August 2013 The integration of formerly deported people in Crimea, Ukraine: Needs assessment The integration of formerly deported people in Crimea, Ukraine Needs assessment August 2013 Published and disseminated by the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities (HCNM). Please feel free to copy any information from this document provided the source is cited. ISBN/EAN: 978-90-75989-15-1 © OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities 2013 Printed in the Netherlands Also available electronically at: www.osce.org/hcnm/78053 For further information, please contact: OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities Prinsessegracht 22 2514 AP The Hague The Netherlands Tel: +31 (0)70 312 5500 Fax: +31 (0)70 636 5910 Email:
[email protected] Website: www.osce.org/hcnm This publication was made possible by financial support from the The integration of formerly deported people in Crimea, Ukraine: Needs assessment Contents 1. Introduction 2 2. Legal aspects of return 4 3. Land, housing and property 9 4. Political participation 15 5. Socio-economic aspects of return and integration 19 6. Language, culture and religion 22 7. Education 27 8. Conclusions 30 - 1 - The integration of formerly deported people in Crimea, Ukraine: Needs assessment 1. IntroduCtIon Strategically located in the Black Sea, the Ukrainian peninsula of Crimea has a long and complex history of strife. Although various groups claim it as their homeland based on historical periods during which they dominated the peninsula, Crimea has always had a multi-ethnic society. Crimea’s rich ethnic, linguistic, religious and cultural diversity, its history of competing claims for dominance and other contextual factors put it at enhanced risk of inter-ethnic tensions.