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Comsic 2018-01 2018 DEPLOIEMENT NexSIS pour les Départements d’Outre-Mer : Etat des lieux réseaux et téléphonie Etude des solutions techniques COMSIC 2018-01 Directeur de mémoire : M. Bruno FONTAINE Co-directeur de mémoire : Lieutenant-Colonel Marian VARYN Capitaine Frédéric AUDIFFRED Capitaine Thierry FALEME Capitaine Philippe GRIMAUD SDIS des Alpes-Maritimes SDIS de la Guadeloupe SDIS du Var REMERCIEMENTS Ce mémoire a été réalisé dans le cadre de l’enseignement dispensé par l’Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Officiers de Sapeurs-Pompiers (ENSOSP) au titre de la formation « Commandant des Systèmes d’Information et de Communication - COMSIC ». Nous tenons à exprimer toute notre gratitude : A l’ENSOSP pour nous avoir autorisé à proposer ce sujet dans le cadre du stage COMSIC ; A monsieur le Préfet Guillaume LAMBERT et au colonel Jean-Yves LAMBROUIN, pour nous avoir accompagné tout au long de notre réflexion ; A notre directeur de mémoire, Monsieur Bruno FONTAINE, pour ses conseils, son expertise et sa disponibilité ; A notre co-directeur de mémoire et référent COMSIC, le lieutenant-colonel Marian VARYN, pour son intérêt porté à notre mémoire et son expertise ; Au colonel Hervé PARIS, notre responsable pédagogique, pour ses conseils et sa passion du monde des SIC… Nous souhaitons également distinguer, pour leur accueil, leurs réflexions et leur disponibilité malgré leurs contraintes professionnelles : Monsieur Fabrice PAYET, adjoint au groupement SIC du SDIS de la Réunion ; Monsieur Seko LATIDINE, adjoint au groupement SIC du SDIS de la Guyane ; Monsieur Siegmund Boris BAJAZET, adjoint au groupement SIC du SDIS de la Guadeloupe. Et plus particulièrement pour leurs précieux conseils : Monsieur Pascal RODMACQ, expert SIC NexSIS ; Monsieur Mourad MADANI, responsable prospective à la Direction des Systèmes d’Informations et de Communications du Ministère de l’Intérieur (DSIC) ; Monsieur CARRIOU David, DSIC ; Le lieutenant-colonel Jean-David TAILHADES, de la Sous-Direction des Applications de Commandement (SDAC) de la Gendarmerie Nationale ; Monsieur Adrien MAFFERT, Ingénieur de la société EUTELSAT ; Le capitaine Serge DEMEAUTIS, commandant le CORG 83 ; Le capitaine Martin DEROIDE, expert SIC au SDIS 56. Nous tenons également à remercier nos Directeurs Départementaux pour avoir autorisé et facilité nos déplacements et rendez-vous : Contrôleur Général Gilles BAZIR, Directeur du SDIS de Guadeloupe ; Contrôleur Général René DIES, Directeur du SDIS des Alpes-Maritimes ; Colonel hors-classe Éric GROHIN, Directeur du SDIS du Var. Capitaine Frédéric AUDIFFRED - Capitaine Thierry FALEME - Capitaine Philippe GRIMAUD Page 2 sur 74 Un remerciement sincère à tous les personnels qui ont donné de leur temps pour répondre à notre étude, dont M. Loïc CLERGET pour la mise à disposition du site collaboratif dédié pour notre étude sur la plateforme « Alfresco » du SDIS83. Enfin nous exprimons à nos familles nos remerciements pour leur patience, leur soutien et leur compréhension bienveillante. « Les opinions exprimées dans ce mémoire sont propres à leurs auteurs et n'engagent pas l’École Nationale Supérieure des Officiers de Sapeurs-Pompiers ». Capitaine Frédéric AUDIFFRED - Capitaine Thierry FALEME - Capitaine Philippe GRIMAUD Page 3 sur 74 SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 6 1. LA PROBLEMATIQUE ................................................................................................ 7 1.1. Identification de la thématique ..................................................................... 7 1.2. Portée de l'étude ......................................................................................... 7 1.3. Démarche retenue ...................................................................................... 7 1.4. Les réunions ............................................................................................... 7 1.5. Le questionnaire ......................................................................................... 9 2. PRESENTATION DE SYSTEMES INFORMATIONS ....................................................... 10 2.1. NexSIS - Futur Système d'Information des SDIS .......................................... 10 2.2. BDSP Système d'Information de la Gendarmerie Nationale ............................ 12 3. LES RESEAUX DE COMMUNICATION ........................................................................ 17 3.1. Les réseaux .............................................................................................. 17 3.2. Le Réseau Interministériel de l'Etat (RIE) ................................................... 29 4. ETAT DES LIEUX DES DEPARTEMENTS ULTRA-MARINS ............................................ 