DOCSLIB.ORG

Adam Keller Topaz 8Th Struggle and Conflict 5 Hours Contemporary Factors: Kazakhstan Possesses the Tenth Largest Oil Reserves in the World

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Adam Keller Topaz 8Th Struggle and Conflict 5 Hours Contemporary Factors: Kazakhstan Possesses the Tenth Largest Oil Reserves in the World Adam Keller Topaz 8th Struggle and Conflict 5 hours Contemporary factors: Kazakhstan possesses the tenth largest oil reserves in the world. In addition to state funded infrastructure, Kazakhstan has also partnered with foreign nations (China, Russia) and oil corporations (Exxon Mobil) in order to develop its infrastructure. Kazakhstan also has tremendous uranium, coal, gold, copper, and manganese reserves. Uranium is essential for energy production. Kazakhstan’s uranium industry has been diversifying its products, by selling not just raw uranium, but also processed pellets and fuel. Coal is a major source of Kazakhstan’s domestic energy market. Gold and copper have great value in the international commodities market. Manganese may not seem important, yet the steel industry depends on manganese for essential alloys. History: While Kazakhstan has a long and complicated history, its role in the former Soviet Union has had the greatest influence on the its current status. Today Kazakhstan occupies more land than any other former SSR (except Russia). It also enjoys greater natural resource reserves than any other former SSR (except Russia). Kazakhstan’s modern connection with Russia begins in 1822, when Russia first asserted its hegemony over the Kazakh tribes. About halfway through the classical industrial revolution, Russian and Ukrainian peasants were sent to Kazakhstan in order to extend Russian political hegemony into cultural and economic spheres. These peasants also set up early industry. In 1917, following the Bolshevik revolution, Kazakhstan erupted into a short period of civil war. 1920 saw the creation of a formally Russian led central Asian state: the Kyrgyz Autonomous Socialist Kazakhstan. In order to subjugate the Kazakh people, territory was divided to intentionally ignore ethnicity. This is one reason why Kazakhstan has great diversity today. Russia managed the Kazakh economy poorly. In the late 1920s – 1930s, the combination of high taxes and Russian agricultural “reform” starved one million Kazakhs to their deaths. In 1936, Kazakhstan was elevated to the status of full USSR membership. This led to greater trade, interconnectedness, and globalization vìs a vìs the USSR. In 1940, expanding upon the burgeoning diversity and modernization of Kazakhstan, hundreds of thousands of Tatars, Germans, and other ethnicities were forced to Kazakhstan. (Tatars and Germans to this day large comprise large minority ethnicities in Kazakhstan.) The early 1950s brought a different mass immigration to Kazakhstan. Nikita Khrushchev, leader of the Soviet Union, announced his “virgin lands” program. Two million Russians immigrated to Kazakhstan, dilution the proportion of ethnic Kazakhs to 30%. The government then seized and converted wild lands to cotton and wheat fields. This had a profound impact on the economy. Instead of industrializing Kazakhstan, the policy harmed nomadic Kazakhs who depended on meat and sustenance from the wilderness. As a result, citizens had to find new ways of life, for which they looked to agriculture and industry. The 1980s signalled the beginning of the end for the USSR and the Kazakh SSR. In 1986, massive riots took place in the capital Almaty after Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev appointed a Russian as leader of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan (CPK). In 1989, the Berlin Wall fell, catalysing the decline of the USSR. In 1991, Nursultan Nazarbayev became the first president of the now-independent Republic of Kazakhstan. He ran uncontested. Kazakhstan’s current democratic integrity is at best questionable; Nazarbayev has been in power for 20 years. The constitution has been amended many times specifically to keep Nazarbayev in power. In 1993, the presidential term was extended to 7 years, and the maximum age limit was removed. Under Nazarbayev, opposition leaders have frequently been assassinated, jailed, and exiled. Innovation/Infrastructure: