DOCSLIB.ORG

Phytochemical Studies on the Polar Fractions of Plants Belonging to The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phytochemical Studies on the Polar Fractions of Plants Belonging to The Department of Environmental Biology PhD in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology XXX cycle - Curriculum Botany Phytochemical studies on the polar fractions of plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family with aspects of chemotaxonomy, ethno-pharmacology, nutraceutics and phytochemical evolution PhD student: Dr. Claudio Frezza Student identification number: 1172494 Supervisor: Prof. Mauro Serafini Co-Supervisor: Prof. Armandodoriano Bianco Academic year 2016/2017 1 “Nature is not a place to visit. It is home.” Gary Snyder 2 Index Front page 1 Literature citation 2 Index 3 1. Introduction 6 1.1. Lamiaceae 6 1.1.1. General 6 1.1.2. Botany 6 1.1.3. Phytochemistry 9 1.1.4. Chemotaxonomy 13 1.1.5. Ethno-pharmacology 14 1.1.6. Nutraceutics 15 1.1.7. Phylogeny 16 1.2. Studied sub-families and species 17 1.2.1. General 17 1.2.2. Ajugoideae and Lamioideae 17 1.2.3. List of studied species 19 1.2.4. Botanical characteristics of the studied species 20 1.2.4.1. Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. 20 1.2.4.2. Ajuga genevensis L. 20 1.2.4.3. Ajuga reptans L. 21 1.2.4.4. Ajuga tenorei C. Presl - leaves 22 1.2.4.5. Galeopsis ladanum subsp. angustifolia (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Gaudin 23 1.2.4.6. Melittis melissophyllum subsp. albida (Guss.) P.W. Ball 24 1.2.4.7. Melittis melissophyllum L. subsp. melissophyllum 24 1.2.4.8. Sideritis montana L. subsp. montana 25 1.2.4.9. Sideritis romana L. 25 1.2.4.10. Stachys affinis Bunge 26 1.2.4.11. Stachys alopecuros (L.) Benth. subsp. divulsa (Ten.) Grande 27 1.2.4.12. Stachys annua L. 27 1.2.4.13. Stachys germanica subsp. salviifolia L. (Ten.) Gams. 28 1.2.4.14. Stachys palustris L. 29 1.2.4.15. Teucrium chamaedrys L. 30 1.2.4.16. Teucrium polium L. 30 1.2.5. Phytochemistry of Ajugoideae and Lamioideae and related studied 31 genera and species 1.2.6. Chemotaxonomy of Ajugoideae and Lamioideae and related studied 36 genera and species 1.2.7. Ethno-pharmacology of Ajugoideae and Lamioideae and related 37 studied genera and species 1.2.8. Nutraceutics of Ajugoideae and Lamioideae and related studied 40 genera and species 1.2.9. Phylogeny of Ajugoideae and Lamioideae and related studied 41 genera and species 2. Aims and objectives 43 3. Results and discussion 44 3.1. General 44 3.2. Phytochemistry 44 3.2.1. Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. - aerial parts 44 3 3.2.2. Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. - roots 46 3.2.3. Ajuga genevensis L. 47 3.2.4. Ajuga reptans L. 48 3.2.5. Ajuga tenorei C. Presl 49 3.2.6. Galeopsis ladanum subsp. angustifolia (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Gaudin 50 3.2.7. Melittis melissophyllum subsp. albida (Guss.) P.W. Ball 51 3.2.8. Melittis melissophyllum L. subsp. melissophyllum 52 3.2.9. Sideritis montana L. subsp. montana 52 3.2.10. Sideritis romana L. 53 3.2.11. Stachys affinis Bunge - rhizomes 55 3.2.12. Stachys alopecuros (L.) Benth. subsp. divulsa (Ten.) Grande 56 3.2.13. Stachys annua L. 56 3.2.14. Stachys germanica subsp. salviifolia L. 57 3.2.15. Stachys palustris L. - Hungary 58 3.2.16. Stachys palustris L. - France 59 3.2.17. Teucrium chamaedrys L. 60 3.2.18. Teucrium polium L. - Northern Iran 61 3.2.19. Teucrium polium L. - Southern Iran 64 3.3. Chemotaxonomy 65 3.4. Ethno-pharmacology 72 3.5. Nutraceutics 79 3.6. Phytochemical evolution 82 4. Conclusions 97 5. Experimental 100 5.1. Plant materials 100 5.2. Chemicals 102 5.3. Instrumentation 102 5.4. Methodology 103 5.4.1. Extraction of metabolites 103 5.4.2. Separation of metabolites 104 5.4.2.1. Column Chromatography 104 5.4.2.2. Preparation of acidic silica gel 105 5.4.2.3. HPLC 106 5.4.3. Active charcoal treatment 107 5.4.4. Identification of metabolites 109 5.4.4.1. NMR Spectroscopy 109 5.4.4.2. Mass Spectrometry 111 5.4.5. Preparation of the samples 115 5.4.5.1. For Column Chromatography 115 5.4.5.2. For HPLC analysis 116 5.4.5.3. For NMR analysis 117 5.4.5.4. For MS analysis 118 5.5. Supplementary Material 118 5.5.1. Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. - aerial parts 119 5.5.2. Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. - roots 124 5.5.3. Ajuga genevensis L. 128 5.5.4. Ajuga reptans L. 134 5.5.5. Ajuga tenorei C. Presl - leaves 145 5.5.6. Galeopsis ladanum subsp. angustifolia (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Gaudin 148 5.5.7. Melittis melissophyllum subsp. albida (Guss.) P.W. Ball 152 4 5.5.8. Melittis melissophyllum L. subsp. melissophyllum 157 5.5.9. Sideritis montana L. subsp. montana 163 5.5.10. Sideritis romana L. 169 5.5.11. Stachys affinis Bunge - rhizomes 177 5.5.12. Stachys alopecuros (L.) Benth. subsp. divulsa (Ten.) Grande 180 5.5.13. Stachys annua L. 185 5.5.14. Stachys germanica subsp. salviifolia L. (Ten.) Gams. 188 5.5.15. Stachys palustris L. - Hungary 191 5.5.16. Stachys palustris L. - France 193 5.5.17. Teucrium chamaedrys L. 193 5.5.18. Teucrium polium L. - Northern Iran 198 5.5.19. Teucrium polium L. - Southern Iran 207 6. References 217 Acknowledgements and thanks 242 5 1. Introduction 1.1. Lamiaceae 1.1.1. General Lamiaceae or Labiatae is a family of plants comprised in the Lamiales order, in the Euasterids I clade of the Asterids class, in the Eudicots type of the Angiosperms group, in the Magnoliophyta division of the Spermatophyta superdivision (Pignatti, 1982). The first citation of this family is dated back to the Latin writer and naturalist Gaius Pliny Secundus who also indicated the etymology of this word deriving from its most typical genus Lamium and descending from the greek term “λάιμος” (Laimos) meaning “jaws” and referring to the fact that the flowers of this plants are able to swallow small insects after they enter the corolla searching for its nectar. Actually, the scientific name was coined in 1789 by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in one of his works entitled "Genera Plantarum - 110" where he used for the first time the word Labiatae (De Jussieu, 1789). In 1820, this name was changed into Lamiaceae by the Russian botanist Ivan Ivanovic Martinov in his work "Tekhno-Botanicheskii Slovar': na latinskom i rossiiskom i-azykakh. Sanktpeterburgie - 355" and nowadays both names are generally accepted even if Lamiaceae is considered to be more correct (Martinov, 1820). 1.1.2. Botany From the botanical standpoint, species belonging to this family are characterized by an annual or perennial carriage (Figure 1). The main biological forms are emicryptophyte and therophyte even though chamaephyte, nanofanerophyte, bushy, arboreal and shrubby species are also present. The indumentum has a simple pubescence with glandular and non-glandular trichomes. The stem is principally with a quadrangular section due to the presence of big bundles of collenchyma at its four vertices. No spines are present (Conti et al., 2005; Pignatti, 1982). 6 Figure 1: Example of the family carriage: Scutellaria altissima L. The leaves are opposite and decussate or verticillated along the stem. They can be sessile or petiolate with a very variable shape ranging from lanceolate to ovate with entire or dentate margins (Figure 2) (Conti et al., 2005; Pignatti, 1982). Figure 2: Example of the family leaves: Collinsonia canadensis L. The flowers are hermaphrodite and zygomorphous or actinomorphic. They are tetramers or pentamers and generally collected in verticillasters. Each of them is constituted by many flowers (from 2 to 20) and is located circularly on two big leafy bracts which present an alternate disposition. These bracts are subulate or spinose and are densely colored. Bracteoles may be present, too. The floreal formula is X, K (5), [C (2+3), A 2+2] G (2), (superior), drupe, four nuculae. The calyx is gamosepalous and more or less actinomorphic. It is constituted by five equal straight lobes which can be lanceolate or triangular. The tube of the calex has about 10 superficial venations. 