerns, Australia remains a great country. It goes without saying that holding an Australian passport and/or citizenship certificate grants citizens and immigrants alike with access to a social, political and economic system that is the envy of many nations throughout the world.

Indeed many Muslims have travelled from overseas to settle in Australia. They view the nation as a safe haven – a haven to promote and practice the Islamic faith with very little interference from government and citizen alike.

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Why? There is only one reason that is able to explain Australia’s generous but misguided policy promoting the free and unconstrained practice of Islam in this country – that reason is social harmony. Social harmony, cohesiveness and the attainment of social order are the key reasons why the Australian government, in all its forms, has promoted a culture of appeasement within the majority of its citizens.

They say that ‘real’ say ‘welcome’. The majority of Australians feel that a welcoming attitude is one that will help reinforce Australia’s place as a very secure and socially stable nation – a view that I once embraced. The paradox here however concerns the fact that Australia’s current practice of Islamic appeasement is slowly fostering social division and eventual anarchy. Such division is the reason why Pauline Hanson’s One Nation party is back in the political spotlight after many years out of the picture. This means that support for One Nation is growing in a country where Islamic appeasement is supposedly working perfectly. If that is the case, then why is there a growing demand for the anti-Islamic rhetoric of politicians like Pauline Hanson?

In the US, we have already witnessed the US Presidential 21 victory of Donald Trump, and in France, right wing leader Marine Le Pen is expected to challenge strongly come the 2017 French election. In Germany, the right-wing Alternative für Deutschland, led by Frauke Petry is also on the rise. Current Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel has also changed her compassionate tune (somewhat) and asked for a ban on the veil and burqa. Rising anti-Islamic sentiment in Austria and the Netherlands also proves how frustrated many citizens are with the appeasement of Islam throughout the western world.

Indeed this frustration is also manifesting within me. There is no social harmony with Islam occurring within Australia’s landscape, only social division – a divide that will always continue to exist and manifest, no matter how accommodating Australia wants to become. It is no surprise then that Islam in Australia continues to take advantage of such generosity.

How Muslims makes the most of Australian appeasement 22

Many Australian Muslims demand, petition and donate funds for the building of and Muslim schools in a bid to create an environment where the seed of Islam can be planted:

‘All… mosques reviewed were built solely through the efforts and capital invested by the local community…there is a lot of donations from the community….The ‘community’ referred to above indicates that it is the people with an interest in the mosque and is not related to the broader community. The , which took 13 years to complete, was constructed on the back of…the construction costs coming from community donations. (Report – see references)

It is no surprise that Australia’s Grand Mufti also encourages the building of more mosques to help appease Muslim citizens and their concerns over ‘isolation’ and ‘rejection’ in Australian society. The more mosques, the better according to Abu Mohamed. These Religious institutions provide a venue for Muslims to gather and publicly worship and fulfill their religious obligations to Mohammad and Allah - an obligation that outweighs their 23 social contract with Australia. Their loyalty is with the Quran and Hadith first and foremost.

To date, there are well over 350 mosques around Australia based on a 2012 count as well as over 160 mosques (2014 count) and 17 Muslim schools in NSW alone. The number of mosques continues to increase significantly with recent developments in Queanbeyan and Bendigo gaining approval – a victory, the political left argues, is supposedly for all Australians. Yet when two Bendigo residents decided to appeal the development of Bendigo’s first mosque, their appeal was ‘thrown out’ by the High court. A mosque may also be built in Narre Warren North in Victoria but such development has been met with heavy resistance from locals.

Furthermore, Melbourne is in the process of developing Iqra Village, a new housing development in Melton South aimed at catering to the desires of an Islamic community that wishes to promote a ‘commonality’ that provides those of the same faith with a sense of community and security. This development contains 75 separate lots and a mosque built in the middle of the neighbourhood. 24

In 2011, The city of Monash won an exemption from equal opportunity laws to install curtains at a public pool so Muslim women can have privacy during a female-only exercise classes. The council says the privacy screen was needed for "cultural reasons".

It followed moves by other councils to introduce women-only sessions for the Muslim community. Indeed Greater Dandenong asked a tribunal to approve a ban on uncovered shoulders and thighs for those attending a family event at a pool. Monash councillors accepted that the women couldn't use the pool in normal hours for cultural and religious reasons.

Is this what multiculturalism entails? How can Australia justify these actions as being made in Australia’s best interests? How do such actions promote effective multiculturalism? Does the Australian government honestly believe that the development of more mosques and Islamic institutions will shield them from the possibility of Islamic terror or radicalization? Judging from the 2014 Sydney Hostage Crisis, Parramatta Police shooting and countless other thwarted terrorists attacks, the answer is 25 an overwhelming No. On the contrary, the spread of radical Islamic terror and radicalization continues to manifest significantly in Australia. Such a reality has been made possible in large part to Australia’s appeasement of Islam.

To make matters worse, some Australian Muslim business owners have illegally donated funds to ISIS. In August 2016, A Sydney day childcare business was linked to wide scale fraud of childcare funds for terrorist purposes. Brothers Mohammad (25) and Ibrahim Omar (27) have been charged with using their childcare benefits and rebates for their Lakemba family day care business to financially support Islamic State. These two brothers run 600 in-home daycare providers.

In NSW this year, the wife of an IS recruiter refused to stand up or remove her veil for presiding District Court Judge Audray Balla. The Islamic woman said ‘she won’t stand up for anyone except Allah’ and also demanded that all men in the courtroom look(ed) away in order to give testimony. The woman now faces charges. This defiant behaviour from Muslim Australians is the result of Australia’s appeasement towards Islam. Such appeasement and compassion provides Australian Muslims with the apparent right to defy western law and customs in 26 order to fulfill their Islamic obligations to Allah and Mohammad. Indeed when Australia finally requests these members to uphold western law, it is no surprise that Muslim Australians act out aggressively. Such aggression and defiance is the result of a Muslim Australian’s belief that Islamic doctrine and law is allowed to take precedence over western doctrine and law, even in nations like Australia.

Australia’s multicultural accommodation has also now seen a Bondi Public School Principal ban the use of the word 'Easter' from the school's annual Easter Hat Parade in order to foster a more ‘inclusive’ community. Such ‘inclusive’ attitude was evident when I was in high school, given that Muslim students were given permission to exit classes in session so that they could spend an hour praying/worshipping Mohammad and Allah. Why? What is the goal behind such appeasing behaviour? This isn’t fostering inclusiveness; it is fostering stupidity and appeasement. Such ridiculous acts are just the latest in a long line of appeasement actions that have served to compromise Australia’s social harmony.

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Indeed Muslim citizens are also permitted to take their passport photos while wearing their traditional covering. These laws may appear insignificant, but they are proof that Islamic doctrine has successfully reshaped Australian law to better appease Muslims.

Furthermore, I recently (November 2016) offered to volunteer my services as an English language tutor to immigrant Muslims who have recently arrived from the Middle East. This was the email response I received from the volunteer support program:

‘Thank you very much for your interest…Unfortunately that role, for cultural and religious reasons, is only open for women and in fact recruitment is closed for 2016.’

My volunteer application was rejected because I am a male tutor who is forbidden by Islamic doctrine to teach English to a class containing only women. In a way, this email proved that Islamic religious doctrine is allowed to take precedence over western tradition that openly allows a male educator to share a classroom with women.

Overtime, the Islamic seed has grown immensely throughout Australia and it now takes the form of a weed that will be very 28 difficult to pull out of the ground. These issues have contributed to my feeling of discontent about Australia’s current social and political climate. I began asking myself the following questions: 1. Why should I have to put up with this (Islamic doctrine) in the West? 2. What benefits to western society does such respect and tolerance offer? 3. How will I benefit as an Australian citizen by appeasing the wishes of Muslims who have made it abundantly clear that Islam remains the driving force behind their demeaning lifestyle?

Again, major political parties, university institutions and other prominent figures firmly believe that Australians must take into account the needs of other cultural groups, particularly Muslims, in a bid to maintain social harmony, and to accommodate their needs and desires as much as possible. Failure to do so (according to several universities) means increasing the risk of a revolt from Muslims– a replication of the Lindt Café Terrorist attack, Parramatta Police shooting or the recent stabbing in Minto:

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‘This (2014) report illustrates that mosques in Sydney and NSW are very dynamic places where the Muslim community is providing and funding religious and community services for a very large section of the Muslim community. With more financial resources and support, the social and psychological needs of the Muslim minority population in NSW can be dramatically improved. This report provides precedence for NSW mosques to be viewed as community centres that can be of assistance in creating productive members of society.’ – University report

Such generosity from the political left is a result of their misguided beliefs that mosque leaders actively disengage Muslims from preaching or promoting the growth of Islamic doctrine and law throughout the West:

‘ Most mosque leaders…actively discourage the spread of extremist views inside the mosque.’ - University report

Furthermore, many institutions and parties on the political left profoundly believe that mosque leaders share deep ‘concerns’ over in Australia:

‘Mosque leaders are concerned about extremism among….Muslims in the community. They identify this group as 30 being problematic in creating misconceptions and stereotypes about the Muslim community in the eyes of the media and wider Australian community. Mosque leaders monitor their mosques to ensure these individuals do not spread their ideologies inside the mosque.’ - University report

If this is the case, then why is the – the supreme authority on Islam - still allowed to remain in his post after preaching and advocating views on women and the West that are the direct antithesis of Western law and customs? Surely he should have been removed from his post a long time ago if mosque leaders were deeply ‘concerned’ of the spread of radical Islamic doctrine and law across Australia. Yet despite his views (p. 34-35 of this document), the Grand Mufti remains tethered to his position as Grand Mufti of Australia.

In short, Australia is a nation blinded by a deep longing for love, rather than respect from its Muslim population. At the end of the day, Muslims respect first and foremost the law of Mohammad and Allah, inherent in their Quran and Hadith – a flawed religious doctrine that contains many inconsistencies. They do not favour the separation of religion and state. Muslims in positions of power effectively feign affection and 31 compliance, and the political left takes their promises at face value without testing their loyalty to Australian and Western customs.

Opponents of my view will point to Christianity and its inconsistencies. However, It is important to point out that Christianity has undergone its period of examination and critique during the eras of the Renaissance and Enlightenment and continues to receive examination even today. Such examination is the reason why Christian doctrine or the doctrine of the church holds nowhere near as much power as it did during the Middle Ages in Europe. If such examination can be applied to Christianity, why on earth can it not be applied to Islam or prominent Muslim individuals and institutions?

Little difference between views of ISIS and ‘moderate’ Muslims

While many Muslims and Islamic nations do not associate themselves with terrorist groups such as ISIS, there exists a very large majority of ‘moderate’ Muslims and Islamic nations whose views could still be held as problematic to western 32 society, particularly when it comes to laws on women, certain minority groups and nations such as Israel.

On an international level, the assassination of former Egyptian President Anwar Sadat in 1981, coupled with ’s expulsion from the Arab League proves that Arab leaders still hold deep resentment towards Israel. Sadat’s speech to the Israeli Knesset in 1977 was viewed with hostility by other Arab nations and such an act led to his execution. As a result of his speech, Sadat managed to convince Israel to sign a peace treaty in 1979.

At present, Islamic nations such as , Afghanistan and Turkey all promote doctrine that is shaped by the Hadith and is highly prejudiced against women, and sympathetic towards patriarchal discourse. The Turkish government is debating whether or not to implement a law that ‘lets child rapists off the hook — if they marry’ their victims. The controversial bill in Turkey would overturn men’s convictions for child sex assault if they married their victim. Such an absurd proposal has been undeniably shaped by the Hadith which states that -"What is done in our community 33 about the man who rapes a woman, virgin or non-virgin, if she is free, is that he must pay the bride-price of the like of her.”

Tourists in UAE meanwhile have been warned against reporting rape crimes as a western woman faces jail for reporting rape to police. The warning comes after a British woman who told Dubai police she was gang-raped by a group of British nationals was charged with extramarital sex, an offence punishable by jail time and flogging. The following in the Hadith shapes this sort of archaic thinking:

"The position with us about a woman who is found to be pregnant and has no husband and she says, 'I was forced,' or she says, 'I was married,' is that it is not accepted from her and the hadd (punishment – eighty lashes, stoning etc) is inflicted on her unless she has a clear proof of what she claims about the marriage or that she was forced or she comes bleeding if she was a virgin or she calls out for help so that someone comes to her and she is in that state or what resembles it of the situation in which the violation occurred." He said, "If she does not produce any of those, the hadd is inflicted on her and what she claims of that is not accepted from her."

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In Afghanistan, laws dictate that women need to eat in separate rooms or curtain-covered ledges in a bid ‘to protect women from the attention of men’. Furthermore, women are not permitted to speak freely to another male without their male partner’s ‘permission’.

On a national level, Deakin University in October 2015 (using the excuse of democratic discourse), invited an extremist Muslim group to host a session on Islamic doctrine. This group is notorious for its recommendation of the death penalty for homosexuals and apostates, promotion of and hatred of Jews and Christians and violence against women. Deakin corporate communications director Sarah Dolan said there were no clear grounds to cancel the event at the last minute. Really? Why would Deakin University extend such an invitation in the first place? What did they hope to gain from such misguided action? What ideas are you welcoming?

The grand Mufti of Australia Ibrahim Abu Mohamed also wrote in his 1993 book An Invitation To Contemplate that non- Muslims wanted their women to walk around, “exposed as a piece of sweet pastry ... devoured by the eyes of men". 35

In 1995 he wrote, "the West does not bring to us any good, all they bring are their diseases". Do you honestly think that his views have changed? Why does such a man, who hides laughter behind a polite smile, continue to hold a position of great power within our society? What is the end game here?

Conclusion – Drawing a line in the sand

To deny that Islam has inconsistencies is naïve and dangerous and threatens to undermine the very goal that Multiculturalism is supposed to aspire to – social order and harmony. That social order is under threat as Islamic doctrine continues to manifest itself, slowly, but surely, into Australia’s social and political fabric. If we continue on our politically correct course, the small but real social division that exists in Australia will continue to grow and grow.

Overall, this article is not meant to foster a moral panic against Islam. Its goal rather is to encourage readers and the Australian government to reconsider their stance on an Islamic appeasement strategy that, in my opinion, won’t yield the social stability that they crave. This is because the Australian 36 government is appeasing a religion and way of life that doesn’t promote anything of value to western society. Islam’s doctrine serves to merely justify the existence of a patriarchal and theological system that is both outdated and utterly useless to humanity’s quest for social, economic and political evolution. Western governments and media outlets also need to stop the discourse proposing that views such as mine are ‘misinformed’. Such ignorance and political correctness is the very reason why right wing party groups are attracting growing support.

For Australia’s sake, the appeasement of Islam must be replaced with a doctrine that encourages Muslims to recognize the following – that Islamic discourse; institutions (mosques) and prominent figures (Mufti’s) hold no position or authority in western society on a micro and macro level. If such a doctrine were to be implemented, the reaction from Australian Muslims would be interesting to say the least, and such reaction would reveal a lot about where their loyalties truly lie….

References

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Sydney public school principal bans the word ‘Easter’ in annual Easter Hat Parade

Yahoo7 News on March 24, 2016, 11:43 am

 Bondi Public School principal Michael Jones reportedly called for the word 'Easter' to be dumped from the school's annual hat parade. Photo: Facebook

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The principal of a Sydney public school has come under scrutiny after he banned the use of the word 'Easter' from the school's annual Easter Hat Parade. Bondi Public School principal Michael Jones reportedly called for the word to be dumped from the annual celebration held on Thursday. A concerned parent, speaking under the condition of anonymity, told The Australian newspaper that other parents are too afraid to speak out over fears they will suffer similar consequences to those who did so when Mr Jones moved to ban the same word five years ago.

"All the hats have eggs on them. I wanted to speak out because​ this is ridiculous — but I can't make a scene," one parent said.

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com “Plus the kids won’t understand at this age, it’s only kindergarten to Year 2 because the older kids don’t do it any more.” "I know what happened to the previous people who came out and spoke against it last time," another exclaimed. Principal Jones told parents in a newsletter in 2011 that the move was to make the school 'more inclusive'. "As we are an inclusive community which celebrates our diverse range of cultures and beliefs, I have not called it an Easter Hat parade," Mr Jones wrote. "Many religious celebrations occur at this time of year but we want to include all students in any celebration at school. Teachers will talk to students about the different celebrations and the emphasis will be on tolerance and understanding." HAVE YOUR SAY: Do you think it’s necessary to ban the word Easter to create an inclusive community? A poll run on the 7 News Australia Facebook page showed the majority of users disagreed with Principal Jones’ decision. “They shouldn't ban easter celebrations at school! We are a Christian country and have been celebrating Lent for hundreds of years! What's next ban Christmas too! Please don't get me started!” one user exclaimed. “This principal has completely lost his/her marbles. I'm not Christian, but what on earth is offensive to any other religion about Easter? Never once in my life have I heard anyone secular or from ANY religion go "Awww it's Easter, how offensive." It's a fricking hat parade for the kids! Get a grip,” said another. However, there were opposing arguments among the comments within the poll. “We aren't a Christian country. We're a secular country free to choose our religion. Its not just migrants who may not want to participate, it’s not a matter of "go back to your own countries,” said a woman on the 7 News Facebook page. “There are lots of Australians who don't celebrate Easter, after all we are not all Christian,” added another.

A NSW Department of Education spokesperson told Yahoo7 News that the hat parade would go ahead, but wouldn't confirm whether the name had been banned or not.

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com "Bondi Public School will be holding its annual hat-parade on Thursday morning," the statement said.

"Holding and naming such events is a local management decision made at the school level. "Bondi Public School strongly encourages parents to raise any concerns directly with the principal or a member of staff." The Department of Education also denied being involved in the alleged removal of parents' negative comments from the school's Facebook page. "The school's website does not have a comments section. The school is not an administrator of the Facebook page for parents," the Department said. News break – March 24

VIDEO News break - March 24

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converted by Web2PDFConvert.com Narrated Abu Huraira: saying, "If a slave-girl of yours commits illegal sexual intercourse (ﷺ) I heard the Prophet and her illegal sexual intercourse is proved, she should be lashed, and after that nobody should blame her, and if she commits illegal sexual intercourse the second time, she should be lashed and nobody should blame her after that, and if she does the offense for the third time and her illegal sexual intercourse is proved, she should be sold even for a hair rope." َحدَّثَنَا َع ْبدُ ا ْلعَ ز ي ز ْب ُن َع ْب د ا ََّّلل ، قَا َل أَ ْخبَ َرن ي اللَّ ْي ُث، َع ْن َس عي ٍد، َع ْن أَب ي ه، َع ْن أَب ي ُه َر ْي َرةَ ـ رضى هللا عنه ـ قَا َل َس م ْع ُت النَّب َّي صلى هللا عليه وسلم يَقُو ُل " إ ذَا َزنَ ْت أَ َمةُ أَ َح د ُك ْم، فَتَبَيَّ َن زنَا َها فَ ْليَ ْج ل ْد َها ا ْل َحد َّ، َوالَ يُثَ ر ْب َعلَ ْي َها، ثُ َّم إ ْن َزنَ ْت فَ ْليَ ْج ل ْد َها ا ْل َحدَّ َوالَ يُثَ ر ْب، ثُ َّم إ ْن َزنَ ت الثَّا لثَةَ فَتَبَيَّ َن زنَا َها فَ ْليَب ْع َها َولَ ْو ب َح ْب ٍل م ْن َشعَ ٍر ".

