DOCSLIB.ORG

Population Dynamics of Australasian Gannets (Morus Serrator)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Population Dynamics of Australasian Gannets (Morus Serrator) Population dynamics of Australasian gannets (Morus serrator) breeding in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria; competition with fisheries and the potential use of seabirds in managing marine resources. by Ashley Bunce Thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Melbourne Department of Zoology The University of Melbourne October 2000 DECLARATION This is to certify that (i) this thesis comprises only my original work, except where indicated in the preface, (ii) due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all other material used, and · (iii) this thesis is less than 100,000 words in length, exclusive of tables, maps, bibliographies, and appendices . October 2000 ABSTRACT Increasing exploitation of pelagic fish populations worldwide has often resulted in overfishing and the collapse of commercial fisheries and associated serious declines in many marine predator populations, including seabirds. These events higMight the competing demands for limited marine resources. Recent emphasis for the ecologically- sustainable management of commercial fisheries has stimulated attempts to manage fisheries by incorporating knowledge of trophic interactions and ecosystem functioning, known as ecosystem-based fisheries management. Seabirds are often highly visible, wide-ranging upper trophic level consumers that aggregate in areas of increased ocean productivity and therefore be used as natural monitors of marine environmental conditions. Further, many seabirds commonly fed on commercially-exploited fish stocks (often targeting prey of similar size). In this study, the population dynamics of Australasian gannets {Moms serrator) breeding in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, is investigated and competition between gannets and commercial fisheries is determined. In addition, the potential use of seabird reproductive and population parameters as indicators of the abundance of commercially exploited fish stocks, and pelagic conditions generally, is assessed. The breeding success of Australasian gannets declined significantly in the 1998- 1999 breeding period and the growth rates of chicks was reduced, following the spread of a large-scale mass mortality of pilchards (Sardinops sagax) in southern Australian waters, suggesting that food availability may influence the reproductive ability of gannets. Similarly, the provision of supplementary food to offspring resulted in increased nestling growth and survival rates whereas, at nests where artificial twins were created (and the level of food demand at the nest increased), offspring had reduced growth rates and survival. The Australasian gannet population in Australian waters has increased considerably in recent years, from some 6,600 breeding pairs in 1980 to approximately 20,000 pairs in 1999-2000, an increase of 6% per year, although the population may have been expanding somewhat earlier (i.e. before 1980). The reasons for the substantial increases in the Australasian gannet population are poorly understood, but it is suggested that a significant trend towards more frequent, and stronger El Nino Southern Oscillation events, warmer summer sea surface temperatures and changes in major commercial fisheries, are likely to have resulted in increased local productivity and therefore may account for at least some of the observed increase in the local Australasian gannet population. Australasian gannets are a major local marine predator feeding predominantly on pilchards and other inshore pelagic schooling fish and cephalopod species, including anchovy {Engraulis australis), garfish (Hyporhamphus melanochir), barracouta (Thyrsites atun), and mackerel {Scomber australasicus). Dietary changes of Australasian gannets between 1988 and 2000 may reflect changes in the abundance of commercially exploited fish stocks. The relative proportion of pilchard in the gannet diet was significantly correlated with annual commercial fishery landings; however, changes in the proportion of other prey in the gannet diet was not. In addition, the proportion of pilchard in the gannet diet declined considerably in 1998, following the spread of pilchard deaths in Victorian waters, presumably reflecting a consequent unavailability of pilchards. Commercial catches of pilchard in Victorian waters have also declined since 1998. It is considered that the abundance of important prey items in the gannet diet, such as pilchards, and commercial fisheries landings are proportional to stock abundance or size and the implications of this relationship for fisheries management is examined. Competition between gannets and commercial fishers