7 The corolla is gamopetalous and zygomorphous with the shape of a dilated pipe in the distal part ending with two lips having five lobes. The upper one is short and presents a hood shape and generally an entire margin. The lower one is flattened and is formed by three lobes with the central one bigger then the other two. Sometimes, it is fully pubescent. Its colors are very variable. The androecium is formed by four fertile didinamous stamens included or protruding form the corolla and located under the lower lip. The anthers are close, paired and pubescent. The ovary is superior and formed by two sealed carpels. The placentation is axyle. There are four ovules with tegument and kernel. The stylus is inserted into the base of the ovary. The stigma is bifid with equal lobes (Figure 3) (Conti et al., 2005; Pignatti, 1982). Figure 3: Example of the family inflorescence: Amasonia campestris (Aubl.) Moldenke The fruit is a schizocarp composed by four dry and fleshy nuculae. These are also rounding at the apex. The surface is smooth, glabrous or pubescent or tuberculate. The fruit is able to release semen without endosperm with extreme readiness (Figure 4) (Conti et al., 2005; Pignatti, 1982). Figure 4: Example of the family fruit: Callicarpa japonica Thunb. 8 In general, Lamiaceae can be found everywhere all over the planet even if some species are endemic (Figure 5).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Review of Pharmacological Properties, Phytochemistry and Medicinal Uses of Volkameria Glabra
    264 Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences, 2020, 10, 264-273 Review of Pharmacological Properties, Phytochemistry and Medicinal uses of Volkameria glabra Alfred Maroyi* Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa Abstract: Volkameria glabra (E. Mey.) Mabb. & Y.W. Yuan is a deciduous shrub or a small tree widely used as traditional medicine throughout its distributional range in tropical Africa. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of pharmacological properties, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of V. glabra. Documented information on pharmacological properties, phytochemistry and medicinal uses of V. glabra was collected from several online sources such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles and scientific publications obtained from the university library. This study revealed that the bark, leaf and root infusion and/or decoction of V. glabra are mainly used as immune booster, protective charm, anthelmintic and ethnoveterinary medicine, and traditional medicine for convulsions, fractured bones, fever, wounds, gastro-intestinal problems, snake bite and respiratory diseases. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include aliphatic glycosides, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, iridoid, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins and triterpenoids. The V. glabra and compounds isolated from the species exhibited acaricidal, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antimycobacterial,
    [Show full text]
  • Well-Known Plants in Each Angiosperm Order
    Well-known plants in each angiosperm order This list is generally from least evolved (most ancient) to most evolved (most modern). (I’m not sure if this applies for Eudicots; I’m listing them in the same order as APG II.) The first few plants are mostly primitive pond and aquarium plants. Next is Illicium (anise tree) from Austrobaileyales, then the magnoliids (Canellales thru Piperales), then monocots (Acorales through Zingiberales), and finally eudicots (Buxales through Dipsacales). The plants before the eudicots in this list are considered basal angiosperms. This list focuses only on angiosperms and does not look at earlier plants such as mosses, ferns, and conifers. Basal angiosperms – mostly aquatic plants Unplaced in order, placed in Amborellaceae family • Amborella trichopoda – one of the most ancient flowering plants Unplaced in order, placed in Nymphaeaceae family • Water lily • Cabomba (fanwort) • Brasenia (watershield) Ceratophyllales • Hornwort Austrobaileyales • Illicium (anise tree, star anise) Basal angiosperms - magnoliids Canellales • Drimys (winter's bark) • Tasmanian pepper Laurales • Bay laurel • Cinnamon • Avocado • Sassafras • Camphor tree • Calycanthus (sweetshrub, spicebush) • Lindera (spicebush, Benjamin bush) Magnoliales • Custard-apple • Pawpaw • guanábana (soursop) • Sugar-apple or sweetsop • Cherimoya • Magnolia • Tuliptree • Michelia • Nutmeg • Clove Piperales • Black pepper • Kava • Lizard’s tail • Aristolochia (birthwort, pipevine, Dutchman's pipe) • Asarum (wild ginger) Basal angiosperms - monocots Acorales
