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SEABIRD ISLANDS No November,1980 107 SEABIRDISLANDS No.100 Lawrence Rocks, Victoria Location: 38"25'5.. 141'40'E.. 2 km offshore from Point Danger and about 6 km south-east from Portland, Vic. Other Names:Lawrence Islands, Ile Du Dragono (formerly); The Gannets(by fishermenlocally). Status: A Wildlife Reserve under the manage- ment of the Fisheriesand Wildlife Division with- in the ConseryationMinistry of Victoria. "e Description: Lawrence Rocks consist of two islands,the larger about 6.8 ha and the smaller 1.5 ha; they are separatedby a channelsome 50 m wide through which the sea runs hard, par- ticularly in rough weather. The main island is crescent-shapedand concave to the south-west, the direction from which the prevailing winds and wave action have extensively eroded the rock-face to create a complex indented outline. The shelterednorth-east face is a relatively uni form crescentprofile. The main island has a base centre-linelength of about 800 m and an average width of some 90 m with the highestpoint about 30 m above mean sea level. The smaller island is rouglly oval in shape, and about 180 m by 90 m witl the highest point about 10 m above E.s.l.; it lies oft the western tip of the main island. J. A. Coulsonsdescribed the islandsas follows- "Lawrence Rocks, which are one mile ofishore from Point Danger and project about 80 feet t Lawrence Rocks (looking east). above sea-level,have a basalticfoundation upon Photo: Courtesyof PortlandHarbour Ttust. which rest bedsof yellow tuff about 50 feet thick. Wave-cut benchesup to 200 yards wide and 3 above water-level have been cut in the feet growth MesembryanthemLtm"T4 basalt". He made no mention of the guano cap- covered by a of grasses. The Australian Hollyhock ping which in 1860 was estimated to contain and exotic Lavatero plebeia has parts of the lower some 7 000 tonnesavailable for removal?. colonised scree slopes but individual plants support a popu- Apart from the guano, the sudace is mostly lation of small grasshoppers which seriously im- rock but the saddle "is comoosedof loose soil pede their growth rate. 108 T. W. Pescott: Lawrence Bocks Corella 4 (4) Landing: Onto the rock platform at the north- west tiD of the main island and dilicult even in calm weather, due to the inevitable ocean swell. A second but rarely used landing place at the south-eastend also permits accessto the main ridge. Ornithological History: Reports during the first half of the last cantury referred to the presence "The of a large nesting colony of seabirds on Rocks" which had produced considerablequan- tities of guano. However, the first ornithologist to visil Lawrence Rocks was Dr W. Maccillivray in December 1900rr. A. H. E. Mattingleylrcamp ed overnight in Decembsr (presumably) 1907, and read a DaDer on his observations before the Field Naturtli;ts Club ot Victoria on 9 March 1908. Mattingley noted the preserce on the o Part oJ tlte gcuutetcolon1,. smaller island ol a large nesting colony of cor- morants Phalacrocorax gouldi l- Leucocarbo 'fuscescensl "sitting on their columnar-shaped bers in 1907r and in 19351r.A report about passed "surprisingly nests, and when we close to them, the 1962 stated that the species does brooding birds waddled ofi their eggs". He also not nesl on Lawrence Rocks. Howevel, a num- recorded Little Penguins, Short-tailed Shear- "Dovelike ber of non-breeders roost on The Rocks at waters and Prton. Prion desolatus" night" 1'. Possibly a few may still breed on the Fairy Prion Pachyptiia trltul] nesting, and "some[- island though the nesting habitat is mostly un- 400 Gannets attending their young ones". suitable for burrowing. In 1937, ProfessorF. Wood Jonesll gave details of a visit he made to the island on 28 November P elecanoides urinatrix Common Diving-Petrel - 1935, but the first detailed report on the Austra- .A.n almost fledged bird was found in December lasian Gannets at Lawrence Rocks was made bv 1978*. J. L. McKeans in 1966. Morus seffqtor Australasian Gannet - Breeds from October to early May with nests located Breeding Seabilds and Slatus on the higher part of the main island. The popu- lation was recorded by McKeans as increasing Eudl,ptula minor Little Penguin - nests among from 40 breeding pairs in October 1952, to the fallen boulders at the base and lower levels "Saddle" 605 in December 1960 and 639 in December of the cliffs or on the of the main 1961. In December 1978*, 1456 occupied nests island. Laying probably conmences in August wgre counted. but may be protracted. Most young would have left by earlv in January, but some birds may be Leucocarbo fuscescen:;Black-faced Shag - Re- ashore throughout the year. Estimated 1 100 corded breeding on the smaller island in large oreeorngparrs. numbers in 1907'r, and