is also apparent as both actively target and exploit similar prey (also taking similar age-size classes). It is estimated, based on daily energy requirements (4561 kJ day"') calculated from attendance patterns and activity-specific metabolic rates, that Australasian gannets breeding in Port Phillip Bay consume 228 tonnes of prey throughout the breeding period. The potential foraging range of gannets, determined from foraging trip durations, is within Port Phillip Bay and the nearby coastal waters of Bass Strait. Within this range a number of large commercial fisheries targeting major prey items of gannets operate; however, only pilchards are consistently taken as a major local commercial fishery, consequently the potential for this fishery to negatively affect gannets is apparent. It is considered that reproductive and population parameters, such as breeding success or population change, considered in this study, although likely to be influenced Ill by changes in food availability, vary little if at all when food conditions are favourable. Consequently, such parameters are not ideal indicators of the abundance of commercial fish stocks or pelagic conditions as a negative impact on seabird populations (e.g. a reduction in breeding success or adult survival) is necessary to detect changes in stock size. Alternatively, the prey consumption and changes in the diet composition of seabirds, such as gannets, may provide a more effective, and reliable indicator of commercial fish stocks and are likely to improve the effectiveness of ecosystem-based fisheries management models. However, at present the application of such models is limited and dependent on knowledge of the importance of other biotic and abiotic factors influencing pelagic conditions and fish populations. IV PREFACE The completion of this thesis has required some collaboration with others as indicated below, however, the information contained in this thesis is solely my own original work. In the case of chapter 1, chapter 2, and chapter 5, all material presented is solely my own original work and in the other chapters I have used other supporting material which I have not collected myself, as indicated below. In Chapter 3, data on the changes in numbers of Australasian gannets breeding in Tasmanian waters was obtained from Nigel Brothers and Rosemary Gales at the Parks and Wildlife Service in Tasmania. Patrick Coutin from the Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute, Queenscliff, provided information on commercial pilchard catches and catch per unit effort data for this fishery. Sea Surface temperature data for Bass Strait was provided by Steve Worley of the National Centre for Atmospheric Research, Comprehensive Oceanic-Atmospheric Data Set. Information on the Southern Oscillation Index was obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology (Australia) archives. In Chapter 4, data on the commercial fishery catches of selected species were obtained from Patrick Coutin and the Catch and Effort Database at the Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute, Queenscliff. In Chapter 6, data on the commercial fishery catches of selected species were obtained from Patrick Coutin and the Catch and Effort Database at the Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute, Queenscliff. Nutritional analysis of samples of major prey items in the gannet diet were conducted at the Department of Agricultural Sciences, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, under the supervision of Dr. Theresa Frankel. However, these contributions constituted the provision only of raw data and all interpretations and conclusions drawn from this data constitutes solely my own original work. Reference to all other material used, has been fully acknowledged in the text. The chapters presented in this thesis have been prepared as individual papers, consequently some repetition of material is inevitable and unavoidable, however attempts have been made to keep any repetition to a minimum. Each of these papers has been either submitted for publication or published as listed below. The inclusion of co-authors on these papers acknowledges a supervisory role or the provision of raw data (in the case of other authors) only. The interpretation drawn from this data and the ideas and conclusions as presented reflects solely my own original work. Publication details of the papers presented in this thesis are indicated below; Chapter 1 Bunce, A., Norman, F. I. & Ward, S. J. (2000). Age-related variations in the breeding success of Australasian gannets {Moms serrator) during contrasting years of prey availability. Journal ofAvian Biology (submitted). Chapter 2 Bunce, A. (2000). Effects of supplementary feeding and artificial twinning on nestling growth and survival in Australasian gannets {Moms serrator). Emu (in press). Chapter 3 Bunce, A., Norman, F. I., Brothers, N. & Gales, R. (2000). Long-term trends in the Australasian gannet {Morus serrator) population in Australia:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rodondo Island