    [Show full text]
  • A New Application for Phylogenetic Marker Development Using Angiosperm Transcriptomes Author(S): Srikar Chamala, Nicolás García, Grant T
    MarkerMiner 1.0: A New Application for Phylogenetic Marker Development Using Angiosperm Transcriptomes Author(s): Srikar Chamala, Nicolás García, Grant T. Godden, Vivek Krishnakumar, Ingrid E. Jordon- Thaden, Riet De Smet, W. Brad Barbazuk, Douglas E. Soltis, and Pamela S. Soltis Source: Applications in Plant Sciences, 3(4) Published By: Botanical Society of America DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/apps.1400115 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3732/apps.1400115 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. ApApplicatitionsons Applications in Plant Sciences 2015 3 ( 4 ): 1400115 inin PlPlant ScienSciencesces S OFTWARE NOTE M ARKERMINER 1.0: A NEW APPLICATION FOR PHYLOGENETIC 1 MARKER DEVELOPMENT USING ANGIOSPERM TRANSCRIPTOMES S RIKAR C HAMALA 2,12 , N ICOLÁS G ARCÍA 2,3,4 * , GRANT T . G ODDEN 2,3,5 * , V IVEK K RISHNAKUMAR 6 , I NGRID E.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Or Suitable Plants City of Mccall
    Native or Suitable Plants City of McCall The following list of plants is presented to assist the developer, business owner, or homeowner in selecting plants for landscaping. The list is by no means complete, but is a recommended selection of plants which are either native or have been successfully introduced to our area. Successful landscaping, however, requires much more than just the selection of plants. Unless you have some experience, it is suggested than you employ the services of a trained or otherwise experienced landscaper, arborist, or forester. For best results it is recommended that careful consideration be made in purchasing the plants from the local nurseries (i.e. Cascade, McCall, and New Meadows). Plants brought in from the Treasure Valley may not survive our local weather conditions, microsites, and higher elevations. Timing can also be a serious consideration as the plants may have already broken dormancy and can be damaged by our late frosts. Appendix B SELECTED IDAHO NATIVE PLANTS SUITABLE FOR VALLEY COUNTY GROWING CONDITIONS Trees & Shrubs Acer circinatum (Vine Maple). Shrub or small tree 15-20' tall, Pacific Northwest native. Bright scarlet-orange fall foliage. Excellent ornamental. Alnus incana (Mountain Alder). A large shrub, useful for mid to high elevation riparian plantings. Good plant for stream bank shelter and stabilization. Nitrogen fixing root system. Alnus sinuata (Sitka Alder). A shrub, 6-1 5' tall. Grows well on moist slopes or stream banks. Excellent shrub for erosion control and riparian restoration. Nitrogen fixing root system. Amelanchier alnifolia (Serviceberry). One of the earlier shrubs to blossom out in the spring.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Native Plants
    - AA GUIDEGUIDE TOTO THETHE NATIVENATIVE PLANTS,PLANTS, NATURALNATURAL PLANTPLANT COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES ANDAND THETHE EXOTICEXOTIC ANDAND INVASIVEINVASIVE SPECIESSPECIES OFOF EASTEAST HAMPTONHAMPTON TOWNTOWN EAST HAMPTON TOWN Natural Resources Department TableTable ofof Contents:Contents: Spotted Beebalm (Monarda punctata) Narrative: Pages 1-17 Quick Reference Max Clearing Table: Page 18 Map: East Hampton Native Plant Habitats Map TABS: East Hampton Plant Habitats (1-12); Wetlands flora (13-15): 1. Outer Dunes Plant Spacing 2. Bay Bluffs 3. Amagansett Inner Dunes (AID) 4. Tidal Marsh (TM) Table: A 5. Montauk Mesic Forest (MMF) 6. Montauk Moorland (MM) guideline for the 7. North of Moraine Coastal Deciduous (NMCD) 8. Morainal Deciduous (MD) 9. Pine Barrens or Pitch Pine Oak Forest (PB) (PPO) number of 10. Montauk Grasslands (MG) 11. Northwest Woods (NWW) plants needed 12. Old Fields 13. Freshwater Wetlands 14. Brackish Wetlands and Buffer for an area: 15. East Hampton Wetland Flora by Type Page 19 Native Plants-Resistance to Deer Damage: Pages 20-21 Local Native Plant Landscapers, Arborists, Native Plant Growers and Suppliers: Pages 22-23 Exotic and Invasive Species: Pages 24-33 Native Wildflower Pictures: Pages 34-45 Samdplain Gerardia (Agalinas acuta) Introduction to our native landscape What is a native plant? Native plants are plants that are indigenous to a particular area or region. In North America we are referring to the flora that existed in an area or region before European settlement. Native plants occur within specific plant communities that vary in species composition depending on the habitat in which they are found. A few examples of habitats are tidal wetlands, woodlands, meadows and dunelands.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Breading
