DOCSLIB.ORG

Phylogeny of Willdenowia (Restionacaea): Implications For

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phylogeny of Willdenowia (Restionacaea): Implications For - - - Phylogeny of Willdenowia (Restionaceae): Implications for speciation mechanisms and evolution of regeneration strategies in the Fynbos. - - - - - A.J. Swift Systematics Project - Botany Honours 1994 Supervisor: Dr. H.P.Linder - - - - - - - - - - The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town 80LUS LI8RARY - C24 0004 7836 I 111 I - ABSTRACT - The phylogeny of Willdenowia is investigated using cladistic analysis, by studying culm anatomy, reproductive morphology and nut morphology. Two major clades are resolved, - consisting of three and seven species respectively. Important characters being tepal shape, elaiosome and nut characteristics. Species groups within the genus are, in general, seperated by ecological factors, including altitudinal range, regeneration strategy (i.e. seeder/sprouter) - and to a lesser extent phenology. This suggests that sympatric speciation, caused by steep ecological gradients present in the south-western Cape, may be an important process in the Fynbos. The Willdenowia phylogeny also shows that the ability to resprout after fire is - ancestral, with sprouter-species giving rise to seeder-species in all cases. This suggests that sprouting is ancestral within the Restionaceae. This is discussed in relation to previous studies on regeneration strategies. This pattern also has implications for conservation; - sprouter species possibly deserve a higher conservation status, as a result of their increased speciation potential. Because of their resiliance to the variable fire regime of the Fynbos, sprouter species are more likely to persist in the environment and give rise to new species, - than are seeder species, which are more susceptible to local extinction. - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1. INTRODUCTION - Elucidating the mechanisms behind the unusually high floral diversity of the Cape Flora - remains as one of the most challenging biological problems of this unique area (Linder and - Vlok, 1991). Two hypotheses have been advanced to explain the high species diversity of the Fynbos flora. Cowling (1987) invokes the effects of frequent, irregular fires which result in - an absence of competitive exclusion as the dominant cause, while Linder (1985a) (Linder and Vlok, 1991), proposes that the steep ecological gradients present in the Cape region are the primary force behind increased speciation events. - One method of approaching this problem is to uncover processes operating at the generic - level. Understanding processes at a generic level provides a "window" through which we can gain insight into processes occurring at a familial and landscape level. Through cladistic - analysis, a putative phylogeny of a genus can be calculated. From a phylogeny, sister species - can be isolated allowing the identification of mechanisms resulting in speciation events. This will, in tum, provide clues relating to the mechanisms behind the high species diversity of - the Cape flora. The genus Willdenowia Thun. was considered a suitable genus for such a - study, considering its size (i.e. eleven species) and its morphological variation. To date the study of evolution and speciation within the Restionaceae has been limited to - work on the genus Rhodocoma Nees (Linder and Vlok, 1991), a paper which provided valuable clues regarding speciation in the Cape Flora. - - 2 A second major aim of the study is to investigate the evolution of regeneration mechanisms - within the genus Willdenowia. By assessing the distribution of seeders and sprouters on the - phylogeny of Willdenowia, one can also gain insight into the processes behind the evolution of regeneration mechanisms. Pressing questions include the following: (i) Which state (i.e. - seeder or sprouter) is ancestral ? (ii) Does the distribution of seeders and sprouters show any - pattern, and