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 2234

In-book reference : Book 34, Hadith 180

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 436

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Muhammad bin Munkadir said that he heard Umaimah bint Ruqaiqah say: with some other women, to offer our pledge to him. He said to (ﷺ) I came to the Prophet“ us: ‘(I accept your pledge) with regard to what you are able to do. But I do not shake hands with women.’” َحدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَ ْك ر ْب ُن أَب ي َش ْيبَةَ، َحدَّثَنَا ُس ْفيَا ُن ْب ُن ُعيَ ْينَةَ، أَنَّهُ َس م َع ُم َح َّمدَ ْب َن ا ْل ُم ْن َك د ر ، قَا َل َس م ْع ُت أُ َم ْي َمةَ ب ْن َت ُرقَ ْيقَةَ، تَقُو ُل جئْ ُت النَّب َّي صلى هللا عليه وسلم ف ي ن ْس َوةٍ نُبَاي عُهُ فَقَا َل لَنَا " ف ي َما ا ْستَ َط ْعتُ َّن َوأَ َط ْقتُ َّن إ ن ي الَ أُ َصاف ُح الن َسا َء " . Grade : Sahih (Darussalam)

English : Vol. 4, Book 24, Hadith 2874 reference

Arabic : Book 24, Hadith 2984 reference

Yahya related to me from Malik from Muslim ibn Abi Maryam from Abu Salih that Abu Hurayra said, "Women who are naked even though they are wearing clothes, go astray and make others go astray, and they will not enter the Garden and they will not find its scent, and its scent is experienced from as far as the distance travelled in five hundred years."

َو َحدَّثَن ي َع ْن َما ل ٍك، َع ْن ُم ْس ل م ْب ن أَب ي َم ْريَ َم، َع ْن أَب ي َصا لحٍ، َع ْن أَب ي ُه َر ْي َرةَ، أَنَّهُ قَا َل ن َسا ء َكا سيَا ت َعا ريَا ت َمائ الَ ت ُم ميالَ ت الَ يَ ْد ُخ ْل َن ا ْل َجنَّةَ َوالَ يَ ج ْد َن ري َح َها َو ري ُح َها يُو َجدُ م ْن َم س ي َرة َخ ْم س مائَ ة َسنَ ٍة .

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 48, Hadith 7 reference : Book 48, Hadith 1661

:as saying (ﷺ) Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger It is not lawful for a Muslim woman to travel a night's journey except when there is a Mahram (person who doesn’t desire intimate relations with woman) with her. َحدَّثَنَا قُتَ ْيبَةُ ْب ُن َس عي ٍد، َحدَّثَنَا لَ ْي ث، َع ْن َس عي د ْب ن أَب ي َس عي ٍد، َع ْن أَب ي ه، أَ َّن أَبَا ُه َر ْي َرةَ، قَا َل قَا َل َر ُسو ُل ا ََّّلل صلى هللا عليه وسلم " الَ يَ ح ُّل ال ْم َرأَةٍ ُم ْس ل َم ٍة تُ َساف ُر َم سي َرةَ لَ ْيلَ ٍة إ الَّ َو َمعَ َها َر ُج ل ذُو ُح ْر َم ٍة م ْن َها " .

Reference : Sahih Muslim 1339 a

In-book reference : Book 15, Hadith 470

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 7, Hadith 3104

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:as saying (ﷺ) Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Apostle It is not lawful for a woman who believes in Allah and the Hereafter to undertake a day's journey except in the company of a Mahram. َحدَّثَن ي ُز َه ْي ُر ْب ُن َح ْر ٍب، َحدَّثَنَا يَ ْحيَى ْب ُن َس عي ٍد، َع ن ا ْب ن أَب ي ذئْ ٍب، َحدَّثَنَا َس عيدُ، ْب ُن أَب ي َس عي ٍد َع ْن أَب ي ه، َع ْن أَب ي ُه َر ْي َرةَ، َع ن النَّب ي صلى هللا عليه وسلم قَا َل " الَ يَ ح ُّل ال ْم َرأَةٍ تُ ْؤ م ُن ب ا ََّّلل َوا ْليَ ْو م اآل خ ر تُ َساف ُر َم سي َرةَ يَ ْو ٍم إ الَّ َم َع ذي َم ْح َر ٍم " .

Reference : Sahih Muslim 1339 b

In-book reference : Book 15, Hadith 471

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 7, Hadith 3105

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Abu Sa’eed Al-Khudri narrated that The Messenger of Allah said: “It is not lawful for a woman who believers in Allah and the Last Day to travel on a trip that is three days or more, unless she is accompanied by her father, her brother, her husband, her son, or someone who is a Mahram to her.” ْ َحدَّثَنَا أَ ْح َمدُ ْب ُن َمن يعٍ، َحدَّثَنَا أَبُو ُمعَا ويَةَ، َع ن األَ ْع َم ش، َع ْن أَب ي َصا لحٍ، َع ْن أَب ي َس عي ٍد ال ُخ ْد ر ي ، قَا َل قَا َل َر ُسو ُل ا ََّّلل صلى هللا عليه وسلم " َال يَ ح ُّل ال ْم َرأَةٍ تُ ْؤ م ُن ب ا ََّّلل َوا ْليَ ْو م اآل خ ر أَ ْن تُ َساف َر َسفَ ًرا يَ ُكو ُن ث َالَثَةَ أَيَّا ٍم فَ َصا عدًا إ الَّ َو َمعَ َها أَبُو َها أَ ْو أَ ُخو َها أَ ْو َز ْو ُج َها أَ و ا ْبنُ َها أَ ْو ذُو َم ْح َر ٍم م ْن َها " . َوف ي ا ْلبَا ب َع ْن أَب ي ُه َر ْي َرةَ َوا ْب ن َعبَّا ٍس َوا ْب ن ُع َم َر . قَا َل أَبُو عي َسى َهذَا َح دي ث َح َس ن َص حي ح . َو ُر و َي َع ن النَّب ي صلى هللا عليه وسلم أَنَّهُ قَا َل " الَ تُ َساف ُر ا ْل َم ْرأَةُ َم سي َرةَ يَ ْو ٍم َولَ ْيلَ ٍة إ الَّ َم َع ذي َم ْح َر ٍم " . َوا ْلعَ َم ُل َعلَى َهذَا ع ْندَ أَ ْه ل ا ْل ع ْل م يَ ْك َر ُهو َن ل ْل َم ْرأَة أَ ْن تُ َساف َر إ الَّ َم َع ذي َم ْح َر ٍم . َوا ْختَلَ َف أَ ْه ُل ا ْل ع ْل م ف ي ا ْل َم ْرأَة إ ذَا َكانَ ْت ُمو س َرةً َولَ ْم يَ ُك ْن لَ َها َم ْح َر م َه ْل تَ ُح ُّج . فَقَا َل بَ ْع ُض أَ ْه ل ا ْل ع ْل م الَ يَ ج ُب َعلَ ْي َها ا ْل َح ُّج ألَ َّن ا ْل َم ْح َر َم م َن ال َّسب ي ل لقَ ْو ل ا ََّّلل َع َّز َو َج َّل ِ : ) ل َم ن ا ْستَ َطا َع إ لَ ْي ه َسب يالً ( فَقَالُوا إ ذَا لَ ْم يَ ُك ْن لَ َها َم ْح َر م فَالَ تَ ْستَ طي ُع إ لَ ْي ه َسب يالً . َو ُه َو َق ْو ُل ُس ْفيَا َن الثَّ ْو ر ي َوأَ ْه ل ْ ْ ْ َّ ْ ال ُكوفَ ة . َوقَا َل بَ ْع ُض أَ ْه ل ال عل م إ ذَا َكا َن الط ري ُق آ منًا فَإ نَّ َها تَ ْخ ُر ُج َم َع النَّا س ف ي ال َح ج . َو ُه َو قَ ْو ُل َما ل ك ْب ن أَنَ ٍس َوال َّشاف ع ي . Grade : Sahih (Darussalam)

Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1169

In-book : Book 12, Hadith 24 reference

English : Vol. 1, Book 7, Hadith 1169 translation

It was narrated that Abu Hurairah met a woman who was wearing perfume and heading for the mosque. He said: “O slavewoman of the Compeller, where are you headed?” She said: “To the mosque.” He said: “And have you put on perfume for that?” She said: “Yes.” He said: “I heard the say: ‘Any woman who puts on perfume then goes out to the (ﷺ) Messenger of Allah mosque, no prayer will be accepted from her until she takes a bath.’” َحدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَ ْك ر ْب ُن أَب ي َش ْيبَةَ، َحدَّثَنَا ُس ْفيَا ُن ْب ُن ُعيَ ْينَةَ، َع ْن َعا ص ٍم، َع ْن َم ْولَى أَب ي ُر ْه ٍم، - َوا ْس ُمهُ ُعبَ ْيد - أَ َّن أَبَا ُه َر ْي َرةَ، لَ ق َي ا ْم َرأَةً ُمتَ َطي بَةً تُ ريدُ ا ْل َم ْس جدَ فَقَا َل يَا أَ َمةَ ا ْل َجبَّا ر أَ ْي َن تُ ري دي َن ق َالَ ت ا ْل َم ْس جدَ قَا َل َولَهُ تَ َطيَّ ْب ت قَالَ ْت نَع َ ْم . قَا َل فَإ ن ي َس م ْع ُت َر ُسو َل ا ََّّلل ـ صلى هللا عليه وسلم ـ يَقُو ُل " أَيُّ َما ا ْم َرأَةٍ تَ َطيَّبَ ْت ثُ َّم َخ َر َج ْت إ لَى ا ْل َم ْس ج د لَ ْم تُ ْقبَ ْل لَ َها َصالَة َحتَّى تَ ْغتَ س َل " . Grade : Hasan (Darussalam)

Reference : Sunan Ibn Majah 4002

In-book : Book 36, Hadith 77 reference

English : Vol. 5, Book 36, Hadith 4002 translation

Narrated Abu Musa: said: "Every eye commits adultery, and when the woman uses (ﷺ) that the Prophet perfume and she passes by a gathering, then she is like this and that.'" Meaning an adulteress. َحدَّثَنَا ُم َح َّمدُ ْب ُن بَ َّشا ٍر، َحدَّثَنَا يَ ْحيَى ْب ُن َس عي ٍد ا ْلقَ َّطا ُن، َع ْن ثَاب ت ْب ن ع َما َرةَ ا ْل َحنَ ف ي ، َع ْن ُغنَ ْي م ْب ن قَ ْي ٍس، َع ْن أَب ي ُمو َسى، َع ن النَّب ي صلى هللا عليه وسلم قَا َل " ُك ُّل َع ْي ٍن َزان يَة َوا ْل َم ْرأَةُ إ ذَا ا ْستَ ْع َط َر ْت فَ َم َّر ْت ب ا ْل َم ْج ل س فَ ه َي َكذَا َو َكذَا يَ ْعن ي َزان يَةً " . َوف ي ا ْلبَا ب َع ْن أَب ي ُه َر ْي َرةَ . قَا َل أَبُو عي َسى َهذَا َح دي ث َح َس ن َص حي ح . Grade : Hasan (Darussalam) English : Vol. 5, Book 41, Hadith 2786 reference

Arabic : Book 43, Hadith 3015 reference

Maimunah bin Sa’d who was a servant for the Prophet, narrated that The Messenger of Allah said: “The parable of the woman who walks to impress others in adornments for other than her family, is that of darkness on the Day of Judgment: There is no light for her.” َحدَّثَنَا َع ل ُّي ْب ُن َخ ْش َر ٍم، أَ ْخبَ َرنَا عي َسى ْب ُن يُونُ َس، َع ْن ُمو َسى ْب ن ُعبَ ْيدَةَ، َع ْن أَيُّو َب ْب ن َخا ل ٍد، َع ْن َم ْي ُمونَةَ ب ْن ت َس ْع ٍد، َو َكانَ ْت، َخا د ًما للنَّب ي صلى هللا عليه وسلم قَالَ ْت قَا َل َر ُسو ُل ا ََّّلل صلى هللا عليه وسلم " َمثَ ُل ال َّراف لَ ة في ال زينَ ة ف ي َغ ْي ر أَ ْه ل َها َك َمثَ ل ُظ ْل َم ة يَ ْو م ا ْل قيَا َم ة الَ نُو َر لَ َها " . قَا َل أَبُو عي َسى َهذَا َح دي ث الَ نَ ْع رفُهُ إ الَّ م ْن َح دي ث ُمو َسى ْب ن ُعبَ ْيدَةَ . َو ُمو َسى ْب ُن ُعبَ ْيدَةَ يُ َضعَّ ُف ف ي ا ْل َح دي ث م ْن ق بَ ل ح ْف ظ ه َو ُه َو َصدُو ق . َوقَ ْد َر َواهُ بَ ْع ُض ُه ْم َع ْن ُمو َسى ْب ن ُعبَ ْيدَةَ َولَ ْم يَ ْرفَ ْعهُ . Grade : Da’if (Darussalam)

Reference : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 1167

In-book : Book 12, Hadith 22 reference

English : Vol. 1, Book 7, Hadith 1167 translation

Narrated Abu Huraira: said, "A woman is married for four things, i.e., her wealth, her family (ﷺ) The Prophet status, her beauty and her religion. So you should marry the religious woman (otherwise) you will be a losers. َحدَّثَنَا ُم َسدَّد ، َحدَّثَنَا يَ ْحيَى، َع ْن ُعبَ ْي د ا ََّّلل ، قَا َل َحدَّثَن ي َس عيدُ ْب ُن أَب ي َس عي ٍد، َع ْن أَب ي ه، َع ْن أَب ي ْ ُه َر ْي َرةَ ـ رضى هللا عنه ـ َع ن النَّب ي صلى هللا عليه وسلم قَا َل " تُ ْن َك ُح ال َم ْرأَةُ ألَ ْربَعٍ ل َما ل َها َو ل َح َسب َها َو َج َما ل َها َو ل دين َها، فَا ْظفَ ْر ب ذَا ت ال د ي ن تَ ربَ ْت يَدَا َك ".

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 5090

In-book reference : Book 67, Hadith 28

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 7, Book 62, Hadith 27

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Narrated Abu Huraira: said, "The woman is like a rib; if you try to straighten her, she will (ﷺ) Allah's Messenger break. So if you want to get benefit from her, do so while she still has some crookedness." ْ َحدَّثَنَا َع ْبدُ العَ زي ز ْب ُن َع ْب د ا ََّّلل ، قَا َل َحدَّثَن ي َما ل ك، َع ْن أَب ي ال زنَا د، َع ن األَ ْع َرج ، َع ْن أَب ي َ ْ َ َ ُه َر ْي َرةَ، أ َّن َر ُسو َل ا ََّّلل صلى هللا عليه وسلم قَا َل " ال َم ْرأةُ َكال ضلَع ، إ ْن أقَ ْمتَ َها َك َس ْرتَ َها، َوإ ن ا ْستَ ْمتَ ْع َت ب َها ا ْستَ ْمتَ ْع َت ب َها َوف ي َها ع َو ج ".

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 5184

In-book reference : Book 67, Hadith 119

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 7, Book 62, Hadith 113

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Narrated Abu Huraira: said, "If a man Invites his wife to sleep with him and she refuses to (ﷺ) The Prophet come to him, then the angels send their curses on her till morning." َحدَّثَنَا ُم َح َّمدُ ْب ُن بَ َّشا ٍر، َحدَّثَنَا ا ْب ُن أَب ي َع د يٍ، َع ْن ُش ْعبَةَ، َع ْن ُسلَ ْي َما َن، َع ْن أَب ي َحا ز ٍم، َع ْن أَب ي ُه َر ْي َرةَ ـ رضى هللا عنه ـ َع ن النَّب ي صلى هللا عليه وسلم قَا َل " إ ذَا دَ َعا ال َّر ُج ُل ا ْم َرأَتَهُ إ لَى ف َرا ش ه فَأَبَ ْت أَ ْن تَ جي َء لَعَنَتْ َها ا ْل َمالَئ َكةُ َحتَّى تُ ْصب َح ".

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 5193

In-book reference : Book 67, Hadith 127

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 7, Book 62, Hadith 121

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Narrated Abu Huraira: said, "If a woman spends the night deserting her husband's bed (does (ﷺ) The Prophet not sleep with him), then the angels send their curses on her till she comes back (to her husband). َحدَّثَنَا ُم َح َّمدُ ْب ُن َع ْر َع َرةَ، َحدَّثَنَا ُش ْعبَةُ، َع ْن قَتَادَةَ، َع ْن ُز َرا َرةَ، َع ْن أَب ي ُه َر ْي َرةَ، قَا َل قَا َل النَّب ُّي صلى هللا عليه وسلم " إ ذَا بَاتَ ت ا ْل َم ْرأَةُ ُم َها ج َرةً ف َرا َش َز ْو ج َها لَعَنَتْ َها ا ْل َمالَئ َكةُ َحتَّى تَ ْر ج َع ".

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 5194

In-book reference : Book 67, Hadith 128

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 7, Book 62, Hadith 122

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Narrated Abu Huraira: said, "It is not lawful for a lady to fast (Nawafil) without the (ﷺ) Allah's Messenger permission of her husband when he is at home; and she should not allow anyone to enter his house except with his permission; and if she spends of his wealth (on charitable purposes) without being ordered by him, he will get half of the reward." ْ َحدَّثَنَا أَبُو اليَ َما ن، أَ ْخبَ َرنَا ُشعَ ْي ب، َحدَّثَنَا أَبُو ال زنَا د، َع ن األَ ْع َرج ، َع ْن أَب ي ُه َر ْي َرةَ، رضى هللا عنه أَ َّن َر ُسو َل ا ََّّلل صلى هللا عليه وسلم قَا َل " الَ يَ ح ُّل ل ْل َم ْرأَة أَ ْن تَ ُصو َم َو َز ْو ُج َها َشا هد إ الَّ ب إ ْذن ه، َوالَ تَأْذَ َن ف ي بَ ْيت ه إ الَّ ب إ ْذن ه، َو َما أَ ْنفَقَ ْت م ْن نَفَقَ ٍة َع ْن َغ ْي ر أَ ْم ر ه فَإ نَّهُ يُ َؤدَّى إ لَ ْي ه َش ْط ُرهُ ". َو َر َواهُ أَبُو ال زنَا د أَ ْي ًضا َع ْن ُمو َسى َع ْن أَب ي ه َع ْن أَب ي ُه َر ْي َرةَ ف ي ال َّص ْو م .

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 5195

In-book reference : Book 67, Hadith 129

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 7, Book 62, Hadith 123

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Narrated Ibn `Abbas: (cursed those men who are in the similitude (assume the manners (ﷺ) Allah's Messenger of women and those women who are in the similitude (assume the manners) of men. َحدَّثَنَا ُم َح َّمدُ ْب ُن بَ َّشا ٍر، َحدَّثَنَا ُغ ْندَ ر، َحدَّثَنَا ُش ْعبَةُ، َع ْن قَتَادَةَ، َع ْن ع ْك ر َمةَ، َع ن ا ْب ن َعب َّا ٍس ـ رضى هللا عنهما ـ قَا َل لَعَ َن َر ُسو ُل ا ََّّلل صلى هللا عليه وسلم ا ْل ُمتَ َشب هي َن م َن ال ر َجا ل ب الن َسا ء، َوا ْل ُمتَ َشب َها ت م َن الن َسا ء ب ال ر َجا ل . تَابَعَهُ َع ْم رو أَ ْخبَ َرنَا ُش ْعبَة ُ.

