Araliaceae) 481
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Phyllotaxy of Costus (Costaceae)
BOT. GAZ. 151(1):88-105. 1990. © 1990 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 0006-8071 /90/5101-0010$02.00 THE PHYLLOTAXY OF COSTUS (COSTACEAE) BRUCE K. KIRCHOFF AND ROLF RUTISHAUSER Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412 -5001; and Botanischer Garten, University Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland The spiromonostichous phyllotaxy of Costus, and other Costaceae, is characterized by low divergence angles, often as low as (30°—) 50°. This constrasts with the main series Fibonacci (divergence angles ap - proximating 137.5°) or distichous phyllotaxy found in all other Zingiberales. A morphological and devel- opmental study of three species of Costus revealed a number of facts about this unusual phyllotactic pattern. In C. scaber and C. woodsonii the divergence angles gradually change along a shoot, from 140 °-100° in the region of the cataphylls to 60°-45° in the inflorescence. In C. cuspidatus, the divergence angles change from 40°-100° in the cataphyll region to ca. 137 ° in the inflorescence. In all three species, the cataphylls and foliage leaves have tubular sheaths, while the inflorescence bracts are nonsheathing. Thus, spiromo - nostichy is only loosely correlated with closed leaf sheaths. Kirchoff, B. K. and R. Rutishauser. 1990. The phyllotaxy of Costus (Costaceae). Botanical Gazette 151: 88-105. Made available courtesy of University of Chicago Press: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/337808 Introduction anists, (2) to present new data on the gradual change in divergence angles along aerial shoots, (3) to in- HOFMEISTER (1868) noted that, in normal phyl- vestigate developmental and anatomical features lotactic systems, leaf primordia at the apex appear correlated with the gradual change in divergence as far as possible from each other. -
Rich Zingiberales
RESEARCH ARTICLE INVITED SPECIAL ARTICLE For the Special Issue: The Tree of Death: The Role of Fossils in Resolving the Overall Pattern of Plant Phylogeny Building the monocot tree of death: Progress and challenges emerging from the macrofossil- rich Zingiberales Selena Y. Smith1,2,4,6 , William J. D. Iles1,3 , John C. Benedict1,4, and Chelsea D. Specht5 Manuscript received 1 November 2017; revision accepted 2 May PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Inclusion of fossils in phylogenetic analyses is necessary in order 2018. to construct a comprehensive “tree of death” and elucidate evolutionary history of taxa; 1 Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of however, such incorporation of fossils in phylogenetic reconstruction is dependent on the Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA availability and interpretation of extensive morphological data. Here, the Zingiberales, whose 2 Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, familial relationships have been difficult to resolve with high support, are used as a case study MI 48109, USA to illustrate the importance of including fossil taxa in systematic studies. 3 Department of Integrative Biology and the University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA METHODS: Eight fossil taxa and 43 extant Zingiberales were coded for 39 morphological seed 4 Program in the Environment, University of Michigan, Ann characters, and these data were concatenated with previously published molecular sequence Arbor, MI 48109, USA data for analysis in the program MrBayes. 5 School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Section of Plant Biology and the Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA KEY RESULTS: Ensete oregonense is confirmed to be part of Musaceae, and the other 6 Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) seven fossils group with Zingiberaceae. -
Vase Life of Floral and Vegetative Stems of Costaceae(1)