if so, what are the implications of this pattern. - Willdenowia Thun. is a genus in the family Restionaceae, which includes eleven species. - Thunberg, who originally erected the genus, included three species in his description (Linder, - 1984). Pillans (1928), in his work on the African Restionaceae, expanded the genus to include twelve species, which was later increased to thirteen with the discovery and description of Willdenowia stokoei Pillans (Pillans, 1942). In his review of the African - Restionaceae, Linder ( 1984) transferred W. argentea, W. .fistulosa and W. .fimbriata to Ceratocyrum. The description of Willdenowia rugosa Esterhuysen (Linder, 1985), brought - the number of species in the genus to its current number of eleven. - The most important characteristic used to circumscribe Willdenowia is the form of the male - inflorescences, which are thyrsoid (Pillans, 1928, Linder, 1984, 1985). Other important - characteristics include linear male perianth segments, branching culms and the presence of an eliasome (the latter two characters are not consistent throughout the entire genus). The distribution range of the genus is centred in the south-western Cape, with individual taxa extending on a north-south axis (as far as Kamiesberg), or a west-east axis (as far as - Knysna). Species are found across a wide altitudinal range, and are usually found to occupy occasionally damp habitats in the landscape. - - - 3 - 2. MATERIALS and METIIODS - All species of Willdenowia, excluding Willdenowia a.ffinis Pillans, were included in the study. - This species is known only from the type specimen collected on Table Mountain. - 2.1 Reproductive structures. Morphological data were collected from herbarium specimens. The youngest female - inflorescence was selected for dissection. Material was reconstituted and softened in boiling - soapy water, facilitating easier dissection, which was carried out under a compound microscope at lOX. To prevent dehydration while dissecting, material was placed in water - in a petri dish. Dissected parts of the female inflorescence were flattened on a microslide - which was coated with Prestik®, a pliable putty. This prevents the margins of bracts and tepals from becoming inrolled, which results in difficulty when inspecting dry material. - - 2.2 Stem anatomy. - Unblemished lengths of intemode culm were cut and boiled in soapy water until soft. Specimens were sectioned using a sledge microtome, cutting at a thickness of between 20 µm - and 30 µm. Sectioned material was stained in Safrinin-Alcian blue (Tolivia and Tolivia, - 1987), dehydrated through an alcohol run, and then placed in xylene. Sections were mounted in Canada fixative on microslides, which were placed on a heating tray overnight. Microslides were dried in an oven for three days. Material was viewed under a light microscope between 1OX and 200X. - - 4 2.3 Nuts. - Nuts were obtained from herbarium collections, and viewed under a dissecting microscope. - Material was boiled to reconstitute eliasome tissue. - 2.4 General. - Herbarium specimens were inspected for ecological information, including regeneration status and phenology. The ability to sprout after fire can easily be identified from herbarium - material, by the charred remains of pre-fire culm growth combined with new post-fire vegetative growth. Inferring phenology from herbarium material can be misleading. Male flowers are retained - on the plant for differential periods after flowering, up to a few months in some cases. - Willdenowia species also commonly retain stigmas until the nut is ripe, giving a false impression of recent flowering. An example of this includes Willdenowia rugosa; on closer - inspection, apparently young female inflorescences reveal fully developed seeds. If one is aware of these difficulties, however, valuable phenological data can be obtained from herbarium specimens. Other information such as habitat type and geographical distribution - were also obtained from herbarium material. A number of field trips were undertaken to acquire missing data relating to regeneration status and phenology. The distribution of species are given in fig. 1 - fig. 5. Species generally occur across a wide geographical range, with individual ranges overlapping considerably. - 2.5 Phylogeny. Morphological and anatomical characters were scored onto a matrix (see Appendix 1 [Table 5 - - - - D l(lDI lOO IIEIIH - O CE AN D ]Ot-lotll(IIU IND I AN ~ 1ot-120o ,mu (a) sou, 0 IO 100 llllJll(UU - D uo,1.12ot ,mu .. ,,. ... ... 