PUBLICATION NO. 50 2/2014
NORDIC CONCRETE RESEARCH
EDITED BY THE NORDIC CONCRETE FEDERATION
CONCRETE ASSOCIATIONS OF: DENMARK FINLAND ICELAND NORWAY SWEDEN
PUBLISHER: NORSK BETONGFORENING POSTBOKS 2312, SOLLI
N - 0201 OSLO NORWAY
PROCEEDING
XXII NORDIC CONCRETE RESEARCH SYMPOSIA
REYKJAVIK, ICELAND 2014 iii
PUBLICATION NO. 50 2/2014
CONTENTS
OPENING SESSION 1 Tor Arne Martius-Hammer 3
COIN - Main Achievements
1 DURABILITY, MAINTENANCE, RENOVATION & FROST ACTION - 7 PER FIDJEST0L MEMORIAL SESSION
R. Doug Hooton 9 Advantages of Silica Fume-Slag Ternary Binders for Production of Dura¬ ble Concrete
Olafur H. Wallevik, Indri6i Nielsson & Bjorn Hjartarson 13 Self-compacting concrete without chemical admixture for Per Fidjestol Martin Kaasgaard, Claus Pade, UlfJonsson & Christian Munch-Petersen 17 Comparison of Durability Parameters of Self-Compacting Concrete and Conventional Slump Concrete Designed for Marine Environment
Marianne Tange Hasholt 21 The Interplay Between Inner and Outer Frost Damage and its Implication for Accelerated Freeze-Thaw Testing Jonny Nilimaa, Jens Haggstrom, Niklas Bagge, Thomas Blanksvard, Gabriel 25 Sas, Ulf Ohlsson, Lars Bernspang, Bjorn Taljsten, Lennart Elfgren, Anders Carolin, Hakan Thun & Bjorn Paulsson
Maintenance and Renewal of Concrete Rail Bridges - Results from EC Project MAINLINE
2 STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR AND DESIGN 29
Tarek Edrees Saaed, George Nikolakopoulos & Jan-Erik Jonasson 31 Semi-Active Structural Control Strategies
Linn Grepstad Nes & Jan Arve 0verli 35 Structural Behaviour of Beams with Fibre Reinforced LWAC and Normal Density Concrete Mario Plos, Costin Pacoste & Morgan Johansson 39 Recommendations for Finite Element Analysis for Design of RC Slabs Havard Nedrelid & Terje Kanstad 43 Tests and Design of Fibre-Reinforced RC Beams with Dapped Ends
Morten Engen, Max A. N. Hendriks, Jan Arve 0verli & Erik Aldstedt 47 Application of NLFEA in the Design of Large Concrete Structures iv
DURABILITY, MAINTENANCE, RENOVATION & FROST ACTION - 51
PER FIDJEST0L MEMORIAL SESSION - Cont.
Martin Strand & Katja Fridh 53 The Influence of SSMs on The Durability of Concrete Structures Exposed to Severe Conditions - Part I. Salt Frost Scaling
Vladimir Ronin Jan-Erik Jonasson & Lennart 57 , Elfgren Self-Healing Concrete - Results with Energetically Modified Cements (EMC)
N. Williams Portal, M. Flansbjer, K. Tammo & K. Malaga 61 Alkali Resistance of Textile Reinforcement for Concrete Facade Panels
Ricardo Antonio Barbosa, Kurt Kielsgaard Hansen, Linh Cao Hoang & Erik 65 Stoklund Larsen Alkali-Silica Reaction in Reinforced Concrete Structures. Part I: Material Properties and Crack Orientation Ricardo Antonio Barbosa, Kurt Kielsgaard Hansen, Linh Cao Hoang & 69 Iben Maag Alkali-Silica Reaction in Reinforced Concrete Structures. Part II: Shear Strength of Severe ASR Damaged Concrete Beams
STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR AND DESIGN, Cont 73
Johan Silfwerbrand 75 Safety Levels in Industrial Steel Fibre Concrete Floors
Daniel Ekstrom, Rasmus Rempling & Mario Plos 79
Industrial Bridge Building - An Effective Bridge Construction Process Through an Integrated Design and Construction Process
Niklas Bagge, Thomas Blanksvard, Gabriel Sas, Lars Bernspang, Bjorn Tal- 83 jsten, Anders Carolin & Lennart Elfgren Full-Scale Test to Failure of a Prestressed Concrete Bridge in Kiruna
Per Goltermann 87 Prefabricated Elements and Structures: Developments, Tests and Experiences.
