Situation in Der Ukraine: Verordnung Vom 2
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Minsk II a Fragile Ceasefire
Briefing 16 July 2015 Ukraine: Follow-up of Minsk II A fragile ceasefire SUMMARY Four months after leaders from France, Germany, Ukraine and Russia reached a 13-point 'Package of measures for the implementation of the Minsk agreements' ('Minsk II') on 12 February 2015, the ceasefire is crumbling. The pressure on Kyiv to contribute to a de-escalation and comply with Minsk II continues to grow. While Moscow still denies accusations that there are Russian soldiers in eastern Ukraine, Russian President Vladimir Putin publicly admitted in March 2015 to having invaded Crimea. There is mounting evidence that Moscow continues to play an active military role in eastern Ukraine. The multidimensional conflict is eroding the country's stability on all fronts. While the situation on both the military and the economic front is acute, the country is under pressure to conduct wide-reaching reforms to meet its international obligations. In addition, Russia is challenging Ukraine's identity as a sovereign nation state with a wide range of disinformation tools. Against this backdrop, the international community and the EU are under increasing pressure to react. In the following pages, the current status of the Minsk II agreement is assessed and other recent key developments in Ukraine and beyond examined. This briefing brings up to date that of 16 March 2015, 'Ukraine after Minsk II: the next level – Hybrid responses to hybrid threats?'. In this briefing: • Minsk II – still standing on the ground? • Security-related implications of the crisis • Russian disinformation -
Understanding Russia Better Through Her History: Sevastopol, an Enduring Geostrategic Centre of Gravity
UNDERSTANDING RUSSIA BETTER THROUGH HER HISTORY: SEVASTOPOL, AN ENDURING GEOSTRATEGIC CENTRE OF GRAVITY Recent events in Crimea, Eastern Ukraine and Syria have aerospace industries, made Sevastopol a closed city during brought Russia’s increasingly assertive foreign policy and the Cold War. Thereafter, despite being under Ukrainian burgeoning military power into sharp relief. Such shows of jurisdiction until March 2014, it remained very much a force surprised those in the West who thought that a new, Russian city, in which the Russian national flag always flew pacific and friendly Russia would emerge from the former higher than the Ukrainian. Soviet Union. That has never been Russia’s way as a major Furthermore, the Russian world power. This monograph argues that Vladimir Putin’s Navy continued to control the “” Russia has done no more than act in an historically consistent port leased from the Ukraine, Sevastopol’s and largely predictable manner. Specifically, it seeks to including its navigation systems. population, explain why possession of Sevastopol – the home of the Sevastopol’s population, Black Sea Fleet for more than 200 years – provides Russia containing many military containing many with considerable geostrategic advantage, one that is being retirees and their dependants, military retirees and exploited today in support of her current operations in Syria. remained fiercely loyal to Russia their dependants, and never accepted Ukrainian Sevastopol, and more particularly its ancient predecessor, rule – which they judged as a remained fiercely the former Greek city of Chersonesos, has a highly-symbolic historical accident at best, or, at loyal to Russia and place in Russia’s history and sense of nationhood. -
Russia in Figures. 2017: Statistical Handbook/Rosstat - M., 2017 - 511 P
FEDERAL STATE STATISTICS SERVICE (Rosstat) RUSSIA IN FIGURES 2017 STATISTICAL HANDBOOK Moscow 2017 UDK 31(470) Editorial Board: A. Surinov - Chairman of the Editorial Board E. Baranov, N. Bugakova, M. Gelvanovsky, L. Gokhberg, S. Egorenko, V. Elizarov, V. Zhitkov, Yu. Ivanov, A. Kevesh, A. Kosarev, K. Laikam, I. Masakova, V. Nesterov, G. Oksenoit, O. Rybak, B. Ryabushkin, A. Tatarinov, A. Khoroshilov Russia in Figures. 