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 5885

In-book reference : Book 77, Hadith 102

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 7, Book 72, Hadith 773

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Narrated `Abdullah: Allah has cursed those women who practise tattooing and those who get themselves tattooed, and those who remove their face hairs, and those who create a space between their teeth artificially to look beautiful, and such women as change the features created has cursed? And that (ﷺ) by Allah. Why then should I not curse those whom the Prophet is in Allah's Book. i.e. His Saying: 'And what the Apostle gives you take it and what he forbids you abstain (from it).' (59.7) َحدَّثَنَا ُعثْ َما ُن، َحدَّثَنَا َج ري ر، َع ْن َم ْن ُصو ٍر، َع ْن إ ْب َرا هي َم، َع ْن َع ْلقَ َمةَ، َع ْن َع ْب د ا ََّّلل ، لَعَ َن ا ََّّلل ُ ا ْل َوا ش َما ت، َوا ْل ُم ْستَ ْو ش َما ت، َوا ْل ُمتَنَ م َصا ت َوا ْل ُمتَفَ ل َجا ت ل ْل ُح ْس ن، ا ْل ُمغَي َرا ت َخ ْل َق ا ََّّلل تَعَالَى، َما لي الَ أَ ْلعَ ُن َم ْن لَعَ َن النَّب ُّي صلى هللا عليه وسلم َو ْه َو ف ي كتَا ب ا ََّّلل } َو َما آتَا ُك ُم ال َّر ُسو ُل فَ ُخ ذُوه ُ{.

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 5931

In-book reference : Book 77, Hadith 146 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 7, Book 72, Hadith 815

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:(ﷺ)It was narrated from Aisha that the Prophet forbade men and women to enter bathhouses, then he allowed men to enter them wearing a waist wrap, but he did not make the same allowance for women. َحدَّثَنَا َع ل ُّي ْب ُن ُم َح َّم ٍد، َحدَّثَنَا َو كي ع، ح َو َحدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَ ْك ر ْب ُن أَب ي َش ْيبَةَ، َحد َّثَنَا َعفَّا ُن، قَاالَ َحدَّثَنَا َح َّمادُ ْب ُن َسلَ َمةَ، أَ ْنبَأَنَا َع ْبدُ ا ََّّلل ْب ُن َشدَّا ٍد، َع ْن أَب ي ُع ْذ َرةَ، - قَا َل َو َكا َن قَ ْد أَ ْد َر َك النَّب َّي ـ صلى هللا عليه وسلم ـ - َع ْن َعائ َشةَ أَ َّن النَّب َّي ـ صلى هللا عليه وسلم ـ نَ َهى ال ر َج ا َل َوالن َسا َء م َن ا ْل َح َّما َما ت ثُ َّم َر َّخ َص لل ر َجا ل أَ ْن يَ ْد ُخلُو َها ف ي ا ْل َميَا ز ر َولَ ْم يُ َر خ ْص للن َسا ء . Grade : Hasan (Darussalam)

Reference : Sunan Ibn Majah 3749

In-book : Book 33, Hadith 94 reference

English : Vol. 5, Book 33, Hadith 3749 translation

Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar: .prohibited that one, i.e. man, should walk between two women (ﷺ) The Prophet َحدَّثَنَا ُم َح َّمدُ ْب ُن يَ ْحيَى ْب ن فَا ر ٍس، َحدَّثَنَا أَبُو قُتَ ْيبَةَ، َس ْل ُم ْب ُن قُتَ ْيبَةَ َع ْن دَا ُودَ ْب ن أَب ي َصا لحٍ ا ْل ُم َزن ي ، َع ْن نَاف عٍ، َع ن ا ْب ن ُع َم َر، أَ َّن النَّب َّي صلى هللا عليه وسلم نَ َهى أَ ْن يَ ْم ش َي - يَ ْعن ي ال َّر ُج َل - بَ ْي َن ا ْل َم ْرأَتَ ْي ن . حكم : موضوع )األلباني( (Grade : Mawdu' (Fabricated) (Al-Albani

Reference : Sunan Abi Dawud 5273

In-book reference : Book 43, Hadith 501

English translation : Book 42, Hadith 5253

:said (ﷺ) Imran b. Husain reported that Allah's Messenger Amongst the inmates of Paradise the women would form a minority. َحدَّثَنَا ُعبَ ْيدُ ا ََّّلل ْب ُن ُمعَا ٍذ، َحدَّثَنَا أَب ي، َحدَّثَنَا ُش ْعبَةُ، َع ْن أَب ي التَّيَّاح ، قَا َل َكا َن ل ُم َط ر ف ْب ن َع ْب د ا ََّّلل ا ْم َرأَتَا ن فَ َجا َء م ْن ع ْن د إ ْحدَا ُه َما فَقَالَ ت األُ ْخ َرى جئْ َت م ْن ع ْن د فُالَنَةَ فَقَا َل جئْ ُت م ْن ع ْن د ع ْم َر ا َن ْب ن ُح َص ْي ٍن فَ َحدَّثَنَا أَ َّن َر ُسو َل ا ََّّلل صلى هللا عليه وسلم قَا َل " إ َّن أَقَ َّل َسا كن ي ا ْل َجنَّ ة الن َسا ُء " .

Reference : Sahih Muslim 2738 a

In-book reference : Book 49, Hadith 6

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 36, Hadith 6600

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:said (ﷺ) It was narrated from Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah The best rows for men are the first rows, and the worst ones the last ones, and the best rows for women are the last ones and the worst ones for them are the first ones. َحدَّثَنَا ُز َه ْي ُر ْب ُن َح ْر ٍب، َحدَّثَنَا َج ري ر، َع ْن ُس َه ْي ٍل، َع ْن أَب ي ه، َع ْن أَب ي ُه َر ْي َرةَ، قَا َل قَا َل َر ُسو ُل ا ََّّلل صلى هللا عليه وسلم " َخ ْي ُر ُصفُو ف ال ر َجا ل أَ َّولُ َها َو َش ُّر َها آ خ ُر َها َو َخ ْي ُر ُصفُو ف الن َسا ء آ خ ُر َها َو َش ُّر َها أَ َّولُ َها " .

Reference : Sahih Muslim 440 a

In-book reference : Book 4, Hadith 147

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 4, Hadith 881

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Narrated Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri: said, "Isn't the witness of a woman equal to half of that of a man?" The (ﷺ) The Prophet women said, "Yes." He said, "This is because of the deficiency of a woman's mind." َحدَّثَنَا ا ْب ُن أَب ي َم ْريَ َم، أَ ْخبَ َرنَا ُم َح َّمدُ ْب ُن َج ْعفَ ٍر، قَا َل أَ ْخبَ َرن ي َز ْيد ، َع ْن عيَا ض ْب ن َع ْب د ا ََّّلل ، َع ْن أَب ي َس عي ٍد ا ْل ُخ ْد ر ي ـ رضى هللا عنه ـ َع ن النَّب ي صلى هللا عليه وسلم قَا َل " أَلَ ْي َس َش َهادَةُ ا ْل َم ْرأَة مثْ َل ن ْص ف َش َهادَة ال َّر ُج ل ". قُ ْلنَا بَلَى. قَا َل " فَذَ ل َك م ْن نُ ْق َصا ن َع ْق ل َها ".

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 2658

In-book reference : Book 52, Hadith 22

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 3, Book 48, Hadith 826

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Narrated `Imran bin Husain: said, "I looked at Paradise and found poor people forming the majority of (ﷺ) The Prophet its inhabitants; and I looked at Hell and saw that the majority of its inhabitants were women." َحدَّثَنَا أَبُو ا ْل َو لي د، َحدَّثَنَا َس ْل ُم ْب ُن َز ري ٍر، َحدَّثَنَا أَبُو َر َجا ٍء، َع ْن ع ْم َرا َن ْب ن ُح َص ْي ٍن، َع ن النَّب ي صلى هللا عليه وسلم قَا َل " ا َّطلَ ْع ُت ف ي ا ْل َجنَّ ة فَ َرأَ ْي ُت أَ ْكثَ َر أَ ْه ل َها ا ْلفُقَ َرا َء، َوا َّطلَ ْع ُت ف ي النَّا ر فَ َرأَ ْي ُت أَ ْكثَ َر أَ ْه ل َها الن َسا َء ".

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 3241

In-book reference : Book 59, Hadith 52

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 4, Book 54, Hadith 464

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It was narrated that Mu'awiyah said: "O people, the Prophet [SAW] forbade you to give false impressions. He brought a piece of black cloth and threw it in front of them and said: 'This is what women are putting on their heads and covering it.'" أَ ْخبَ َرنَا َع ْم ُرو ْب ُن يَ ْحيَى ْب ن ا ْل َحا ر ث، قَا َل َحدَّثَنَا َم ْحبُو ُب ْب ُن ُمو َسى، قَا َل أَ ْنبَأَنَا ا ْب ُن ا ْل ُم بَا َر ك، َع ْن ْ ْ َ َ يَ ْعقُو َب ْب ن القَ ْعقَاع ، َع ْن قَتَادَةَ، َع ن ا ْب ن ال ُم َسيَّ ب، َع ْن ُمعَا ويَةَ، أنَّهُ قَا َل يَا أيُّ َها النَّا ُس إ َّن النَّب َّي صلى هللا عليه وسلم نَ َها ُك ْم َع ن ال ُّزو ر . قَا َل َو َجا َء ب خ ْرقَ ٍة َس ْودَا َء فَأَْلقَا َها بَ ْي َن أَ ْي دي ه ْم فَقَا َل ُه َو َهذَا تَ ْجعَلُهُ ا ْل َم ْرأَةُ ف ي َرأْ س َها ثُ َّم تَ ْختَ م ُر َعلَ ْي ه . Grade : Sahih (Darussalam)

Reference : Sunan an-Nasa'i 5247

In-book : Book 48, Hadith 208 reference

English : Vol. 6, Book 48, Hadith 5249 translation

It was narrated from Khuzaimah bin Thabit: .said: “Allah is not too shy to tell the truth,” three times (ﷺ) That the Messenger of Allah “Do not have intercourse with women in their buttocks.” ْ َحدَّثَنَا أَ ْح َمدُ ْب ُن َع ْبدَةَ، أَ ْنبَأَنَا َع ْبدُ ال َوا ح د ْب ُن زيَا ٍد، َع ْن َح َّجاج ْب ن أَ ْر َطاةَ، َع ْن َع ْم رو ْب ن ُشعَ ْي ٍب، َع ْن َع ْب د ا ََّّلل ْب ن َه َر م يٍ، َع ْن ُخ َز ْي َمةَ ْب ن ثَاب ٍت، قَا َل قَا َل َر ُسو ُل ا ََّّلل ـ صلى هللا عليه وسلم ـ " إ َّن ا ََّّللَ الَ يَ ْستَ ْحي ي م َن ا ْل َح ق " . ثَالَ َث َم َّرا ٍت الَ تَأْتُوا الن َسا َء ف ي أَ ْدبَا ر ه َّن " . Grade : Sahih (Darussalam)

English : Vol. 3, Book 9, Hadith 1924 reference

Arabic : Book 9, Hadith 1999 reference

Malik related to me from Ibn Shihab that Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan gave a judgment that the rapist had to pay the raped woman her bride- price. Yahya said that he heard Malik say, "What is done in our community about the man who rapes a woman, virgin or non-virgin, if she is free, is that he must pay the bride-price of the like of her. If she is a slave, he must pay what he has diminished of her worth. The hadd-punishment in such cases is applied to the rapist, and there is no punishment applied to the raped woman. If the rapist is a slave, that is against his master unless he wishes to surrender him."

َحدَّثَن ي َما ل ك، َع ن ا ْب ن ش َها ٍب، أَ َّن َع ْب دَ ا ْل َم ل ك ْب َن َم ْر َوا َن، قَ َضى ف ي ا ْم َرأَةٍ أُ صيبَ ْت ُم ْستَ ْك َر َهةً ب َصدَاق َها َعلَى َم ْن فَعَ َل ذَ ل َك ب َها . قَا َل يَ ْحيَى َس م ْع ُت َما ل ًكا يَقُو ُل األَ ْم ُر ع ْندَنَا ف ي ال َّر ُج ل يَ ْغتَ ص ُب ا ْل َم ْرأَةَ ب ْك ًرا َكانَ ْت أَ ْو ثَي بًا إ نَّ َها إ ْن َكانَ ْت ُح َّرةً فَعَلَ ْي ه َصدَا ُق مثْ ل َها َوإ ْن َكانَ ْت أَ َمةً فَعَلَ ْي ه َما نَقَ َص م ْن ثَ َمن َها َوا ْلعُقُوبَةُ ف ي ذَ ل َك َعلَى ا ْل ُم ْغتَ ص ب َوالَ ُعقُوبَةَ َعلَى ا ْل ُم ْغتَ َصبَ ة ف ي ذَ ل َك ُك ل ه َوإ ْن َكا َن ا ْل ُم ْغتَ ص ُب َع ْبدًا فَذَ ل َك َعلَى َسي د ه إ الَّ أَ ْن يَ َشا َء أَ ْن يُ َس ل َمهُ .

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 36, Hadith 14

Arabic reference : Book 36, Hadith 1418

Malik said, "The position with us about a woman who is found to be pregnant and has no husband and she says, 'I was forced,' or she says, 'I was married,' is that it is not accepted from her and the hadd (punishment – eighty lashes, stoning etc) is inflicted on her unless she has a clear proof of what she claims about the marriage or that she was forced or she comes bleeding if she was a virgin or she calls out for help so that someone comes to her and she is in that state or what resembles it of the situation in which the violation occurred." He said, "If she does not produce any of those, the hadd is inflicted on her and what she claims of that is not accepted from her." Malik said, "A raped woman cannot marry until she has restored herself by three menstrual periods." He said, "If she doubts her periods, she does not marry until she has freed herself of that doubt."

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 41, Hadith 16 t was narrated from Aishah: that the messenger of Allah of said: “If I were to command anyone to prostrate to anyone else, I would have commanded women to prostrate to their husbands. If a man were to command his wife to move (something) from a red mountain to a black mountain, and from a black mountain to a red mountain, her duty is to obey to him.” َحدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَ ْك ر ْب ُن أَب ي َش ْيبَةَ، َحدَّثَنَا َعفَّا ُن، َحدَّثَنَا َح َّمادُ ْب ُن َسلَ َمةَ، َع ْن َع ل ي ْب ن َز ْي د ْب ن ُج ْد َعا َن، َع ْن َس عي د ْب ن ا ْل ُم َسيَّ ب، َع ْن َعائ َشةَ، أ َ َّن َر ُسو َل ا ََّّلل ـ صلى هللا عليه وسلم ـ قَا َل " لَ ْو أَ َم ْر ُت أَ َحدًا أَ ْن يَ ْس ُجدَ ألَ َح ٍد ألَ َم ْر ُت ا ْل َم ْرأَةَ أَ ْن تَ ْس ُجدَ ل َز ْو ج َها َولَ ْو أَ َّن َر ُجالً أَ َم َر ا ْم َرأَةً أَ ْن تَ ْن قُ َل م ْن َجبَ ٍل أَ ْح َم َر إ لَى َجبَ ٍل أَ ْس َودَ َو م ْن َجبَ ٍل أَ ْس َودَ إ لَى َجبَ ٍل أَ ْح َم َر - لَ َكا َن نَ ْولُ َها أَ ْن تَ ْفعَ َل " . Grade : Da'if (Darussalam)

English : Vol. 3, Book 9, Hadith 1852 reference Arabic : Book 9, Hadith 1925 reference

Narrated Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri: Who is the best among the people?" Allah's !(ﷺ) Somebody asked, "O Allah's Messenger replied "A believer who strives his utmost in Allah's Cause with his life (ﷺ) Messenger and property." They asked, "Who is next?" He replied, "A believer who stays in one of the mountain paths worshipping Allah and leaving the people secure from his mischief." َحدَّثَنَا أَبُو ا ْليَ َما ن، أَ ْخبَ َرنَا ُشعَ ْي ب، َع ن ال ُّز ْه ر ي ، قَا َل َحدَّثَن ي َع َطا ُء ْب ُن يَ زيدَ اللَّ ْيث ُّي، أَ َّن أَبَا َس عي ٍد ا ْل ُخ ْد ر َّي ـ رضى هللا عنه ـ َحدَّثَهُ قَا َل ق ي َل يَا َر ُسو َل ا ََّّلل ، أَ ُّى النَّا س أَ ْف َض ُل فَقَا َل َر ُسو ُل ا ََّّلل صلى هللا عليه وسلم " ُم ْؤ م ن يُ َجا هدُ ف ي َسب ي ل ا ََّّلل ب نَ ْف س ه َو َما ل ه ". قَالُوا ثُ َّم َم ْن قَا َل " ُم ْؤ م ن ف ي ش ْع ٍب م َن ال شعَا ب يَتَّ قي ا ََّّللَ، َويَدَعُ الن َّا َس م ْن َش ر ه ".

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 2786

In-book reference : Book 56, Hadith 5

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 4, Book 52, Hadith 45

(deprecated numbering scheme)

Narrated Abu Huraira: said, "A place in Paradise as small as a bow is better than all that on (ﷺ) The Prophet which the sun rises and sets (i.e. all the world)." He also said, "A single endeavor in Allah's Cause in the afternoon or in the forenoon is better than all that on which the sun rises and sets." َحدَّثَنَا إ ْب َرا هي ُم ْب ُن ا ْل ُم ْن ذ ر، َحدَّثَنَا ُم َح َّمدُ ْب ُن فُلَ ْيحٍ، قَا َل َحدَّثَن ي أَب ي، َع ْن هالَ ل ْب ن َع ل ي ٍ، َع ْن َع ْب د ال َّر ْح َم ن ْب ن أَب ي َع ْم َرةَ، َع ْن أَب ي ُه َر ْي َرةَ ـ رضى هللا عنه ـ َع ن النَّب ي صلى هللا عليه وسلم قَا َل "لَقَا ُب َق ْو ٍس في ا ْل َجنَّ ة َخ ْي ر م َّما تَ ْطلُ ُع َعلَ ْي ه ال َّش ْم ُس َوتَ ْغ ُر ُب ". َوقَا َل " لَغَ ْد َوة أَ ْو َر ْو َحة ف ي َسب ي ل ا ََّّلل َخ ْي ر م َّما تَ ْطلُ ُع َعلَ ْي ه ال َّش ْم ُس َوتَ ْغ ُر ُب ".

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 2793

In-book reference : Book 56, Hadith 11

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 4, Book 52, Hadith 51

(deprecated numbering scheme)

Narrated Abu Musa: and asked, "A man fights for war booty; another fights for (ﷺ) A man came to the Prophet fame and a third fights for showing off; which of them fights in Allah's Cause?" The said, "He who fights that Allah's Word (i.e. Islam) should be superior, fights in (ﷺ) Prophet Allah's Cause." َحدَّثَنَا ُسلَ ْي َما ُن ْب ُن َح ْر ٍب، َحدَّثَنَا ُش ْعبَةُ، َع ْن َع ْم ٍرو، َع ْن أَب ي َوائ ٍل، َع ْن أَب ي ُمو َسى ـ رضى هللا عنه ـ قَا َل َجا َء َر ُج ل إ لَى النَّب ي صلى هللا عليه وسلم فَقَا َل ال َّر ُج ُل يُقَات ُل ل ْل َم ْغنَ م، َوال َّر ُج ُل يُقَات ُل لل ذ ْك ر، َوال َّر ُج ُل يُقَات ُل ليُ َرى َم َكانُهُ، فَ َم ْن ف ي َسب ي ل ا ََّّلل قَا َل " َم ْن قَاتَ َل لتَ ُكو َن َك ل َمةُ ا ََّّلل ه َي ا ْلعُ ْليَا فَ ُه َو ف ي َسب ي ل ا ََّّلل ".