    BIODIVERSITY & OIL SPILL RESPONSE SURVEY January 2015 NATURE CONSERVATION REPORT SERIES 15/04 RODONDO ISLAND BASS STRAIT NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE DIVISION DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES, PARKS, WATER AND ENVIRONMENT RODONDO ISLAND – Oil Spill & Biodiversity Survey, January 2015 RODONDO ISLAND BASS STRAIT Biodiversity & Oil Spill Response Survey, January 2015 NATURE CONSERVATION REPORT SERIES 15/04 Natural and Cultural Heritage Division, DPIPWE, Tasmania. © Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment ISBN: 978-1-74380-006-5 (Electronic publication only) ISSN: 1838-7403 Cite as: Carlyon, K., Visoiu, M., Hawkins, C., Richards, K. and Alderman, R. (2015) Rodondo Island, Bass Strait: Biodiversity & Oil Spill Response Survey, January 2015. Natural and Cultural Heritage Division, DPIPWE, Hobart. Nature Conservation Report Series 15/04. Main cover photo: Micah Visoiu Inside cover: Clare Hawkins Unless otherwise credited, the copyright of all images remains with the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. This work is copyright. It may be reproduced for study, research or training purposes subject to an acknowledgement of the source and no commercial use or sale. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Branch Manager, Wildlife Management Branch, DPIPWE. Page | 2 RODONDO ISLAND – Oil Spill & Biodiversity Survey, January 2015 SUMMARY Rodondo Island was surveyed in January 2015 by staff from the Natural and Cultural Heritage Division of the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment (DPIPWE) to evaluate potential response and mitigation options should an oil spill occur in the region that had the potential to impact on the island’s natural values. Spatial information relevant to species that may be vulnerable in the event of an oil spill in the area has been added to the Australian Maritime Safety Authority’s Oil Spill Response Atlas and all species records added to the DPIPWE Natural Values Atlas.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Establishments and Extinctions of Northern Gannet Morus Bassanus Colonies in North Norway, 1995-2008
    Recent establishments and extinctions of Northern Gannet Morus bassanus colonies in North Norway, 1995-2008 Robert T. Barrett Barrett, R.T. 2008. Recent establishments and extinctions of Northern Gannet Morus bassanus colonies in North Norway, 1995-2008. – Ornis Norvegica 31: 172-182. Since the last published review of the development of the Northern Gannet Morus bassanus population in Norway (Barrett & Folkestad 1996), there has been a general increase in numbers breeding in North Norway from ca. 2200 occupied nests in 1995 to ca. 2700 in 2008. In Lofoten and Vesterålen, however, numbers have decreased from 1500 occupied nests in 1989 to 500 in 2008, and what were the two largest colonies on Skarvklakken and Hovsflesa have been abandoned. Small colonies have, in the meantime, been established in the region, but these are all characteristically unstable. A new colony established in Troms in 2001 increased to 400 occupied sites in 2007, but the population dropped to 326 in 2008. Harassment by White-tailed eagles Haliaeetus albicilla is mooted as the main cause of the decline in Lofoten and Vesterålen. Robert T. Barrett, Dept. of Natural Science, Tromsø University Museum, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway. INTRODUCTION the well-established colonies, Skarvklakken and Hovsflesa in the north of the country, there were Apart from perhaps the Great Skua Catharacta even signs of declines between 1991 and 1995. skua, there is no species whose establishment as a This paper documents the subsequent fate of the breeding bird in Norway and subsequent popula- North Norwegian colonies, including the extinc- tion development has been so well documented tion of some and the establishment of others.
    [Show full text]
  • How Seabirds Plunge-Dive Without Injuries