2017: Statistical Handbook/Rosstat - M., 2017 - 511 p. ISBN 978-5-89476-436-8 The handbook contains information on the social and eco- nomic situation of Russia in 2016 as compared with the previous years. It presents data characterizing the state structure of the Russian Federation, production and use of the Gross Domestic Product. Information is published on the population, its employ- ment and money incomes. The handbook highlights problems of social field, results of R&D work and innovation activities, fin- ances, investments, prices and tariffs. Some materials are dedi- cated to situation in organizations of different economic activi- ties. Reflected are the external economic activities of the Rus- sian Federation. Selected international comparisons are also given. The handbook is intended for managerial personnel, man- agers and employees of enterprises and organizations, scientif- ic, entrepreneurial and banking circles, professors and lecturers, under-graduate and post-graduate students of higher economic education institutions and other users. UDK 31(470) ISBN 978-5-89476-436-8 Federal State Statistics Service, 2017 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.gks.ru PREFACE The concise statistical handbook comprises main indicators cha- racterizing socio-economic situation of Russia in 2016 as compared with a number of previous years. -
City of Republican Significance. Number of Residents, Thousand People: 379.5 Total Area, Sq
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CITY STATUS: CITY OF REPUBLICAN SIGNIFICANCE. NUMBER OF RESIDENTS, THOUSAND PEOPLE: 379.5 TOTAL AREA, SQ. KM: 1079.6; (by land: 863.5 sq. km) DENSITY OF POPULATION (persons per 1 sq. km): 439 TOTAL NUMBER OF SETTLEMENTS: 29 The city of Sevastopol is an administrative and territorial unit of Ukraine with a special status, which includes four districts (Leninskyy, Nakhimoskyy, Balaklavskyy, and Gagarinskyy), city of Inkerman (city of district significance), and 29 villages and settlements. Sevastopol is one of the biggest non-freezing commercial and fishing seaports. It is an industrial, scientific, technical, recreational, cultural and historical center in the south of Ukraine. The city is situated in the south-western part of the Crimean peninsula on the same latitude as the Italian city of Milan and the French city of Lion. The distance from Sevastopol to Kyiv is 1,050 km, 1,500 km to Moscow, 85 km to Yalta, 490 km to Istanbul, 1,700 km to Rome, 2,100 to Marseille, 2,400 km to Paris, and 2,800 km to London. The Sevastopol region borders with the Bakhchysaray rayon in the north-east and with the Greater Yalta in the south-east. The region is washed by the warm waters of the Black Sea in the west and south. The total land area of the Sevastopol region constitutes 863.5 sq. km, of which 12% are inhabited, 29% are occupied by agricultiural lands, 41% are occupied by forests and noubtains, 25% are represented by the industrial and residential districts, and 6% (57 sq. -
The Annexation of Crimea
IB GLOBAL POLITICS THE ANNEXATION OF CRIMEA CASE STUDY UWC COSTA RICA WWW.GLOPOIB.WORDPRESS.COM WWW.GLOPOIB.WORDPRESS.COM 1 MAP Map taken from the Economist website at https://www.economist.com/europe/2019/06/08/crimea-is-still-in- limbo-five-years-after-russia-seized-it WWW.GLOPOIB.WORDPRESS.COM 2 INTRODUCTION Ukraine’s most prolonged and deadly crisis By 2010, Ukraine’s fifty richest people since its post-Soviet independence began as a controlled nearly half of the country’s gross protest against the government dropping plans domestic product, writes Andrew Wilson in the to forge closer trade ties with the European CFR book Pathways to Freedom. Union, and has since spurred escalating tensions between Russia and Western powers. A reformist tide briefly crested in 2004 when The crisis stems from more than twenty years of the Orange Revolution, set off by a rigged weak governance, a lopsided economy presidential election won by Yanukovich, dominated by oligarchs, heavy reliance on brought Viktor Yushchenko to the presidency. Russia, and sharp differences between Yet infighting among elites hampered reforms, Ukraine’s linguistically, religiously, and and severe economic troubles resurged with ethnically distinct eastern and western regions. the global economic crisis of 2008. The revolution also masked the divide between After the ouster of President Viktor Yanukovich European-oriented western and central in February 2014, Russia annexed the Crimean Ukraine and Russian-oriented southern and peninsula and the port city of Sevastopol, and eastern Ukraine. deployed tens of thousands of forces near the border of eastern Ukraine, where conflict Campaigning on a platform of closer ties with erupted between pro-Russian separatists and Russia, Yanukovich won the 2010 presidential the new government in Kiev. -
Russian Federation State Actors of Protection