33 4.1. Département de la REUNION ..................................................................... 33 4.2. Département de la GUYANE ....................................................................... 36 4.3. Département de la GUADELOUPE ............................................................... 39 4.4. Département de la MARTINIQUE ................................................................ 42 4.5. Département de MAYOTTE ........................................................................ 45 5. ETUDE DES SOLUTIONS APPLIQUEES AUX SDIS DES DOM ......................................... 47 5.1. Identification des solutions possibles ........................................................... 47 5.2. Solution centralisée ................................................................................... 47 Capitaine Frédéric AUDIFFRED - Capitaine Thierry FALEME - Capitaine Philippe GRIMAUD Page 4 sur 74 5.3. Solutions décentralisées régionales ............................................................. 48 5.4. Solutions décentralisées départementales .................................................... 52 5.5. Synthèse et analyse .................................................................................. 53 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 57 RESUME ...................................................................................................................... 58 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 58 GLOSSAIRE .................................................................................................................. 59 TABLE DES MATIERES .................................................................................................. 61 BIBLIOGRAPHIE ........................................................................................................... 63 ANNEXES ..................................................................................................................... 64 ANNEXE 1 – R01 : Brainstorming sur les solutions techniques engageables ....................... 64 ANNEXE 2 – R02 : Présentation de l’étude au SDIS de la Réunion .................................... 66 ANNEXE 3 - R03 : Présentation de l’étude aux DOM et point sur le RIE ............................. 67 ANNEXE 4 - R04 : Présentation de l’étude au SDIS de la Guyane ...................................... 68 ANNEXE 5 - R05 : Calage questionnaire avec le directeur de mémoire ............................. 69 ANNEXE 6 - R06 : Entretien avec EUTELSAT ................................................................... 70 ANNEXE 7 - R07 : Présentation SI et réseaux de la Gendarmerie Nationale ....................... 71 ANNEXE 8 - Disponibilité câbles sous-marins et articles de presse ..................................... 72 Capitaine Frédéric AUDIFFRED - Capitaine Thierry FALEME - Capitaine Philippe GRIMAUD Page 5 sur 74 INTRODUCTION Depuis la création du corps des sapeurs-pompiers par Napoléon en 1811, il incombe aux responsables de ces entités, chargées des missions de lutte contre l’incendie dans un premier temps puis des missions de sauvetages, de prendre en compte les demandes de secours qui leur parviennent et d’assurer la gestion de ces opérations. Outre la réception des appels d’urgence, réalisée de manière orale au début du 19ème siècle puis via les outils téléphoniques, les sapeurs-pompiers ont du s’organiser afin d’améliorer la gestion des interventions assurées. A cet effet, des systèmes d’informations (SI) informatisés ont vu le jour afin de faciliter et de fiabiliser entre autre la réception de l’appel de secours, son traitement, l’identification des moyens nécessaires, l’alerte des agents engagés et le suivi des comptes rendus du commandant des opérations de secours. Ces systèmes créés de manière locale initialement ont laissé la place aux solutions informatiques élaborées par des éditeurs de logiciels spécialisés qui ont progressivement équipé les services de secours français. Par ailleurs, certains de ces éditeurs sont devenus « intégrateurs » et propose des solutions informatiques globales qui rassemblent les différents éléments : radio, téléphonie, SGA-SGO, cartographie… Au travers de l’organisation des secours en France, la nécessité de pouvoir engager, suivre et assister les moyens internes aux SDIS mis à disposition sur des interventions d’autres départements s’est faite prégnante. De plus, la remontée d’informations opérationnelles en temps réel et le suivi de celles-ci par les niveaux zonal et national se sont amplifiés au vu notamment des risques et menaces identifiés et toujours plus présents. Ceux-ci
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