Preliminary Report on the Bat Fauna in an Agricultural Field in West Java, Indonesia

Home , Lesser yellow bat, Macroglossus, Parkia speciosa, Scotophilus

Bull. KUakyushu Mus. Nat. Hist. Hum. Hist., Ser. A, 1: 51-55, March 31, 2003

Kazumitsu Kinjo1, Atsushi Nakamoto1, Masako Izawa1, Minoru Baba2, Teruo Doi3 and Boeadi4 1Faculty ofScience, University ofthe Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, fapan 1KUakyushu Museum ofNatural History and Human History, 2-4-1 Higashida, Yahata-higashi-ku, KUakyushu 805-0071,fapan 3Faculty ofScience, Kyushu University 33, Fukuoka 812-8582, fapan 4Museum Zoologi Bogoi; Puslit Biologi-LIPI, fl. Raya Bogorfakarta Km 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia

ABSTRACT —A bat fauna survey was conducted in an agricultural field in West Java of Indonesia in June of 2002. A total of 57 individuals of 2 families 7 genera 9 species including microbats and megabats were recorded from capturing with mist nets and direct observation.

between the highest and lowest places. The ground level INTRODUCTION of the palm tree plantations is utilized for the farming of Tropical area is known to maintain higher bio-diver crops, cassava, sweet potatoes, maize, bananas and so on sity where many species of bats live sympatrically (Fig. 2). Huts of local people are scattered in the planta (Suyanto el aL, 1998 etc.). So far, a significant amount of tions. research has focused on bat communities in primary for ests but not in agricultural areas. However, agricultural METHOD fields can be important habitats for wildlife animals. On the other hand, some bat species, particularly the mem For the bat fauna survey, some individuals were bers of frugivorous bats, are known to be pollinators of caught with mist nets. Capturing was done in various particular plant species (Nowak, 1994) and they can play types ofenvironments in the study area, such as palm and an important role in the maintenance of agricultural banana plantations, cassava plantations, open spaces fields, as they do in natural forest. This study aims to ob between houses etc., between June 19 and 23, 2002. tain preliminary information on the bat fauna in a coco Captured individuals were measured, identified to the nut palm plantation as the first step to evaluate the role of species and then released as soon as possible. Temporary bats in agricultural fields. marking by a marker avoided the double counting. Identification of species was done basically following Mkdway (1983) and Payne et aL (1985). STUDY AREA

This study was conducted in a small village called RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Pacurendang (6°20' S, 106°3' E) located about 7 km west of the city area of Pandeglang, West Java, Indonesia (Fig. A total of 57 individuals of 2 families 6 genera 8 spe 1). The area is rich in coconut plantations with a stand cies were captured and one other species was observed of well-preserved forest behind them. Among the palm (Table 1, Fig. 3), four of which were insectivorous and trees, tall common trees such as Ceiba pentandra, Durio five frugivorous. Although one individual that seemed to zibethinus, Pithecolobium jiringa and Parkia speciosa are scat be the Greater long-tongued fruit bat Macroglossus tered throughout the area. There are some secondary minimus sobrinus was captured, it was omitted from the forests, particularly along a gully. The topography is data because of difficulty of identification of subspecies. relatively flat; with an elevation difference of ca. 20 m A further survey for confirmation was needed. An indi-

Received 17January 2003 52 ka/.umitsu KlNJO, Aisuslii NaKAMOTO, Masako [ZAWA, Minoni BABA, Teruo Doi and BoEADl

0 100 300 km 1 i I i I i I

105c 110c 115c -10c

Fig. I. Location of the study area in West Java, Indonesia. Study area is shown by an arrow in the map.

Via. 2. Environment of die suidv area.

Table 1. Bat species confirmed in Pacurendang, Pandeglang, West Java.