11" 11' - - - - - CAP - ,. - \ D m011ot1111m O CE AN D lOMot 11(11(1 IND I AN e:::zl 100-1100 1111111 (b) 100 mo,rnn D uovt 1200 •Elm !CAI.Es 0 lO ... 11" Fig. 1. Distribution of (a) Willdenowia purpurea and (b) Willdenowia rugosa. 6 - - - - - D 1n111 ioo ,um - O CE AN E] lOO-lft 111111(1 IN O I AN fZ:3 IOt-1 !Vt II! IMS (a) i 100 (1~1111(11(1 D 111M 12tt 111111(1 scau, o IO - .. ,r ... ... ,r - - - - - c::J 1£11113" ll!IIH O CE AN D lOO-lftll!IIEI 1 NO I AN fZ:3 IOt-1 ltf 11! 11(1 0 1111'1( !lot IUl(I !ICILl1 I IO 100 lllllll(IIH .. ,r ... ,,. ,r - Fig. 2. Distribution of (a) Willdenowia hwnilis and (b) Wil/denowia sulcata. 7 - - - - - - - D 1n1111 lOl ll£ffll ocEAN D lOI-IOt IIIJH 1NDIAH rn:I IOt-1 !0t 11(11(1 (a) scau,1.. ______ _.,ot llLIIIIEl1H D uo,,i J2Mll(1l(I ,,. ,,. - a• ,r - - - - - - D in1111 ,.. 11(11(1 OCEAN - D lO... Nll(lll(I 1NOIAN rn:I IOt-1 !Ot II( 111(1 (b)' scau, , IO lot IILOIIElll(S D •- 110t 11(11(1 - .. ... ... ... ,,. ,r - Fig. 3. Distribution of (a) Willdenowia bolusii and (b) Willdenowia I stokoei 8 - - - 30• - u• - - u• ,.. ... (a) ...... - JI" II' ... 20' 22' 2,• Fig. 4 .. Distribution of (a) Willdenowia glomerata and (b) Willdenowia teres · - - - - , 21• - I JO' - ·- J2° J2' - 34• 34• (a) ... !' .. (b) '" ,. .... - 35• 11• ... 20• 22' 2,• JI' II' 11• 20• 22° 2,• - Fig. 5. Distribution of (a) Willdenowia arescens and (b) Willdenowia incurvata. - - 9 1] for a list and description of characters used). Character polarity was assessed using - outgroup comparison (Maddison et al., 1984, as cited by Linder and Vlok, 1991).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mapping the Distributions of Ancient Plant and Animal Lineages in Southern Africa
    Mapping the distributions of ancient plant and animal lineages in southern Africa Ashlyn Levadia Padayachee 209514118 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, In the school of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Science University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban November 2014 Supervisor: Prof. Şerban Procheş 2014 Preface: Declaration of plagiarism I hereby declare that this dissertation, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science, to the University of KwaZulu-Natal, is a result of my own research and investigation, which has not been previously submitted, by myself, for a degree at this or any other institution. I hereby declare that this work is my own, unaided work; appropriately referenced where others’ work has been used. ________________________ _________________________ Ashlyn Levadia Padayachee Date ________________________ __________________________ Prof. Şerban Procheş Date ii Acknowledgements: The success of this study would not have been possible without the help, guidance and direction given to me by the members of staff of the School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Science (University of KwaZulu-Natal), family and friends. I would like to acknowledge the following people: God Almighty for blessing me with the courage and determination to complete this project Prof. Şerban Procheş, my supervisor and the man with the brilliant ideas. Very sincere and heartfelt thanks for the motivation, guidance and direction throughout this project, for which without it, it would not have been accomplished. Thank you Prof, the ‘pep-talks’ which were much needed, especially towards the end. Dr. Sandun Perera, who in the absence of my supervisor, stepped into the role of ‘interim supervisor’.