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 2810

In-book reference : Book 56, Hadith 26

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 4, Book 52, Hadith 65

(deprecated numbering scheme)

Narrated `Abdullah bin Abi `Aufa: ".said, "Know that Paradise is under the shades of swords (ﷺ) Allah's Messenger َحدَّثَنَا َع ْبدُ ا ََّّلل ْب ُن ُم َح َّم ٍد، َحدَّثَنَا ُمعَا ويَةُ ْب ُن َع ْم ٍرو، َحدَّثَنَا أَبُو إ ْس َحا َق، َع ْن ُمو َسى ْب ن ُع ْقبَةَ، َع ْن َسا ل ٍم أَب ي النَّ ْض ر، َم ْولَى ُع َم َر ْب ن ُعبَ ْي د ا ََّّلل َو َكا َن َكات بَهُ قَا َل َكتَ َب إ لَ ْي ه َع ْبدُ ا ََّّلل ْب ُن أَب ي أَ ْوفَى ـ رضى هللا عنهما ـ أَ َّن َر ُسو َل ا ََّّلل صلى هللا عليه وسلم قَا َل " َوا ْعلَ ُموا أَ َّن ا ْل َجنَّةَ تَ ْح َت ظالَ ل ال ُّسيُو ف ". تَابَعَهُ األُ َو ْي س ُّي َع ن ا ْب ن أَب ي ال زنَا د َع ْن ُمو َسى ْب ن ُع ْقبَة َ.

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 2818

In-book reference : Book 56, Hadith 34

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 4, Book 52, Hadith 73

(deprecated numbering scheme)

140) Chapter: If a man has enlisted himself in the army and then his wife goes out for Hajj (140) باب َم ن ا ْكتُت َب ف ي َج ْي ٍش فَ َخ َر َج ت ا ْم َرأَتُهُ َحا َّجةً َو َكا َن لَهُ ُع ْذ ر َه ْل يُ ْؤذَ ُن لَه ُ Narrated Ibn `Abbas: saying, "It is not permissible for a man to be alone with a (ﷺ) That he heard the Prophet woman, and no lady should travel except with a Muhram (i.e. her husband or a person whom she cannot marry in any case for ever; e.g. her father, brother, etc.)." Then a man I have enlisted in the army for such-and-such !(ﷺ) got up and said, "O Allah's Messenger said, "Go, and (ﷺ) Ghazwa and my wife is proceeding for Hajj." Allah's Messenger perform the Hajj with your wife." َحدَّثَنَا قُتَ ْيبَةُ ْب ُن َس عي ٍد، َحدَّثَنَا ُس ْفيَا ُن، َع ْن َع ْم ٍرو، َع ْن أَب ي َم ْعبَ ٍد، َع ن ا ْب ن َعبَّا ٍس ـ رضى هللا عنهما ـ أَنَّهُ َس م َع النَّب َّي صلى هللا عليه وسلم يَقُو ُل " الَ يَ ْخلُ َو َّن َر ُج ل ب ا ْم َرأَةٍ، َوالَ تُ َساف َر َّن ا ْم َرأَة إ الَّ َو َمعَ َها َم ْح َر م ". فَقَا َم َر ُج ل فَقَا َل يَا َر ُسو َل ا ََّّلل ، ا ْكتُت ْب ُت ف ي َغ ْز َوة َكذَا َو َكذَا، َو َخ َر َج ت ا ْم َرأَت ي َحا َّجة ً. قَا َل " ا ْذ َه ْب فَ ُح َّج َم َع ا ْم َرأَت َك ".

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 3006

In-book reference : Book 56, Hadith 215

USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 4, Book 52, Hadith 250

(deprecated numbering scheme)

making the formal language of Australia the CHALLENGES FACED BY MOSQUES MAJOR FINDINGS most frequently used and widely accepted AND NEW SOUTH WALES | MOSQUES OF SYDNEY 11 language in NSW mosques. Nevertheless, • When mosques struggle with availability of English was most oten accompanied by a space, accommodating for the involvement of second ethnic language from the dominant women in the congregational prayers becomes ethnic representation in the mosque. a secondary priority as it is not a religious obligation for them to attend. At present, a • Friday congregations are formed large number of mosques struggle with space, predominantly by men. On average, females particularly on Fridays. form only 7% of the mosque congregation. The number of females attending mosques • Only 40% of the mosques in NSW have a full- on a daily basis was also far less compared to time . Mosques that are connected to a men. The main reason for low participation of supporting institution are more likely to have a women is that Friday prayer is compulsory for full-time imam. Full-time are on average men while it is optional for women. However, more qualified compared with part-time unpaid in some mosques, women make up as much imams. as 30% of the mosque congregation. Women’s • Imams are generally educated overseas largely participation in the activities of the mosque because of the fact that, until recently, Islamic increases significantly during the month of higher education was not available in Australia. Ramadan and major events, such as the Eid Typically, the qualifications of the imam are prayers. from an institution located in the country of • Over half (56%) of the mosques indicated their own ethnic background or from countries having female representation in the mosque and institutions that are famous for their committee and 66% deliver religious classes Islamic studies programs, such as Egypt, Saudi to women on a weekly basis. This indicates, Arabia and Turkey. although women participate less frequently in • Mosques leaders and imams are exposed to a the Friday and daily congregational prayers, wide range of social issues (such as marriage they are nevertheless actively involved with the and parenting problems), which requires mosque. them to operate as social workers as well as • Most of NSW mosques are involved in either religious advisors. Imams are stretched and interfaith dialogue or open days to invite overwhelmed with the volume and diversity non-Muslims to the mosque, indicating that of problems they have to negotiate. Although mosques are involved with the wider society their grounding in Islamic disciplines and their and are willing to communicate and exchange extensive experience greatly helps, having ideas. support and additional training in counselling and social work would dramatically improve • The majority of mosque leaders feel Australian their efectiveness. Muslims should participate in Australia’s civic institutions and participate in the political • Although there are various peak Muslim bodies, process. there is no single institution that has attracted the membership of all the mosques in NSW. • Most mosque leaders identify their regular This represents a communication challenge participants as being moderately religious and a barrier in dealing with religious and (84%) and actively discourage the spread of social issues concerning the entire community. extremist views inside the mosque. • Mosque leaders are concerned about • Mosque leaders are satisfied with the current extremism among a minority group of Muslims rate of youth involvement (64%). Most mosques in the community. They identify this group as (74%) have at least one person between the being problematic in creating misconceptions ages of 18-34 in the committee and 48% of the and stereotypes about the Muslim community mosques reported having a youth group. in the eyes of the media and wider Australian MOSQUES OF SYDNEY AND NEW SOUTH WALES RESEARCH REPORT 2014 Husnia Underabi • Mosques collect charity from their Friday MAJOR FINDINGS GENERAL STATISTICS | MOSQUES OF SYDNEY AND NEW SOUTH WALES | MOSQUES OF SYDNEY congregations and regular participants in the 10 • In total, there are 167 Islamic places of worship form of annual alms (zakat), annual charity in NSW, 82 of which are open for the Friday and sacrifice (qurban) and Ramadan charity (fitr). five daily prayers. The majority of the remaining These funds are channelled to aid humanitarian 85 Islamic places of worship ofer only some of problems within and outside Australia directly the five daily prayers or indirectly. • NSW’s mosques are relatively recent religious • There is an identifiable shit in the ethnic institutions with the majority being built in the composition of mosque congregations. While in last four decades. The increase in the number the earlier decades mosques primarily served of mosques in NSW corresponds with census one ethnic group, almost all mosques in NSW figures for the Muslim community showing display a multi-ethnic composition. However, steady increases since the beginning of the the dominance of certain ethnic groups in the 1970s. composition of the regular mosque attendees • While the earliest mosques in NSW were built in and members of the mosque committee the inner-city suburbs of Sydney, the majority prevails. (62%) are now located in the western suburbs • About half (48%) of the mosques did not of Sydney. Most of the mosques located outside consider the imam to be the leader of the Sydney (14%) have been built in the past two mosque. The employment status of the imam decades. did not make significance. • From the 50 mosques surveyed in this report, • In 90% of the cases, the management it was established that, in total, approximately committee has a major influence over the 22000 Muslims visit the mosque on a daily mosque and its afairs. It has either complete basis, 35000 visit for Friday prayers where they control (30%) or a shared arrangement of are required to listen to a mosque sermon leadership with the imam (60%). In shared and 63000 participate in annual festive (Eid) arrangements, the management committee prayers. controls the funds, administration and • Mosques in general are understafed and program of activities of the mosque, while the managed primarily by volunteers. imam runs religious services and educational programs.

REFLECTION ON TRENDS AND • There is a correlation between the mosque’s management committee and the vitality of PATTERNS OBSERVED IN THIS STUDY the mosque. The stronger and more active the • The prime function of mosques in NSW is the management committee, the more services provision of a place of worship for Muslims to and activities are ofered to the community. fulfil their religious obligations and the delivery In a small number of cases where the mosque of religious education in the form of children’s, did not have a management committee, the women’s and men’s religious studies and mosque was a quiet place with no activities Qur’an classes. Mosques in NSW also perform taking place except the five daily prayers. the function of community centres where social • Imams fell into all age brackets from 20 to activities are organised and important Islamic over 60. Almost half of the imams (47%) are events are celebrated. This is particularly the younger than 40 years of age indicating a case during Ramadan when the community young generation of imams is the beginning to gathers to share break-of-the-fast meals emerge in NSW’s mosques. Most of the younger itar ( ), sometimes inviting non-Muslims to join generation of imams are also fluent in English. and participate in special Ramadan prayers (tarawih). • The language that is most frequently used in the delivery of Friday sermons is English, community. Mosque leaders monitor their | MOSQUES OF SYDNEY AND NEW SOUTH WALES | MOSQUES OF SYDNEY mosques to ensure these individuals do not 12 spread their ideologies inside the mosque. • Approximately half of the mosques faced resistance and opposition from the local community when first being built. This represents an ongoing concern and challenge as the numbers of Muslims attending mosques are increasing and mosques struggle with space in accommodating for their increased numbers. There is no evidence to indicate that opposition to mosque building will reduce in the foreseeable future. • It is common for mosques to experience vandalism, but these attacks are not always traceable to . • Only a handful of very large mosques have full-time staf other than the imam. This significantly reduces a mosque’s ability to provide vital community services to the Muslim- Australian population.

HISTORY AND GROWTH OF The number of mosques in NSW is continuing to | MOSQUES OF SYDNEY AND NEW SOUTH WALES | MOSQUES OF SYDNEY increase. Only 4% of the mosques in this study

22 MOSQUES IN NSW were built in the past four years. However, this Most of the mosques in NSW were built in the past does not encapsulate the full extent of the growth. three decades. The largest increase in the number During this study, three mosques that were built of mosques was experienced between 1990 and BASIC CHARACTERISTICS in the past two decades were undergoing a major 2010. Approximately 64% of mosques were built reconstruction process to turn what may have during this period been small prayer halls into major mosques (Images 1, 2 and 3).

8% Before 1970 Year of establishment % 1970 to 1979 12

12% 1980 to 1989 31%

33%

1990 to 1999

4%

2000 to 2010

ater 2010 CONCLUSION

The main purpose of this report was to identify mosques provide significant access to religiously the nature and characteristics of the mosques in active Muslims and influence their understanding AND NEW SOUTH WALES | MOSQUES OF SYDNEY 49 NSW, rather than identify problems and propose of Islam through Friday sermons and educational solutions. A number of other interesting facts and programs. Once again, this is severely hindered by patterns have also emerged from this research. a lack of support and funding. Mosques in NSW are not just places of worship; This report illustrates that mosques in Sydney and they are community centres that serve a wide NSW are very dynamic places where the Muslim range of needs in the Muslim community. While community is providing and funding religious and some mosques simply ofer a place of prayer, community services for a very large section of the rest and relaxation for the exhausted worker Muslim community. With more financial resources during their lunch break, others are places where and support, the social and psychological needs students gather to socialise and individuals and of the Muslim minority population in NSW can groups organise interfaith dialogue with their be dramatically improved. This report provides non-Muslim neighbours. For some Muslims, precedence for NSW mosques to be viewed as mosques are places where they feel safe to bring community centres that can be of assistance in their children to receive religious education and, creating productive members of society. in some cases, bring their family and marriage problems with the hope of resolution. A group of individuals may come to the mosque to learn about Islam while others simply come to pray and socialise with their friends by participating in the activities organised by the mosque, such as camping trips and social outings. Mosque designs and facilities provision are not always suitable for providing a wide range of services. In considering the diversity of functions that the mosque serves, the imam is required to serve as a religious leader in prayer rituals, provide spiritual care as well as undertake social work. Imams are overworked and underpaid, and in some cases not paid at all due to funding shortages in mosques. Faced with the responsibility to deal with a wide range of social and psychological issues, imams are usually stretched and overwhelmed, assuming the role of a social worker or counsellor at times. While most of the imams in NSW have ample qualifications to deal with questions and issues of a religious nature, additional training and skills in social and psychological areas would dramatically increase their efectiveness. Most mosque leaders encourage the view that Australian-Muslims should participate in Australia’s civic institutions and the political process. As such, they can potentially play or may be playing an important role in encouraging active citizenship among the regular participants and congregation in the mosques. Muslim leaders and imams view religious extremism as a problem and they feel they are working hard to deal with it. Well-established Mosque development Q&A The proposed development of Bendigo’s first mosque has caused some misunderstanding in the community. Many claims have been made that FACTS ABOUT are simply untrue. The City of Greater Bendigo is taking this opportunity THE MOSQUE to respond to some of the frequently asked questions.

Q Why is a mosque being built in Bendigo? Shared facilities are a great way to give the Zone (LDRZ).There are no plans in the new community better access to facilities with less Residential Development Strategy to increase A The mosque will provide a place for Bendigo’s duplication. The City supports the development residential densities in the area zoned Low Muslim community to meet and pray. It will of such infrastructure that will provide greater Density Residential near the mosque site. include two prayer halls, classrooms, sports opportunity for people to improve their health Most importantly, the East Bendigo Structure hall, café, library and ofices, and will be built and wellbeing. Plan, adopted by the Council and which forms in stages. The Victorian Charter for Human part of the planning scheme, discourages Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 states every Q Will there be a call to prayer? intensification of housing development on this person has the right to freedom of religion and LDRZ land because it forms part of the racehorse the freedom to demonstrate their religion as A The minaret – a tall, slim tower on a mosque precinct near the Bendigo Racecourse. part of a community. that typically broadcasts the call to prayer – Not allowing the mosque to be built based on included as part of the mosque’s design is only symbolic. Condition 26 of the planning permit Q But isn’t Haven; Home, Safe (non-proit, religious prejudice would be unconstitutional. emergency housing organisation) Section 116 of the Australian Constitution states approved by VCAT also prevents any noise, including a call to prayer, extending beyond the planning a major development near the the Commonwealth shall not...prohibit the free mosque site? exercise of any religion... boundaries of the property. A No. Haven; Home, Safe (HHS) has rejected any Q Why was the community not consulted, and all such claims as false and baseless. HHS Q How many Muslims are there in Greater particularly neighbouring residents? has neither the capacity nor funds to undertake Bendigo? a building program of such magnitude. HHS is A They were. Notices were sent to 63 owners and A There are approximately 300 Muslim people a homelessness service and afordable housing occupiers in the area around the site for the in Greater Bendigo, many of whom work as provider. The organisation assists the homeless, mosque inviting comment on the application. medical professionals, academics, engineers people at risk or in housing crisis, and owns or A public notice was also placed on the site. and business people. For the past 20 years manages fewer than 300 properties in Bendigo. the local Muslim community has had access All submissions/comments were carefully to a room at LaTrobe University that holds considered in the evaluation process in accordance with the procedures and decision- Q Is the construction of the mosque approximately 40 people. On Fridays they due to the recent Federal Government access a larger room to allow more people making guidelines set out in Victorian planning law. announcement that Australia will (approximately 70) to attend midday prayer. increase the number of refugees it takes Q Will the Council accrue increased rate from Syria? Q Who purchased the land where the revenue from the mosque? A There is no link between the Council’s decision mosque will be built? to approve the mosque development and the A No rate revenue will be collected on the A The Australian Islamic Mission purchased the mosque. Once constructed, the mosque will be Federal Government’s recent decision to allow 5.2 acre property. For more information on the deemed to be non-rateable as is the case for all refugees from Syria to come to Australia. The Australian Islamic Mission visit www.aim.org.au places of worship. decision on the mosque was made in June 2014, over a year before the Federal Government’s Q What is the City of Greater Bendigo’s announcement. Q Why won’t the Council allow a public interest in the mosque? vote on the mosque? A The City of Greater Bendigo is the responsible Q What is the Safe Haven Enterprise Visa A This would achieve nothing. VCAT has ruled in planning authority for planning matters. The Scheme and is it connected to the favour of the proposal and ordered that a permit decision to build a mosque? mosque needed to be considered under the be granted. There is no legal mechanism for planning rules. This is the City’s only decision such a decision to be overturned as a result of A The Safe Haven Enterprise Visa Scheme (SHEV) making power relating to the mosque. It has no a local vote at this stage in the process. There is a Federal Government initiative that is not other direct or financial interest in the mosque, are sound practical and legal reasons why such yet available. Currently, the State and Federal nor do any of the Councillors or staf involved in planning matters should not and cannot be Government are discussing if Victoria will opt the decision making process. decided by popular vote. The Council deals with into the scheme. The Municipal Association of such matters as a daily occurrence and people Victoria has asked all rural and regional councils Q Will the mosque be the biggest in the already have rights as part of the planning to indicate if they are willing to be part of the southern hemisphere, with a capacity to process. scheme, should Victoria opt in. accommodate at least 2,000 people? There are currently 9,605 refugees in Victoria that would be eligible for a SHEV. Should the A The conditions on the planning permit limit Q But aren’t most people in Bendigo the capacity to a maximum of 375 people. opposed to the development of a State Government opt into the scheme and The development is modest in terms of other mosque? should any SHEV holders elect to come to Bendigo, they would need to have work or mosque buildings in Australia. At this stage, A There has been no oficial/credible polling the City has not received any planning permit study arrangements in place and organise or surveys undertaken of Greater Bendigo accommodation. There are a number of local applications or enquiries for other mosques to residents on this topic. Thirteen objectors be built in the municipality. organisations that form the Settlement Network appealed to VCAT to overturn the Council’s that would be able to assist should SHEV holders decision to allow a mosque to be built. Of these move to Bendigo. Q What if the hours of operation for the 13 objectors, two people have taken their case mosque change in the future? to the Court of Appeal, an arm of the Supreme Court, which is yet to determine an outcome. Q Why doesn’t the City of Greater Bendigo A The Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal ban the anti-mosque rallies Bendigo is (VCAT) has approved the hours of operation experiencing? for the mosque. Any proposal to change the Q Is a residential (22,000 homes) currently operating hours would require planning consent underway behind the mosque site? A The Victorian Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 allows for people to and would be considered on its merits and in A No. There is no suitable or available land accordance with decision-making guidelines. conduct a protest and protects their right to around the mosque site to accommodate a freedom of expression. In accordance with the housing development on the scale claimed. The Charter, the City does not have the ability to Q Why will additional facilities such as land around the mosque site is zoned either refuse access to open public space. In some a sports hall be built? Can’t they use Industrial 1 or Low Density Residential and cases, some open public space areas require community facilities that are already any large-scale development would require an a permit for use but if the application to use built? amendment to the Greater Bendigo Planning the space meets all requirements then the City Scheme, which would be costly, take several A The facilities will be available for wider cannot refuse the permit. The City does not community use too. As the City grows, we will years and have no guarantee of meeting the invite these rallies to take place and it is the need more facilities for the community. Schools requisites for residential development. responsibility of the organisers to ensure a rally or churches are also sharing their facilities with High density residential development is is conducted peacefully and in accordance with the wider community when they are not in use. not permitted in a Low Density Residential the Charter.