Wood Jonesr{ stated ". Pachl,ptila turtur Fairy Prion - In December that ., the inner island is a bare rock and 1900. MacGillivrav sooke of the bunows of the forms a rookery for thousands of shags." Appar- "hundrecls"ll prions being pre!"tri in but in ently these are tbe only breeding records, and November 1935. the estimatewas "not more than presuming they are correct, the reason for the 100 breedingpairs"la. A Iater report, about 1962, abandonment oi colony is puzzling. The VORG recorded that there wer probably less than 20C report in 196211refered only to roosting of this pairs nestingon "The Rocls". Probablypresent and the other four cormorant species. to breed from late in August or early September until the young depart in Februarl-. 'N Hanit, M. P. (1979), Unpublished Report. The Sea- the Victorian Islands. A report to the Ministrt Puffinus tenuirostrrs Short-tailed Shearwater - birds ol lor Con\crration, Vicbridn State Coremment. Recorded breeding on the island in small num- - Hon. Asst. Editor. November,1980 T. W. Pe6cott:Lawrence Bocks 109 Haentatopus luliginosus Sooty Oystercatcher - Acknowledgements One or two pairs probably nest regularly on "The Rocks". I wish to thank Mr S. G. Lane for assistance in the preparationand finalisingof the manus- cript, Mr Greg Baker of Portland for making available photographsand a copy of the suryey Factors Afiecting Status plan details, and Mr Gavin Cerini (Fisheries and Wildlife Division) for checkingthe nesting The extensive removal of guano from the locations. island during the last century does not appear to have causedany lasting damage.Illegal shoot- ins mav cause some damaqe and disturbance Bibliography bu'i it ii not likely to be a seriousproblem. The "The physical difliculty of landing on Rocks" 1. Bassett,Marnie (1954), The Hentys. Oxford Uni- will probablv keep down the number of visils: versity Press, London. increare in landings 2. Boys, R. D. (1915), First Years at Port Phillip- however, any appreciabte Robertson and Mullen, Melbourne. certainlv cause disturb- during breeding would 3. Coulson,A. (1941), 'The volcanoesof the Portland ance and casualtiesto the seabirds. dstrict', Pro(. R. Soc. Vict. 53(NS):394-402. (1886), 'Notes post Erosion of the sudace soil may cause some 4. Dennant, J. on tertiary strata in soLrth-westernyictoria', Tran.\. Proc. R. Soc. deterioration to the nesting sites of the prions. Vict.23:225-213. but the abienceof rabbitsmakes serious erosion 5. crimths, C. S. (1887), 'The geologyof the Port- unlikely. Peregrine Falcons FaLco percgrinus land Promontory, western Victoria', Trans. Proc. breed on the island and predate the seabirds, R. Soc. viLt. 24:6\-80. particularly the prionsr{. 6- Learmonth.N. F. (1934), The Portland Bay Settle- ment. Mccarron Bird and Co., Melbourne- 7. Learmonth, N. F. (1960), The Story of a Port. Portland Harbour Trust, Portland. OTHER VERTEBRATES 8. McKean, J. L. (1966), 'Population status and small population of Australian Fur Seals migration of the Gannet Sula bassana serrator ol A LawrenceRocks, yic.', Emu 65:159-163. Arctocepholus pusillus is present and the Sea- 'A 9. Mattingley, A. H. E. (1908), niSht with the lion Neophoca cinerea is an occasional visitor. birds on Lawrence Rocks', Victorlan Nat. 25:1224. 'EiShteenth 10. Purchase,D. (1973). Annual Report of the Australian Bird-BandingScheme, July 1971 to June 1972'. Tet'lt. Pap. Div. Il/ildl. Rer. CS1RO, Other SeabirdsRecorded lrrl., No. 27. ll. Serventy, D. L., V. N. Serventy and J. Warham Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant (1971). The Handbook of Australian Sea-birds.A. Pllalacrococoraxrarius PiedCormorant H. and A. W. Reed, SYdneY 'The Phalacrocoraxsulciroslris LittleBlackCormorant 12. V.O.R.G. (1962), fauna ot Ladv lulia Percv Phalacrocoraxmelanoleucos Little Pied Cormorant lsland and Lawrence Rocks', Submissionto the Larus not'aehollsndiae Silver Gull State wildlife Reserves Investigation Committee Sterna nerers Fairy Ten Fisheries and wildlife Department, Victoria Stena bergii Crested Tern 'The 13. wood Jones,F. (1937), breedingof prions on islandsoff the coast of \ictoria', Emu 36:186-188 'On 14. Woods, Rev. J. (1859), some tertiary rocks at yitt. Banding Portland Bay', 7'runs. Plil. Inst 41169-l'13 Period 26 Decembert960 to 30 June 1975. Morus serrator- 404 adults; 1811 nestlings banded;46 recoveriesup to 2 430 km west and 300 km east;51 recoveriesa total of 59 times at banding place. Two birds which had been banded as nestlingson LawrenceRocks in Dec- ember 1965 and December1966 were among Date compiled: 11 August 1977. some which were shot while breedingon a bea- conJight platform in Port Phillip Bay in Feb- ruary 1.9721't. T .W. Pescoll,4 Victoria Terroce.Belnont yic.' -1216.
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