    [Show full text]
  • Vicariance, Climate Change, Anatomy and Phylogeny of Restionaceae
    Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society (2000), 134: 159–177. With 12 figures doi:10.1006/bojl.2000.0368, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Under the microscope: plant anatomy and systematics. Edited by P. J. Rudall and P. Gasson Vicariance, climate change, anatomy and phylogeny of Restionaceae H. P. LINDER FLS Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa Cutler suggested almost 30 years ago that there was convergent evolution between African and Australian Restionaceae in the distinctive culm anatomical features of Restionaceae. This was based on his interpretation of the homologies of the anatomical features, and these are here tested against a ‘supertree’ phylogeny, based on three separate phylogenies. The first is based on morphology and includes all genera; the other two are based on molecular sequences from the chloroplast genome; one covers the African genera, and the other the Australian genera. This analysis corroborates Cutler’s interpretation of convergent evolution between African and Australian Restionaceae. However, it indicates that for the Australian genera, the evolutionary pathway of the culm anatomy is much more complex than originally thought. In the most likely scenario, the ancestral Restionaceae have protective cells derived from the chlorenchyma. These persist in African Restionaceae, but are soon lost in Australian Restionaceae. Pillar cells and sclerenchyma ribs evolve early in the diversification of Australian Restionaceae, but are secondarily lost numerous times. In some of the reduction cases, the result is a very simple culm anatomy, which Cutler had interpreted as a primitively simple culm type, while in other cases it appears as if the functions of the ribs and pillars may have been taken over by a new structure, protective cells developed from epidermal, rather than chlorenchyma, cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Rodents and Restios: Rodents and the Fates of Willdenowia Incurvata (Restionaceae) Seeds
    Rodents and Restios: Rodents and the fates of Willdenowia incurvata (Restionaceae) seeds by Benjamin Weighill Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Science in Zoology at Stellenbosch University Supervisor : Prof. Bruce Anderson Co- supervisor : Prof. Theresa Wossler Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch Univeristy Private Bag X1 Matieland 7600 March 2017 1 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. This study forms part of a larger study on rodent assisted seed dispersal in the fynbos which was initiated by Professor Bruce Anderson. The seed tagging method has been used previously by Bruce Anderson and his former student Ursina Rusch. The rest of the study was designed and executed by myself unless otherwise stated. The chapters in this thesis have been prepared for publication, therefore some duplication is unavoidable. Chapter 2: entitled “The nightshift: Seed dispersal and consumption differences by rodents before and after dark” has been submitted and accepted for publishing in the South African Journal of Botany and is included in this thesis with only minor edits. Benjamin Weighill March 2017 Copyright © 2017 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved 2 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract The biodiversity hotspot of the fynbos offers a “natural laboratory” to study species diversification, particularly in flowering plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Predation and Potential Dispersal of Ceratocaryum Argenteum (Restionaceae) Nuts by the Striped Mouse (Rhabdomys Pumilio) University
    University of Cape Town Faculty of Science Department of Biological Sciences Thesis Town Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Honours (BiologicalCape Sciences) 2013of Seed predation and potential dispersal of Ceratocaryum argenteum (Restionaceae) nuts by the striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) University Joseph Douglas Mandla White Supervisors: Dr. Gary Bronner (Biological Sciences, UCT) and Prof. Jeremy Midgley (Biological Sciences, UCT) 1 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University PLAGIARISM DECLARATION 1. I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and pretend that it is my own. 2. Each contribution to, and quotation in this research report from the work(s) of other people has been contributed, and has been cited and referenced. 3. This research report is my own work and has not previously in its entirety or in part been submitted at any other university for another degree. 4. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work. Town Signature: Cape of Date: University 2 ABSTRACT This study aimed to better understand the role of rodents as seed predators and dispersers in the fynbos biome at De Hoop Nature Reserve, South Africa in May and June, 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of a Fire Response Trait on Diversification in Replicated Radiations