Thorhallsson, E. R. & Birgisson, S. R. 91 Experiment on Concrete Beams without Shear Reinforcement
AGGREGATES AND ADDITIVES 95
Borge Johannes Wigum 97
RILEM Technical Committee (2014 - 2019) Avoiding Alkali Aggregate Reactions in Concrete Performance Based Concept. V
Bard Pedersen & Reidar Kompen 101 Influence of Aggregates on Compressive Strength and E-Modulus of C45/55 Concrete
Bjorn Lagerblad, Jaume Cirera Riu & Hans-Erik Gram 105 How to Evaluate Fillers from Crushed Rock Aggregate for Concrete Production
Yahya Ghasemi & Niklas Johansson 109 Particle Packing of Aggregates for Concrete Mix Design: Models and Methods.
Hans-Erik Gram, Mikael Westerholm & Mats Emborg 113 Crushed Fine Aggregate for Concrete Production
LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTING 117
Stefan Jacobsen 119 A Norwegian Concrete-Ice Abrasion Laboratory Ari Vepsa & Ilkka Hakola 123 Impact Testing of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Anja Klausen, Terje Kanstad, 0yvind Bjantegaard & Gunrid Kjellmark 127 Updated Temperature-Stress-Testing-Machine (TSTM): Introductory Tests, Calculations and Verification Lars Elof Bryne & Anders Ansell 131 Laboratory Testing of Early Age Shotcrete Bond Strength Edgar Bonner, Janne Hakli & Timo Lehikoinen 135 Demonstration of Wireless Monitoring in Rock Mass, Compacted Bentonite and Reinforced Concrete.
STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR AND DESIGN, Cont 139
Elena Vidal Sarmiento, Terje Kanstad, Mette R. Geiker & Max Hendriks 141 Impact of the combined effect of fibre orientation and volume fraction on the mechanical properties of fibre reinforced concrete Sveinbjorn Sveinbjornsson, Cordis Bjornsdottir, Gudbjartur Jon Einarsson & 145 Eybor Ram I>6rhallsson. Elastic Modulus of Concrete with Icelandic Basalt Aggregates
Thomas Juul Andersen 149 Tailor-Made Concrete Structure with the use of Digital Fabrication Andri Gunnarsson, Eythor Ram Thorhallsson & 153 Jonas Thor Snaebjornsson Simulation of Experimental Research of Concrete Beams Prestressed with BFRP Tendons
J. Ekstrom, R. Rempling & M. Plos 157 Influence of Strain Softening on Spalling of Concrete due to Blast Load vi
8 AGGREGATES AND ADDITIVES, Cont. 161
Peter Billberg, Patrick Rogers & Katja Fridh 163 Technique and Use of Crushed Concrete from Precast Elements as Aggregate in Concrete Production Kayode Bamikole Olawuni & Ozgiir Eren 167 Engineering Properties of Palm Kernel Shell Fiber Reinforced Concrete Thorgeir S. Helgason, Vera Hofer & Holger Bach 171 Pioneering Methods for Control of Aggregates Using Machine Vision, Spectroscopy and Statistical Modelling Rolands Cepuritis, Stefan Jacobsen, Ernst Mjartsell, Sverre Smeplass & 175 Berge J. Wigum Research Project on Manufactured Sand for Concrete
Johann A. Hardarson, Thordur I. Kristjansson, Olafur H. Wallevik 179 Discrepancies in Measured and Modelled E-modulus due to Porous Aggregates. Some Experiences from tests on Icelandic Concrete
9 BINDERS, ADMIXTURES, MIX DESIGN AND RHEOLOGY 183
Jon E. Wallevik & Olafur H. Wallevik 185
Analysis of Shear Rate Inside a Concrete Truck Mixer as a Function of Drum Charge Volume and Plastic Viscosity S. Ng, & H. Justnes 189 SCMs and Plasticizers: A Study on Their Effects on The Rheology and Early Age Hydration of Blended Cements
Ya Peng, Klaartje de Weerdt, Bard Pedersen & Stefan Jacobsen 193 Hydrostatic Pressure to Measure Sedimentation and Bleeding Ahmad Ghadban, Mohammed Albahttiti, Kyle Riding, & David Lange 197 Attenuation of Vibrations in Fresh Concrete