    How seabirds plunge-dive without injuries Brian Changa,1, Matthew Crosona,1, Lorian Strakerb,c,1, Sean Garta, Carla Doveb, John Gerwind, and Sunghwan Junga,2 aDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061; bNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560; cSetor de Ornitologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro RJ 20940-040, Brazil; and dNorth Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601 Edited by David A. Weitz, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved August 30, 2016 (received for review May 27, 2016) In nature, several seabirds (e.g., gannets and boobies) dive into wa- From a mechanics standpoint, an axial force acting on a slender ter at up to 24 m/s as a hunting mechanism; furthermore, gannets body may lead to mechanical failure on the body, otherwise known and boobies have a slender neck, which is potentially the weakest as buckling. Therefore, under compressive loads, the neck is po- part of the body under compression during high-speed impact. In tentially the weakest part of the northern gannet due to its long this work, we investigate the stability of the bird’s neck during and slender geometry. Still, northern gannets impact the water at plunge-diving by understanding the interaction between the fluid up to 24 m/s without injuries (18) (see SI Appendix, Table S1 for forces acting on the head and the flexibility of the neck. First, we estimated speeds). The only reported injuries from plunge-diving use a salvaged bird to identify plunge-diving phases.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposed Development Information to Accompany
    ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT TO ACCOMPANY DRAFT AMENDMENT NO.6 TO D’ENTRECASTEAUX CHANNEL MARINE FARMING DEVELOPMENT PLAN FEBRUARY 2002 PROPONENT: TASSAL OPERATIONS PTY LTD Glossary ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler AGD Amoebic Gill Disease ASC Aquaculture Stewardship Council BAP Best Aquaculture Practices BEMP Broadscale Environmental Monitoring Program CAMBA China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement CEO Chief Executive Officer COBP Code of Best Practice CSER corporate, social and environmental responsibility CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation DAFF Depart of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry dBA A-weighted decibels DMB Dry matter basis DO dissolved oxygen DPIW Department of Primary Industries and Water DPIPWE Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and the Environment EDO Environmental Defenders Office ENGOs environmental non-governmental organisations EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMS Environmental Management System EPA Environmental Protection Authority EPBCA Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 FCR Feed Conversion Ratio FHMP Fish Health Management Plan FSANZ Food Standards Australia New Zealand g gram GAA Global Aquaculture Alliance ha hectare HAB Harmful Algal Bloom HOG head on gutted HVN Huon Valley News IALA International Association of Lighthouse Authorities IMAS Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies i JAMBA Japan-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement kg kilogram km kilometre L litre LED light-emitting diode m metre mm millimetre MAST Marine and Safety
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeography of the Invasive Polychaete Sabella Spallanzanii (Sabellidae) Based on the Nucleotide Sequence of Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) of Nuclear Rdna
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 215: 169–177, 2001 Published May 31 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Phylogeography of the invasive polychaete Sabella spallanzanii (Sabellidae) based on the nucleotide sequence of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of nuclear rDNA F. P. Patti*, M. C. Gambi Stazione Zoologica ‘A. Dohrn’, Laboratorio di Ecologia del Benthos, 80077 Ischia (Napoli), Italy ABSTRACT: Genetic relationships between different populations of the invasive species Sabella spallanzanii (Gmelin, 1791) (Polychaeta, Sabellidae) are investigated through the use of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (285 bp). Samples were taken from South Australian waters (3 populations), the Mediterranean Sea (8 populations) and the French Atlantic coast (1 population). The ITS2 sequences were analyzed using both maximum parsimony and unweighted pair-group mean analysis (UPGMA) algorithms; results showed genetic disjunction between the Australian and the Mediterranean populations. Within the Mediterranean populations, 3 different sub-groups, corresponding to different sub-basins, could be clearly detected (Northwest- ern, Central and Eastern basins). The Atlantic population showed strong differences with the Mediterranean and Australian populations, but did not allow the identification of the source of intro- duction from Europe to Australia. Data also suggest the occurrence of a reduced genetic variability of the Australian populations, probably due to the ‘founder effect’ of one introduction, either via ballast waters or hull fouling. The recent description of the life cycle and larval development of S. spallan- zanii in the Mediterranean Sea, with a long pelagic larval phase and a post-settlement stage of meta- morphosis (approx. 25 d), supports the hypothesis of introduction via ballast waters (larval pool).