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1111/evo.12273 EFFECTS OF A FIRE RESPONSE TRAIT ON DIVERSIFICATION IN REPLICATED RADIATIONS Glenn Litsios,1,2 Rafael O. Wuest,¨ 3 Anna Kostikova,1,2 Felix´ Forest,4 Christian Lexer,5 H. Peter Linder,6 Peter B. Pearman,3 Niklaus E. Zimmermann,3 and Nicolas Salamin1,2,7 1Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 2Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 3Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland 4Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, United Kingdom 5Unit of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee´ 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland 6Insitute for Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland 7E-mail: [email protected] Received May 14, 2013 Accepted September 9, 2013 Fire has been proposed as a factor explaining the exceptional plant species richness found in Mediterranean regions. A fire response trait that allows plants to cope with frequent fire by either reseeding or resprouting could differentially affect rates of species diversification. However, little is known about the generality of the effects of differing fire response on species evolution. We study this question in the Restionaceae, a family that radiated in Southern Africa and Australia. These radiations occurred independently and represent evolutionary replicates. We apply Bayesian approaches to estimate trait-specific diversification rates and patterns of climatic niche evolution. We also compare the climatic heterogeneity of South Africa and Australia. Reseeders diversify faster than resprouters in South Africa, but not in Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phytosociological Study of the Cape Fynbos and Other Vegetation at Jonkershoek, Stellenbosch by M
    Bothalia, 10, 4: 599-614 A Phytosociological Study of the Cape Fynbos and other Vegetation at Jonkershoek, Stellenbosch by M. J. A. Werger,* F. J. Krugerf and H. C. Taylor J A b s t r a c t The Braun-Blanquet phytosociological method was tested in the complex Fynbos vegetation of the South-western Cape Region of South Africa. In the Swartboschkloof Nature Reserve, Jonkers- hoek, the Fynbos, riverine scrub and forest vegetation was classified preliminarily into eight com­ munities, which are described floristically and related to habitat. The results hold promise, and the possibilities of classifying the Cape Fynbos in a formal phytosociological system are discussed. I ntroduction The Braun-Blanquet phytosociological method commonly used in Europe has remained relatively unknown in Southern Africa. Possible reasons for this are language difficulties, the need for more general, rather than more detailed information on the vegetation, and the general non-acceptance of the method by English and American plant ecologists. For many years the only source of information in the English-speaking world was Fuller & Conard’s (1932) authorised translation of Braun-Blanquet’s first edition of Pflanzensoziologie (1928), a work that omitted certain important details of the phytosociological technique. More detailed German works of the phytosociological school were largely inaccessible (for example Ellenberg, 1956; Braun-Blanquet, 1951. 1964). In recent years an English evaluation of the method was given by Poore (1955, 1956), although his main criticisms were shown by Moore (1962) to be largely unfounded. Becking (1957) reviewed the phytosociological school and its concepts, and Kiichler (1967) translated the tabulation techniques from Ellenberg (1956).1 Originally, nearly all vegetation surveys undertaken in Southern Africa were on a physiognomic or on a non-formal descriptive basis, with the exception of Acocks (1953) who used his own floristic technique to construct a system of veld types.
    [Show full text]
  • A Checklist of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of Swartboschkloof, Jonkershoek, Cape Province
    Bothalia 18,2: 261-270 (1988) A checklist of the flowering plants and ferns of Swartboschkloof, Jonkershoek, Cape Province D.J. McDONALD* and M. MORLEY* Keywords: checklist, ferns, flowering plants, Swartboschkloof ABSTRACT A list of Dowering plants and ferns of Swartboschkloof is presented. This list represents a combination of species recorded in Van der Merwe (1966), Werger, Kruger & Taylor (1972), McDonald (1983, 1985) and specimens collected from Swartboschkloof housed in the Government Herbarium, Stellenbosch (STE) and the Wicht Herba­ rium, Jonkershoek (JI ). The checklist is analysed and the flora of Swartboschkloof compared with the respective floras of Cape Hangklip and Cape Point (sensu Taylor 1985). UITTREKSEL ’n Lysvan blomplante en varings van Swartboschkloof word verskaf. Hierdie lys verteenwoordig ’n kombinasie van spesies aangeteken in Van der Merwe (1966), Werger, Kruger & Taylor (1972), McDonald (1983, 1985) en eksemplare wat in Swartboschkloof versamel is en in die Staatsherbaiium, Stellenbosch (STE) en die W'icht- herbarium, Jonkershoek (JF) gehuisves word. Die kontrolelys word ontleed en die flora van Swartboschkloof word met die onderskeie floras van Kaap Hangklip en Kaappunt (sensu Taylor 1985) vergelyk. INTRODUCTION made of species names with their respective collectors’ names and numbers for future inclusion in a master list. Checklists, although cumbersome to publish, have proved valuable to workers involved in vegetation research The checklist presented here is based 1, on the collec­ as well as to phytogeographers in their attempts to deter­ tions made by the senior author; 2, on collections made by mine the relationships within and between different Van der Merwe (1966); 3, on species contained in the floras (Kruger & Taylor 1979; Taylor 1979).