Niklas Johansson & Mats Emborg 201
Methods to Optimize Aggregate Composition - Evaluation by Concrete Experiments
10 FIBRES 205
Katalin Orosz 207 Strengthening of Concrete with Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Grids Bonded by Cementitious Binders
Terje Kanstad & Steinar Trygstad 211 Design, Testing and Evaluation of a Fullscale Post-Tensioned Steelfibre Reinforced Flat Slab vii
Gunrid Kjellmark, Tor Arne Martius-Hammer & Terje Kanstad 215 COIN'S 15 MPa Target Fibre Concrete: Materials Development Towards High Residual Flexural Strength
Ali Mohammadi Mohaghegh, Johan Silfwerbrand & Vemund Arskog 219 An Initial Investigation of the Possibility to use Basalt Fibres for More Durable Concrete Structures in Norwegian Fish Farming Carlos Gil Berrocal, Karin Lundgren & Ingemar Lofgren 223 Experimental Investigation on Rebar Corrosion in Combination with Fibres
11 SUSTAINABILITY AND AGEING 227
Martin Nilsson 229
Re-usage of Concrete Elements - To Determine Their New Possible Environment
Per Goltermann, Lisbeth Ottosen, Pernille Erland Jensen & 233 Gunvor Marie Kirkelund
ZeroWaste: Turning Waste into a New, Sustainable Resource for Concrete
Tobias Gasch & Richard Malm 237 Effects of Aging Concrete in Support Structures for Hydroelectric Machinery
Mohamed Tabet & Abd El Hamid Guettala 241 Numerical Modelling of Alkali Silica Gel in Mesoscopic Scale.
Gitte Normann Munch-Petersen & Christian Munch-Petersen 245 Early Property Development in Concrete
12 BINDERS, ADMIXTURES, MIX DESIGN AND RHEOLOGY, Cont. 249
Tobias Danner, Harald Justnes, Mette R. Geiker & Alessia Colombo 251 In-Situ XRD Studies of Phase Evolution During Hydration of Portland Cement Paste with Lignosulfonates
Helen Jansson & Tang Luping 255 The Initial Setting Time of Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag GGBS and its Relation to the Modulus of The Alkali-Activating Solution
H. Justnes 259 Properties of Gypsum-Free Portland Cement Bjorn Lagerblad & Lars Elof Bryne 263 Cement Hydration and Development of Texture and Bond at Interfacial Zone Between Hard Rock and Shotcrete.
Alessia Colombo, Tobias Alexander Danner, Klaartje De Weerdt, Mette Rica 267 Geiker & Harald Justnes
Impact of mixing on early hydration of cement paste with lignosulphonate viii
13 FIBRES, Cont. 271
Oldrich Svec & Claus Pade 273 Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete as a Waterproofing Solution for Concrete Bridge Deck Renovations
V. Tamuzs 277 Strengthening of Concrete by Fibres and Fibre Reinforced Plastics Giedrius Zirgulis, Oldrich Svec, Terje Kanstad, Mette Rica Geiker & 281 Andrzej Cwirzen Characterisation and Observation of Fibre Orientation in Flowable Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete: Influence of Formwork and Reinforcement Layout
Cosmin Popescu, Gabriel Sas & Bjorn Taljsten 285 Experimental Program for Axially Loaded RC Walls with Openings Strengthened by FRP
Bjorn Taljsten, Gabriel Sas & Thomas Blanksvard 289
Strengthening of concrete structures with FRP - a guideline
14 SHRINKAGE AND DILATION 293
Anders Ansell & Lars Elof Bryne 295 Laboratory Evaluation of Shrinkage in Shotcrete Sprayed on Soft Drains
Katalin Orosz, Peter Fjellstrom, Jan-Erik Jonasson, Mats Emborg & 299 Hans Hedlund Evaluation of Thermal Dilation and Autogenous Shrinkage at Sealed Conditions