Ph: 5434 6000 | www.bendigo.vic.gov.au |

THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Faculty of the Built Environment Planning and Urban Development Program

The Development and Land Use Impacts of Local Mosques

Hassan Mourad 3023391

A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Bachelor of Planning Degree

Supervisor: Dr. Susan Thompson

The Development and Land Use Impacts of Local Mosques

Abstract

Through globalisation, Western nations have in recent decades experienced high levels of immigration which have contributed to the development of new cultural landscapes previously unimaginable. Muslims have played a major role in this transformation. Their presence through the gradual use and characterization of space is manifest in the urban built environment.

The high growth rates of Muslims in Australia has been mirrored with a significant rise in the number of applications seeking approval for the development of mosques. However, on many occasions, mosque proponents have been met with strong opposition.

This thesis explores the land use impacts of this type of development in Sydney. Three Local Government Areas (LGA’s) were selected as case studies, based on the number of Muslims residing in the LGA and the presence of an established mosque which already serves the people.

An analysis of the findings is then used to develop recommendations that accommodate this land use in a responsive manner while providing positive planning outcomes. Such outcomes can be implemented in the decision making process by local council’s in dealing with the multitude of opposing factors which confront the town planning discipline.

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The Development and Land Use Impacts of Local Mosques

Chapter 1 - Introduction

“Imagine – and it is very difficult for those who have not experienced the world of the colonized – the effect that outside forces, over a relatively short period of time, can have on the transformation of the whole of the relations that make up urban space, including its sacred geography and unquestioned givens of the way things are in cities. Imagine, not only one building being constructed on an alien , but an entire system of urban life in its economic, political, and symbolic-cultural forms being imposed upon already existing towns and cities that have been organized on quite different bases.” (Gilsenan, 1982: 195)

This thesis explores the development of mosques and the subsequent impacts this land use has on the surrounding built environment. The mosque’s wider role as a land use in its own right and the relationships that evolve in connection with the broader community need to be considered given the mosque in Islamic societies, as an entity fulfils a monumental role in all facets of life for Muslims.

Research Context Prior to the formal abolition of the White Australia Policy by the Whitlam Government in 1972, Australia grew demographically through large-scale European immigration. With the immigration intake from traditional countries such as the United Kingdom, Ireland and Northern Europe declining and the high demand for labour, Australia was prompted to review its immigration policies to allow for a broader range of migrants (Bouma, 1994). This policy shift saw migration take off resulting in the most significant migration and settlement of Muslims to Australia commencing in 1971 and thereafter. Since then, the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS, 2001) show that there has been a steady wave of immigration by Muslims to Australia.

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The Development and Land Use Impacts of Local Mosques

Muslims as with all other religious groups comprise of individuals from different countries, ethnicities, traditions, customs, cultures and demographics. However, they all identify and share commonly held ideologies in terms of practices and beliefs which form the basis of their religious affiliation.

Australia as a progressive nation affirms itself as being a host to multiculturalism and ‘fair-go’ ideals. In theory these principles would be underpinning factors in creating a united and cohesive society. In the context, as Maussen suggests “a multicultural society the interpretation of moral principles and of social norms requires that one always takes into account the significance of broader socio-economic and power inequalities and the meaning of specific cultural practices for individuals or groups” (Maussen, 2004: 148).

From an urban planning perspective, the recognition of Muslims and their long-term presence and role in the Australian urban landscape lends itself to question how planning processes and regulations have in the past and are currently dealing with religious and spiritual institutions. Research undertaken by Dunn (2001) regarding mosque development in Sydney has revolved around multiculturalism, representations of Islam and the politics surrounding mosque development. The adoption of queer-theory concepts of citation, repetition, sedimentation and troubling (Dunn, 2005) are used to deconstruct stereotypes and positions of Anglo-Celtics as opposed to proponents of this type of land use. The significance placed on such places of worship for Muslims is fundamental in understanding the reasons behind Muslim communities as well as other faiths for that matter in securing space to cater for their spiritual and material needs.

Problem Statement In recent times, the Islamic religion in Australia has doubled in each consecutive decade from the 1980’s to the present. This significant increase in the number of people affirming themselves with Islam has and is further likely to see the number of places of worship to increase. Since the 1980’s, mosques and Islamic Centres (30 in total), proposed within Sydney have come to face community unrest and opposition (Dunn,

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The Development and Land Use Impacts of Local Mosques

2005). This has left councils with the difficult task of attempting to deal and resolve the issues raised by opponents to this land use. There currently exists a wide array of literature on places of worship relating to their proposed development and the issues that arise during the stages of the development assessment process. However, little weight is afforded to the functional capacity and land use impacts of local mosques in the context of Sydney’s urban environment after initial planning approval is given.

Objectives Muslims view mosques as crucial to their day to day activities. In recent times, we have seen an increase in the number of development applications seeking approval for places of worship, which adds weight for the need to explore the development and subsequent impacts of this land use on the surrounding built environment. Hence, the objectives central to this research are to:

• Undertake a historical review of places of worship relating to Islam in Australia and how this has changed over time. • Analyse the land use impacts arising from this form of development in other Western nations. • Examine the role of the planner and other stakeholders during the course of assessment of formal development applications (DA) and the difficulties and issues they come across. • Discuss the various obstacles proponents seeking approval for places of public worship are confronted with and the reasons that give rise to such issues. • Provide a detailed overview of the physical aspects of mosques. • Provide an evaluation of the functions of this land use by looking at case studies involving places of worship that are currently operating and discuss how and who this land use affects. • Examine council policies and regulations to determine the level of appropriateness of the requirements set out in Council’s planning instruments.

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The Development and Land Use Impacts of Local Mosques

2001 census. A total of 281 600 people indicated they were of Muslim faith comprising of 1.5 per cent of the total population. This was a 40.2 per cent change making Muslims the third largest religious group in Australia behind Christians and Buddhists.

This expansion of the Islamic faith in Australia has had flow on effects in the area of a place to worship and the utilization of space by this religious group. The use of existing building[s] and or newly built buildings for the purpose of operating a mosque have also experienced a considerable rise. In 1994, Bouma (1994) notes there being fifty-seven mosques in Australia with the first mosque in Sydney formed in late 1966 using two terrace houses in Surry Hills on the site of the present King Faisal Mosque. To date, there are approximately 100 mosques (AFIC: 2006) around Australia which represents close to a hundred percent increase in the number of mosques over the past 12 years. This does not include prayer halls or other facilities or areas which may be used to conduct prayers as Islam permits prayers to be undertaken in any space as long as this space is clean.

This change of land use, whether it has been the conversion of an existing building or the development of a new building to accommodate Muslims, has in a majority of cases not resulted in a smooth process for proponents of this form of development. Since the 1980’s the thirty mosques and Islamic centres proposed including major renovations within Sydney have encountered community opposition and difficulties from local councils (Dunn, 2005: 30). The sectarian diversity of Islam combined with the diverse composition of Muslims within Australia has added to the rapid expansion of the number of mosques in Sydney. Also, given that the nine LGAs of the 45 in Sydney accommodate 72.34 per cent of all Sydney Muslims, the building of mosques and the associated impacts have been the most pressing (Dunn, 2005: 30). Hence, the role of mosques in the settlement process (during and after settlement) of Muslims in Australia can be viewed as being an important element.

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The Development and Land Use Impacts of Local Mosques

Chapter 5: Results and Analysis

Introduction This chapter compares and evaluates the findings of the three case studies in relation to the research questions. In particular, this chapter outlines the themes and issues raised within each LGA and discusses the factors influencing this type of development and the flow on effects it has. In light of the findings, the four main themes identified in the study revolved around religion, community, service provision and land use planning.

Religion Ayatullah Mutahhery et al define religion as being “an all round movement in the light of faith in Allah (God) and a sense of responsibility for the reformation of thoughts and beliefs, for the promotion of high principles of morality, establishment of good relations among members of society and the elimination of every sort of undue discrimination” (Mutahhery, 1977: 22). This carried further entitles the individual with the right, irrespective of their faith, nationality to co-exist within a community accepting of diversity. Such diversity is manifest in everyday Australian society although this tends to be concentrated in particular areas. Diversity in terms of religious affiliation as shown in the data presented in Figure 4.1 indicates that those of the Muslim faith have generally tended to reside in areas where other Muslims also live.

A key question posed/put forward in chapter One of this thesis asked why do individuals choose to reside in close proximity to mosques? Obviously, the primary objective of mosques as stated by mosque representative # 3 is to “provide religious services, above all”. This response is similar to the answer given by mosque representative # 1 who commented “It is a place of worship and solace and is central to many people who reside in the surrounding suburbs”. Mosque Representative # 1 further added “people tend to live in one locality due to the high percentage of people from their own ethnic background. They share a lot in their cultural habits and religious values”,

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The Development and Land Use Impacts of Local Mosques

And:

“People seek comfort in commonality and convenience besides being drawn to their own kind. I guess it makes them closer to their religion and provides some kind of sanctuary for some”.

The issue of location and convenience was raised amongst all three interviewees; “I find it difficult when I have to travel all the way from Castle Hill to Auburn to worship and it’s a lot of trouble. That’s why when people find their places to live, they want to be near the mosque (Mosque Representative # 3). Mosque Representative # 2 held the same view; “Location and convenience would have to be the main reasons”. The local council planners also held similar views as observed by Planner # 3 “people like to live near people they know and/or who have similar backgrounds”. It is clear that centrality and convenience are influential factors in the choice Muslims make as to where they will reside. The importance of the mosque to worshipers and Muslims in general is emphasized. Discussion associated with religion evidently brought to head the issue of ethnicity. These two are intertwined in many respects in the sense that the ethnic background will play a major role in determining the location of residency. As noted earlier in the profiles of each local Council area, each LGA has a relatively high percentage of persons from NESB. The concept of ‘commonality’ provides those of the same faith with a sense of community and security. This can however give rise to social issues regarding the integration of these minority groups into the broader community rather than remaining isolated. The findings present a feeling of consensus among interviewees regarding the reasons related to individuals residing in close proximity to mosques. Given this consensus, it is likely this settlement pattern is set to continue with further increases of those of the same minority faiths residing close to one another and their place of worship.

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The Development and Land Use Impacts of Local Mosques

Community The Muslim community has enhanced the debate in Australian society about the interests of minority groups, which have often had their needs and opinions ignored by mainstream society. Australian Muslims have asserted their desire to be treated equally and to be free from negative stereotypes (Saeed, 2004: 9). In relation to places of worship, negative stereotypes still exist as shown in the Annangrove prayer centre proposal. In general though, local council and in particular those with higher percentages of ethnic minorities have moved forward by acknowledging the presence of the culturally diverse community through the preparation of plans such as social/cultural plans. The theme of community is closely related to that of religion. All three mosques reviewed were built solely through the efforts and capital invested by the local community:

“This mosque was put together by donation, so there is no government intervention, there is a lot of donations from the community….” (Mosque Representative # 3).

The ‘community’ referred to above indicates that it is the people with an interest in the mosque and is not related to the broader community. These places will impact on the surrounding environment due to the relationships that are created by the community with the mosque. In addition, other stakeholders with no direct affiliation with the mosque may be inadvertently affected by this land use through things such as parking congestion during worship times, noise impacts and a loss of amenity.

The relationships between each local council and the mosque were also explored to determine whether contact between the two occurs not only when a building or development approval is required. The responses differed between each Council. Mosque Representative # 2 (and Council # 2) has regular contact with Council members as well as working together during the month of Ramadan and other special events. The mosque is also a part of a Festival Committee run by the Council, which organizes a festival every year. In contrast, the relationship between Mosque # 3 and Council # 3 is minimal:

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The Development and Land Use Impacts of Local Mosques

Service Provision

Planning for social service provision is today heavily connected with religion. Almost all major charities across Australia claim some affinity with a religious organization. According to AAP, quoting BRW, religion run charities “generated almost $23 billion in 2004, with the Catholic Church turning over almost two-thirds of that, an investigation by BRW magazine found. It estimates the not-for-profit sector is worth $70 billion a year” (AAP, 2005)

The Muslim community considers their religious establishments as the nucleus to their day to day activities providing on-going support via educational programs, social activities (i.e. special events/festivals to celebrate or commemorate particular occasions) as well as providing assistance in resolving personal and family matters. The level of the current provision of services undertaken at each of the mosques varied. The biggest constraint in the provision of services for all three mosque surveyed was the issue of funding which is essential in the operation of some of the services. Many of those involved in the mosque do so on a voluntary basis. These human factors reduce the costs involved, however other things such as materials do need to be accounted for:

“…there are financial constraints in relation to the youth centre. We are in need of further finances to complete the youth centre” (Mosque Representative # 2).

This was also the case in the construction of Auburn Gallipoli Mosque which took 13 years to complete, again largely to the construction costs coming from community donations. Despite this constraint, the mosques have managed to establish and operate social services that are accessible by the whole community and not restricted to those of the Muslim faith. The most important service mentioned above all by the mosque respondents was that of spiritual worship. There are many components that contribute to achieving spiritual enlightenment and guidance in the Islamic faith and it is the mosque

57 The Development and Land Use Impacts of Local Mosques

that plays a key role in this. Services including counseling, divorce, marriage, death and burial services and educational programs were all mentioned as being integral in the day to day operations of the mosque.

The Imam Hasan Centre (known as Annangrove Mosque prior to approval) is a good example of this. The centre has now been running for two years and since that time has a host of programs that both genders and people of other faiths can participate in. The centre runs a regular service for women to receive health check ups as well as organizing screening tests to detect for early signs of breast cancer. This has been a success and is strongly encouraged as Muslim women have the highest rate of breast cancer due to the lack of education in this community on the issue. Mosques therefore also function as a key service provider in local communities.

The direct and indirect impacts of these places of worship can be evaluated by the benefits and disadvantages they will have on the surrounding environment. For example, the construction of a youth centre will encourage youth to participate and have a greater input in their local community. This may also have the effect of reducing loitering with less youth loitering in the streets as well as giving something back to the community. In contrast this may result in loss of amenity to surrounding residents because of the operating hours of the youth centre, despite Council controls defining the operating hours. From my experience at Blacktown Council, this is not uncommon, as surrounding residents lodge complaints as soon as they feel their amenity has been disrupted. Rather than approach the operators, residents complain to Council which begins a process of investigation and in many cases results in a waste of Council resources as Council seldom takes further actions such the issuing of fines.

58 The Development and Land Use Impacts of Local Mosques

“….a primary school has been developed and is running classes from K to 6. It caters for religious education, Arabic and the usual curriculum. Another service that is relatively new is a morgue and washroom for dead bodies” (Mosque Representative # 1)

And:

“A youth centre a few doors down from the mosque is currently under construction. We have also recently purchased property behind the mosque with a view to joining it to other lands owned by us for the purposes of building a school” (Mosque Representative # 2)

And:

“We are trying to build a childcare centre that will service the greater community where people will leave their kids for care while they go to work… we are also thinking of building a gymnasium primarily aimed at the younger generation to bring them to the mosque” (Mosque Representative # 3).

The findings show the Muslim population in general has established themselves within their locality with mosques attempting to provide additional services and facilities for each respective community. This does have implications on the surrounding areas and it is here that the local authority has a role in managing the type of development that is undertaken.

First and foremost, the multicultural reality of contemporary Australia necessitates recognition of the rights of different groups within society to utilize space provided they are not in breach of the law. Proponents of mosque development have used this point to argue and justify such developments (Dunn, 2004). It has been illustrated in Chapter 3, the contentious nature these religious institutions have on the surrounding community.

60 The Development and Land Use Impacts of Local Mosques

“Given issues of parking, traffic and sometimes of noise generation, especially on weekends, the location of places of worship in industrial areas is a good idea as it reduces potential conflict between uses. Placing them in residential areas, near to where people live, is also a good idea.” (Planner # 3)

Indifference is again shown in the above comment. It does not address the problems and issues that arise from such land uses. Places of worship seem to be simply another land use to planner, and little consideration is given to the associated implications this land use can have in both the short and long term.

Conclusion Religious institutions provide a venue for people to gather and publicly worship and fulfill their religious obligations. From the research it is evident the significance local Muslim communities place on their places of worship, which act as a pillar of support in addition to providing their spiritual needs. In turn, the findings have also revealed the importance for planners to be aware of the diversity of issues that are present in their locality. The following chapter will conclude the thesis and provide recommendations for planners and the broader community on how to manage this land use. Opportunities for further research are also identified given the changing nature and composition of our cities.

62 The Development and Land Use Impacts of Local Mosques

schools associated with the mosque have greater impacts on their surroundings than others.

(4) Land Use Planning: The study revealed a lack of systematic planning policies in place and indifference from planners towards differentiating and planning for mosques. This raises concerns given one of the roles of planners is to engage their communities to ensure positive outcomes are achieved.

In contemporary Australia, places of worship are the ultimate expression of a community’s culture and individualism. Both planners and planning processes need to take into account the cultural needs of the various groups in society and accommodate these. Caution must be taken therefore, with any such emotional actions.

The research findings show that a lack of indifference and responsiveness from planners regarding the development of places of worship. They are viewed as simply another land use to planners but to communities, they are an outlet for a diverse cultural group, while also functioning as a service provider where government cannot or will not provide the required services. Despite the current laws and policies in place, a lack of understanding and difference still exists between stakeholders. It would appear that there is a need for greater community consultation and communication.

Mosques for Muslims serve a major role in ensuring cohesiveness in Australian society. Conflicting interests do arise as is the case with other land uses. Planners are to ensure a balance is achieved between the desire to protect the needs of established residents and the needs of the growing religious groups to express their religious beliefs. This does present significant challenges for planners during the planning for place of worship, in particular in trying to determine whose interest should be considered and addressed.

64 The Development and Land Use Impacts of Local Mosques

Planners need to be aware of the diversity of issue surrounding the local governments in which they work because the notion of public interest is dynamic and increasingly problematic as minority groups become excluded from the policy making process.

Other obstacles relate to objections by the public and a lack of knowledge by local governments towards the needs of minority groups. In many cases, Muslim groups have felt frustrated at the expense and time involved in processing development applications, which have led to court battles between local governments and the applicant illustrated in the ‘Annangrove Mosque’ proposal. In the case studies presented, each local government provides recognition to the diverse elements of their communities in their cultural and or social plans as well as working together in some instance with the different groups to overcome and resolve issues that may arise. However, a point worth noting was that during the interview process undertaken, the planners were reluctant to provide responses to some of the questions put forward. This possibly could have been because they wanted to appear as being politically correct rather than discussing the realty of the impacts of such developments. One of the planners interviewed did state that Council was assured at the time that the facility would only serve the local community, however this has not been the reality (Planner # 2).