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Philodendron (Araceae)
    Willdenowia 42 – 2012 1 JOSEF BOGNER1* & THOMAS B. CROAT2 A new species of Philodendron (Araceae) Abstract Bogner J. & Croat T. B.: A new species of Philodendron (Araceae). – Willdenowia 42: 000 – 000. December 2012. – ISSN 0511-9618; © 2012 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. Stable URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.42.42200 Philodendron geniculatum is described as a species new to science and illustrated. This species has been in cultiva- tion for decades in the USA, Europe and Asia (Taiwan), but has not flowered until recently. It is characterised by a conspicuous geniculum on the apex of the subterete petiole, by an elliptic leaf blade with a thick, whitish midrib, many parallel primary lateral veins on each side, an auriculate base and a cuspidate apex, as well as by persistent red cataphylls drying brown soon and becoming fibrous later. P. geniculatum has a single inflorescence with a striking spathe, outside burgundy-red in the lower part and intensively red in the upper part. The species is morphologically closest and probably related to P. scherberichii, from which we delimit it. Additional key words: aroids, Philodendron geniculatum, Philodendron scherberichii, taxonomy, botanical garden, Colombia Introduction Rhodospatha because of the parallel-pinnate venation and the presence of a conspicuous geniculum, which are This new Philodendron species flowered in April 2012 typical characters of this genus but rare in Philodendron in cultivation in the Botanischer Garten München-Nym- (Fig. 1A). For us, it was always clear that this species was phenburg for the first time after decades of thriving in veg- a true Philodendron and not a Rhodospatha, but the lat- etative condition.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dispersal Paradox: Can Lowland Granivorous Mice Also
    BOLUS LIBRARY C24 0007 9312 1111 111 I 111 I The Dispersal Paradox: Can lowland granivorous mice also disperse the seeds they devour? I University of Cape Town Fig 1: Tatera afra wrestling the flesh from a Chrysanthemoides monilifera seed. I Ecology Honours Project I By David Gwynne-Evans (GWYDAV001) Supervisor : J. Midgley 2003 I The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town Contents Abstract ..... .................................................................................. 3 Introduction................................................................................... 4 Questions and hypothesis 8 Materials and Methods..................................................................... 9 Results ... ... ..... .............................................................................. 15 Discussion..................................................................................... 25 Hoa rd ing Pred ation Selective pressures on seeds Conservation.............................. ................................................... 33 Conclusion .... ... ............................................................................. 34 Endnote.......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • New Species of African Restionaceae
    450 S.-Afr.Tydskr. Plantk., 1990, 56(4): 450-457 New species of African Restionaceae H.P. Linder Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700 Republic of South Africa Accepted 17 April 1990 Six new species of African Restionaceae are described from the southern and western Cape Province of South Africa: Thamnochortus karooica Linder, T. amoena Linder, Cannomois tay/orii Linder, Ca/opsis sparsa Esterhuysen, Anthochortus singu/aris Esterhuysen and /schyro/epis saxati/is Esterhuysen. Where relevant, anatomical information on the new species is given and brief comments on the distribution and ecology are made. Ses nuwe spesies van Afrikaanse Restionaceae afkomstig van die suidelike en westelike Kaapprovinsie van Suid-Afrika word beskryf: Thamnochortus karooica Linder, T. amoena Linder, Cannomois tay/orii Linder, Ca/opsis sparsa Esterhuysen, Anthochortus singu/aris Esterhuysen en /schyro/epis saxati/is Esterhuysen. Waar toepaslik, is anatomiese inligting in verband met die nuwe spesies verskaf en word die verspreiding en ekologie kortliks bespreek. Keywords: Africa, anatomy, morphology, Restionaceae Introduction long and 4-5.5 mm wide; outer lateral tepa Is obtuse, Since the publication of the Conspectus of African apiculate, the body 1 mm deep and the hyaline wing Restionaceae (Linder 1985) additional material of some 1-1.5 mm wide, decurrent on the pedicel; other tepals poorly known species has been collected and several new more or less equal, as tall as the outer lateral tepals, species have been found. This paper provides formal obtuse and subhyaline; ovary unilocular, with a single descriptions of these new species. Ms E.E. Esterhuysen ovule; style solitary, plumose.
