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Investigation of the Effectiveness of Teucrium Orientale L. Plant in Hemorrhoid Treatment

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Investigation of the Effectiveness of Teucrium Orientale L. Plant in Hemorrhoid Treatment Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 6(3): 326-332, 2018 Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology Available online, ISSN: 2148-127X www.agrifoodscience.com, Turkish Science and Technology Investigation of The Effectiveness of Teucrium Orientale L. Plant in Hemorrhoid Treatment Nuray Emin1, Kıymet Nural2, Ayşegül Güzel3 1Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37200 Kastamonu, Turkey 2Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37200 Kastamonu, Turkey 3Institu of Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Plant Resources, Kastamonu University, 37200 Kastamonu, Turkey A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Hemorrhoids are swollen vascular vein pads in the upper part of the anal canal. The Research Article deformations in these tissues cause serious disturbances, and most important one is hemorrhoid, which is a symptomatic degenerative disease. Due to various etiologic Received 21 November 2017 factors, weakening and disintegration of connective tissue cause this disease. Many Accepted 25 December 2017 methods have been developed in the treatment of hemorrhoids from the past to the present day, and drug therapy is used as primary care. However, surgical treatment Keywords: methods are applied in advanced stages in which the disease can not be treated with Teucrium orientale L. medication and when there is a life-threatening risk. As alternative medicine applications, Haemorrhoids herbal remedies have been used in hemorrhoid treatment for centuries. Prepared herbal Plant extract mixtures or extracts are still frequently preferred by the patients today. In this context, in Beyköy the research we have carried out in Beyköy village of Havza district; Teucrium orientale Herbal remedies L. are used by regional people in the treatment of hemorrhoids and it was detected that the awareness of this herbal treatment is limited. In this study, the efficacy of T. orientale *Corresponding Author: L. plant in hemorrhoid treatment was evaluated by conducting a questionnaire survey on E-mail: [email protected] the patients using plant extract. Of the approximately 500 patients using plant extracts, 89 agreed to fill out the questionnaire. Due to the results of the survey, it was found that all of the patients using the extract of T. orientale L. plant are healed partly or completely, and the benefit from the extract changed according to the patient's age and the stage of the disease. There has been no study on the use of this plant in the treatment of hemorrhoids in literature, and it is the first study to be done in this respect. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i3.326-332.1705 Introduction Hemorrhoids are normal anatomic structures found in etiologic factors cause the hemorrhoid tissue to work in the anal canal (Brozovich, 2007). These structures are the direction of stretching and slipping, causing the vascular tissue pads which are quite rich the muscle layer, anatomical structures to weaken. As a result, the blood vessels, and submucosal layer (Kann and Whitlow, hemorrhoidal tissue becomes saggy and susceptible to 2004; Acheson and Scholefield, 2003). Hemorrhoidal injury over time (Acheson and Scholefield, 2003; cushions are supported by connective tissue and provide Cirocco, 2007; Alabaz, 2007). to control of urination and easy passage of the fecal. In classifying hemorrhoidal disease, the dentate line (Cirocco, 2007; Gearhart, 2004). functions as the histological boundary. The external Hemorrhoidal disease is a symptomatic, degenerative hemorrhoids are located under the dentate line, and this disease that is usually not acute, with emerges in the area is also covered by the modified squamous history references that illuminate many ancient years epithelium. For this reason, it is quite rich in terms of (Thomson et. al., 2007). Investigations have shown that somatic pain fibers. Internal hemorrhoids are located on weakening connective tissue supporting hemorrhoids the dentate line and this region is covered with mucosa move downwards-in hemorrhoids and cause other (Kaidar-Person et al., 2007). Internal hemorrhoids are symptoms such as bleeding (Cirocco, 2007). It is thought classified by their location in the anal canal. This that this weakening of the connective tissue supporting classification is given below. hemorrhoids is due to constipation, diarrhea, pregnancy, First-Stage hemorrhoids: It does not form prolapse, prolonged standing, prolonged sitting, eating habits, but its symptoms include discomfort and painless inheritance, age, inflammatory diseases, alcohol, heart bleeding. failure, cirrhosis