Mia S. M. Lund & Kurt Kielsgaard Hansen 303 Shrinkage Properties of Cement Stabilized Gravel
Valgeir O. Flosason, Olafttr H. Wallevik & Eva L. Agustsdottir 307 Long-term Shrinkage of Concrete using some Porous Icelandic Aggregates
Abdulaziz Alaskar & R Douglas Hooton 311
Autogenous Deformation of High Performance Concrete - Pilot Study
15 BINDERS, ADMIXTURES, MIX DESIGN AND RHEOLOGY, Cont. 315
T.0stnor and H. Justnes 317 Calcined Marl as Supplementary Cementing Material (SCM)
Erika Holt & Hannele Kuosa 321 Developing Pervious Concretes for Urban Stormwater Management in Nordic Environments
Kalle Loimula 325 Finnish Clay based Pozzolan and Dehydrated Cement Paste as Cement Replacement Materials ix
M. Fourmentin, P. Faure, U. Peter, D. Lesueur & P. Coussot 329 NMR and Rheometrical Study of Lime-Cement Pastes Yared Assefa Abebe & Ludger Lohaus 333 Effects of the Composition and Amount of Paste on the Pumpability and Pump-Stability of Flowable Concretes
16 CRACKING, CREEP AND REPAIR 337
Mikael Hallgren 339 Analyses of Minimum Reinforcement for Crack Control
Jan Arve 0verli 343
Slabs on Ground Subjected to Concentrated Loads Majid Al-Gburi, Jan Erik Jonasson & Martin Nilsson 347 Effect of The Boundary Conditions on the Crack Distribution in Early Age Concrete Faez Sayahi, Mats Emborg & Hans Hedlund 351 Plastic Shrinkage Cracking: Researches in Scandinavia Jonas Carlsward & Mats Emborg 355 Shrinkage Cracking of Thin Concrete Overlays
17 CHLORIDES 359
Dimitrios Boubitsas, Peter Utgenannt & Tang Luping 361 Estimation of Chloride Threshold Values after 20 Years' Field Exposure in Swedish Marine Environment
S0ren L. Poulsen & Henrik E. Sorensen 365 Experimental Determination of Chloride Threshold Values for Reinforcement Corrosion in Concrete: Experiences From the Lab
Klaartje De Weerdt, Silje Gystad Ytterdal & Mette R. Geiker 369 On the Impact of Phase Changes on Chloride Profiles in Concrete Miguel Ferreira, Hannele Kuosa, Markku Leivo, Lasse Makkonen & 373 David Lange The Effect of Freeze-Thaw Loading on Chloride Ingress.
Tang Luping, Peter Utgenannt & Dimitrios Boubitsas 377 Chloride Ingress in Concrete - Results from Over 20 Years' Field Exposure in Swedish Marine Environment
18 SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE (SCC) 381
Dimitri Feys & Kamal H. Khayat 383 Analytical and Empirical Equations to Predict Pressure During Pumping of Self-Consolidating Concrete X
David A. Lange, Daniel I. Castaneda, Jeremy A. Koch, Randy H. Ewoldt & 387 Kyle A. Riding Stability of Entrained Air in Self-Consolidating Concrete under Vibration
Mrflur I. Kristjansson & Olafur H. Wallevik 391 Frost Resistance of Non Air Entrained Self Compacting Concrete
Abhay Bulsari & Klaus Juvas 395 Nonlinear Modelling of Rheology of Self-Compacting Concrete with Two Rapid Cements
Farid Van Der Vurst, Ehsan Ghafari, Dimitri Feys, & Geert De Schutter 399 Influence of Mixing Sequence on Rheological Properties of Self- Compacting Concrete
19 CRACKING, CREEP AND REPAIR, Cont. 403
Sara Korte, Veerle Boel, Wouter De Corte & Geert De Schutter 405 Experimental Investigation of Concrete Fatigue Resistance
Jan-Erik Jonasson, Lars-Olof Nilsson, Mats Emborg & Hans Hedlund 409 Moisture and Mechanical Properties Aimed for Crack Risk Analyses of Early Age Concrete
Markku Leivo 413 Self-Healing Concrete HEALCON
Katalin Orosz, Peter Fjellstrom, Jan-Erik Jonasson, Mats Emborg & 417 Hans Hedlund Evaluation of the Linear Logarithmic Creep Model