    [Show full text]
  • Tr Aditions and Perspec Tives Plant Anatomy
    МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМЕНИ М.В. ЛОМОНОСОВА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ФАКУЛЬТЕТ PLANT ANATOMY: TRADITIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Международный симпозиум, АНАТОМИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ: посвященный 90-летию профессора PLANT ANATOMY: TRADITIONS AND PERSPECTIVES AND TRADITIONS ANATOMY: PLANT ТРАДИЦИИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ Людмилы Ивановны Лотовой 1 ЧАСТЬ 1 московский госУдАрствеННый УНиверситет имени м. в. ломоНосовА Биологический факультет АНАТОМИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ: ТРАДИЦИИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ Ìàòåðèàëû Ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñèìïîçèóìà, ïîñâÿùåííîãî 90-ëåòèþ ïðîôåññîðà ËÞÄÌÈËÛ ÈÂÀÍÎÂÍÛ ËÎÒÎÂÎÉ 16–22 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2019 ã.  двуõ ÷àñòÿõ ×àñòü 1 МАТЕРИАЛЫ НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ PLANT ANATOMY: ТRADITIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Materials of the International Symposium dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Prof. LUDMILA IVANOVNA LOTOVA September 16–22, Moscow In two parts Part 1 CONTRIBUTIONS IN ENGLISH москва – 2019 Удк 58 DOI 10.29003/m664.conf-lotova2019_part1 ББк 28.56 A64 Издание осуществлено при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований по проекту 19-04-20097 Анатомия растений: традиции и перспективы. материалы международного A64 симпозиума, посвященного 90-летию профессора людмилы ивановны лотовой. 16–22 сентября 2019 г. в двух частях. – москва : мАкс пресс, 2019. ISBN 978-5-317-06198-2 Чaсть 1. материалы на английском языке / ред.: А. к. тимонин, д. д. соколов. – 308 с. ISBN 978-5-317-06174-6 Удк 58 ББк 28.56 Plant anatomy: traditions and perspectives. Materials of the International Symposium dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Prof. Ludmila Ivanovna Lotova. September 16–22, 2019. In two parts. – Moscow : MAKS Press, 2019. ISBN 978-5-317-06198-2 Part 1. Contributions in English / Ed. by A. C. Timonin, D. D. Sokoloff. – 308 p. ISBN 978-5-317-06174-6 Издание доступно на ресурсе E-library ISBN 978-5-317-06198-2 © Авторы статей, 2019 ISBN 978-5-317-06174-6 (Часть 1) © Биологический факультет мгУ имени м.
    [Show full text]
  • Ceratocaryum Pulchrum, a New Restioid from the Bredasdorp Plains
    222 S. -Afr.Tydskr.Plantk. 1995,61(4): 222 - 225 Ceratocaryum pulchrum, a new restioid from the Bredasdorp plains H.P. Linder Bolus Herbarium. University of Cape Town, Rondebosch. 7700 Republic of South Africa Rece ll'ed 29 November 1994; re\'lsed J May 1995 Ceratocaryum pulchrum Under, a new species of Restionaceae from the Western Cape region, is described. It is syntopic with C. argenteum, and a phylogenetic analysis of the genus is performed to show that G argenteum is the sister-species of the new C. pUlchrum. The analysis shows that In the other major clade in the genus the species do not co-occur, but are separated on altitudinal and climatic gradients. Although the mode of speciation of C. pulchrum is obscure, the coexistence of C. pulchrum and its sister C. argenteum may be mediated by different flowering times and different fire-survival modes. Ceratocaryum pulchrum linder, 'n nuwe spesie in die Reslionaceae van die Wes·Kaap Provin sie, word beskryl. Oil word in dieselfde habitat as C. argenteum aangetref, en 'n filogeneliese analise van die genus is gedoen, wat toon dat C. argenteum die susterspesie van the nuwe C. pulchrum is. Die analise wys dat in the ander hoofklade van die genus die spesie nie sa am voorkom nie, maar dat hulle op hoe en klimatiese gradienle verskil. Hoewel die spesiasie-metode van C. pulchrum nie duideJik is nie, kan die samevoorkoms van C. pulchrum en sy susterspesie C. argenteum verduidelik word deur verskiUende blomtye, en onderskeie brand-oorlewensmetodes. Keywords: Ceratocaryum. phylogeny, Restionaceae, speciation . Introduction .Hml cu lmis solidis, a C argenceum culmis brevis, ab ambo bus spiculis solitaris recedit.
    [Show full text]