    SNA Research Conference Vol. 52 2007 Plant Breeding and Evaluation Tom Ranney Section Editor and Moderator Plant Breeding and Evaluation Section 326 SNA Research Conference Vol. 52 2007 New Callicarpa Species with Breeding Potential Ryan N. Contreras and John M. Ruter University of Georgia, Dept. of Horticulture, Tifton, GA 31793 [email protected] Index Words: beautyberry, species evaluation, ornamental plant breeding Significance to Industry: There is a great deal of available Callicarpa L. germplasm that has yet to be utilized by the nursery industry in the U.S. Taxa currently being evaluated are likely to have potential as breeding material or direct commercial marketability. With new breeding material and selections for introduction the number of beautyberry cultivars for use in southeastern gardens has the potential to expand greatly. Nature of Work: Callicarpa L. is a genus of ~150 species of shrubs and trees distributed throughout the world including warm-temperate and tropical America, SE Asia, Malaysia, Pacific Islands, and Australia (5) with the greatest concentration of species found in SE Asia, specifically the Philippine Islands (1). Of the New World species the highest concentration occurs in Cuba, with ~20 native species (1). There are currently four species commonly found in cultivation in the U.S.: C. americana L., C. bodinieri Lév., C. dichotoma (Lour.)K.Koch, and C. japonica Thunb. with a limited number of varieties or cultivars of each to choose from (3). Beautyberries, desired primarily for their handsome berries produced in fall, have been selected for white-fruiting varieties, finer textured varieties, increased berry production, and variegated foliage.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Resolving Lamiales Relationships
    Schäferhoff et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:352 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/352 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences Bastian Schäferhoff1*, Andreas Fleischmann2, Eberhard Fischer3, Dirk C Albach4, Thomas Borsch5, Günther Heubl2, Kai F Müller1 Abstract Background: In the large angiosperm order Lamiales, a diverse array of highly specialized life strategies such as carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism, and desiccation tolerance occur, and some lineages possess drastically accelerated DNA substitutional rates or miniaturized genomes. However, understanding the evolution of these phenomena in the order, and clarifying borders of and relationships among lamialean families, has been hindered by largely unresolved trees in the past. Results: Our analysis of the rapidly evolving trnK/matK, trnL-F and rps16 chloroplast regions enabled us to infer more precise phylogenetic hypotheses for the Lamiales. Relationships among the nine first-branching families in the Lamiales tree are now resolved with very strong support. Subsequent to Plocospermataceae, a clade consisting of Carlemanniaceae plus Oleaceae branches, followed by Tetrachondraceae and a newly inferred clade composed of Gesneriaceae plus Calceolariaceae, which is also supported by morphological characters. Plantaginaceae (incl. Gratioleae) and Scrophulariaceae are well separated in the backbone grade; Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae appear in distant clades, while the recently described Linderniaceae are confirmed to be monophyletic and in an isolated position. Conclusions: Confidence about deep nodes of the Lamiales tree is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary diversification of a major clade of flowering plants. The degree of resolution obtained here now provides a first opportunity to discuss the evolution of morphological and biochemical traits in Lamiales.