Recommendations On the basis of the research and analysis in the preceding chapters it is apparent that there is an indifference to the provision of places of worship evident through the lack of policies in place to accommodate their development. Given the role places of worship have in our contemporary multicultural societies there is a need for planners and other stakeholders to consider their impacts both in the short and long term. The following recommendations have been developed to manage this land use while providing positive planning outcomes. The recommendations include:

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Print Email Facebook Twitter More TOP STORIES Live: George Brandis 'throws Joe Hockey under a bus' Bendigomosque appeal request thrown out by High 'Bucket of s***': Noel Pearson Court abuse claims surface Coalition settles on 15 per cent Updated 15 Jun 2016, 3:31am backpacker tax compromise A request to hear an appeal by opponents of Thousands of Chinese buyers may be forced to sell units as Bendigo's first mosque has been thrown out by bank noose tightens the High Court. Antiseptic used in WWI could hold key to treating superbugs Two Bendigo residents have been fighting the (photos) planned mosque, arguing the Bendigo City Council How important are your first failed in their legal obligations to fully consider the 1,000 days on Earth? social effects of the building. Fears Prakash will radicalise prison inmates in Australia The pair took the matter to the High Court after their 'We don't even own the animals': challenge was dismissed first by the Victorian Civil Appeal over missing marmoset PHOTO: An artist's impression of the proposed Bendigo and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT) and then the NRL player a no-show at court mosque, which has sparked divisions in the town. (Supplied) hearing for domestic violence State Court of Appeal. charges RELATED STORY: Bendigo mosque opponents ask High Court for extra time to appeal SPORT 'Batting long is fun for The group behind the mosque, Australian Muslims of me': Renshaw wants to stick Bendigo, said the decision was fair. RELATED STORY: Victorian court refuses injunction to halt around plans to build Bendigo mosque 'Disgrace': TV station under fire "We believe the decision is in line with every for domestic violence make-up MAP: Canberra 2600 Australian's constitutional right to practise their faith," tips it said in a statement. Government a step closer to passing ABCC bill There were large protests in Bendigo over the plan Key points: Dating app disaster stories brought to life with puppets last year, with opposing groups facing off against Opponents said council failed to consider social each other. effects of mosque Trudeau concedes 'larger than life' Castro was a dictator High Court dismisses request to hear the appeal The Australian Islamic Mission applied in November Syrian army pushes deeper into rebel-held Aleppo as thousands 2013 to the Greater Bendigo City Council for the Community group says it is time to move on after landmark decision flee planning permit to build the mosque on Rowena Child dies after being crushed by Street at East Bendigo. falling stone monument at bowling club It was first approved by the council in June 2014 and a series of appeals have since been launched.

Debate around the mosque led to controversy and some divisions within the town and large protests were held in the centre of Bendigo in October last year.

One of those who made the appeal, Julie Hoskin, said the legal process had so far has cost more than $200,000, which was mostly crowd-funded.

"We've exhausted our avenues which is what we needed to do, and again the High Court was always a long bow," she said. CONNECT WITH ABC "We knew that was going to be very difficult to get into and they've said no, and I understand that." NEWS

Victoria a place that welcomes diversity: Andrews Premier Daniel Andrews said the majority of Victorians believe that multiculturalism is our "greatest strength".

"That's the story of Bendigo and the story of so many other parts of Victoria," he said.

"I welcome the fact that Bendigo can have places of worship for people of all faiths to come together in celebration of the brilliant diversity that marks us out, not just as a place that tolerates diversity and multiculturalism, we celebrate it. GOT A NEWS TIP? "We're much, much stronger because of that."

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com Mayor of Bendigo Rod Fyffe said the court decision If you have inside knowledge of a had vindicated the work of the council. topic in the news, contact the ABC.

"We're very pleased that it's come down in favour of the fact that the mosque can go ahead and we have NEWS IN YOUR INBOX been exonerated in following all of the procedures as Top headlines, analysis, breaking alerts set out by Victorian law," he said. Email address It really has been a long process, a difficult process, and I pay tribute to the council who has stood by the Sign up decision they made. More info

"I think that today's decision just says to them, PHOTO: Mosque opponent, Julie Hoskin, says taking the 'you've done it right, congratulations.'" matter to the High Court was a "long bow". (ABC News: Stephanie Corsetti) Landmark decision hailed Prue Mansfield, director of planning and development for the city of Bendigo, said there would always be differences of opinion.

"It's how we respond and respect that, be that in the pub down the street, in the footy room or in our workplace," she said.

"That way we'll have a really strong and thriving community that's welcoming for everyone and everyone feels at home and to be respectful in that way."

Local community group Believe in Bendigo, led by local identity Margot Spalding, congratulated the High Court and in a Facebook post said it was time to celebrate the city for what it is, not what it had been portrayed as.

"The line has now been drawn and it is time to move on," the Facebook post said.

"This decision is a landmark day in Bendigo's history, but it is not the end of something, it is the start of something magnificent.

"We are a diverse, welcoming and inclusive community that celebrates the contribution every culture makes to Bendigo life.

"Whatever country you are from, whatever religion you practice and whatever culture you celebrate, you are welcome in Bendigo."

Mosque opponents 'disgusted' Not everyone welcomed the decision.

A Facebook post on the Stop the Mosque in Bendigo page, which has more than 28,000 likes, said the ruling was a "sad day for Australia".

One comment on the post said Bendigo would "soon be a noisy, violent, fetid no-go zone."

Another said the decision was "absolutely disgusting" and asked when the people in power would "listen to what the majority of ordinary citizens want and expect".

According to Australian Muslims of Bendigo, there are about 300 Muslims living in Bendigo, including international students.

It said the mosque would hold a maximum of 375 people and include a sports facility and library.

"The Bendigo Islamic Centre will be a great asset to Bendigo. It will be a centre for understanding, education and cross cultural and inter-faith dialogue," the group said.

Topics: courts-and-trials, law-crime-and-justice, religion-and-beliefs, community-and-society, islam, canberra-2600, bendigo-3550 First posted 14 Jun 2016, 6:56pm Print Email Facebook Twitter More More stories from Australian Capital Territory

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Like Follow us any good': How the Grand Mufti Daily Mail @DailyMail railed against the West, gays and Follow +1 women with more than one sex partner Daily Mail Daily Mail FEMAIL TODAY before moving to Australia Thousands of fans BOO Colin Kaepernick in Grand Mufti said Western values were being imposed on the Third World Miami after he PRAISED 'The West does not bring to us any good, all they bring are their diseases' Fidel Castro hours before his death and He described homosexuality and lesbianism as 'sexual perversion' wore a shirt adorned Blamed low fertility rates in the West on 'loose extramarital sexual conduct' with the dictator's face Remarks were in a translated essay about a population conference Blac Chyna shows off her incredibly slim waist following 21LBS weight By DANIEL PIOTROWSKI FOR DAILY MAIL AUSTRALIA loss just two weeks PUBLISHED: | UPDATED: after giving birth She flaunted her slimmer 3.7k 48 figure shares View comments Steve Martin, 71, steps out with wife Anne, 44, and three-year-old daughter Conquistador... as he discusses becoming a father for first time

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Egyptian born Dr Ibrahim Abu Mohamed has had a trying year as the Grand Mufti of 'Going home': RHOC's Australia, having come under fire for his condolence message over the Paris attacks Meghan King Edmonds checks out of hospital after giving birth to girl on Thanksgiving Shared several Instagram snapshots 'Congrats on your 200 wins lovvvey!': Gisele Bundchen applauds quarterback husband Tom Brady as he makes career milestone The Patriots defeated the New York Jets 22 to 17

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Workplace romance? Britney Spears enjoys dinner date with hunky Slumber Party co-star Sam Asghari... who swiftly deletes Instagram snap From peacoats to parkas, the outerwear The essay was contained in the English translation of Dr Mohamed's book, A Call For fashions you will see Thinking (left). Dr Ibrahim is pictured right in a head shot supplied with the book everywhere this winter - and where you can find them Sponsored 'This had nothing to do with Donald': Rosie O'Donnell defends speculating Barron Trump, 10, is autistic by saying her own daughter has the condition and she recognizes signs

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NEWS SPORT ENTERTAINMENT BUSINESS LIFESTYLE VIDEO CLASSIFIEDS Subscribe Login BREAKING NEWS LOCAL NSW NATIONAL WORLD WEIRD TECHNOLOGY OPINION PUBLIC DEFENDER PHOTOS WEATHER NEWS Grand Mufti Dr Ibrahim Abu Mohamed believes more mosques are the solution YONI BASHAN, STATE POLITICAL REPORTER THE SUNDAY TELEGRAPH MAY 26, 2013 9:28AM SHARE SAVE THIS STORY

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2. Princess cuts Sheeran with a sword Man stabbed, woman knocked out in fast 3. food violence ‘This man is not fit to be Australian of the 4. Year’

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6. ‘Oh God, what have I done?’

7. ‘It’s like schoolies on steroids’ Grand Mufti of Australia, Dr Ibrahim Abu Mohamed. Picture: Robert Barker 8. Suburb where Aussie dream died MORE mosques should be built to stop young Muslims becoming radicalised, Australia's Grand Mufti has warned. News

Islamic youths are increasingly turning to backyard prayer halls and ``mini mosques'' where self- Surfer with a stalker styled imams are teaching extreme doctrine because there are not enough traditional centres, Dr Ibrahim Abu Mohamed said.

The frequent rejection of building applications not only meant the number of mosques can't keep GALLERY: Take a peek at some of the most incredible wildlife photography ahead of the Wildlife pace with the growing needs of the faith but also led to increasing isolation and anger among Photographer of the Year Exhibition at... Muslims, who felt they were being rejected.

Dr Mohamed said his long-term vision, along with the Australian National Imams Council, was to build mosques large enough to accommodate gyms, lecture halls and facilities for women and Boy, 3, dies after being hit by children. truck

Rudd's hard line on court defiance A THREE-YEAR-OLD boy has died after he was struck

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com ``People need to understand a mosque is not a source of threat,'' he said. ``A mosque is not a by a truck today in the Lake Macquarie area. radicalising factor. A mosque is a source of security. A person who has a connection to a mosque is also a person who is law-abiding, who is respectful to others.

``If you look at the percentage of Muslims in Australia and the number of churches and mosques Abbott fights back at ‘chaotic’ in terms of representation, there is a vast difference. There are a lot of churches but on the military claims percentage of Muslims there are not enough mosques to cater to their needs.''

But local councils were preventing the balance from being restored, with numerous development TONY Abbott today fought back at claims of a applications resulting in ugly court battles. While the relationship between Muslims and the “chaotic” and misguided approach to military deployments during his term as prime minister, calling broader community was ``growing'', every mosque or educational facility knocked back hit hard. them “fantasy”. ``Any rejection of any mosque or Islamic school, that has a large impact on the general Muslim community,'' Dr Mohamed said. Don’t hate my husband, ``Many elements in the Muslim community would feel the public is against us, the government or pleads Origin ref’s wife the country is rejecting us and it creates a feeling of isolation, which leads people to live in ghettos and further isolate themselves from the wider community, and this is wrong.'' THE wife of State of Origin referee Gerard Sutton has revealed she was devastated by criticism of her Radical Islam hit the headlines this week, with a British soldier murdered on a London street and husband after game one. an accused Sydney rioter refusing to stand for a magistrate.

Accused rioter berated for refusing to stand in court Pittwater Rd ‘at risk’ as new ``These terrorist attacks are alien to the traditional Islamic understanding and it will put more stormfront nears weight and responsibility on Muslims to put Islam in a positive light again,'' Dr Ibrahim said.

He said the Boston marathon bombings were the actions of ``evil'' men, not religious ones. PITTWATER Rd could be under threat from future coastal storms, as owners of waterfront Collaroy Magistrate's strength in weak legal system homes brace themselves for a second east coast low in a fortnight. In relation to Mohammed Issaka, who cited religious reasons for refusing to stand for magistrate 7 Jacqueline Milledge last week, Dr Mohamed said the behaviour was a confusion between comments religious customs and social customs. 404 Not Found

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Comments on this story this on Comments READ ALL 12 COMMENTS From around the site

t Stricter immigration laws is what is needed. Why Margot is queen of the POSTED AT 11:39 AM MAY 26, jungle 2013

Emre of Sydney More spending should be put towards education to stop people believing in FROM Neighbours ingénue to Wall Street siren — and POSTED AT 11:28 AM MAY 26, fairy tales. 2013 now a feminist version of Jane in The Legend Of Tarzan — Aussie actress Margot Robbie refuses to be typecast. TC the problem I feel is if too many Muslim conclaves and mosques are built or POSTED AT 11:25 AM MAY 26, allowed then those areas become no go zones for non Muslims and 3 2013 comments eventually the people living in those areas will want to have their own laws and not assimilate into this country. Try and pray as a Christian in some Rove and Sam’s brekkie show Middle East countries and see what sort reaction you get. Maybe the Muslim could be toast religion should allow its young people to freely convert to Christianity, seeing as that the main religion of this country, that might solve the problem of the only resource being available is radicalism. I'd welcome any person into my THE cutthroat world of commercial radio looks set for church and teach them Christian ideals. another shake-up, with industry insiders saying 2DayFM’s Rove McManus and Sam Frost could be

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com Herald Sun  MELBOURNE 12C-21C

NEWS SPORT ENTERTAINMENT BUSINESS LIFESTYLE VIDEO CLASSIFIEDS Subscribe Login BREAKING NEWS LOCAL VICTORIA NATIONAL WORLD LAW & ORDER WEIRD TECHNOLOGY OPINION PHOTOS NEWS Hefty bill for Muslim women's privacy at public swimming pool JOHN MASANAUSKAS HERALD SUN FEBRUARY 11, 2011 12:00AM SHARE SAVE THIS STORY RATEPAYERS could be stung up to $45,000 to install curtains at a public pool so Muslim women can have privacy during a female-only exercise classes. Most Viewed The City of Monash has won an exemption from equal opportunity laws to run the sessions outside normal opening hours. 1. West Gate reopens after fatal crash

2. FitzSimons' 'gorilla' vs a child's 'ape'. Spot The council says the privacy screen is needed for "cultural reasons". the hypocrite

3. Man fights back to stab home invader It follows moves by other councils to introduce women-only sessions for the Muslim community, such as Greater Dandenong asking a tribunal to approve a ban on uncovered shoulders and thighs 4. Race-law defenders vilify whites for those attending a family event at a pool. 5. Car chase teen ‘high on ice’ Special exercise classes for women will be held at the Clayton Community Centre every second Sunday evening after VCAT gave the green light this week. 6. Princess cuts Sheeran with a sword

Ross Buscemi, director of refugee charity group the New Hope Foundation, said his organisation 7. Drowning ‘torture’ at fatal dance party had lobbied for the sessions on behalf of Muslim women, mostly from African countries including Eritrea, Ethiopia and Sudan. 8. The pot’s calling the kettle black

Mr Buscemi said the women had sought separate classes for cultural reasons and curtains or News blinds were needed to protect their privacy because the centre had glass walls. West Gate reopens after fatal crash "At night, when the lights are on inside, everybody in there can be seen - it's a broader privacy issue, not just for the women," he said. THE West Gate Freeway has reopened after a motorcyclist was killed in a collision with a truck, "It's stopping anybody perving on anybody in there really." closing the major gateway for several hours. Dynon Road was also closed due to a truck rollover. LATEST But Ratepayers Victoria president Jack Davis said it was disgraceful for councils to subsidise 8 comments programs that segregated people. Victorian farmers in water boilover "People come to Australia because it's a better place," he said.

"So then you should become Australian and abide by the customs of Australia, not change A BITTER dispute over water for Victorian farmers is

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com Australia to suit your customs from another country." threatening to derail Malcolm Turnbull’s hopes of passing his signature election policy.

Monash councillors accepted that the women couldn't use the pool in normal hours for cultural 7 and religious reasons. comments Toughen up by teaching in They were told the special classes would address issues such as "obesity, social isolation and lack bush of physical strength".

TEACHERS need to spend time working in country or ​ Monash mayor Greg Male said the council sought funding from the Victorian Multicultural remote areas to help them cope with the demands of Commission to help meet the $45,000 cost of curtains or blinds for the pool. the job, principals say.

1 Similar women-only programs at public pools are run at Monash University, Dandenong Oasis comments recreation centre and the Don Tatnell Leisure Centre in Parkdale. Meet the man behind Lollygate [email protected]

Aussie cricket fan Peter was on his exercise bike in Melbourne watching Australia’s woeful Second Test performance when something caught his eye. What happened next shocked the cricketing world. 24 comments Two sacked over rapist let freefree

EXCLUSIVE: A paedophile who remains on the run in Ads By Google Victoria was let loose in the community unsupervised, before he jumped a fence and escaped a government Travelers Recommend mental facility.

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Comments on this story this on Comments READ ALL 330 COMMENTS Code: NoSuchKey Message: The specified key does Michelle Ess I agree with Darren. When my parents came here they brought their beliefs not exist. Key: heraldsun/hs-news POSTED AT 7:23 AM MARCH 01, and then adapted them to suit this country. Never did I hear them say we 2011 RequestId: 6E0051D94933CF06 must do this because we did it in our home country. If you wish to come and HostId: live here then DO NOT try and ram your old way of life down my neck. 64sKD2HQub6xakFzA6cB6ct90hcxPAnRFxMVuw+uqKUvLqLyH3Ok+2+2tgez9xrVv+k72Yo6vj0= Adapt, accept that this is a different country and learn how to live here. After all, YOU chose to come here, didn't you???

Darren Of Hawthorn for I can see most people on here have had enough and rightly so. When you the flag 2011...(Hawks have the governments saying that immigrants need to intigrate into society, Fan) of Melbourne then you have a council taking this line. Is this what intigration is suposed to Subscriber Exclusives POSTED AT 10:47 AM FEBRUARY 11, 2011 be about. Looks more like segrigation to me. There is no assimilation into Australian society. People also bring up the fact that, as first generation bla PM retreats over Medicare bla ,subsiquent generations will become more laxed Bla bla, What a load of reform crap, if they continue to keep holding onto old traditions from their own countries, segrigation etc, how will things change. All people instill their way of life into their childern, so why will things change. Look at suicide bombers, A SCARE campaign over the future of Medicare has forced the Coalition to backflip on plans to cut costs by granted there are no next generations there, but you get the point. We as a outsourcing payment systems. country need to stand up to minorities and say, you know, tuff titties. If you don't like it, leave and continue your existance in your own country that 7 shares your beliefs. By all means do come here, we do welcome you, but if comments you try to push your way of life on us, we will retaliate and fight for our country. By the way, as a Gay man, can I have a gay men only pool. I feel Hinch now urges a vote for threatened when A woman looks at me,Just kidding Baha Derryn

Buy Yourownpool Another case of Australia bending the rules to suit an ethnic group. If you live DERRYN Hinch told voters three years ago to write POSTED AT 10:46 AM in Australia you play by our rules, if you don't like that go and live in country FEBRUARY 11, 2011 “stuff the lot of you” on ballot papers. Now he’s urging that suits your cultural lifestyle. Stop changing our country, our government them to make their vote count.

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FROM AROUND THE WEB The Olsens Definitely Don’t Look Like This Anymore LIVINGLY Australia: Drone captures clashes between anti-Islamic and anti-racism protesters Tyrese's Soulful Views on Staff writers, news.com.au      R&B and Sharp-Looking Shoes STACY ADAMS ON GQ PEOPLE have slammed a new development in Melbourne, calling it “a ghetto of 's Engagement Ring Islam”. BRILLIANT EARTH A block in Melton South will be transformed into housing targeted at the Islamic community, with 75 separate lots and a mosque built in the middle of the She Was Big Star in the 80s, What She Looks Like Today neighbourhood. is Jaw-Dropping DIRECT EXPOSE It’s called Iqra Village and is said to become Victoria’s largest faith-based housing. Pippa Middleton’s Deco- The development, which featured on A Current Affair on Monday night, sparked a lot Inspired Engagement Ring of outrage on social media and there were myriad racist comments, with some even BRILLIANT EARTH saying it shouldn’t be allowed. Recommended by “What a joke. If Australians build an Australian only suburb, we would all be racists,” a comment on Twitter said.

