United Nations Environment Programme
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PROJECT DOCUMENT SECTION 1: PROJECT IDENTIFICATION 1.1 Project title: Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Programme for Climate Change within the Coastal Zone of Cambodia Considering Livelihood Improvement and Ecosystems 1.2 Project number: LDL/ PMS: 3890 1.3 Project type: MSP 1.4 Trust Fund: LDCF 1.5 Strategic objectives: GEF strategic long-term objective: Climate change adaptation 1.6 UNEP priority: Climate Change, Ecosystem Management 1.7 Geographical scope: National Cambodia 1.8 Mode of execution: National Execution (External) 1.9 Project executing organization: Ministry of Environment of Cambodia 1.10 Duration of project: 48 months Commencing: 03/01/2011 Completion: 31/12/2014 1.11 Cost of project US$ % Cost to the LDCF 1,798,500 30 Co-financing Cash Cambodia Climate Change Alliance 2,200,000 36.7 (CCCA) Ministry of Water Resources and 1,400,000 23.4 Meteorology (MoWRAM) Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and 400,000 6.7 Fisheries (MAFF) Sub-total 4,000,000 66.74 In-kind Ministry of Environment (MOE) 195,000 3.2 Sub-total 195,000 3.2 Total 5,993,500 100 1 Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Programme for Climate Change within the Coastal Zone of Cambodia Considering Livelihood Improvement and Ecosystems 1.12 Project summary In line with guidance for the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), this proposal seeks LDCF funding for a Medium-Size Project in Cambodia to implement the adaptation priorities “rehabilitation of coastal protection infrastructure” and “community mangrove restoration and sustainable use of natural resources”, and contribute to adaptation priority “assessment of needs for setbacks, vegetation buffers and protection structures in coastal zones”, all of which were identified during the Cambodian National Adaptation Programme of Action process. In addition to LDCF funding, funds for the implementation of the project are being mobilized through the Cambodia Climate Change Alliance (CCCA), which will serve as parallel co-financing for the project. The two funding sources will cover specific activities whilst contributing to the same objective (“to reduce the vulnerability of coastal communities to the impacts of climate change by strengthening policy and science, and demonstrating targeted local interventions to increase ecosystem resilience”) and goal (“to reduce coastal vulnerability to climate change impacts on agricultural systems and natural ecosystems within the coastal zone”). The Cambodian coastal zone comprises four provinces (namely Sihanoukville, Kampot, Koh Kong, and Kep) and plays an increasingly important role in the country‟s development whilst continuing to provide vital environmental services. Approximately 45% of the population in Koh Kong and Sihanoukville and 80% in Kampot are engaged in agricultural activities. Natural ecosystems, infrastructure and agriculture within the coastal zone are presently threatened by several natural hazards such as storm surges, cyclonic activity, beach erosion and saline intrusion. Additionally, successions and combinations of droughts and floods have already resulted in a significant number of fatalities and considerable economic losses. Climate change is likely to adversely affect the natural ecosystems, infrastructure, agriculture and, indeed, community livelihoods within the coastal zone by resulting in: i) an increase in mean annual rainfall and rainfall intensity and a concomitant increase in episodes of flooding; ii) an increase in mean annual temperature; and iii) sea level rise. Sea level rise, for example, will increase the impact of cyclonic activity and storm surges and result in greater incidences of saline intrusion. Agricultural activities are largely concentrated in low-lying areas of the coastal zone due to the fertility of such areas, rendering agriculture particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts and risks. The main climate change-induced problem facing Cambodian communities along the coast to be addressed by the project is firstly that climate change is likely to further reduce agricultural productivity, hamper livelihoods and degrade productive and protective ecosystems and secondly that coastal communities, district leaders, provincial leaders and national government presently lack the technical capacity, climate change knowledge, management capacity as well as the physical and financial resources to overcome and withstand the anticipated climate change- related threats. This capacity deficit and underlying vulnerability to climate change impacts are attributable to the following underlying non-climate change-driven causes: i) high poverty levels; ii) dependence on rain-fed agriculture; iii) unsustainable use of natural resources; iv) weak coordination of coastal development activities; and v) weak enforcement of policies. Following principles of Ecosystem-Based Adaptation, the project will work to increase the resilience of natural ecosystems, such as mangrove forests, along the coast (as well as their functioning as buffer systems) and reduce the vulnerability of coastal communities to climate change impacts and risks. To achieve this, the project will inter alia rehabilitate degraded mangrove forests, introduce alternative livelihoods, protect agricultural production systems and raise awareness regarding climate change, its impacts and appropriate adaptation mechanisms. As well as implementing on-the-ground investments in vulnerable areas (i.e. Peam Krasaop district in Koh Kong and Prey Nup district in Sihanoukville), the project will create an enabling environment for effective adaptation in the coastal zone by providing policy advice and scientific tools for adaptation planning at the national and local levels. This will be realised through the achievement of the following outcomes: 1. Institutional capacity to assess climate change risks and integrate them into national development policies strengthened. 2. Adaptation planning in the coastal zone improved. 3. Vulnerability of productive systems to increased floods reduced. 4. Resilience of coastal buffers to climate change increased and livelihoods improved. Apart from the NAPA priorities mentioned above, the project will also contribute to the attainment of Millennium Development Goals 1 and 7, and UNDAF‟s Outcome 2 for Cambodia as well as to the achievement of the objectives 2 Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Programme for Climate Change within the Coastal Zone of Cambodia Considering Livelihood Improvement and Ecosystems of inter alia: i) Cambodia‟s Strategy for Agriculture and Water,; ii) the Cambodian National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan; iii) the National Strategic Development Policy; iv) The Agricultural Sector Strategic Development Plan; v) the National Programme for Sub-National Democratic Development; vi) the National Poverty Reduction; vii) and the National Water Resources Policy. The project will be implemented by the United Nations Environment Programme and executed by the Cambodian Ministry of Environment in close cooperation with sectoral ministries as well as sub-national and local leaders. 3 Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Programme for Climate Change within the Coastal Zone of Cambodia Considering Livelihood Improvement and Ecosystems TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1: PROJECT IDENTIFICATION.................................................................................................. 1 SECTION 2: BACKGROUND AND SITUATION ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 7 2.1. Background and context ........................................................................................................ 7 2.2. Threats, root causes and barrier analysis ............................................................................ 21 2.3. Demonstration sites .............................................................................................................. 26 2.4. Global significance ............................................................................................................... 27 2.5. Institutional, sectoral and policy context ............................................................................. 28 2.6. Stakeholder mapping and analysis ...................................................................................... 36 2.7. Baseline analysis and gaps ................................................................................................... 37 2.8. Linkages with other GEF and non-GEF interventions ....................................................... 40 SECTION 3: INTERVENTION STRATEGY (ALTERNATIVE) ..................................................................... 45 3.1. Project rationale, policy conformity and expected global environmental benefits............. 45 3.2. Project goal and objective .................................................................................................... 48 3.3. Project components and expected outputs .......................................................................... 48 3.4. Intervention logic and key assumptions .............................................................................. 59 3.5. Risk analysis and risk management measures .................................................................... 61 3.6. Consistency with national priorities or plans ...................................................................... 63 3.7. Additional cost reasoning ..................................................................................................... 64 3.8. Sustainability