Kazakhstan already has sizeable oil and gas infrastructure, and more infrastructure is built every year. Pipelines and facilities are constantly developing, as well as transportation infrastructure such as highways and railroads. Yet Kazakhstan suffers more from its semi-communist system than from a lack of infrastructure. The sovereign wealth fund of Kazakhstan, Samruk Kaznya, dominates almost every industry. Its vast holding include KazMunaiGas (oil), KazAtomProm (uranium), KazakhTelecom, Air Astana, United Chemical Company (uranium), National Mining Company, BTA Bank, Alliance Bank, Temirbank, and countless others. Almost no large corporations are privately owned. The evidence shows that Kazakhstan’s markets unfairly favour certain companies. Kazakhstan needs an ambitious and sustained privatization campaign. By 2018, I would have Samruk Kaznya slowly sell off its shares in these corporations, and require these companies to replace their CEOs and management. This would raise tremendous money for the government of Kazakhstan. According to the IMF, “Samruk Kaznya controls $77.5 billion dollars in assets, or 55.5% of GDP.” Kazakhstan should spend this $78 billion dollars on oil and transportation infrastructure to further the development of the nation. This infrastructure spending would raise GDP, development, and tax revenues, as well as create well- paying jobs. Kazakhstan needs not only privatization but also democratization. Nursultan Nazarbayev has governed the nation for twenty years. Nazarbayev amended the constitution in 1993, 1995, and 1998, each time increasing his power and term limits, as well as removing the maximum age limit for president. In 1999, Nazarbayev blocked his opponent, former PM Kashegeldin from running. In 2001, Nazarbayev purged his government by terminating anyone who had joined a reform movement known as “Democratic Choice.” In 2002, Mukhtar Ablyazov and Galymzhan Zhakiyanov, the founders of Democratic Choice, were jailed. In 2005, a prominent Nazarbayev critic was murdered, and in 2006, another opposition figure was murdered. Nazarbayev’s rubber stamp parliament has constrained the Internet, removed the presidential term limits, and declared a state of emergency over a protest. Kazakhstan must make significant democratic reforms. These must include a presidential term limit, harsh anti-corruption provisions, a reduction of police brutality, and greater (or existent) political freedom. BiBliography Space to Place, Adam Keller http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1298395.stm http://aboutkazakhstan.com/about-kazakhstan-history http://sk.kz http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2011/cr11150.pdf .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Logic of Kleptocracy: Corruption, Repression, and Political Opposition in Post-Soviet Eurasia Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92g1h187 Author LaPorte, Jody Marie Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Logic of Kleptocracy: Corruption, Repression, and Political Opposition in Post-Soviet Eurasia By Jody Marie LaPorte A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Jason Wittenberg, Co-chair Professor Michael S. Fish, Co-chair Professor David Collier Professor Victoria Bonnell Spring 2012 The Logic of Kleptocracy: Corruption, Repression, and Political Opposition in Post-Soviet Eurasia Copyright 2012 by Jody Marie LaPorte Abstract The Logic of Kleptocracy: Corruption, Repression, and Political Opposition in Post-Soviet Eurasia by Jody Marie LaPorte Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Berkeley Professor Jason Wittenberg, co-chair Professor Michael S. Fish, co-chair This dissertation asks why some non-democratic regimes give political opponents significant leeway to organize, while others enforce strict limits on such activities. I examine this question with reference to two in-depth case studies from post-Soviet Eurasia: Georgia under President Eduard Shevardnadze and Kazakhstan under President Nursultan Nazarbayev. While a non- democratic regime was in place in both countries, opposition was highly tolerated in Georgia, but not allowed in Kazakhstan. I argue that these divergent policies can be traced to variation in the predominant source and pattern of state corruption in each country.