European Asylum Support Office EASO Country of Origin Information Report Russian Federation State Actors of Protection March 2017 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION European Asylum Support Office EASO Country of Origin Information Report Russian Federation State Actors of Protection March 2017 Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Free phone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00800 numbers or these calls may be billed. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Print ISBN 978-92-9494-372-9 doi: 10.2847/502403 BZ-04-17-273-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-9494-373-6 doi: 10.2847/265043 BZ-04-17-273-EN-C © European Asylum Support Office 2017 Cover photo credit: JessAerons – Istockphoto.com Neither EASO nor any person acting on its behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained herein. EASO Country of Origin Report: Russian Federation – State Actors of Protection — 3 Acknowledgments EASO would like to acknowledge the following national COI units and asylum and migration departments as the co-authors of this report: Belgium, Cedoca (Center for Documentation and Research), Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons Poland, Country of Origin Information Unit, Department for Refugee Procedures, Office for Foreigners Sweden, Lifos, Centre for Country of Origin Information and Analysis, Swedish Migration Agency Norway, Landinfo, Country of -
International Crimes in Crimea
International Crimes in Crimea: An Assessment of Two and a Half Years of Russian Occupation SEPTEMBER 2016 Contents I. Introduction 6 A. Executive summary 6 B. The authors 7 C. Sources of information and methodology of documentation 7 II. Factual Background 8 A. A brief history of the Crimean Peninsula 8 B. Euromaidan 12 C. The invasion of Crimea 15 D. Two and a half years of occupation and the war in Donbas 23 III. Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court 27 IV. Contextual elements of international crimes 28 A. War crimes 28 B. Crimes against humanity 34 V. Willful killing, murder and enforced disappearances 38 A. Overview 38 B. The law 38 C. Summary of the evidence 39 D. Documented cases 41 E. Analysis 45 F. Conclusion 45 VI. Torture and other forms of inhuman treatment 46 A. Overview 46 B. The law 46 C. Summary of the evidence 47 D. Documented cases of torture and other forms of inhuman treatment 50 E. Analysis 59 F. Conclusion 59 VII. Illegal detention 60 A. Overview 60 B. The law 60 C. Summary of the evidence 62 D. Documented cases of illegal detention 66 E. Analysis 87 F. Conclusion 87 VIII. Forced displacement 88 A. Overview 88 B. The law 88 C. Summary of evidence 90 D. Analysis 93 E. Conclusion 93 IX. Crimes against public, private and cultural property 94 A. Overview 94 B. The law 94 C. Summary of evidence 96 D. Documented cases 99 E. Analysis 110 F. Conclusion 110 X. Persecution and collective punishment 111 A. Overview 111 B. -
78 Ukrainian Population of Crimea in 1989-2014: Specifics
ISSN 2414-1143 Научный альманах стран Причерноморья. 2021. Том 26. № 2 DOI 10.23947/2414-1143-2021-26-2-78-84 UDC 39:314 UKRAINIAN POPULATION OF CRIMEA IN 1989-2014: SPECIFICS OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSFORMATIONS1 Dmitry I. Uznarodov Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation [email protected] The specificity of the demographic transformations of the Ukrainian population of Crimea in the period from 1989 to 2014 is considered. Based on the analysis of the population censuses of 1989, 2001 and 2014, demo- graphic changes within the Ukrainian ethnos are revealed during two periods: from 1989 to 2001 and from 2001 to 2014. The analysis of changes in the number of the Ukrainian ethnic group in the context of the municipalities of the Crimean Peninsula is carried out. It is concluded that the percentage of the Ukrainian ethnic group in the struc- ture of the population of the Crimean Peninsula, which we could observe in the period from 1989 to 2001, was formed as a result of the policy of resettlement of citizens to this region in the late 1940-s and early 1950-s from various republics of the Soviet Union, mainly the RSFSR and the Ukrainian SSR. It is noted that the regions with the maximum number of the Ukrainian ethnic group are historically located in the northern regions of the Crimean Peninsula, and with the smallest – in the southern regions. The study showed that changes in the ethnic structure began to occur after the events of 2014 and the entry of Crimea into the Russian Federation, when, according to the 2014 population census, the number of Ukrainians in the republic, compared to 2001, decreased by almost 9%. -
Why Are Warm-Water Ports Important to Russian Security?