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com @ACurrentAffair9 haven't these town planers learnt anything. Putting all housing commission together worked wonders to. #9ACA — Bradley Sharp (@SharpV8fan) May 23, 2016

An anti-Islamic Facebook group is also encouraging people to boycott this housing development, which will be built near last November’s riots, caused by anti-Islamic Advertisement groups who were against Islamic schools and mosques. But the development is not a Muslim-only community and it will certainly not be gated. While it will be rich with Islamic culture, it’s only targeted at Muslim families who might want to live around others with the same values.

#ACA Melton Sth is doing an all Muslim housing development with mosque. There's an all Indian one nearby. So much for cultural integration. — Allan Kleiman (@allankmelb) May 23, 2016

Australian Federation of Islamic Councils treasurer Keysar Trad told A Current Affair Muslims were just creating a neighbourhood free of discrimination and free of misunderstanding. “This particular venture is an indication there’s a feeling out there that there’s perhaps less acceptance of Muslims,” he said. “A project of this nature will allow people to be able to develop a local place of worship or a local school without too many objections from neighbours. They won’t be getting in anybody’s way, it’s something within their local community. “We’ve always encouraged our community to live among mainstream society and to build friendships and promote understanding and awareness.”

Australian Federation of Islamic Councils treasurer Keysar Trad says the development will make it easier for Islamic schools and places of worship to be developed. Source:News Corp Australia

Town planner Bill Kusznirczuk told A Current Affair he did not have a problem with it.

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com “Just make sure that we are planning these areas properly,” he said. “Australia has found that its settlement post war has been a mix of a range of ethnic cultures and that’s a good thing, it makes for the perfect minestrone from an urban planning point of view.” Mr Kusznirczuk encouraged the developments, as long as they remained open to all in the community. “Make sure it’s inclusive make sure this particular parcel of land joins and isn’t segregated from others,” he said. “Plan it well and there will be good outcomes for people who are living there.”

Iqra Village will be developed from these vacant lots. Picture: Hamish Blair Source:News Corp Australia

Another development called Indian Junction is also underway on the outskirts of Melbourne in Tarneit. It is designed for the Indian community and will give residents access to Indian supermarkets, health centres and aged care homes. Developer Sunil Kumar told A Current Affair anybody could live in the neighbourhood if they wanted to. Melton City Council said in a statement it would continue to build an inclusive community that embraced and valued cultural diversity.

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“She went to the police as the victim as one of the worst ordeals imaginable but she is being treated as the criminal.” Advertisement Ms Stirling said the woman’s alleged attackers have since returned to the UK without charge since the incident, which was believed to be filmed on a mobile phone. The woman’s family have launched a crowd-funding appeal to raise $42,000 to cover her legal costs. “Please help my daughter, she is being held in a prison cell in a foreign country for up to one year if we can’t bail her out,” the family wrote on the fundraising page. Dubai police have refused to comment further on the case but a police source said in relation to the case that foreign visitors “must learn the law in the UAE before they come to visit”, The Times reported. Amnesty International said the case revealed a deep-rooted prejudice against women in the UAE. “The authorities continue to fail survivors of such violence by treating women who have been raped as criminals, instead of investigating and prosecuting suspected perpetrators,” Amnesty International researcher Drewery Dyke said. In a similar incident in 2008, Australian woman Alicia Gali was charged after reporting her own rape in Dubai and served eight months of a one-year jail sentence. In 2013, a Norwegian woman was sentenced to 16 months in jail after she went to Dubai police to report she was raped during a business trip.

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com And in June this year, a Dutch tourist who said she was raped in the Gulf country of Qatar was held for close to three months before being handed a one-year suspended sentence for having extramarital sex. The Department of Foreign Affairs’ travel advice for the UAE notes that as sex outside of marriage was illegal in the country, it was “possible that victims of sexual assault may face criminal prosecution rather than being considered the victim of a crime”.

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World’s most ’Millions voted Life, but not as we Trump says macabre business illegally’: Trump know it ... ‘millions’ voted ideaidea illegally

LATEST IN WORLD world Protesters take to streets in Turkey to protest law that lets child rapists off the hook — if they marry

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Are You Living With Diabetes? 7 Ways Diabetes Turkey: Thousands protest proposed bill 'legitimising' child sexual assault in Istanbul Is Affecting Your Body HEALTH CENTRAL AFP, News Corp Australia Network      Sheets That Always Feel Like The Cool Side Of The Pillow THOUSANDS of people, including women and children, marched Saturday in Istanbul BUSINESS INSIDER against a controversial bill that would overturn men’s convictions for child sex assault Photos From The Early if they married their victim. Days of Vegas Found In Abandoned Casino “We will not shut up. We will not obey. Withdraw the bill immediately!” the around HISTORIAN INSIGHT 3000 protesters shouted amid claps and whistles as they marched to Kadikoy square O.J. Simpson's Daughter on the city’s Asian side. Just Turned 31 And Looks Completely Unrecognizable Others waved banners emblazoned with slogans such as “#Rape cannot be legitimised” LIKESHARETWEET and “AKP, take your hands off my body,” a reference to the ruling party of President Recommended by Recep Tayyip Erdogan, which introduced the bill. The opposition, celebrities, and even an association whose deputy chairman is WORLD BREAKING NEWS Erdogan’s daughter have expressed alarm over the move. 13:30 World’s most macabre business idea

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com But the government insists the legislation was aimed at dealing with the widespread 13:39 ’Millions voted illegally’: Trump custom of child marriages and the criticism was a crude distortion of its aim. 12:40 Life, but not as we know it ... 12:42 Justice Minister Bekir Bozdag moved to reassure opponents that the bill would not Trump says ‘millions’ voted illegally pardon rapists. 11:38 Inside Castro’s monumental lies “The bill will certainly not bring amnesty to rapists ... This is a step taken to solve a problem in some parts of our country,” he told a NATO meeting in Istanbul. Today's Deal After the controversy, Prime Minister Binali Yildirim ordered his ruling Justice and Value Offer - 20% Deposit Minimum Development Party (AKP) to hold talks with the opposition in parliament on the planned measures. Extra low interest rate No upfront or ongoing 3.64% fees Comparison Rate* Go To Site

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Turkish women stage a protest in Ankara. The bill provoked fury, with critics accusing the government of encouraging rape of minors with the proposals. Picture: AFPSource:AFP

‘WOMEN WILL TAKE TO THE STREETS’

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com The measures were approved in an initial parliamentary reading on Thursday and will be voted on again in a second debate in the coming days. Critics have said the government is encouraging the rape of minors. “We will not allow the AKP to acquit and set free rapists in this country,” one of the women protesters who gave her name as Ruya told AFP. “Women will resist and take to the streets until this law and similar other laws are withdrawn.” Another protester, a middle-aged man named Ugur, was at the protest with his 14-year-old daughter. “I am concerned about my daughter’s future,” Ugur told AFP. “AKP is passing any law they want in the parliament.” The AKP enjoys a comfortable majority in the 550- seat parliament, holding 317 seats. “That’s the maximum we can do. To protest,” he said. If passed, the law would allow the release from prison of men guilty of assaulting a minor if the act was committed without “force, threat, or any other restriction on consent” and if the aggressor “marries the victim”. The legal age of consent in Turkey is 18 but child marriage is widespread, especially in the southeast. Another protester, Yagmur, called the bill “nonsense”. “In which century are we are living? Forgive me but we are talking about rape while other issues should be up for discussion,” he said. “A country cannot advance with more bridges or roads. We are against the bill and we will not remain silent.”

A man carries a baby on his shoulders as he takes part in a protest in the Kadikoy neighbourhood of Istanbul. Picture: AFPSource:AFP

VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN A CRIME The UN children’s fund said it was “deeply concerned” over the bill. “These abject forms of violence against children are crimes which should be punished as such, and in all cases the best interest of the child should prevail,” spokesman Christophe Boulierac told AFP. The latest controversy comes after Turkey’s constitutional court in July annulled a

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com criminal code provision punishing as “sexual abuse” all sexual acts involving children under the age of 15. Defenders of that law argued it made a distinction between cases of sexual acts involving a young teenager as opposed to a much younger child. The bill comes amid widespread concern at what the UN rapporteur on freedom of expression on Friday described as a “grim” situation in Turkey following an attempted coup in July. Since a rogue military faction tried to oust President Erdogan from power, over 100,000 people within the judiciary, media, military and civil service have been arrested, suspended or sacked. SHANGHAI PACT ALTERNATIVE President Recep Tayyip Erdogan says Turkey should not be “fixated” on joining the EU and has reiterated the idea of joining Russia and China in a Eurasian security group, local media reports. His comments come as Turkey’s decades-long hopes of joining the European Union have reached a nadir, driven by the aftermath of the July 15 botched coup. “Turkey should first of all feel relaxed about the EU and not be fixated” about joining it, Erdogan told Turkish journalists on a plane from Uzbekistan, Hurriyet newspaper and other media reported. “Some may criticise me but I express my opinion. For example, I say ‘why shouldn’t Turkey be in the Shanghai 5?,” he said. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) -- also called the Shanghai Pact — is a loose security and economic bloc led by Russia and China. Other members are Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Erdogan said he had already discussed the idea with Russian President Vladimir Putin and with Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev.

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What One Longevity Scientist Discovered About What We Need As We Age ELYSIUM HEALTH ON FAST COMPANY Germany: 'We shouldn?t be surprised? at Trump?s promise to exit TPP - Steinmeier 10 warning signs of Alzheimer's HEALTHGRADES Victoria      Craw, news.com.au @Victoria_Craw You Won't Be Able To Look Away From These Photos IF YOU thought 2016 was eventful, wait until you see what 2017 has in store. Of Ivanka Trump STYLEBISTRO - LOOK BOOKS The next 12 months are set to be critical for the European Union which is facing a Not enough vets claim series of major events, from referendums to general elections across its core members. these amazing VA benefits LENDINGTREE It comes amid a backdrop of rising nationalism and populist politics, fuelled by the

migrant crisis, terrorism and years of austerity measures that have left people across the Recommended by continent fed up with the status quo. The recent election of Donald Trump and UK’s Brexit vote have put European leaders on notice — all bets are off. WORLD BREAKING NEWS “Since the November 9, times have changed,” said German ING economist Carsten Brzeski in reference to the US election. “You can walk through all these political events 13:24 This is what stupidity looks like one by one … I think each has the potential to derail the eurozone, to further 12:49 ‘Should’ve divorced, not killed him’ disintegrate the eurozone, to maybe possibly even lead to a breakup of the eurozone — 12:05 UN rebuffs Britain’s Assange complaint but only in the worst, worst-case scenario.”

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com 11:51 Big Mac creator dies at 98 Starting on Monday, here’s what’s coming up in what could be Europe’s most 11:32 dangerous year yet. Sex abuse scandal engulfs English footb… ITALY Today's Deal On December 4, Italians will vote in a referendum on constitutional reform proposed Value Offer - 20% Deposit by Prime Minister Matteo Renzi. He wants to cut the number of people in the upper Minimum house from 315 to 100 and limit their powers to allow laws to be pushed through more quickly, and has staked his political future on winning. Extra low interest rate No upfront or ongoing 3.64% But polls predict a ‘no’ vote from the Italian people, fuelled in part by a campaign from fees Comparison Rate* the ascendant Five Star Movement — a populist party led by an activist and comedian that has promised a referendum on Italian membership of the euro currency. Go To Site

To add fuel to the fire, Italy is on the verge of a banking crisis that is making investors Australian Credit License 316710. *See our disclosures & comparison warning and markets extremely nervous. The risk is that if the referendum result is no, the PM Advertisement will resign, leading to either a caretaker government or elections that could see the Five Star Movement sweep to power and hold a referendum on the euro. The big ‘but’ is that a lot of steps are required for all that to happen. At present, it’s “wait and see”.

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Populist anti-Islam politician Geert Wilders has been on trial for hate-speech but is on track for an election victory in The Netherlands. Picture: AP Photo/Peter Dejong Source:AP

AUSTRIA On the same day as Italians vote, Austrians will take to the polls in a rerun of their Presidential elections first held in May. It’s the third attempt to sort out an absolute hot mess that saw the first count disqualified because of irregularities and the second because of faulty glue on envelopes. The contest is between Greens-backed Alexander Van der Bellen and the Freedom Party’s Norbert Hofer, who would become the first far-right leader Europe has had since 1945 if he wins. Polls are too close to call and he lost by just 31,000 in May. The vote has whipped up divisions and accusations of gun-carrying Mr Hofer being a “wolf in sheep’s clothing”. He has been spotted wearing a cornflower which is an old Nazi symbol that inspired Hitler’s thinking about “greater Germany”, The Telegraph reports. THE NETHERLANDS

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com The Dutch will also hold a general election on March 15, with Geert Wilders’ far-right Freedom Party leading polls. He is vehemently anti-immigrant and has been quick to align himself with Nigel Farage and Donald Trump. He wants to ban headscarfs completely and said the Dutch should not have to pay because of the “stupidity” of Angela Merkel, by opening Germany’s doors to Syrian refugees.

Frauke Petry is not afraid to use a Trump-style approach Marine Le Pen wants France to quit Europe. Picture: to grab headlines. Picture: Thomas Lohnes/Getty AFP/Richard Bouhet Source:AFP Images Source:Getty Images

BRITAIN The UK is due to trigger Article 50 by the end of March 2017, provided the Supreme Court doesn’t block plans next week. This would see Britain leave by the end of March 2019 ahead of its own election in 2020. If all goes according to the government plan, that would see UK politics for the next two years dominated by negotiation over the exit deal. European nations are determined to detract others from leaving. FRANCE France is the country many see as the most susceptible to triggering a break up, if Front Nationale leader Marine Le Pen wins the Presidential elections to be held on April 23 with a run off in May if no winner is found. She has called for a “Frexit” and wants complete control over legislation, economy, money and borders. One EU diplomat told the Guardian a win for her would be “cataclysmic, existential, the end.” But to win, she first has to get through the first round of elections and then take on the Republican’s Francois Fillion. The far-right leader was the surprise winner of the Republican primary and has promised to change France’s “software” and scrap its famed 35 hour working week.

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com German Chancellor Angela Merkel announced she would run for a fourth term recently. Picture: AFP/ John MacDougall Source:AFP

GERMANY September will see another round of elections for Europe’s most powerful economy, where reigning chancellor Angela Merkel has announced she would run for a fourth term. It comes as the right-wing Alternative für Deutschland, led by Frauke Petry, is gaining ground and the far-right is on the rise. The UK in a Changing Europe director Anand Menon said while Europe might not have the “perfect storm” of factors seen in the US and UK, the one exception is the French elections with could be disastrous for European project. “If Marine le Pen wins in France next year, then the very fabric of the EU will be called into question,” he said. Otherwise, Europe is not so much in for a “Trump moment” but a series of decisions that leaders misread at their peril. “I don’t think necessarily we’re going to get a Trump moment in the sense of a populist candidate seizing the actual reigns of power but that should not blind us the fact that there is a massive dissatisfaction simmering with mainstream politics,” he said. “For some people it’s actually a cost of living crisis. For others it’s an identity crisis, it’s the fusion of those two that has fuelled the far-right. “The cynical views is that our leaders have ignored warning for almost a decade. It’s been bubbling away for a long time …. The warning signs have been there …. We’ve chosen to overlook those warning signs. ANZ chief economist Shane Oliver said while the breakup of the eurozone “has the potential to be a more traumatic event” than Brexit or Trump, “a lot of water would have to pass under the bridge” for that to happen. [email protected]

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Two men employed as family dare care educators by the Omars — Ali Assad, the 22- NATIONAL BREAKING NEWS year-old secretary of Sydney charity Dar al Quran wa Sunnah, from Moorebank, and 26-year-old Hussain Dandachi, from Old Guildford, — have been arrested, The 13:05 Anti-terror fight to ramp up: Vic police Australian reported on Monday. 12:52 Leaked NBN documents to be protected 12:50 Assad was arrested last Wednesday as he prepared to travel to Saudi Arabia. He was Shorten proposes changes to 457 visas

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com granted bail on Thursday night on condition he surrender his passport and not leave the 12:49 New Qld Rail staff hiring 'on track' country. Assaad has been charged with one count each of obtaining a financial 12:03 OIder people more likely to be scammed advantage by deception, making false or misleading statements and dishonestly causing loss to the commonwealth. BEST FROM His charity is under investigation in Lebanon for raising money and recruiting for the Girl crushed to death at Islamic State. family party MORE AT THE TELEGRAPH? 

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Ali Assad was allegedly in Malaysia when he was claiming taxpayers' money for childcare. Picture: Facebook Source:Facebook

Dandachi, who was arrested in April for threatening people with a sword at a shopping centre, was charged with one count each of obtaining a financial advantage by Advertisement deception, making false or misleading statements and dishonestly causing loss to the commonwealth. It is reported that the investigation was launched when Dandachi was prevented from boarding a flight overseas last October and had his passport cancelled. The alleged scam involved claiming several concurrent payments for the same child and claiming rebates for non-existent children. The 7.30 Report on ABC on Monday alleged that Assad had been paid more than $150,000 in the past financial year for more than 20,500 hours of childcare. To receive those payments Assad would have needed to care for the maximum of seven children at once for more than eight hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days in a row. Yet he is known to have made three trips to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and posted pictures online. Australian Federal Police, which made the arrests in conjunction with agencies including the Australian Border Force, Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission and the Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre or AUSTRAC, allege in statements tendered to the court that the wide-scale fraud was centred on the Lakemba day care business. The AFP listened to Ibrahim Omar’s phone calls to Assad last month where they allegedly conspired to falsify childcare time sheets. “We should enter it all as 50 and see what happens,” Omar is alleged to have said. Assad replied: “Enter it as 50, bro. I also want to put another kid under the same thing, I’ll send you all the details now.”

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com On Sunday night, another of the Omars’ childcare providers was raised and charged with fraud. Sam Page. Early Childhood Australia CEO, told the 7.30 Report that the multi-million dollar fraud under investigation is the biggest he has been made aware of. “We don’t know whether all of the educators in this scheme are fraudulent or whether it’s some are legitimate and some are fraudulent,” he said. “We know the government has been putting a lot of time and energy into cracking down on childcare fraud.” Lowy Institute’s terrorism expert Lydia Khalil said it is concerning “that it is a domestically funded, taxpayer-funded money that seems to be going through this program, this will be very concerning to the government and to authorities, certainly. they are going to probably be looking very closely and tightening up their procedures around such childcare programs.”

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JUNE 9 2016 SAVE PRINT Queanbeyan mosque gets green light

Kimberley Le Lievre

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A mosque planned for the Queanbeyan West industrial estate has been given the go ahead by the Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council.

The move has been described as a win not only for Queanbeyan but for Australia as a multicultural nation.

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Members of the Islamic Forum for Australian Muslims, Sameer Alam, Gaffar Ghan and Siraj Mohammed 4 Turning 30 and living the normal life at the site in Queanbyean which they have had approved for a mosque. Photo: Rohan Thomson nobody thought she could

Administrator Tim Overall approved the development application at the council's 5 Shake-up looms for low-income housing rents meeting on Wednesday, coincidentally just a day after the beginning of Ramadan, a holy month for muslims.

Three public presenters at the meeting objected to the development citing traffic issues, however Mr Overall said the concerns had already been addressed by reducing the number of religious worshippers allowed on the site at any one time.