and intraabdominal tumors. All of these Emin et al., / Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 6(3): 326-332, 2018 Second-Stage hemorrhoids: The hemorrhoidal tissue It has been learned that this plant has been collected sags during defecation but can return to its former together with its roots after flowering in June-July, and position at the end of defecation. Bleeding and perianal then dried and stored. Dried and fresh plant samples were discharge are common symptoms. collected for the analyses. In the research carried out in Third-Stage hemorrhoids: Hemorrhoidal tissue is the Biology Department Herbarium of Gazi University sagging out of the anal canal. Bleeding, discharge and Faculty of Science and Literature, it was detected that this itching are common symptoms. plant was Teucrium orientale L. var. orientale L. Forth-Stage hemorrhoids: Hemorrhoidal tissue sags T. orientale L. is the subtype of the Teucrium genus of from the anal canal and does not return to its original the Lamiaceae family. In some regions of Anatolia, it is position. Bleeding, discharge, pain, fecal contamination called "Kirve otu", but in some regions this name uses for and pruritus are among the common symptoms (Kann and other sub species. It spreads in dry and arid places in Whitlow, 2004; Kaidar-Person et al., 2007; Osmanoglu Anatolia. It is a perennial herbaceous plant. Flowering and Ünalp, 2007). time is between June and September. It is usually grown The hemorrhoidal disease manifestation is due to the in sparse oak, pinus forests, meadows and rocky slopes. It loss of support of the hemorrhoidal cushions, resulting in is not an endemic species and is distributed at an elevation weakening of the tissues supporting the anorectal of 600-2150 m. Overall distribution is in Çankırı, component, which is caused by accumulation of blood Amasya, Ankara, Erzurum, Eskişehir, Gümüşhane, circulation obstruction. Rectal bleeding, pain, prolapse, Isparta, Konya, Manisa, Muş, Niğde, Sivas, Van in oedema, thrombosis, perianal discharge and itching are Turkey, although it is Caucasia, Iran, Syria and Lebanon among the symptoms of hemorrhoid disease (Brozovich (Çakır et al, 2006; Url 1). and Read, 2007; Şen, 2007; Popowichte and Orkin, 2013; Teucrium species in Turkish folk medicine are still Sack, 2003). used today due to their different pharmacological In the treatment of hemorrhoid disease, there are properties such as antipyretic, antimicrobial, anti- different treatment modalities from herbal therapy to inflammatory, anti-ulcerative, antitumor and insecticide surgical treatment (Kann and Whitlow, 2004; (Bağcı et al, 2010). In the ethnopharmacological studies Warusavitarne and Philllips, 2007; Ganz, 2013; Moult et conducted, it is seen that 8 taxa belonging to Teucrium 4 al, 2015). Patients are generally embarrassed by the species were used in the treatment of hemorrhoid disease situation they are in and are afraid to go to the doctor among the population. Among these plants, which are accordingly. In this case, the patients tend to alternative used in public and encountered in ethnopharmocological treatment and they prefer the herbal treatment methods researches; Teucrium chamaedrys L., T. chamaedrys L. frequently (Ahad et al, 2010). Hemorrhoid treatment subsp. chamaedrys, T. chamaedrys L. subsp lydium O usually uses drugs such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, Schwarz, T. chamaedrys L. subsp tauricolum Rech.f. T. wound healing, and many plants with similar effects flavum L. subsp hellenicum Rech.f., T. parviflorum appear to be used as medicines among the folk (Gürhan Schreb, T. polium L. (Sevgi and Kızılarslan, 2013; and Ezer, 2004). Özdemir and Alpınar, 2015). Plants produce a number of chemical substances T. chamaedrys L. flowering plant has 5 taxa known to known as secondary metabolites and many secondary be used in the treatment of hemorrhoids. The main roots metabolites are used by humans as healing agents in the and trunk of the T. chamaedrys L., one of the most treatment of hemorrhoids (Altundag and Öztürk, 2011). common and most researched species, are boiled by Local people are preparing medicines using wild plants in drying and the plant extract obtained is prepared and simple ways to obtain these secondary metabolites. consumed in a manner similar to that of the T. orientale L. Preparation methods include raw use, boiling, mashed, (Gürhan and Ezer 2004; Özdemir and Alpınar, 2015; molasses, and drying. Among the methods of use, oral Koca et al, 2017). It has been reported that the extract of consumption and non-oral use methods are observed. T. polium L. subtilis contains diterpenoids, 5-7- Frequently used in these preparation methods are water glycosides, thymols, carvacrols and volatile essences and boiling, infusion and dried fruit pulp formation (Güneş et has antimicrobial,
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