JEMEAA - FEATURE Why Are Warm- Water Ports Important to Russian Security? The Cases of Sevastopol and Tartus Compared TANVI CHAUHAN Abstract This article aims to examine why Russia’s warm-water ports are so important to Russian security. First, the article defines whatsecurity encompasses in relation to ports. Second, the article presents two case studies: the Crimean port of Sevasto- pol and the Syrian port of Tartus. This article proves that warm-water ports are important to Russian security because they enable Russia to control the sea, proj- ect power, maintain good order, and observe a maritime consensus. Each of these categorical reasons are then analyzed in the Crimean and Syrian context. The re- sults are compared in regional perspective, followed by concluding remarks on what the findings suggest about Russian foreign policy in retrospect, as well as Russian security in the future. Introduction General discourse attribute ports with a binary character: commercial or naval. However, the importance of ports is not limited to those areas alone. Security in the twenty- first century has come to constitute multidimensional relationships, so this article will approach the importance of warm- water ports for security by us- ing the broad concept of maritime security, rather than naval security alone. Previ- ously, the maritime context covered naval confrontations and absolute sea control, but today, scholars have elaborated the maritime environment to include security missions spanning from war and diplomacy to maritime resource preservation, safe cargo transit, border protection from external threats, engagement in security operations, and preventing misuse of global maritime commons.1 Thus, maritime security has crucial links to political, economic, military, and social elements. -
Consolidated List of Financial Sanctions Targets in the Uk
CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK Last Updated:02/12/2014 Status: Asset Freeze Targets REGIME: Ukraine (Sovereignty) INDIVIDUALS 1. Name 6: ABISOV 1: SERGEY 2: n/a 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. DOB: 27/11/1967. Position: Minister of Interior of the Republic of Crimea Listed on: 31/07/2014 Last Updated: 31/07/2014 Group ID: 13071. 2. Name 6: AIRAPETYAN 1: LARISA 2: n/a 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. a.k.a: (1) AIRAPETYAN, Larysa (2) AYRAPETYAN, Larysa Position: Health Minister of the Luhansk People's Republic Listed on: 02/12/2014 Last Updated: 02/12/2014 Group ID: 13172. 3. Name 6: AKIMOV 1: OLEG 2: n/a 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. a.k.a: AKIMOV, Oleh Position: Deputy of the Luhansk Economic Union in the National Council of the Luhansk People's Republic Listed on: 02/12/2014 Last Updated: 02/12/2014 Group ID: 13171. 4. Name 6: AKSYONOV 1: SERGEY 2: VALERYEVICH 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. DOB: 26/11/1972. Position: Prime Minister of Crimea Listed on: 18/03/2014 Last Updated: 18/03/2014 Group ID: 12922. 5. Name 6: ANTYUFEYEV 1: VLADIMIR 2: n/a 3: n/a 4: n/a 5: n/a. DOB: 19/02/1951. POB: Novosibirsk a.k.a: (1) ALEXANDROV, Vladimir , Gheorghievici (2) ANTIUFEEV, Vladimir , Iurievici (3) SHEVTSOV, Vadim , Gheorghievici (4) SHEVTSOV, Vladimir Position: First Vice-Prime Minister Listed on: 25/07/2014 Last Updated: 25/07/2014 Group ID: 13067. -
Whereabouts of Yanukovych and Azarov in Russia