MARCOS ANTONIO DA SILVA JÚNIOR et. al 443 SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE Vase life of floral and vegetative stems of Costaceae(1) MARCOS ANTONIO DA SILVA JÚNIOR(2), PETTERSON BAPTISTA DA LUZ(2)*, CAROLINA DE FARIA CABRAL PAES PEREIRA E BARROS(2), CAROLINA MOREIRA DE MEDEIROS(2) ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the vase life of floral and vegetative stems of Costaceae and describe their morphological characteristics. To evaluate the vase life of floral and vegetative stems, four and six species were used, respectively. Three cutting stages were established for floral stems. Stems were cut a few days before flower opening at stage 1, upon opening of the first flower(s) (anthesis) at stage 2, and when floral stems showed more than 15 opened flowers at stage 3. However, only two different stages were applied for each species. Floral stems were standardized with 50 cm in length, while vegetative stems were standardized with 70 cm in length. The morphological characteristics determined for floral stems included diameter of the floral stem, length of inflorescence, diameter of inflorescence and fresh mass of floral stem. For vegetative stems, we considered diameter and fresh mass. After the first evaluation, stems were maintained at 22 ºC and 53% of humidity. The total number of post-harvest days (global longevity) in which the quality of floral and vegetative stems was acceptable were evaluated. The highest vase life for floral stems at stage 1 was observed for Costus woodsoni, Costus arabicus x Costus spiralis (Costus Tropicales), and Costus scaber. Hellenia speciosa showed higher vase life at stage 3. -
The Evolutionary and Biogeographic Origin and Diversification of the Tropical Monocot Order Zingiberales
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 49 2006 The volutE ionary and Biogeographic Origin and Diversification of the Tropical Monocot Order Zingiberales W. John Kress Smithsonian Institution Chelsea D. Specht Smithsonian Institution; University of California, Berkeley Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Kress, W. John and Specht, Chelsea D. (2006) "The vE olutionary and Biogeographic Origin and Diversification of the Tropical Monocot Order Zingiberales," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 49. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/49 Zingiberales MONOCOTS Comparative Biology and Evolution Excluding Poales Aliso 22, pp. 621-632 © 2006, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden THE EVOLUTIONARY AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN AND DIVERSIFICATION OF THE TROPICAL MONOCOT ORDER ZINGIBERALES W. JOHN KRESS 1 AND CHELSEA D. SPECHT2 Department of Botany, MRC-166, United States National Herbarium, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA 1Corresponding author ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Zingiberales are a primarily tropical lineage of monocots. The current pantropical distribution of the order suggests an historical Gondwanan distribution, however the evolutionary history of the group has never been analyzed in a temporal context to test if the order is old enough to attribute its current distribution to vicariance mediated by the break-up of the supercontinent. Based on a phylogeny derived from morphological and molecular characters, we develop a hypothesis for the spatial and temporal evolution of Zingiberales using Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis (DIVA) combined with a local molecular clock technique that enables the simultaneous analysis of multiple gene loci with multiple calibration points. -
Costus Species in the Upper Manú Region
Costus species in the Upper Manú Region Prepared by David L. Skinner, Email: [email protected] January 12, 2013 This is a description of the Costus species that are known to occur in Amazonian Peru, and possibly to be found in the upper Manú region. In 1972 and 1977 Dr. Paul Maas published a monograph on new world Costus in the New York Botanical Garden Flora Neotropica series. The species descriptions below are taken primarily from his monograph and from three new species descriptions in 1990, but also from my own observations from many field trips in Central and South America looking for Costus. For example, I have found that many Costus species can flower either as a basal inflorescence on a leafless or nearly leafless shoot, or terminally on leafy shoot, so I have dismissed this as a determinative character. I have also found many plants that do not fit well with any named species, and found that the range and diversity of some species is much wider than previously reported. Costus can be classified for identification purposes into four main groupings: Group I: Bracts with foliacious green or red appendages or reflexed appices and flowers closed/tubular. Group II: Bracts with foliacious green or red appendages or reflexed appices and flowers open/spreading. Group III: Bracts not appendaged (or only lowest bracts appendaged) and flowers closed/tubular. Group IV: Bracts not appendaged (or only lowest bracts appendaged) and flowers open/spreading. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Costus vargasii - Group I This species is widely cultivated, sometimes sold in US horticulture under the name Costus 'Raspberry Yogurt'. -