    [Show full text]
  • ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 7Th Edition
    ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names th 7 Edition ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori Published by All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be The Internation Seed Testing Association (ISTA) reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted Zürichstr. 50, CH-8303 Bassersdorf, Switzerland in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior ©2020 International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) permission in writing from ISTA. ISBN 978-3-906549-77-4 ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 1st Edition 1966 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Prof P. A. Linehan 2nd Edition 1983 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. H. Pirson 3rd Edition 1988 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. W. A. Brandenburg 4th Edition 2001 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 5th Edition 2007 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 6th Edition 2013 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 7th Edition 2019 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori 2 7th Edition ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names Content Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Symbols and Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Buchbesprechungen 247-296 ©Verein Zur Erforschung Der Flora Österreichs; Download Unter
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Neilreichia - Zeitschrift für Pflanzensystematik und Floristik Österreichs Jahr/Year: 2006 Band/Volume: 4 Autor(en)/Author(s): Mrkvicka Alexander Ch., Fischer Manfred Adalbert, Schneeweiß Gerald M., Raabe Uwe Artikel/Article: Buchbesprechungen 247-296 ©Verein zur Erforschung der Flora Österreichs; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Neilreichia 4: 247–297 (2006) Buchbesprechungen Arndt KÄSTNER, Eckehart J. JÄGER & Rudolf SCHUBERT, 2001: Handbuch der Se- getalpflanzen Mitteleuropas. Unter Mitarbeit von Uwe BRAUN, Günter FEYERABEND, Gerhard KARRER, Doris SEIDEL, Franz TIETZE, Klaus WERNER. – Wien & New York: Springer. – X + 609 pp.; 32 × 25 cm; fest gebunden. – ISBN 3-211-83562-8. – Preis: 177, – €. Dieses imposante Kompendium – wohl das umfangreichste Werk zu diesem Thema – behandelt praktisch alle Aspekte der reinen und angewandten Botanik rund um die Ackerbeikräuter. Es entstand in der Hauptsache aufgrund jahrzehntelanger Forschungs- arbeiten am Institut für Geobotanik der Universität Halle über Ökologie und Verbrei- tung der Segetalpflanzen. Im Zentrum des Werkes stehen 182 Arten, die ausführlich behandelt werden, wobei deren eindrucksvolle und umfassende „Porträt-Zeichnungen“ und genaue Verbreitungskarten am wichtigsten sind. Der „Allgemeine“ Teil („I.“) beginnt mit der Erläuterung einiger (vor allem morpholo- gischer, ökologischer, chorologischer und zoologischer) Fachausdrücke, darauf
    [Show full text]
  • Production of Verbascoside, Isoverbascoside and Phenolic
    molecules Article Production of Verbascoside, Isoverbascoside and Phenolic Acids in Callus, Suspension, and Bioreactor Cultures of Verbena officinalis and Biological Properties of Biomass Extracts Paweł Kubica 1 , Agnieszka Szopa 1,* , Adam Kokotkiewicz 2 , Natalizia Miceli 3 , Maria Fernanda Taviano 3 , Alessandro Maugeri 3 , Santa Cirmi 3 , Alicja Synowiec 4 , Małgorzata Gniewosz 4 , Hosam O. Elansary 5,6,7 , Eman A. Mahmoud 8, Diaa O. El-Ansary 9, Omaima Nasif 10, Maria Luczkiewicz 2 and Halina Ekiert 1,* 1 Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; [email protected] 2 Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, al. gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gda´nsk,Poland; [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (M.L.) 3 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; [email protected] (N.M.); [email protected] (M.F.T.); [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (S.C.) 4 Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (M.G.) 5 Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 6 Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture,
