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The Architecture of Security in the Asia-Pacific

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The Architecture of Security in the Asia-Pacific The Architecture of Security in the Asia-Pacific The Architecture of Security in the Asia-Pacific EDITED BY RON HUISKEN Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/architecture_citation.html National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: The architecture of security in the Asia-Pacific / editor Ron Huisken. ISBN: 9781921666025 (pbk.) 9781921666032 (pdf.) Subjects: National security--Asia--Congresses. National security--Pacific Area--Congresses. Other Authors/Contributors: Huisken, R. H. (Ronald Herman), 1946- Australian National University. Strategic and Defence Studies Centre. China Foundation for International and Strategic Studies. Dewey Number: 355.33095 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. The Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence series is a collection of publications arising principally from research undertaken at the SDSC. Canberra Papers have been peer reviewed since 2006. All Canberra Papers are available for sale: visit the SDSC website at <http://rspas. anu.edu.au/sdsc/canberra_papers.php> for abstracts and prices. Electronic copies (in pdf format) of most SDSC Working Papers published since 2002 may be downloaded for free from the SDSC website at <http://rspas.anu.edu.au/sdsc/working_papers.php>. The entire Working Papers series is also available on a ‘print on demand’ basis. Strategic and Defence Studies Centre Publications Program Advisory Review Panel: Emeritus Professor Paul Dibb; Professor Desmond Ball; Professor David Horner; Professor Hugh White; Professor William Tow; Professor Anthony Milner; Professor Virginia Hooker; Dr Coral Bell; Dr Pauline Kerr Strategic and Defence Studies Centre Publications Program Editorial Board: Professor Hugh White; Dr Brendan Taylor; Dr Christian Enemark; Miss Meredith Thatcher (series editor) Cover design by ANU E Press Printed by University Printing Services, ANU This edition © 2009 ANU E Press Table of Contents Contributors vii Acronyms and Abbreviations xi List of Tables xiii 1. Introduction 1 Ron Huisken 2. Developing East Asia’s Security Architecture: An Australian 11 perspective on ASEAN processes Brendan Taylor 3. The ASEAN Power 21 Zhai Kun 4. The SCO’s Success in Security Architecture 33 Pan Guang 5. Shifting Tides: China and North Korea 45 Zhu Feng 6. ‘The Six-Party Talks Process: Towards an Asian Concert?’ 59 Robert Ayson 7. The US Role in the Future Security Architecture for East Asia 67 Ron Huisken 8. The Role of the United States in the Future Security Architecture 85 for East Asia—from the Perspective of China-US Military-to-Military Interaction Lu Dehong 9. Potential Strategic Risks in China-US Relations 101 Yuan Peng 10. Changes in China-Japan Relations and East Asian Security 111 Zhang Tuosheng Index 121 Contributors Robert Ayson directs The Australian National University's Graduate Studies in Strategy and Defence program and is a Fellow in the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre. He has taught in New Zealand universities and served as adviser to the New Zealand parliamentary select committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade. The author of Thomas Schelling and the Nuclear Age, Frank Cass, London and New York, 2004, his research interests include strategic concepts, Asia-Pacific stability, and Australia-New Zealand defence issues. Ron Huisken is senior fellow at the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, The Australian National University. He has held a variety of research and teaching positions in Australia and overseas, together with assignments in the United Nations and the Australian Public Service. He spent a number of years with the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute working particularly on military expenditures, naval forces and nuclear arms control. At the UN Department of Disarmament Affairs, he played a key role in producing a landmark study on the relationships between disarmament and development. In government in Australia, he worked predominantly on arms control issues with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and on alliance management questions with the Department of Defence. He also served as deputy Chief of Mission in the Australian embassy in Bonn in 1990±94. He returned to academia in 2001 where his research interests include East Asian security, alliance politics, and proliferation. His publications include (with F. Barnaby) Arms Uncontrolled; The Origin of the Strategic Cruise Missile; and The Road to War on Iraq. Lu Dehong is deputy director of the research department at the China Foundation for International and Strategic