PTEROPODIDAE Pleropodinae Cynoplerus brachyotis Lesser dog-faced fruit bat 19 individuals Cynopterus titlkaecheilus Greater dog-faced fruit bat "> individuals Macroglossinae Eonycleris spelaen Javan tailless fruit bat 1 individual Macroglossus minimus minimus Lesser long-tongued fruit bal 'JO individuals VESPERTtLIONIDAE Vespertilioninae Myotis adversus Large-footed bat (i individuals Myatis minitola Murieols bat 1 individual PipisirrlluvJavanieus Javan pipistrelle 1 individuals Scotoph Hits I; nilHi Asiatic lesser yellow bat 1 individual Murininae Millinn sitilia Lesser tube-nosed bat 1 individual*

♦Direct observation Bat Fauna in an Agricultural Field in West lava 53

Fig. 3. Bats confirmed in an agricultural field in Pacurendang. Pandeglang, WestJava. I. Lesser dog-faced fruit bat Cynopterus brachyolis, 2, Javan tailless fruit bat Eonyrteris spclara; 3, Lesser long- tongued fruit bat Macroglossus minimus minimus: •!, Large-footed bat M\olis atlvrrsus; ">, Muricol's bat Mynlis mitnttila; 6,Javan pipistrelle Pipistrellus javanirus; 7. Asiatic lesser yellow bat Scotophilia huhlii: 8, Lesser tube-nosed bat Muiina sitilla vicinal of the- Lesser tube-nosed bat Murina suilla was tations such as palm trees and banana trees, houses, and observed roosting in a banana rolled dead leaf in fronds of broad-leafed tree as their roost sites, respect daytime. Characteristics of captured bats are shown in ively. They were able to successfully utilize the agricul Table 2. tural products and artificial constructions. Among nine species confirmed in the stitch area, Some small bat species other than these nine species four species (two megabats and two microbats), three spe were observed flying. They were not captured with mist cies (microbats), and one species (megabat) utilized plan nets, because they were observed flying in a higher area. 54 Kazumitsu Kinjo, Atsushi Nakamoto, Masako Izawa, Minoru Baba, Teruo Doi and Bokadi

Table 2. External measurements of captured bats (mm, g). C.br., Cynopterus brachyotis; C.U., Cynopterus titthaecfieilus; E.sp., Eonycteris spelaea; M.mi., Macroglossus minimus minimus; M.ad., Myotis adversus; M.mu., Myolis muricola; P.ja., Pipistrellus javanicus; S.ku., Scotophilus kuhlii M,Male; F, Female; F(preg), Pregnantfemale; A,Adult; SA, Subadult; J, Juvenile FAL(R), Forearm length (right); FAL(L), Forearm length (left); TL, Tail length; EL(R), Ear length (right); EL(L), Ear length (left); BW, Body weight; TIB(R), Tibia (riht);TIB(L), Tibia (left);HL,Head length; HW, Head width

Species Sex Age FAL(R) FAL(L) TL EL(R) EL(L) BW TIB(R) TIB(L) HL HW

C. br. M A 61.3 62.5 11.6 15.8 14.0 33.6 22.5 22.6 29.9 18.1 C. br. M A 62.3 62.15 12.2 15.6 16.4 36.8 24.8 24.3 30.0 19.3 C. br. M SA 58.7 58,85 14.1 27.4 22.5 29.6 16.9 C. br. F(preg) A 61.6 61.7 33.8 C. br. F A 65.0 65.8 16.2 16.4 14.9 36.4 25.7 24.6 30.3 20.3 C. br. F A 62.0 62.2 12.0 15.3 16.5 36.1 23.6 23.35 29.9 17.5 C. br. F A 62.1 34.2 C. br. F A 59.3 39.2 C. br. F J 52.9 19.2 C. br. F SA 60.6 62.3 12.4 14.75 14.8 28.2 23.0 22.4 28.5 18.0 C. br. F SA 55.5 25.6 C. br. F SA 53.4 23.4 C. br. F SA 58.1 28.4 C. br. F SA 58.1 20.4 23.3 C. br. F SA 59.9 24.8 C. br. F SA 57.1 29.4 C. br. F SA 55.2 22.2 C. br. F SA 61.2 30.4 C. br. F 55.65 54.7 10.9 14.25 14.6 21.0 19.3 20.3 27.1 16.8