    [Show full text]
  • Kazakhstan by Bhavna Dave
    Kazakhstan by Bhavna Dave Capital: Astana Population: 15.9 million GNI/capita, PPP: US$10,320 Source: !e data above was provided by !e World Bank, World Development Indicators 2011. Nations in Transit Ratings and Averaged Scores 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Electoral Process 6.25 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 Civil Society 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.75 5.75 5.50 5.50 5.75 5.75 Independent Media 6.00 6.25 6.50 6.50 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.50 6.75 6.75 Governance* 5.75 6.25 6.25 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a National Democratic 6.75 Governance n/a n/a n/a 6.50 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 Local Democratic 6.25 Governance n/a n/a n/a 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25 Judicial Framework 6.25 and Independence 6.00 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.00 6.25 Corruption 6.25 6.25 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 Democracy Score 5.96 6.17 6.25 6.29 6.39 6.39 6.39 6.32 6.43 6.43 * Starting with the 2005 edition, Freedom House introduced separate analysis and ratings for national democratic governance and local democratic governance to provide readers with more detailed and nuanced analysis of these two important subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Mukhtar Ablyazov the Case of Tatiana Paraskevich The
    www.odfoundation.eu The case of Mukhtar Ablyazov The case of Tatiana Paraskevich The case of Alma Shalabayeva The case of Muratbek Ketebayev The case of Alexandr Pavlov www.odfoundation.eu Contents 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (page 3) 2. The case of Mukhtar Ablyazov……………………………………………………………………………….. (page 7) 3. The case of Tatiana Paraskevich……………………………………………………………………………… (page 14) 4. The case of Alma Shalabayeva……………………………………………………………………………….. (page 17) 5. The case of Muratbek Ketebayev…………………………………………………………………………… (page 21) 6. The case of Alexandr Pavlov…………………………………………………………………………………… (page 23) 7. The cooperation of the intelligence services of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Ukraine and the Russian Federation and the prevalence of torture in these (page 28) countries……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8. Examples of misuse of the Interpol system by the countries in which human rights are violated………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (page 32) 9. Conclusions and recommendations……………………………………………………………………….. (page 35) Appendix 1. Documents relating to the cooperation between Kazakh and Italian security agencies through Interpol channels on the case of Alma Shalabayeva………….. (page 39) Appendix 2. The inquiry of the members of the Polish Sejm, Marcin Święcicki and Ligia Krajewska to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland, Radosław (page 43) Sikorski, regarding the deportation of activists of political opposition to Kazakhstan… Appendix 3. The response of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland to the inquiry of the members of the Polish Sejm, Marcin Święcicki and Ligia (page 45) Krajewska…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 www.odfoundation.eu 1. INTRODUCTION During its 22nd annual meeting, the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly expressed its regret that some OSCE participating states, seeking the arrest of opponents on politically motivated charges, continue to misuse the Interpol system.
    [Show full text]
  • Kazakhstan Page 1 of 26
    Kazakhstan Page 1 of 26 Kazakhstan Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2003 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 25, 2004 The Constitution of Kazakhstan concentrates power in the presidency. President Nursultan Nazarbayev was elected to a 7-year term in a 1999 election that fell far short of international standards. President Nazarbayev was the dominant political figure. The Constitution permits the President to control the legislature and judiciary, as well as regional and local governments; changes or amendments to the Constitution require the President's consent. The law allows the President to maintain certain policy prerogatives and a seat on the Security Council after he leaves office. The Constitution limits Parliament's powers by precluding it from appropriating state money or lowering taxes without executive branch approval, although Members of Parliament (M.P.s) have the right to introduce legislation. Parliamentary elections in 1999 were an improvement over the presidential election, but fell short of the country's commitments as a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). Maslikhat elections in September and October were marked by irregularities, and most analysts agreed that non-OSCE compliant electoral legislation disadvantaged opposition candidates. The judiciary remained under the control of the President and the executive branch, and corruption remained deeply rooted. The Committee for National Security (KNB) is responsible for national security, intelligence, and counterintelligence. The Ministry of Interior (MVD) supervises the police. In September, the President appointed a civilian as Interior Minister for the first time in the country's history.