Studies. His main research areas include defence policy and strategic planning. He received his PhD from the National Defense University, PLA. Before demobilisation from the army, he served as staff officer in the China Ministry of National Defense. Pan Guang is the director and professor of the Shanghai Center for International Studies and Institute of European & Asian Studies at the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, director of the SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation) Studies Center in Shanghai, dean of the Center of Jewish Studies Shanghai (CJSS) and vice chairman of Chinese Society of Middle East Studies. He is also the International Council Member of Asia Society in USA, Senior Advisor of the China-Eurasia Forum in USA, an advisory board member of the Asia Europe Journal (by ASEF) in Singapore and senior advisor on anti-terror affairs to the Shanghai Municipality and Ministry of Public Security of PRC. His awards include the James Friend Annual Memorial Award for Sino-Jewish Studies (1993), the Special Award for Research on Canadian Jews from China (1996), and the Sankt Peterburg-300 Medal for Contribution to China-Russia Relations, which vii The Architecture of Security in the Asia-Pacific was awarded in 2004 by then Russia President Vladimir Putin. In 2006 he received the Austria Holocaust Memorial Award. In 2005 he was nominated by then UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan to be a member of the High-Level Group for the UN Alliance of Civilizations. He has undertaken research and lectured widely in North America, East Asia, Russia, Centre Asia, Europe, the Middle East and Australia. He has published such works as The Jews in China and From Silk Road to Asem: 2000 Years of Asia-Europe Relations. Other topics include the 2003 US War on Iraq, relations between China, Central Asia, and Russia; SCO and China's role in the war on terrorism; contemporary international crises; China's success in the Middle East; the anti-terrorism strategy and the role in the war on terror of China; Islam and Confucianism and the development of Islam in China; ethnic and religious conflicts in the Pacific Rim area; and China and post-Soviet Central Asia. Brendan Taylor is a lecturer in the Graduate Studies in Strategy and Defence program at the Strategic Defence Studies Centre, The Australian National University. Dr Taylor is the course coordinator for the program elective `The US and East Asian Security'. His research interests include Northeast Asian security, American foreign policy, economic statecraft, and alliance politics. He lectures to a number of undergraduate and postgraduate classes at The Australian National UniversityÐwhere he coordinates Masters-level courses on `Asia-Pacific security' and `The US and East Asian security'Ðas well as to various Australian Defence Colleges and public fora. He is a member of the Australian Committee of the Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific. His publications have appeared in such leading international journals as Asian Security, Comparative Strategy, and the Australian Journal of International Affairs. He also co-authored (with D. Ball and A. Milner) Mapping Track II Institutions in New Zealand, Australia and the Asian Region, An Independent Study Submitted to the Asia New Zealand Foundation in March 2005. Yuan Peng is currently director of the Institute of American Studies, China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR). His research focuses on US foreign policy, China-US relations, cross-Strait relations, and East Asian-Pacific Security Studies. He served as a senior fellow of the CNAPS Program (Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies) at the Brookings Institution from September 2003 to June 2004, and visiting scholar in the Senior Fellow Program at the Atlantic Council of the United States form December 1999 to June 2000. His latest books are American Think-Tanks and Their Attitudes Towards China (editor-in-chief, 2003) and China-U.S. Relations: A Strategic Analysis (co-editor, 2005). He has also published articles in Chinese newspapers such as People's Daily, China Daily, and Global Times. Zhai Kun is the director of Southeast Asian and the Oceanian Studies of China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations. His areas of expertise include viii Contributors Southeast Asia, Oceania, East Asian cooperation and Asia-Europe cooperation. In addition to his academic pursuits, Zhai Kun is a columnist and an adviser to China Central Television. Zhang Tuosheng is a senior fellow, chairman of the academic assessment committee, and director of the Department of Research at the China Foundation for International and Strategic Studies. During the early 1990s, he
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