Whereabouts of Yanukovych and Azarov in Russia Table of contents Part 1 Yanukovych and his family Part 2 Azarov and his family Part 1 So far, the media have made a few versions of the whereabouts of Ukrainian ex-president Viktor Yanukovych. The main ones point toward two Russian southern cities: Rostov-on-Don and Sochi, along with the capital of Russia and the Moscow region. Hereinafter, you’ll find an analysis of media references to the location of the Ukrainian former president from 2014 till early 2016, as well as information about what has happened to his close allies and assets obtained through corruption schemes during the specified period. 1. After the flight After the flight of Viktor Yanukovych from Ukraine in the twentieth of February 2014, conflicting reports on the whereabouts of the disgraced president began appearing in the press. Thus, on February 22, 2014 some sources reported that Viktor Yanukovych wasn’t in Kharkiv1, others – that he indeed was in Kharkiv at the moment, where he was going to sign the recently adopted 1 http://kharkov.comments.ua/news/2014/02/22/152813.html laws by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (the Ukrainian Parliament)2. On the same day the border guards denied a charter flight, with Viktor Yanukovych on board, the permission to take off from Donetsk, as quoted by Sergey Astakhov – head assistant of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine3. By all appearances, at that time Viktor Yanukovych was in Kharkiv, where the Congress of Deputies from the South-Eastern regions took place on February 224. -
Theoretical and Analytical Aspects of Formation of Risk-Oriented Approach to Evaluation and Ranking of the Level Region's Econ
ISSN 0798 1015 HOME Revista ÍNDICES / Index A LOS AUTORES / To the ESPACIOS ! ! AUTHORS ! Vol. 39 (Number 28) Year 2018 • Page 14 Theoretical and Analytical Aspects of Formation of Risk-Oriented Approach to Evaluation and Ranking of the Level Region’s Economic Security Aspectos teóricos y analíticos de la Formación con Enfoque Orientado al Riesgo para la evaluación y clasificación de la Seguridad Económica Regional Elena KARANINA 1; Ekaterina SAPOZHNIKOVA 2; Olesya RYAZANOVA 3; Svetlana GRIN 4 Received: 16/02/2018 • Approved: 25/03/2018 Content 1. Introduction 2. Materials and methods 3. Results 4. Discussion 5. Conclusions Acknowledgments References ABSTRACT: RESUMEN: Economic security is one of the most important La seguridad económica es una de las direcciones más directions of provision of national security of the importantes de proporcionar seguridad nacional state. The article presents a complex methodology of estatal. El artículo presenta una metodología compleja diagnostics of the state of Russia’s regions’ economic de diagnóstico del estado de la seguridad económica security on the basis of risk-oriented approach. Within de las regiones de Rusia sobre la base de un enfoque the presented methodology, the level of economic orientado al riesgo. Dentro de la metodología security of the subjects of the RF is determined in presentada, el nivel de seguridad económica de los view of four categories of threats: protection of sujetos de la RF se determina en vista de cuatro economic system, competitiveness, sustainability, and categorías de amenazas: protección del sistema economic independence of regions; also, territories’ económico, competitividad, sostenibilidad e ranking is performed. Application of this methodology independencia económica de las regiones; también, lies in the system of strategic managerial decisions for se realiza el ranking de los territorios.