Washington Journal of Modern China
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Washington Journal of Modern China Winter 2008 - 2009, Vol. 9, No. 1 ISSN 1064-3028 Copyright, Academic Press of America, Inc. Washington Journal of Modern China Winter 2008 - 2009, Vol. 9, No. 1 Published by the United States-China Policy Foundation Editor Marcia R. Ristaino, Ph.D. Assistant Editors Kelsey Strampe and Corinne Milliken Publisher/Founder Wang Chi, Ph.D. The Washington Journal of Modern China is published twice a year. The journal is a policy-oriented publication on modern Chinese culture, economics, history, politics, and United States- China relations. The views expressed in the journal are those of the authors. The publishers, editors, and committee assume no responsibility for the statements of fact or opinion expressed by the contributors. The journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts and book reviews from scholars, policymakers, government officials, and other professionals on all aspects of modern China, including those that deal with Taiwan and Hong Kong, and from all points of view. Manuscript queries should be sent to the Editor, the Washington Journal of Modern China , The United States-China Policy Foundation, 316 Pennsylvania Avenue SE, Suites 201-202, Washington, DC 20003. Telephone: 202-547-8615. Fax: 202-547- 8853. The annual subscription rate for institutions is $30.00; for individuals, $24.00. Shipping and Handling is $5.00 per year. Back/sample issues are available for $14.00/issue. Subscription requests can be made online, at www.uscpf.org or sent to the address above. Advisory Committee Pieter Bottelier Leo Orleans Johns Hopkins University, United States-China Policy SAIS Foundation Bates Gill James Przystup Stockholm International National Defense University Peace Research Institute Robert G. Sutter William R. Johnson Georgetown University, George Washington School of Foreign Service University Richard P. Suttmeier David M. Lampton University of Oregon Johns Hopkins University, SAIS Stephen Uhalley, Jr. University of San Francisco Nicholas Lardy Peterson Institute for Edward A. McCord International Economics George Washington University Washington Journal of Modern China Winter 2008 - 2009, Vol. 9, No. 1 Contributors to this Issue i Announcement: George W. Bush and China: Policies, Problems and Partnership iv 2008 Year in Review 1 Meghan A. Crossin Sino -American Dynamics in Perspective 21 Ambassador Chas W. Freeman, Jr. The Future of China -US Relations 29 Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Ph.D. US -China Relations: Lessons Learned, New Challenges 35 Stanton Jue Witnessing Change: Three Decades of US-China Relations 41 Chi Wang, Ph.D. Charm Offensive: How China’s Soft Power is Transforming the World 45 Joshua Kurlantzick A New Diplomatic Model: A Chinese Perspective on the Shanghai Cooperation Organization 55 Pan Guang A Special US -China Relationship: American Adoptions of Chinese Children 73 Fang Gann REVIEWS The River Runs Black: The Envi ronmental Challenge to China’s Future By Elizabeth C. Economy Managing The Chinese Environment Richard Louis Edmonds, ed. The Retreat of the Elephants: An Environmental History of China By Mark Elvin Discovering Nature: Globalization and Environmental Culture in China and Taiwan By Robert P. Weller Reviewed by Wayne Bert 97 Journey across the Four Seas: A Chinese Woman’s Search for Home By Veronica Li Reviewed by Kathy Ogawa 104 George W. Bush and China: Policies, Problems and Partnership By Chi Wang, Ph.D. Reviewed by Wu Yue 107 China and Vietnam: The Politics of Asymmetry By Brantly Womack Reviewed by Robert Sutter, Ph.D. 110 The China Fantasy: How Our Leaders Explain Away Chinese Repression By James Mann Reviewed by Meghan A. Crossin 113 Contributors to This Issue Wayne Bert is author of The United States, China and Southeast Asian Security: A Changing of the Guard. During the 2005-2006 academic year, he taught international relations at the China Foreign Affairs University in Beijing. Meghan A. Crossin is a Program Associate at the United States- China Policy Foundation. She has authored articles on Sino- American relations and has contributed research and writing to several published books on the subject. Ambassador Chas W. Freeman, Jr. has held numerous positions in the US government, including Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Affairs, US Ambassador to Saudi Arabia, and Chargé d’Affaires in the American Embassies in Bangkok (1984-1986) and Beijing (1981-1984). He was the principal American interpreter during President Nixon's path-breaking visit to China in 1972. Fang Gann is a freelance translator and documentary filmmaker. Her award-winning documentary “In the Middle” tells the story of several adopted Chinese children and their American families. Mrs. Gann earned her Master’s degree in Mass Communications from Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Stanton Jue is a retired Foreign Service Officer who held overseas assignments in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, China, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Australia as well as in Washington as China-policy officer in USIA during Nixon’s historic visit to China in 1972. His professional experience focuses on China from the Cold War, through normalization of relations, to China’s recent rise as a dominant power in regional and global affairs. Joshua Kurlantzick is a visiting scholar in the Carnegie Endowment’s China Program as well as a special correspondent for The New Republic and a senior correspondent for The American Prospect . Previously he was foreign editor at The New Republic , covered international economics and trade for US News and World Report , and reported on Southeast Asia for The Economist. His articles have appeared in numerous other publications. Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Ph.D serves as University Distinguished Service Professor, the Sultan of Oman Professor of International i Washington Journal of Modern China Relations, and Dean of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. Previously, he served as Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, Chair of the National Intelligence Council, and Deputy Under Secretary of State for Security Assistance, Science, and Technology. His publications include The Powers to Lead (Oxford University Press), Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics ; Understanding International Conflict (5th edition); and The Power Game: A Washington Novel . Kazuko Ogawa is Senior Operations Officer in the Europe and Central Asia Region of the World Bank. Her assignments in the World Bank have included working on the China Program from 1984 to 1998 (including a four-year assignment in Beijing) and more recently, the Bank’s programs for the countries of the former Soviet Union (including a three-year assignment in Ukraine) and India. She currently resides in Washington, DC Pan Guang is Director of the Shanghai Cooperative Organization Studies Center in Shanghai, at the Shanghai Center for International Studies, and the Institute of European and Asian Studies at the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences. He has written books, book chapters, and articles on China, Central Asia, Russian relations, China’s role in the war on terrorism, and contemporary international relations crises. Marcia R. Ristaino, formerly of the Library of Congress, is author of China’s Art of Revolution: The Mobilization of Discontent, Port of Last Resort: The Diaspora Communities of Shanghai, and The Jacquinot Safe Zone: Wartime Refugees in Shanghai . She has written numerous articles and book chapters. Robert Sutter, Ph.D. is a visiting Professor of Asian Studies at Georgetown University, Edmund A. Wash School of Foreign Service. His most recent book is Chinese Foreign Relations: Power and Policy since the Cold War. Chi Wang, Ph.D. is President, Chair, and Co-Founder of the United States-China Policy Foundation. Earlier in his career, he served as the Head of the Chinese and Korean Section of the Library of Congress for thirty years. Dr. Wang is the author of two recently published books: George W. Bush and China: Policies, Problems and Partnership (Lexington Books, 2008) and a Chinese memoir published by the Commercial Press of Hong Kong, 從北京到華盛頓: ii 王 冀 的 中 美 歷 史 回 憶 (From Beijing to Washington: Witnessing Changing Sino-American History, a memoir). Wu Yue has engaged in journalism for seven years, first with the Xinhua News Agency in Beijing and then with the Chinapress in New York City and Washington, DC. She holds one M.A. in linguistics from Nanjing University and a second M.A. in Journalism from Missouri School of Journalism. She is currently studying international policy and practice at the Elliott School of International Affairs of George Washington University. iii Announcement George W. Bush and China: Policies, Problems and Partnership George W. Bush and China: Policies, Problems and Partnership , written by Chi Wang, Ph.D. was published by Lexington Books, an imprint of Rowman and Littlefield, in November 2008. The book addresses US policies toward China under President George W. Bush. Dr. Wang examines the relationship between the United States and China from its tense origins to its current stability, and demonstrates US China-policy is ultimately based on pragmatic national interests that eventually overcome short-term ideological difficulties or mistakes by inexperienced American administrations. Briefly summarizing the China-policy legacy of Presidents George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton, Dr. Wang then provides a review of significant developments in US China-policy during President George W. Bush’s first term in office. By following this summary with an analysis of the varied agendas of Bush’s foreign policy advisors during his second term, Dr. Wang allows his readers to trace the influence of advisors on the president’s China- policy. Additionally, Dr. Wang chronicles the reordering of US security priorities after September 11, showing how new challenges prompted Washington to embrace China in a measured partnership and has resulted in the short-term stabilization of US-China relations. The book will be available for purchase at retail locations and can also be ordered online at www.rowmanlittlefield.com and www.amazon.com.