Edgar Bohner & Harald S. Mttller 421 Analytical Model for Predicting Time to Concrete Cover Cracking due to Corrosion of Reinforcement
Jonny Nilimaa 425
Upgrading the Haparanda Bridge - Unbonded Posttensioning
20 CARBONATION AND CORROSION 429
Mahdi Kioumarsi, Max A.N. Hendriks & Mette Geiker 431 Effect of Mesh Alignment on Simulated Interference of Localised Corrosion on Adjacent Reinforcement Rebars
Emma Qingnan Zhang & Tang Luping 435 A Novel Anode Material for Cathodic Protection of Steel Reinforced Concrete Structures with Hybrid Functions
Carlos Gil Berrocal, Karin Lundgren & Ingemar Lofgren 439 Experimental Investigation on Rebar Corrosion in Combination with Fibres
443 xi
Katja Fridh, Ronny Andersson, Hakon Stripple, Martin Haglund, Lars-Olof Nilsson & Bjom Lagerblad A Model to Calculate the C02-Uptake in a Country's Concrete Structures During Service Life and After M. Auroy, S. Poyet, P. Le Bescop, J-M. Torrenti, T. Charpentier, M. Moskura 447 & X. Bourbon Representativeness of Accelerated Carbonation Testing of Cement Pastes
21 MODELLING, ANALYSING AND TESTING 451
Jiangpeng Shu, Mario Plos, Kamyab Zandi & Karin Lundgren 453 Structural Assessment of Bridge Deck Slabs
Filippo Sangiorgio, Johan Silfwerbrand & Giuseppe Mancini 457 Statistical Investigation on the Ultimate Load Behaviour of RC Continuous Beams Subjected to Multiple Failure Modes
Roghayeh Abbasiverki & Anders Ansell 461 Analysis of Buried Reinforced Concrete Pipelines Subjected to Seismic Waves
Richard Malm & Tobias Gasch 465
Finite Element Analyses of an Arch Dam Subjected to Seismic Loads and Hydrodynamic Forces
Niklas Johansson & Peter Johansson 469
Water Absorption in Concrete - Experimental Studies and Modelling
22 NUCLEAR, HYDRAULICS AND AGGRESSIVE ENVIRONMENTS 473
M. Neji, B. Bary, N. Burlion & P. Le Bescop 475 Modelling of The Chemo-Mechanical Behaviour of a Composite made of Ion Exchange Resins Incorporated into a Cement-Based Matrix
Mikael Oxfall, Peter Johansson & Manouchehr Hassanzadeh 479 Moisture Profiles in Concrete Walls of a Nuclear Reactor Containment After 30 Years of Operation. Martin Rosenqvist, Katja Fridh & Manouchehr Hassanzadeh 483 Deterioration of Concrete in Hydraulic Structures due to Frost Action Arezou Babaahmadi, Luping Tang & Zareen Abbas 487 Chloride Penetration Resistance of Calcium Depleted Concrete Specimens
Markku Leivo, Tapio Vehmas & Erika Holt 491 Developing Low pH Concrete for Tunnel Plugging Structures in Nuclear Waste Containment
Lise Juel-Hansen, Martin Kaasgaard 495 Jack Anderson & Claus Pade Development of Resistant Concrete Pipes to be Exposed in Aggressive Environments xii
23 MODELLING, ANALYSING AND TESTING 499
Jan-Erik Jonasson, Peter Fjellstrom, Mats Emborg & Hans Hedlund 501 Measurement and Modelling of Strength and Heat of Hydration for Young Concrete
Anders Hosthagen, Jan-Erik Jonasson, Mats Emborg & Hans Hedlund 505 Equivalent Restraint Method Correlated to Empirical Measurements
Martin Persson, UlfOhlsson & Mats Emborg 509
Bridge Deck Concrete Overlays - Full Scale Studies and Theoretical Analysis
Abhay Bulsari & Erik Nordenswan 513 Nonlinear Modelling of the Dynamics of Accelerated Hardening of Concrete
Lasse Frelich Engsig 517 Using Isothermal Calorimetry to Predict Early Mortar Strengths
24 CONCRETE CAFE 521
Per Goltermann 523 Teaching Concrete Structures: Development and New Experiences
AUTHORS LIST 527