    [Show full text]
  • United Chemical Company
    UNITED CHEMICAL COMPANY OVERVIEW AND HIGHLIGHTS Nursultan Shalkarov Project Manager 2021, Nur-Sultan UCC PROFILE “United Chemical Company” LLP (UCC) was established in order to develop chemical industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan and is а subsidiary of "National Welfare Fund "Samruk-Kazyna" JSC, an Investment Holding possessing total assets in the amount of more than $68.4 billion in oil and gas production/transportation, logistics, chemical, nuclear, mining and smelting, energy, mechanical engineering, real estate and venture funds. Most of UCC's initiatives are located in the special economic zones established to provide investment opportunities such as affordable feedstock availability, ready-to-use infrastructure, free allocation of land plots, neighborhood with the largest growing markets of the CIS countries and China, the existence of various sources of raw materials, preferential taxation and customs regulations. UCC products produced Polypropylene Sulphuric acid BOPP-film bags Glyphosate Glyphosate herbicide (liq.) herbicide 6 PROJECTS IMPLEMENTATION LOCATION PROJECTS CAPACITY PERIOD STAGE Polyethylene 1 250 KTA DFS-FEED Gate Construction works complete Polypropylene 500 KTA 2017-2021 ~ 79% ▪ BOPP – 10 KTA Polymer Production ▪ PE film – 4 KTA 2012-2015 Operation ▪ PP bags – 24 mln. pcs. SEZ SEZ Polyether Polyols 100 - 150 KTA 2021 - 2027 Concept NIPT ATYRAU NIPT Monamin 15 KTA 2020-2024 Business plan ▪ Caustic soda 20 KTA Chlor-alkali ▪ Iron chloride 10 Kta 2021-2024 Business plan - DFS Gate ▪ Hypochlorite calcium 15 KTA Hydrogen peroxide 10 KTA 2020-2024 Business plan - DFS Gate DFS-FEED Gate Urea 887 KTA 2019-2025 Conclusion of JVA SEZ SEZ TARAZ TARAZ PE and PP (MTO) Up to 1 bcm of natural gas (feedstock) 2020-2025 Concept ▪ Liquid – 2,9 mln.
    [Show full text]
  • The Formal Political System in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan
    Forschungsstelle Osteuropa Bremen Arbeitspapiere und Materialien No. 107 – March 2010 The Formal Political System in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. A Background Study By Andreas Heinrich Forschungsstelle Osteuropa an der Universität Bremen Klagenfurter Straße 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany phone +49 421 218-69601, fax +49 421 218-69607 http://www.forschungsstelle.uni-bremen.de Arbeitspapiere und Materialien – Forschungsstelle Osteuropa, Bremen No. 107: Andreas Heinrich The Formal Political System in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. A Background Study March 2010 ISSN: 1616-7384 About the author: Andreas Heinrich is a researcher at the Research Centre for East European Studies at the University of Bremen. This working paper has been produced within the research project ‘The Energy Sector and the Political Stability of Regimes in the Caspian Area: A Comparison of Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan’, which is being conducted by the Research Centre for East European Studies at the University of Bremen from April 2009 until April 2011 with financial support from the Volkswagen Foundation. Language editing: Hilary Abuhove Style editing: Judith Janiszewski Layout: Matthias Neumann Cover based on a work of art by Nicholas Bodde Opinions expressed in publications of the Research Centre for East European Studies are solely those of the authors. This publication may not be reprinted or otherwise reproduced—entirely or in part—without prior consent of the Research Centre for East European Studies or without giving credit to author and source. © 2010 by Forschungsstelle Osteuropa, Bremen Forschungsstelle Osteuropa Publikationsreferat Klagenfurter Str. 3 28359 Bremen – Germany phone: +49 421 218-69601 fax: +49 421 218-69607 e-mail: [email protected] internet: http://www.forschungsstelle.uni-bremen.de Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................................5 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Sources of Political Cleavage and Conflict in the Post-Soviet Period Barbara Junisbai a a Kennan Institute