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Administrator Tim Overall approved the development application at the council's meeting on Wednesday. Photo: Daniel Spellman Mysterious houseboat washes up on Irish ... The proponents behind the mosque proposal, members of the Saarban Islamic Trust, originally planned the building to cater for more than 200 people. This figure was slashed by more than half to 96 to get final approval.

Mr Gaffar Khan said the Queanbeyan muslim community had been using a hired hall to pray in for many years, but they wanted a place of their own. FOLLOW SYDNEY NOW

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Advertisement {"_deviceUUID":"05baf464-f6f9-41d1-9b6e- He said the reduced numbers allowed to visit the mosque, set to be located at c8280c420c54","edid":"05baf464-f6f9-41d1-9b6e- 183-185 Gilmore Road, would not pose a problem initially, given they were based c8280c420c54","code":"helo","_deviceType":"oth er","_displayType":"desktop","_browserType": on a 20-year plan. {"browser":"unknown","version":0},"_template":"", "_path":"revoprint.orderStep1_2d/","_apiVersion": "For us, this 96 itself is a big number," he said. 5}

"We'd be surprised if we get 60-70 people on a typical Friday afternoon, that's the only time we see people.

"Even during the month of Ramadan you would hardly see 20-30 people in our temporary location."

Another member of the Saarban Islamic Trust and Queanbeyan local, Dr Sameer Alam, said Queanbeyan's economic outlook would receive a boost from the approval.

"Many families are hanging their decision to settle in Queanbeyan on this," Dr Alam said.

"We want to have Queanbeyan as our home, a home for our children, so we want to have a place to pray," he said.

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com "I have three children, all born here, all studying here. As kids we always told them Australia was a multicultural society. We left our country and came here and told them Australia would welcome us, that we had a place where we could go without any fear, without any prejudice. And having a mosque is a big victory not just for them but for Australia as a whole as a multicultural nation," Dr Alam said.

Queanbeyan has a growing population of muslim residents, with more than double the number of Islamic people in 2011 than five years prior.

Statistics based on Census data show in 2006, 221 people nominated their religion as Islam and in 2011, that grew to 451 people.

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APRIL 25 2016 SAVE PRINT LICENSE ARTICLE Far-right groups set to succeed in killing off mosque in Narre Warren

Liam Mannix

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New mosque plan attracts angry opposition

Pressure from the United Patriots Front appears to have killed off a mosque development in Narre Warren North.

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4 Woman found dead at Earthcore dance music festival The proposed Narre Warren mosque Photo: City of Casey

The City of Casey council now looks likely to withhold planning approval for the development in a special meeting set for Tuesday night.

A council report, to be considered by councillors on Tuesday, recommends that the approval be blocked.

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The mosque opponents' cause has been helped by councillor Rosalie Crestani – who is also a deputy leader of anti-Islamic party Rise Up Australia.

The mosque's backers, the Saarban Islamic Trust, say they had a negotiated agreement with the council, and are shocked by the report. PROPERTY NEWS

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"The scale ... of the proposed buildings and works, combined with the large expanse of ... car parking is not considered to be sympathetic to the landscape FOLLOW MELBOURNE EXPRE… and scenic qualities of the area," the report says.

However the report also says that concerns raised by objectors about the social FACEBOOK TWITTER impact of the mosque are unfounded. FOLLOW THE AGE SHARE

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Danny Nalliah is leader of the of anti-Islamic party Rise Up Australia. Photo: Mark Kolbe

Rise Up Australia's Danny Nalliah, and the nationalist, anti-Muslim group the United Patriots Front, have both run active campaigns urging their followers to send in objections to the mosque.

A Facebook page, Stop the Mosque in Narre Warren, appears to be the centre of much of the opposition. It has had more than 10,000 likes.

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converted by Web2PDFConvert.com The Narre Warren mosque was to have been built on a on a site fronting the Belgrave-Hallam Road Photo: Supplied

Casey councillor Rosalie Crestani is also a deputy leader of Rise Up Australia. Photo: Catherine Watson

A change.org petition in a similar vein has attracted more than 4000 signatures.

The mosque, being built for a community of Muslims from Indian and Pakistani backgrounds on a site fronting Belgrave-Hallam Road, would have room for 470 supplicants in male and female prayer rooms over two levels.

The adjoining minaret would be more than 25 metres high. The mosque development was set to incorporate 154 car parking spots.

Stop the Mosque in Narre Warren about 9 months ago

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Stop the Mosque in Narre Warren Have your say on this application You have until the middle of April to have your objection officially considered by the planning authority. Your comment and details will be sent to City of Casey. They’ll consider your submission when they decide whether to approve this application. Use this form to object to a planning permit application being advertised if you believe that you may be affected by the granting of the permit. To ensure the Res... See More

636 416 1K

Saeed , the Saarban Islamic Trust's secretary, said it was his understanding council were set to provisionally approve the mosque before the report came out. "I have no idea what happened, we cannot work it out. We're very surprised with the planning department decision, they never raised these issues with us.

"We wanted to compromise on every point, whatever the council had an issue with. Our understanding was everything had been fixed."

A spokeswoman for local pro-mosque campaigners Casey Against Racism told the local newspaper any decision to bar the mosque would be a win for its racist opponents. "This has come on the back of an active racist campaign in the local area against the mosque," the spokeswoman said.

"This campaign has been driven by the far-right, Christian fundamentalist organisation Rise Up Australia and has been supported by the fascist United Patriots Front.

"Rise Up Australia has a council member who has been actively campaigning against the mosque."

New legislation passed by the Andrews Government in 2015 requires VCAT to take into account "take into account the weight of community opposition to planning proposals" – a line designed to force planning bodies to react to strong upswells of community opposition.

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21:26 Assange's mother pleads for his release 17:26 Isla Fisher blazes a trail at the AACTAs 12:51 GDP result deeply concerning: Bowen Foiled terror plots in Australia between 2014 and 2016. Picture: news.com.au 13:19 Exit climate pact, Bernardi urges govt 19:23 Five Freight Link WA protesters arrested Megan      Palin, news.com.au @megan_palin BEST FROM AUSTRALIA would have experienced 15 terror attacks including public beheadings on Trunfio’s model pals lend a home soil over the past two years if most plots in their advanced stages hadn’t been hand foiled, according to police. MORE AT THE TELEGRAPH?   PREV NEXT The country has survived four terror attacks — three in New South Wales and one in Victoria — and narrowly escaped 11 since September 2014. The terror attacks that police were unable to prevent include the Lindt Cafe siege in Sydney in which manager Tori Johnson and mother-of-three Katrina Dawson lost their lives; the killing of police accountant Curtis Cheng by 15-year-old schoolboy Farhad Khalil Mohammed Jabar in Parramatta and the non-fatal stabbing of Wayne Greenhalgh in Minto last month. In Victoria, Numan Haider, 18, attacked two police officers with a knife outside the Endeavour Hills police station before being shot dead in September 2014. Twenty three people have been convicted of terrorism offences in Australia in the last

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com four years, according to Australian National Security. Today's Deal Among the alleged “imminent” terror plots foiled by police in the last two years were advanced plans to kidnap members of the public in Sydney and Brisbane then behead Platinum Qantas Credit Card them on camera and release the footage; detonate bombs at a Mother’s Day running Balance Transfers event; stab and shoot police and members of the public at Anzac Day ceremonies; and Available 19.99% target government buildings including the Garden Island Navy base and Parramatta Purchase Rate* Court House. Go To Site

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Advertisement Foiled terror plots in Australia between 2014 and 2016. Picture: news.com.au Source:news.com.au

Hostages Marcia Mikhael and Katrina Dawson in the window of the Lindt Cafe during the siege. Source:Channel 7

The latest plot to be thwarted in NSW allegedly involved two 16-year-old boys who purchased knives and were en route to behead a stranger in Sydney’s Bankstown before they were arrested on Wednesday. NSW Police deputy commissioner Catherine Burn claimed on Thursday it was the “11th imminent attack ... we have prevented in this country”. “There have been four attacks, three have been in NSW,” Ms Burn said. “While we cannot necessarily guarantee that attacks won’t occur, we know that the processes and what we are currently doing, we are doing everything we can to prevent such attacks.” A recent US Homeland Security report revealed that Australia ranked equal third among Western nations as a target for Islamic State-inspired terror attacks.

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com The likelihood of Australia suffering another terror attack is “probable”, as ranked on the National Terrorism Threat Level. “Credible intelligence, assessed by our security agencies indicates that individuals or groups have developed both the intent and capability to conduct a terrorist attack in Australia,” according to Australian National Security. Here are some of the most recent alleged “imminent terror attacks” Australia has narrowly escaped: PLOT: BEHEAD A MEMBER OF THE PUBLIC IN SYDNEY October 2016 Two schoolboys who were allegedly preparing for a terror attack in Sydney’s southwest, with police alleging they had links to the Islamic State, were arrested and refused bail on Wednesday. The 16-year-olds were detained in a laneway behind a Bankstown mosque about midday, hours after they allegedly bought two bayonets at a local gun shop. Police wearing protective vests headed to the prayer hall after officers received information about the alleged purchase of the knives. The pair allegedly also had pieces of paper with religious statements on them, which the Daily Telegraph reported they planned to read out while they carried out a beheading. Police said the students, who were due to start their HSC exams at East Hill Boys High on Thursday, may have been influenced by “radicalised peers”. One is related to a convicted terrorist and refused to stand for the national anthem at school two years ago. PLOT: DETONATE EXPLOSIVES IN MELBOURNE August 2016 Operation Fortaleza disrupted an alleged domestic terrorist attack at an undisclosed location in Melbourne, potentially involving improvised explosive devices. The AFP has not responded to questions from news.com.au in relation to this incident. PLOT: STAB A NSW POLICE OFFICER TO DEATH June 2016 A Sydney teenager allegedly planned a “serious” terror attack — potentially involving a knife — on a police officer in NSW. The 17-year-old was charged with a “terrorism-related offence” after police were alerted to a series of social media posts where the teen had threatened to kill a police officer. He was charged with planning a terrorist act and using a telecommunications network to commit a serious offence, police said in a statement. NSW Police Commissioner Andrew Scipione told media the teen “talked about ... killing a police officer” in the post. “It talked about hurting a police officer, in fact killing a police ... officer,” Mr Scipione said. Mr Scipione said the individual “indicated he proposed to act in the very, very near vicinity in terms of time”. “He was allegedly going to conduct any act within a very short period of time,” he said. PLOT: ACQUIRE FIREARM AND SHOOT CIVILIANS IN SYDNEY May 2016 A Sydney man, 18, who had allegedly bid to join extremists in Syria, was accused of

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com planning an imminent lone-wolf terror attack in Australia. Attorney-General George Brandis said authorities had not acted until relatively late so more evidence could be gathered. The man was “in the process” of acquiring a weapon, he told reporters. “The judgment of the police was that he was intending to put it to use imminently,” Mr Brandis said. He had allegedly been scouting out possible sites in Sydney to carry out the attack. PLOT: BEHEAD A POLICE OFFICER & SHOOT CIVILIANS ON ANZAC DAY April 2016 Sevdet Ramadan Besim, 19, pleaded guilty to a plot to run over and then behead a police officer before using his gun in a bloody rampage, after his plan was foiled. A court heard he used an encrypted messaging app to try and obtain a gun to “terrorise” the “kafirs” on Anzac Day. He allegedly wrote he was “ready to fight these dogs on there (sic) doorstep” in online communications with a person overseas, according to court documents. “I’d love to take out some cops,” Besim is alleged to have written. “I was gonna meet with them then take some heads ahaha.” Besim was in regular communication with a teenager in the United Kingdom, who encouraged him to not only carry out the Anzac Day attack, but to break into someone’s home “and get your first taste of beheading’’. Crown prosecutor Chris Choi said Besim, an electrical apprentice, tried to obtain a gun for an Anzac Day attack and, when that failed, a bomb manual. He said he targeted April 25, “because here in Australia the kafir (non-Muslims) celebrate Anzac Day and I want to terrorise them on that day”, Ms Choi said. He sent a text on April 16, “I want to learn how to make a bomb”. The Islamic State flag appeared in his messaging avatar, Ms Choi said. The Hallam teen was handed a 10-year jail sentence in the Victorian Supreme Court in September 2016 and must serve at least seven and a half before he is eligible for parole. Police said he was motivated by an extremist ideology and had expressed support for terrorist organisations, particularly Islamic State, which adopt a radical interpretation of Islam. PLOT: TARGET PARRAMATTA WESTFIELD Jan-Feb. 2016 One of two accused terror plotters who allegedly planned to carry out a terror attack at Parramatta Westfield was found with a hunting knife and a Shahada flag in her handbag as well as instructions for making a bomb detonator. The teenager laughed and cheered as a Sydney court heard evidence of her “favourite” beheading video. PLOT: BOMB MELBOURNE’S MOTHER’S DAY CLASSIC EVENT May 2015 A teen terrorist who planned to detonate bombs at a Mother’s Day event in Melbourne described all non-Muslims as cockroaches. Police raided the teen’s home on May 8 after he began messaging radicals overseas that he would become a martyr. Counter-terrorism officers found IS propaganda material, pressure cookers, pipe

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com bombs, shrapnel and homemade explosive that the teen now admits were to be used in a bombing. “I thought that a lot of (Australian) people were not innocent because they were supporters of the killing of Muslims around the world,” the teen allegedly said. PLOT: KILL POLICE AT ANZAC DAY CEREMONIES April 2015 Aspiring terrorists allegedly planned to run over a police officer, kill him with a knife and seize his gun before going on a shooting rampage during Anzac Day centenary celebrations in an attack foiled by a police operation. The group behind the alleged plot had reportedly anticipated the attack on Melbourne streets would end in their own deaths. Australian police arrested five teenagers in Melbourne over their alleged plans to target police uncovering knives and other weapons in their raids. ALLEGED PLOT: TO BEHEAD INNOCENT PEOPLE February 2015 Two Sydney friends were arrested just hours before they planned to carry out a terror attack. Omar al-Kutobi, 24, and Mohammad Kiad, 25 were accused of planning to carry out an attack, amid suspicions they were plotting a public beheading. A machete, a hunting knife and a flag associated with Islamic State were among items seized in the raids on their Fairfield home, along with a video of Al-Kutobi holding knives and vowing to stab white people in the kidneys and necks “today” with a note declaring he and Kiad “are here to cut your head”. Less than a week before they were due to face trial, the pair pleaded guilty in the NSW Supreme Court to one count each of “to act in preparation/planning for terrorist act” . PLOT: TARGET GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS December 2014-March 2016 A Sydney teenager accused of plotting an “imminent” terrorist shooting in Sydney had allegedly scoped out the Parramatta court complex, Garden Island Navy Base and the Victoria Barracks before he was arrested as part of Operation Appleby. The original plot involved alleged planning of an attack on a random member of the public. Police said the second plot “may have involved an attack on a government building, whether that be AFP or police”. PLOT: KIDNAP INNOCENT PEOPLE IN SYDNEY & BRISBANE THEN BEHEAD THEM ON CAMERA September 2014 An accused terror plotter was within days of launching a terror attack on Australian soil, embarking on a frenzied, deadly shopping spree to load up on weapons, before he was arrested, police alleged. Police said the man planned to launch a terror attack on home soil. Government officials revealed that the plan was to kidnap random members of the public, behead them on camera and then release the video of the killings. The man was charged with transporting a gun and stockpiling machetes, knives and balaclavas, military clothing and a firearm in preparation for a terrorist act. The public should continue to exercise caution and report any suspicious incidents to the National Security Hotline by calling 1800 1234 00. Life-threatening situations should

converted by Web2PDFConvert.com be reported to the police by calling triple-0 (000). [email protected]

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COMMENT DECEMBER 18 2014 SAVE PRINT LICENSE ARTICLE Monis proves we need to sort out our immigration mistakes

Paul Sheehan

MORSEHARE TWEET

Now for the cover-up. Australians are entitled to know, but are highly unlikely to be told, who were the lawyers and officials who advocated that Man Haron Monis be allowed to live in Australia, and then granted citizenship, despite red flag after red flag that he was trouble.

Magistrates, lawyers and police prosecutors collectively decided that Monis, with Advertisement a long history of harassing behaviour, with links to the brutal murder of his former wife, with charges for sexual assaults of multiple women, with a history of extreme political views, with convictions for writing threatening letters, and with an open HUFFPOST AUSTRALIA record of support for , was deemed no threat to society.

Right at the start, in 1996, when Monis claimed political asylum, the Iranian The Trailer For The 'Baywatch' Movie No ... authorities made it clear that he had been charged with multiple counts of theft that had nothing to do with either political persecution or capital crimes. The Iranian foreign ministry reiterated this week that his psychological instability and John Glenn Dead At 95: He criminal charges were known to Australian officials when they granted him asylum Served His ... status.

Within months, Monis had chained himself to the front gate of state Parliament in Macquarie Street in a political protest. He was later given citizenship.

Monis is a classic case study of why Australia needs to have probationary conditions applied to the residence status and then citizenship granted to immigrants, refugees and asylum-seekers. To cover for mistakes, this probationary status needs to be rigorous and lengthy.

Australians take security seriously, starting with border integrity. The moral vanity of former prime minister Kevin Rudd, in giving a green light to people smugglers, was a key reason the public handed him a smashing defeat when he was voted out of power last year.

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Advertisement 4 NDIS’ sorry side-effect The instability through the Muslim world is growing worse. Thousands of Muslims 5 Armidale versus Canberra: It's not just are killing thousands of Muslims, leaving millions of Muslims displaced. The about fat cat public servants murder of more than 100 school children in Pakistan on Tuesday is the latest numbing instalment of the butchery being carried out in the name of Islam in Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Libya, Pakistan, Somalia, Yemen, Chad and Kenya. Egypt is under martial law. Iran is a theocracy. Numerous outbreaks of jihad- FOLLOW CANBERRA TIMES inspired violence have taken place in Western Europe, Russia, Canada, the United States and Australia.

With instability growing in the Muslim world, the tacit policy of open borders, advocated by the Greens and the churches, would have seen the 50,000 people who bypassed Australian immigration under Labor grow exponentially. Noone in the Greens or the churches offers structures setting limits, not 100,000 undocumented arrivals, or 200,000, or 500,000. Only compassion without limits. This has been sensibly and emphatically rejected by the electorate.

No limits were placed on Man Haron Monis. The District Court gave him a slap after he was convicted of writing dozens of harassing letters to the families of dead soldiers. He and his wife, Amirah Droudis, were provided with tens of thousands of dollars in legal aid as they pursued vexatious appeals all the way to the High Court. He was free on bail with multiple charges pending against him.

Less than three months ago, Abdul Numan Haider, 18, was shot and killed after he stabbed and seriously wounded a police officer in Melbourne. His crime, like that of Monis, was explicitly in support of Islamic State. The headband worn by Monis when he took hostages bore the inscription, in Arabic: "We are ready to sacrifice for you, O Mohammad."

He was responding to the call from Islamic State for Muslims to engage in individual acts of violence against non-believers. This call has not succeeded because the overwhelming majority of Muslims reject the rantings of Islamic State and are appalled by the actions taken in the name of Islam by people like Monis.

Australians understand this. But everyone also knows that thousands of Muslims have travelled to Syria and Iraq to join the barbarous IS.

A dissident former army major, Bernie Gaynor Jnr, says that more Australian Muslims have gone to fight with IS than have enlisted in the Australian Army this year. His claim has not been disputed by the Army.

Twitter: @Paul_Sheehan_

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