C. ti. M A 76.0 75.9 12.7 20.7 21.5 55.5 30.7 30.5 36.1 C. d. FA 79.6 78.2 80.5 C. ti. F A 79.4 78.0 C. ti. F SA 76.9 76.5 70.5 32.1 32.5 C. ti. F SA 79.7 80.4 68.0

E. sp. FA 67.2 67.2 14.9 18.5 17.5 55.5 32.0 31.0 35.5 20.0

M. mi. MA 42.7 42.4 14.65 14.25 20.0 18.4 17.6 29.8 16.9 M. mi. M A 43.8 43.4 15.5 14.35 20.2 17.8 18.9 29.2 16.3 M. mi. M A 44.7 23.0 M. mi. M A 42.3 20.4 28.4 M. mi. M A 43.2 20.0 M. mi. M A 42.9 22.6 M. mi. M SA 40.6 40.0 12.7 15.2 17.4 27.3 13.6 M. mi. M SA 42.3 42.5 15.8 M. mi. M SA 39.4 39.1 13.6 M. mi. F(preg) A 44.4 21.8 M. mi. F A 43.5 42.5 14.4 14.4 16.4 16.7 M. mi. F A 43.5 43.0 14.45 14.1 23.8 17.7 17.7 29.55 15.2 M. mi. F A 41.9 40.7 14.0 23.0 18.1 28.3 15.4 M. mi. F A 45.6 22.2 M. mi. F A 43.4 22.6 M. mi. F A 43.3 22.2 M. mi. F A 43.6 22.2 M. mi. F SA 44.9 45.2 18.8 M. mi. F SA 44.1 17.0 M. mi. F SA 39.9 39.6 14.8

M.ad. M A 38.7 38.5 10.0 M.ad. F(preg) A 39.3 39.8 11.4 M.ad. F(preg) A 38.9 38.6 11.4 M.ad. F(preg) A 40.0 39.7 9.9 M.ad. F A 39.2 39.3 37.7 12.0 8.8 16.5 16.8 M.ad. FA 41.1 40.8 10.0 17.9 17.3

M. mu. F SA 35.9 35.8 41.5 11.3 12.2 4.7 16.2 16.6

P.ja. M A 32.7 33.1 32.7 6.9 13.4 P.ja. M A 34.1 34.2 6.5 P.ja. F? 35.0 35.2 36.6 11.4 6.6 14.4 P.ja. F SA 34.5 34.6 5.1

S.ku. F A 53.9 53.9 54.7 18.0 16.5 25.8 23.0 23.4 Bat Fauna in an Agricultural Field in WestJava 55

Further studies will be needed to comprehend the bat stay in Indonesia. This study was supported by Nippon fauna of this area. Life Insurance Foundation.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES

We thank Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) for Medway, L. 1983. The mammals of Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia) and the permission of this research (#3452/SU/KS/2002), Singapore, second edition. 131 pp., Oxford Univ. Press, Kuala Lumpur. and the Director of Research Center for Biology, LIPI, for Nowak, R. M. 1994. Walker's Bats of the World. 287 pp., The his sponsorship. We are indebted to Mr. Sofyan, the Johns Hopkins University Press, Balumore and London. landowner of the study site, and people in Pacurendang. Payne, J., C. M. Francis and K. Philupps. 1985. A field guide of the mammals of Borneo. 332 pp., The Sabah Society with World Without their kind help, we could not conduct the field Wildlife Fund Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. survey. We also express our sincere gratitude to Dr. U. Suyanto, A., M.Yoneda, I. Maryanto, Maharadatunkamsi andJ. K. Hadi, Bogor Agricultural University, and Dr. N. Sugardjito. 1998. Checklist of llie mammals of Indonesia. 34 Sakaguchi, JICA Expert, for their support during our pp., LIPI-JICA, Bogor.