    This article was downloaded by: [Junisbai, Barbara] On: 6 February 2010 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 919112814] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Europe-Asia Studies Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713414944 A Tale of Two Kazakhstans: Sources of Political Cleavage and Conflict in the Post-Soviet Period Barbara Junisbai a a Kennan Institute, Online publication date: 05 February 2010 To cite this Article Junisbai, Barbara(2010) 'A Tale of Two Kazakhstans: Sources of Political Cleavage and Conflict in the Post-Soviet Period', Europe-Asia Studies, 62: 2, 235 — 269 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/09668130903506813 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668130903506813 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dynamics of Political Stability in Central Asian Republics – the Case of Kazakhstan Master's Thesis
    T.C. TURKISH-GERMAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES MASTER OF EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS THE DYNAMICS OF POLITICAL STABILITY IN CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS – THE CASE OF KAZAKHSTAN MASTER'S THESIS Çağla KALKAN ADVISOR Prof. Dr. Murat ERDOĞAN ISTANBUL, November 2020 i THE DYNAMICS OF POLITICAL STABILITY IN CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS – THE CASE OF KAZAKHSTAN Çağla KALKAN Turkish – German University Institute of Social Sciences Department of European and International Affairs Master’s Thesis ISTANBUL, 2020 ii Abstract This master thesis tried to find the unique dynamics of the region in order to ensure and maintain political stability in Central Asia. In this regard, the conditions necessary for the clans and the political authority to maintain balance in the region have been examined. The change of the clans in Kazakhstan over the years and how they kept up with the Soviet system are explained. The political life and clans’ relations in Kazakhstan have been examined. The political methods followed by Nazarbayev, who served for a long time, to establish the balance between the clans are listed. The protests of Zhanaozen, one of the events that shook the authority of Nazarbayev the most, were chosen as a case study. The "Socio-political corporatism" argument of Vadim Volovoj was tested by the 2011 Zhanaozen uprising in Kazakhstan. In this event, the conflict of interest between the clans and the political authority was proved and the socio-economic level was controlled. No deterioration in the socio- economic level was detected within five years before the events. It is emphasized by a case study that the socio-economic level is an important dynamic during the conflict between clans and political authority.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Industry Trends
    RESEARCH & KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT CHEMICAL INDUSTRY TRENDS 5 September 2016 Chemical Industry Table of content 1. Key highlights 3 2. Overview of the global chemical industry 4 3. Chemical industry in Kazakhstan 7 4. Potential markets for Kazakhstan’s chemical industry 10 4.1 Polypropylene 11 4.2 Fertilizers 14 4.3 Pesticides, herbicides and insecticides 18 5. Key trends in the global chemical industry 20 5.1 Asia is the main source of growth 21 5.2 Demographics change 21 5.3 Increasing role of R&D 22 5.4 Globalization and consolidation of the chemical industry 23 5.5 Shale gas & oil revolutionizing the chemicals market 24 5.6 Green growth and strengthening regulation 25 6. Conclusion 26 REFER TO DISCLAIMER & DISCLOSURES AT THE END OF THIS PUBLICATION 2 Chemical Industry 1. Key highlights Global chemical output (excluding pharmaceuticals)1 grew by 3.6% in 2015 reaching USD3tln. Declining oil prices stimulated production by reducing prices of feedstock. However, production was hampered by poor economic performance across emerging countries (especially Russia and Brazil). China continues to be the driver of growth despite economic slowdown. By 2030, global chemicals sales are expected to reach EUR6.3tln, with pesticides and specialty polymers being the main drivers of growth. China’s share of the global market will increase to EUR2.75tln or 44%, while the EU, North America, Japan and the rest of Asia are going to lose their relative share of the market despite growth in absolute terms. Key trends in the global chemical industry are: o Shift in global growth dynamics: Asia is the main driver of the chemical industry.