How to Label Plant Structures with Doubtful Or Mixed Identities? Zootaxa
Plant structure ontology: How should we label plant structures with doubtful or mixed identities?* By: BRUCE K. KIRCHOFF†, EVELIN PFEIFER‡, and ROLF RUTISHAUSER§ Kirchoff, B. K., E. Pfeifer, and R. Rutishauser. (Dec. 2008) Plant Structure Ontology: How to label plant structures with doubtful or mixed identities? Zootaxa. 1950, 103-122. Made available courtesy of ELSEVIER: http://www.elsevier.com/ ***Note: Figures may be missing from this format of the document Abstract: This paper discusses problems with labelling plant structures in the context of attempts to create a unified Plant Structure Ontology. Special attention is given to structures with mixed, or doubtful identities that are difficult or even impossible to label with a single term. In various vascular plants (and some groups of animals) the structural categories for the description of forms are less distinct than is often supposed. Thus, there are morphological misfits that do not fit exactly into one or the other category and to which it is difficult, or even impossible, to apply a categorical name. After presenting three case studies of intermediate organs and organs whose identity is in doubt, we review five approaches to categorizing plant organs, and evaluate the potential of each to serve as a general reference system for gene annotations. The five approaches are (1) standardized vocabularies, (2) labels based on developmental genetics, (3) continuum morphology, (4) process morphology, (5) character cladograms. While all of these approaches have important domains of applicability, we conclude that process morphology is the one most suited to gene annotation. Article: INTRODUCTION For practical investigation of morphology and phylogeny reconstruction, most botanists still work with metaphors or concepts that view morphological characters as “frozen in time,” as static “slices” of a continuous process. -
Catalog of the Hispines of the World: Tribe Cephaloleiini Chapuis
Tribe Imatidiini Hope 1840 Imatidiniidae Hope 1840:152. Imatidiniini Hope 1840. Bouchard et al. 2011:78, 515 (nomenclature); Liao et al. 2015:162 (host plants). Himatidiites Chapuis 1875:361 (in part). Handlirsch 1925:666 (classification). Himatidiitae Spaeth 1929:113. Imatidiini Hincks 1952:328. Seeno & Wilcox 1982:172 (genera); Jolivet 1988a:308 (host plants); Borowiec 1995:553 (synonymy); Jolivet & Hawkeswood 1995:161 (host plants); Chaboo 2007:180 (phylogeny). Imatidiini Chapuis. Simões & Monné 2011:221 (faunal list). Cephaloleties Chapuis 1875:277. Handlirsch 1925:666 (classification). Cephaloleiini Chapuis. Borowiec 1995:553 (status); Staines 2002a:729 (genera), 2004a:311 (host plants); Bouchard et al. 2011:78, 513 (nomenclature). Cephaloleiini Weise 1910a:75. Weise 1911a:5 (catalog), 1911b:5 (catalog); Uhmann 1940g: 119 (claws), 1942b:93 (pygidium), 1957b:8 (catalog), 1959d:8 (scutellum), 1964a:401 (catalog), 1964b:4 (faunal list), 1966d:269 (noted), 1968b:248 (faunal list); Monrós & Viana 1947:140 (Argentina species); Buck 1958:145 (museum list); Wilcox 1975:136 (catalog); Seeno & Wilcox 1982:158 (genera); Chen et al. 1986:596 (China species); Jolivet 1988b:13 (host plants), 1989b:303 (host plants); Jolivet & Hawkeswood 1995: 143 (host plants); Cox 1996a:168 (pupae); Jolivet & Verma 2002:62 (noted); Staines 2002a:729 (generic revision); Roig-Juñent 2004:116 (faunal list); Peck 2005:186 (faunal list); Chaboo 2007:174 (phylogeny). Cephaloliinae. Guérin 1953:97 (faunal list). Callispites Chapuis 1875:269. Type genus:Cephaloleia Chevrolat. Aslamidium Borowiec 1984 Aslamidium Borowiec 1984:412, replacement name for Imatidium Aslam 1965:689 not Fabricius 1801a. Type species:Cassida capense Herbst, by original designation. Jolivet & Hawkeswood 1995:162 (host plants); Staines 1996(1997):10 (Nicaragua species); Borowiec 1998:367 (new species), 2000:178 (new species); Borowiec & Sassi 2001:483 (key); Staines 2002a:730 (genera), 2004a:311 (host plants), 2006a:61 (key). -
Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene Ndhf Thomas J
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 4 2006 Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF Thomas J. Givnish University of Wisconsin-Madison J. Chris Pires University of Wisconsin-Madison; University of Missouri Sean W. Graham University of British Columbia Marc A. McPherson University of Alberta; Duke University Linda M. Prince Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Gardens See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Givnish, Thomas J.; Pires, J. Chris; Graham, Sean W.; McPherson, Marc A.; Prince, Linda M.; Patterson, Thomas B.; Rai, Hardeep S.; Roalson, Eric H.; Evans, Timothy M.; Hahn, William J.; Millam, Kendra C.; Meerow, Alan W.; Molvray, Mia; Kores, Paul J.; O'Brien, Heath W.; Hall, Jocelyn C.; Kress, W. John; and Sytsma, Kenneth J. (2006) "Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/4 Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF Authors Thomas J. Givnish, J. Chris Pires, Sean W. Graham, Marc A. McPherson, Linda M. Prince, Thomas B. Patterson, Hardeep S. Rai, Eric H. Roalson, Timothy M. Evans, William J. Hahn, Kendra C. Millam, Alan W. Meerow, Mia Molvray, Paul J. Kores, Heath W. O'Brien, Jocelyn C. Hall, W. John Kress, and Kenneth J. Sytsma This article is available in Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/ 4 Aliso 22, pp. -
Aswathi & Sabu C
T REPRO N DU LA C The International Journal of Plant Reproductive Biology 7(2) pp.120-127, 2015 P T I F V O E B Y T I O E I L O C G O S I S T E S H DOI 10.14787/ijprb.2015 7.2.120-127 T Pollination Biology of Costus woodsonii Maas (Costaceae) P. Aswathi, K. Aswani & M. Sabu* Taxonomy Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala - 673 635, India *e-mail: [email protected] Received : 09.10.2014; Revised: 14.01.2015; Accepted & Published online: 15.02.2015 ABSTRACT Costus woodsonii is a perennial herb, belongs to the family Costaceae under the order Zingiberales. Inflorescence terminal, flowers emerge one at a time from bright red coloured bracts of inflorescence, flowers throughout the year. Anthesis occurs between 05:00–06:00 and the average life span of individual flower is 1 day. Anther dehiscence occurs between 03:00 and 03:30 through longitudinal slit. Flowers offer both nectar and pollen to visitors. Nectar secreted both in bract and flower. Pollen grains are polyporate and remains as viable still after 13 hours after anther dehiscence. Percentage of pollen viability is high at 07:00. High percentages of pollen grains are fertile (89.7 ± 0.8%) on the day of anthesis. In vitro pollen germination is found maximum in 1% of sucrose solution. Stigma becomes more receptive at 06:00 and stigma loss its receptivity after 15:00. Nectarinia asiatica, N. zeylonica are the main pollinators. Autogamy, geitonogamy and xenogamy were carried out, to check whether the species is self compatible or not. -
Introduction Low As 30" (Fig. 5, Dimerocostus Strobilaceus 0
BOT. GAT. 151(1):88-105. 1990. O 1990 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 0006-8071/90/5101-0010$02.00 THE PHYLLOTAXY OF COSTUS (COSTACEAE) BRUCE K. KIRCHOFF AND ROLF RUTISHAUSER Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412-5001; and Botanischer Garten, Universitat Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland The spiromonostichous phyllotaxy of Costus, and other Costaceae, is characterized by low divergence angles, often as low as (30"-) 50". This constrasts with the main series Fibonacci (divergence angles ap- proximating 137.5") or distichous phyllotaxy found in all other Zingiberales. A morphological and devel- opmental study of three species of Costus revealed a number of facts about this unusual phyllotactic pattern. In C. scaber and C. woodsonii the divergence angles gradually change along a shoot, from 140"-100" in the region of the cataphylls to 60'-45' in the inflorescence. In C, cuspidatus, the divergence angles change from 40"-100" in the cataphyll region to ca. 137' in the inflorescence. In all three species, the cataphylls and foliage leaves have tubular sheaths, while the inflorescence bracts are nonsheathing. Thus, spiromo- nostichy is only loosely correlated with closed leaf sheaths. Introduction anists, (2) to present new data on the gradual change in divergence angles along aerial shoots, (3) to HOFMEISTER(1868) noted that, in normal phyl- in- vestigate developmental and anatomical features lotactic systems, leaf primordia at the apex appear correlated with the gradual change in divergence as far as possible from each other. This general- angle in Costus, and (4) to review theories that at- ization is known as Hofmeister's rule (WEISSE1932; tempt to explain the phyllotactic pattern in the SMITH194 1; JEAN1984) and is the basis of many Costaceae. -