    [Show full text]
  • First Atlantic Records of the Red-Footed Booby Sula Sula and Brown Booby S. Leucogaster in Southern Africa
    36 FIRST ATLANTIC RECORDS OF THE RED-FOOTED BOOBY SULA SULA AND BROWN BOOBY S. LEUCOGASTER IN SOUTHERN AFRICA B.M. DYER1 & Y. CHESSELET2 1Marine and Coastal Management, Private Bag X2, Roggebaai 8012, South Africa ([email protected]) 2Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, PO Box 394, Lüderitz, Namibia Received 31 August 2000, accepted 18 April 2002 The Red-footed Booby Sula sula and the Brown Booby S. taken to the Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of leucogaster occur in most tropical seas (Harrison 1983). Both Coastal Birds (SANCCOB) rescue station for treatment, but died species have been recorded previously in the southern African three days later. The corpse was then sent for necropsy to the region (Maclean 1993, Hockey et al. 1992, 1996). Three addi- Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Stellenbosch. Enterobacter coli tional records are reported here for the Red-footed Booby and one and other Enterobacteriae were identified but were considered (the third) for the Brown Booby in southern Africa, all from the unlikely to have caused death. The stomach was empty. The speci- Atlantic coast. men (the first for South Africa) is in the South African Museum (SAM ZO58494). Morphometric details are culmen 79.9 mm, tarsus 237.5 mm, wing 372 mm, and tail 192 mm. RED-FOOTED BOOBY The three records published here are the first for the Atlantic coast A white-morph Red-footed Booby was observed at Ichaboe Island of southern Africa although several records exist for the eastern (26°17'S, 14°56'E) by Y.C., c. 30 km north of Lüderitz, Namibia coast, all from Mozambique (Hockey et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Checklist for St. Johns County Florida (As of January 2019)
    Bird Checklist for St. Johns County Florida (as of January 2019) DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS Mourning Dove Black-bellied Whistling-Duck CUCKOOS Snow Goose Yellow-billed Cuckoo Ross's Goose Black-billed Cuckoo Brant NIGHTJARS Canada Goose Common Nighthawk Mute Swan Chuck-will's-widow Tundra Swan Eastern Whip-poor-will Muscovy Duck SWIFTS Wood Duck Chimney Swift Blue-winged Teal HUMMINGBIRDS Cinnamon Teal Ruby-throated Hummingbird Northern Shoveler Rufous Hummingbird Gadwall RAILS, CRANES, and ALLIES American Wigeon King Rail Mallard Virginia Rail Mottled Duck Clapper Rail Northern Pintail Sora Green-winged Teal Common Gallinule Canvasback American Coot Redhead Purple Gallinule Ring-necked Duck Limpkin Greater Scaup Sandhill Crane Lesser Scaup Whooping Crane (2000) Common Eider SHOREBIRDS Surf Scoter Black-necked Stilt White-winged Scoter American Avocet Black Scoter American Oystercatcher Long-tailed Duck Black-bellied Plover Bufflehead American Golden-Plover Common Goldeneye Wilson's Plover Hooded Merganser Semipalmated Plover Red-breasted Merganser Piping Plover Ruddy Duck Killdeer GROUSE, QUAIL, and ALLIES Upland Sandpiper Northern Bobwhite Whimbrel Wild Turkey Long-billed Curlew GREBES Hudsonian Godwit Pied-billed Grebe Marbled Godwit Horned Grebe Ruddy Turnstone FLAMINGOS Red Knot American Flamingo (2004) Ruff PIGEONS and DOVES Stilt Sandpiper Rock Pigeon Sanderling Eurasian Collared-Dove Dunlin Common Ground-Dove Purple Sandpiper White-winged Dove Baird's Sandpiper St. Johns County is a special place for birds – celebrate it! Bird Checklist
    [Show full text]
  • Hamilton & Region
    Dadswells Natte Yallock HWY C240 Bridge Glenorchy Redbank Moonambel SUNRA WIMMERA Deep Lead YSIA Landsborough Carisbrook Apsley Lake Maryborough Wombelano Toolondo Reservoir Lonsdale Lake Y Wartook Wartook Stawell Avoca B180 Paddys Ranges GREATER HAMILTONEdenhope REGION HW State Park Distances (kms) Crowlands Talbot Black Range Elmhurst HWY Halls Gap Hamilton Coleraine Dunkeld Penshurst Cavendish Balmoral G’thompson Horsham Halls Gap Fairy Port Portland Ballarat Geelong Warrnambool Melbourne Mt Gambier Connawarra Adelaide Langkoop Great Western PYRENEES State Park AraratHamilton 34 32B180 33 26 65 50 130 96 84 85 180 236 110 295 132 135 499 Harrow Moora Moora Lake Pomonal RegionalColeraine 34 66 64 53 46 84 124 130 117 98 213 267 140 326 97 101 465 11 Reservoir Park Bellfield Dunkeld 32 66 28 31 70 18 135 64 93 117 147 205 105 261 156 166 519 Warrak Evansford Tarrington • Penshurst • Rocklands Penshurst 33 64 28 54 93 47 158 93 64 104 179 203 75 278 154 165 530 River Glenthompson • Dunkeld • Coleraine • Cavendish • Poolaigelo Reservoir Grampians Lexton Ararat Cavendish 26 53 31 54 38 50 HWY 104 82 109 Clunes110 179 236 130 293 147 154 487 National Langi Ghiran Byaduk • Branxholme • Balmoral • Hamilton • Y Dergholm Balmoral HENT Balmoral 65 Mt Buangor46 70 93 38 89 76 96 148 145 217 275 168 332 141 122 449 Moyston A8 State ParkState Park State Park Park G’thompson 50 84 18 47 50 89 154 65 111 136 Smeaton129 186 93 242 174 185 538 Glenelg Chetwynd Horsham 130 124 135 158Raglan 104 76 154 Waubra71 213 218 187 277 228 299 261 154 430 Buangor
    [Show full text]
  • Flight Patterns and Energy Budget of the Cape Gannet
    Energy Budget and foraging behaviour of the Cape gannet Morus capensis during the breeding season René Alfredo Navarro-Cañas BSc. Biology - MSc. Zoology Universidad Austral de Chile Thesis presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Zoology University of Cape Town 2010 Supervised by: Professor L.G. Underhill Co-supervised by: Dr. R.J.M. Crawford 2 Declaration I hereby declare that all of the work presented in this thesis, titled “Energy Budget and foraging behaviour of the Cape gannet, Morus capensis, during the breeding season”, is my own, except where otherwise stated in the text. This thesis has not been submitted in whole or in part for a degree at any other university. Signed in Cape Town in July 2010, René Alfredo Navarro-Cañas Date of graduation: December 16th, 2010 3 4 To Henk Visser Whose vision and enthusiasm lead to this project, it’s funding and its beginnings. I am grateful for the trust and opportunity he gave me to conduct this piece of research “Supiste que vencer o ser vencido son caras de un azar indiferente, que no hay otra virtud que ser valiente.” Did you know that to win or to be defeated are faces of an indifferent fate that there is no other virtue that being brave Jorge Luis Borges 5 6 Contents Chapter 1 General introduction 19 Chapter 2 The growth of Cape gannet chicks: intra- and inter- 31 seasonal comparisons of growth performance in relation to adults foraging effort and prey availability Chapter 3 Energy expenditure of free-ranging chicks of the 57 Cape gannet Chapter 4 Water everywhere but not a drop to drink: water flux 89 and water economy of free-ranging Cape gannets Chapter 5 A new look at track sinuosity: using distance-ratio 105 scale for the analysis of animal movement Chapter 6 Unpredictable resources and foraging strategies in 129 Cape gannets Chapter 7 Energy expenditure Cape gannets in relation to 157 foraging behaviour Chapter 8 Synthesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedigree of the Wilson Family N O P
    Pedigree of the Wilson Family N O P Namur** . NOP-1 Pegonitissa . NOP-203 Namur** . NOP-6 Pelaez** . NOP-205 Nantes** . NOP-10 Pembridge . NOP-208 Naples** . NOP-13 Peninton . NOP-210 Naples*** . NOP-16 Penthievre**. NOP-212 Narbonne** . NOP-27 Peplesham . NOP-217 Navarre*** . NOP-30 Perche** . NOP-220 Navarre*** . NOP-40 Percy** . NOP-224 Neuchatel** . NOP-51 Percy** . NOP-236 Neufmarche** . NOP-55 Periton . NOP-244 Nevers**. NOP-66 Pershale . NOP-246 Nevil . NOP-68 Pettendorf* . NOP-248 Neville** . NOP-70 Peverel . NOP-251 Neville** . NOP-78 Peverel . NOP-253 Noel* . NOP-84 Peverel . NOP-255 Nordmark . NOP-89 Pichard . NOP-257 Normandy** . NOP-92 Picot . NOP-259 Northeim**. NOP-96 Picquigny . NOP-261 Northumberland/Northumbria** . NOP-100 Pierrepont . NOP-263 Norton . NOP-103 Pigot . NOP-266 Norwood** . NOP-105 Plaiz . NOP-268 Nottingham . NOP-112 Plantagenet*** . NOP-270 Noyers** . NOP-114 Plantagenet** . NOP-288 Nullenburg . NOP-117 Plessis . NOP-295 Nunwicke . NOP-119 Poland*** . NOP-297 Olafsdotter*** . NOP-121 Pole*** . NOP-356 Olofsdottir*** . NOP-142 Pollington . NOP-360 O’Neill*** . NOP-148 Polotsk** . NOP-363 Orleans*** . NOP-153 Ponthieu . NOP-366 Orreby . NOP-157 Porhoet** . NOP-368 Osborn . NOP-160 Port . NOP-372 Ostmark** . NOP-163 Port* . NOP-374 O’Toole*** . NOP-166 Portugal*** . NOP-376 Ovequiz . NOP-173 Poynings . NOP-387 Oviedo* . NOP-175 Prendergast** . NOP-390 Oxton . NOP-178 Prescott . NOP-394 Pamplona . NOP-180 Preuilly . NOP-396 Pantolph . NOP-183 Provence*** . NOP-398 Paris*** . NOP-185 Provence** . NOP-400 Paris** . NOP-187 Provence** . NOP-406 Pateshull . NOP-189 Purefoy/Purifoy . NOP-410 Paunton . NOP-191 Pusterthal .