    [Show full text]
  • The Year 2016 Marks the 15Th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Largest Opposition Movement in the History of Kazakhstan
    www.odfoundation.eu The year 2016 marks the 15th anniversary of the establishment of the largest opposition movement in the history of Kazakhstan The report was published on: 29 January 2016 www.odfoundation.eu The Open Dialog Foundation was established in Poland, in 2009, on the initiative of Lyudmyla Kozlovska (who is currently the President of the Foundation). The statutory objectives of the Foundation include the protection of human rights, democracy and rule of law in the post-Soviet area. Particular attention of the Foundation is focused on the region’s largest countries: Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine. The Foundation pursues its goals through the organisation of observation missions, including election observation and monitoring of the human rights situation in the post-Soviet area. Based on these activities, the Foundation creates its reports and distributes them among the institutions of the EU, the OSCE and other international organisations, foreign ministries and parliaments of EU countries, analytical centres and media. In addition to observational and analytical activities, the Foundation is actively engaged in cooperation with members of parliaments involved in foreign affairs, human rights and relationships with the post-Soviet countries, in order to support the process of democratisation and liberalisation of their internal policies. Significant areas of the Foundation's activities also include support programmes for political prisoners and refugees. The Foundation has its permanent representative offices in Warsaw, Kiev
    [Show full text]
  • Kazakhstan: Overview of Press Articles
    KAZAKHSTAN: OVERVIEW OF PRESS ARTICLES Kazakhstan Could Lead OSCE In 2009 March 27, 2006 The chairman of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) told Kazakhstan that it has a better chance of leading the organization in 2009 than any other Central Asian state. However, Belgian Foreign Minister Karel De Gucht told Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev that, for that to happen, key political reforms must be undertaken. De Gucht said he put "a lot of emphasis" on the need for far-reaching reforms during his talks with Nazarbayev. De Gucht is due to travel to the country's economic capital Almaty for talks with opposition representatives. Source: AFP Kazakh President Calls For Larger Parliament March 24, 2006 Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev suggested that the country's parliament should be expanded. At the moment, there are 116 members of parliament, 77 in the lower house, the Mazhilis, and 39 in the upper house, the Senate. Nazarbayev was speaking at the first session of a state commission convened to formulate democratic reforms. Nazarbayev called on the commission to analyse all proposed constitutional amendments closely. On March 23, Minister of Culture, Information and Sport Yermukhamet Yertysbayev suggested that the constitutional reforms would result in early parliamentary elections. Source: Interfax Central Asia: Uzbek And Kazakh Presidents Boost Cooperation March 21, 2006 Uzbek President Islam Karimov said his March 20 meeting with his Kazakh counterpart Nursultan Nazarbayev has "an unprecedented significance". Nazarbayev arrived in Tashkent on March 19 for the first state visit between these two countries. It is also the first state visit since Nazarbayev was re-elected in last December's presidential polls.
    [Show full text]
  • The Construction of New Coal Processing Plant
    The construction of new coal processing plant Project overview: Project description: The construction of new coal processing plant with the purpose Location: Karagandy region of producing fuel and diesel oil by applying Fischer–Tropsch processing method. Total cost of the project: $ 3 000 mln USD Product output: Diesel oil Time span: 2015-2020 Capacity: Up to 500 th.tons of diesel oil per annum Project initiators: Kazmunaigaz JSC – the leading company in Sources of raw materials: Kazakhstan dealing with oil refining and Coal mines of JV Arbat LLC as well as Razrez Kuznetsky LLC sales of petroleum products Market: Kazakhstan, Custom union, China JV Arbat LLC has full ownership over the exploitation of Shubarkul coal mine deposit Financing scheme: Kazmunaigaz JSC – 25% JV Arbat LLC – 25% Razrez Kuznetsky LL Chas full ownership over the exploitation of Verhnesokurskoe Razrez Kuznetsky LLC – 25% coal mine deposit Required – up to 25% The construction of new power plant consisting of two units 660 MW each Project overview: Project description: Location: Aksu 2 city, Pavlodar region Two units with the total capacity 1320 МW (2 х 660 MW), Republic of Kazakhstan project site has been selected with the possibility of expansion for two more power units 660 MW each. Total cost of the project: $ 2 640 mln Each steam boiler will be designed to be direct-flow, balanced USD rod, supercritical level, reheat, for internal layout in confined Time span: To be considered spaces. Steam generator shall be capable to work on powdered Project initiator: fuel. Fuel: Ekibastuz coal (КCH 300) Eurasian Group LLP - one of the largest ‐ producers of energy and coal in Level of output voltage: Kazakhstan.
    [Show full text]