Flowering Plants of Africa
Flowering Plants of Africa A magazine containing colour plates with descriptions of flowering plants of Africa and neighbouring islands Edited by G. Germishuizen with assistance of E. du Plessis and G.S. Condy Volume 60 Pretoria 2007 Editorial Board B.J. Huntley formerly South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA G.Ll. Lucas Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK B. Mathew Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Referees and other co-workers on this volume C. Archer, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA H. Beentje, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK C.L. Bredenkamp, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA P.V. Bruyns, Bolus Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, RSA P. Chesselet, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France C. Craib, Bryanston, RSA A.P. Dold, Botany Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, RSA G.D. Duncan, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA V.A. Funk, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA P. Goldblatt, Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, Missouri, USA S. Hammer, Sphaeroid Institute, Vista USA C. Klak, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, RSA M. Koekemoer, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA O.A. Leistner, c/o South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA S. Liede-Schumann, Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Germany J.C. Manning, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA D.C.H. Plowes, Mutare, Zimbabwe E. Retief, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, RSA S.J. Siebert, Department of Botany, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, RSA D.A. Snijman, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, RSA C.D. -
Zingiberales)
Homoplasy, Pollination, and Emerging Complexity During the Evolution of Floral Development in the Tropical Gingers (Zingiberales) By: Chelsea D. Specht, Roxana Yockteng, Ana Maria Almeida, Bruce K. Kirchoff, W. John Kress Specht, C. D., Y. Roxana, A. M. Almeida, B. K. Kirchoff, W. J. Kress. 2012. Homoplasy, pollination, and emerging complexity during the evolution of floral development in the tropical gingers (Zingiberales). Botanical Review 78: 440–462. The final publication is available at http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12229-012-9111- 6 ***Reprinted with permission. No further reproduction is authorized without written permission from Springer. This version of the document is not the version of record. Figures and/or pictures may be missing from this format of the document. *** Abstract: With their impressive array of floral diversity and a largely-understood phylogenetic relationships, the Zingiberales provide an ideal model clade to test for the roles of genetic and ecological factors driving floral diversification. Many Zingiberales have close associations with particular suites of pollinators, a species-level interaction that is reflected in their overall floral morphology. Here we first discuss the importance of understanding developmental evolution in a phylogenetic context, then use the evolution of floral morphology across the Zingiberales to test the hypothesis that shifts in rates of diversification among these tropical monocots is correlated with shifts in pollination syndrome, suggesting an important role of pollination specificity in driving speciation and floral diversification in the Zingiberales. Keywords: Floral evolution | Developmental evolution | Pollination syndrome | Zingiberales | Diversification rates | Model clade | Key innovation Article: “…evolutionary approaches and the exploration of developmental diversity offer a powerful probe into developmental mechanisms and the architecture of ontogeny, in a distinct and perhaps complementary manner to that provided by developmental genetics”—Rudolf A.