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter 16 Xmas 2016
    FRIENDSFRIENDS OFOF TASMAN ISLAND NEWSLETTERNEWSLETTER No. 1416 December,MAY, 2015 2016 Written & Compiled by Erika Shankley November has been a busy month for FoTI - read AWBF 2017 all about it in the following pages! FoTI, FoMI & FoDI will have a presence at next year’s Australian 2 Light between Oceans Wooden Boat Festival: 10—13 3 Tasman Landing February 2017. Keep these dates 4 24th Working bee free—more details as they come to 6 Tasmanian Lighthouse Conference hand. Carol’s story 8 Karl’s story SEE US ON THE WILDCARE WEB SITE 9 Pennicott Iron Pot cruise http://wildcaretas.org.au/ 10 Custodians of lighthouse paraphernalia Check out the latest news on the 11 Merchandise for sale Home page or click on Branches to 12 Parting Shot see FoTI’s Tasman Island web page. We wish everyone a happy and safe holiday FACEBOOK season and look forward to a productive year on A fantastic collection of anecdotes, Tasman Island in 2017. historical and up-to-date information and photos about Tasman and other lighthouses around the world. Have you got something to contribute, add Erika a comment or just click to like us! FoTI shares with David & Trauti Reynolds & their son Mark, much sadness in the death of their son Gavin after a long illness. Gavin’s memory is perpetuated in the design of FoTI’s logo. FILM: Light between Oceans Page 2 Early in November a few FoTI supporters joined members of the public at the State Cinema for the Hobart launch of the film Light between Oceans, a dramatisation of the book of the same name by ML Steadman.
    [Show full text]
  • 3966 Tour Op 4Col
    The Tasmanian Advantage natural and cultural features of Tasmania a resource manual aimed at developing knowledge and interpretive skills specific to Tasmania Contents 1 INTRODUCTION The aim of the manual Notesheets & how to use them Interpretation tips & useful references Minimal impact tourism 2 TASMANIA IN BRIEF Location Size Climate Population National parks Tasmania’s Wilderness World Heritage Area (WHA) Marine reserves Regional Forest Agreement (RFA) 4 INTERPRETATION AND TIPS Background What is interpretation? What is the aim of your operation? Principles of interpretation Planning to interpret Conducting your tour Research your content Manage the potential risks Evaluate your tour Commercial operators information 5 NATURAL ADVANTAGE Antarctic connection Geodiversity Marine environment Plant communities Threatened fauna species Mammals Birds Reptiles Freshwater fishes Invertebrates Fire Threats 6 HERITAGE Tasmanian Aboriginal heritage European history Convicts Whaling Pining Mining Coastal fishing Inland fishing History of the parks service History of forestry History of hydro electric power Gordon below Franklin dam controversy 6 WHAT AND WHERE: EAST & NORTHEAST National parks Reserved areas Great short walks Tasmanian trail Snippets of history What’s in a name? 7 WHAT AND WHERE: SOUTH & CENTRAL PLATEAU 8 WHAT AND WHERE: WEST & NORTHWEST 9 REFERENCES Useful references List of notesheets 10 NOTESHEETS: FAUNA Wildlife, Living with wildlife, Caring for nature, Threatened species, Threats 11 NOTESHEETS: PARKS & PLACES Parks & places,
    [Show full text]