    [Show full text]
  • Batman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
    T.C. BATMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ ENDEMİK Ajuga vestita BOISS. BİTKİSİNİN FARKLI EKSPLANTLARINDAN İTİBAREN KALLUS OLUŞTURMA POTANSİYELİ VE OLUŞAN KALLUSUN BİYOLOJİK AKTİVİTESİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI Şerife (AYDINARIĞ) BULUŞ YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Biyoloji Anabilim Dalını Nisan-2019 BATMAN Her Hakkı Saklıdır ÖZET YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ ENDEMİK Ajuga vestita BOISS. BİTKİSİNİN FARKLI EKSPLANTLARINDAN İTİBAREN KALLUS OLUŞTURMA POTANSİYELİ VE OLUŞAN KALLUSUN BİYOLOJİK AKTİVİTESİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI Şerife (AYDINARIĞ) BULUŞ Batman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Doç. Dr. Filiz AKBAŞ 2019, 63 Sayfa Jüri Doç. Dr. Çiğdem IŞIKALAN Doç. Dr. Filiz AKBAŞ Doç. Dr. Nesrin HAŞİMİ Ajuga vestita BOISS. bitkisi, tıbbi öneme sahip, endemik ve “EN-Tehlikede”kategorisinde olan Ajuga cinsine ait bir türdür. Bu çalışmada Ajuga vestita BOISS.’in in vitro sürgünlerinden elde edilen fidelerin farklı kısımlarından, literatür taramalarında daha önce hiç çalışılmamış olan kallus kültürlerinin başlatılması ve optimizasyonu ile kallustan sürgün elde etme potansiyelinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Bu amaçla öncelikle yüzey sterilizasyonu tamamlanan Ajuga vestita BOISS.’in olgun tohumları hormonsuz 1/4 MS besi ortamında çimlendirildi. Aksenik sürgün uçları, 0.125 mg/L-1 Kin içeren 1/1 MS besi yerinde çoğaltılarak kallus oluşturma çalışmalarında başlangıç materyali olarak kullanılacak in vitro sürgünler elde edildi. İn vitro ortamda yetiştirilen sürgünlerin yaprak, gövde, kök kısımları ve testası çatlatılmış olgun tohumlar, sitokinin (Kin, BAP) ve oksinin (2,4-D) farklı konsantrasyonlarının bulunduğu 1/1 MS besi ortamında ayrı ayrı kültüre alındı. Çalışma sonucunda, kültüre alınan tüm eksplant çeşitlerinde kallus oluşumu gözlendi. Ancak, tüm eksplant tiplerinde en iyi kallus oluşumunun 0.5 mg/L-1 Kin+2.0 mg/L-1 2,4-D içeren besi ortamında olduğu belirlendi.
    [Show full text]
  • Desirable Plant List
    Carpinteria-Summerland Fire Protection District High Fire Hazard Area Desirable Plant List Desirable Qualities for Landscape Plants within Carpinteria/Summerland High Fire Hazard areas • Ability to store water in leaves or • Ability to withstand drought. stems. • Prostrate or prone in form. • Produces limited dead and fine • Ability to withstand severe pruning. material. • Low levels of volatile oils or resins. • Extensive root systems for controlling erosion. • Ability to resprout after a fire. • High levels of salt or other compounds within its issues that can contribute to fire resistance. PLANT LIST LEGEND Geographical Area ......... ............. Water Needs..... ............. Evergreen/Deciduous C-Coastal ............. ............. H-High . ............. ............. E-Evergreen IV-Interior Valley ............. ............. M-Moderate....... ............. D-Deciduous D-Deserts ............. ............. L-Low... ............. ............. E/D-Partly or ............. ............. VL -Very Low .... ............. Summer Deciduous Comment Code 1 Not for use in coastal areas......... ............ 13 ........ Tends to be short lived. 2 Should not be used on steep slopes........ 14 ........ High fire resistance. 3 May be damaged by frost. .......... ............ 15 ........ Dead fronds or leaves need to be 4 Should be thinned bi-annually to ............ ............. removed to maintain fire safety. remove dead or unwanted growth. .......... 16 ........ Tolerant of heavy pruning. 5 Good for erosion control. ............. ...........
    [Show full text]